ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4341-2702
Current Organisation
Universiti Putra Malaysia
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-08-2022
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.13621
Abstract: White root disease (WRD) of rubber, caused by Rigidoporus microporus , is a severe soilborne disease in rubber plantations. Although several studies have addressed the potential use of silicon (Si) to combat plant diseases, the exact mechanisms underlying Si‐improved physiological performance and resistance to WRD in rubber rootstock seedlings are still unknown. This study evaluated the effect of soluble Si supplementation in controlling R . microporus on 13‐month‐old rubber rootstock seedlings of clones RRIM 2002 and RRIM 2024. The application of soluble Si twice a month on the RRIM 2002 clone increased the relative chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate to 55.0%, 179.0%, 277.8% and 173.0% higher, respectively, than untreated seedlings 9 months postinoculation with R . microporus . Soluble Si supplementation reduced the disease by 55.0%, compared to only 25.6% disease reduction on rubber rootstock seedlings treated with propiconazole. The application of soluble Si enhanced the accumulation of Si and the production of total phenolic compounds (TPCs) in the rubber rootstock seedling roots by 40% and 25%, respectively, compared to untreated seedlings 9 months postinoculation with R . microporus . Based on scanning electron microscopy observations, the root tissue of rubber rootstock seedlings treated with soluble Si showed the absence of R . microporus hyphae, and the accumulation of Si granules was observed. Thus, this work proved that soluble Si in the form of silicic acid shows promising results as an alternative fertilizer in controlling WRD.
Publisher: MDPI
Date: 07-2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-11-2021
DOI: 10.3390/APP112210701
Abstract: This paper reviewed the weed problems in agriculture and how remote sensing techniques can detect weeds in rice fields. The comparison of weed detection between traditional practices and automated detection using remote sensing platforms is discussed. The ideal stage for controlling weeds in rice fields was highlighted, and the types of weeds usually found in paddy fields were listed. This paper will discuss weed detection using remote sensing techniques, and algorithms commonly used to differentiate them from crops are deliberated. However, weed detection in rice fields using remote sensing platforms is still in its early stages weed detection in other crops is also discussed. Results show that machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) remote sensing techniques have successfully produced a high accuracy map for detecting weeds in crops using RS platforms. Therefore, this technology positively impacts weed management in many aspects, especially in terms of the economic perspective. The implementation of this technology into agricultural development could be extended further.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-11-2022
Abstract: This current investigation was undertaken both in laboratory and glasshouse for documentation and quantification of phytochemicals from different parts of the parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) plant through LC-MS and HPLC to study their effect on two crops namely, Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L.) and maize (Zea mays L.), and six different types of weed e.g., Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, Ageratum conyzoides, Cyperus iria, Euphorbia hirta, and Cyperus difformis. The parthenium methanolic leaf extracts at 25, 50, 75, and 100 g L−1 were sprayed in the test crops and weeds to assess their physiological and biochemical reactions after 6, 24, 48, and 72 h of spraying these compounds (HAS). The LC-MS analysis confirmed seven types of phytochemicals (caffeic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, parthenin, chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, and p-anisic acid) in the parthenium leaf extract that were responsible for the inhibition of tested crops and weeds. From the HPLC analysis, higher amounts in leaf methanol extracts (40,752.52 ppm) than those of the stem (2664.09 ppm) and flower extracts (30,454.33 ppm) were recorded. Parthenium leaf extract at 100 g L−1 had observed higher phytotoxicity on all weed species except C. difformis. However, all crops were found safe under this dose of extraction. Although both crops were also affected to some extent, they could recover from the stress after a few days. The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, carotenoid and chlorophyll content were decreased due to the application of parthenium leaf extract. However, when parthenium leaf extract was applied at 100 g L−1 for 72 h, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content were increased in all weeds. Enzymatic antioxidant activity (e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) contents) were also elevated as a result of the sprayed parthenium leaf extract. The negative impact of physiological and biochemical responses as a consequence of the parthenium leaf extract led the weed species to be stressed and finally killed. The current findings show the feasibility of developing bioherbicide from the methanolic extract of parthenium leaf for controlling weeds, which will be cost-effective, sustainable, and environment friendly for crop production during the future changing climate.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-06-2021
Abstract: The current study was designed to investigate the effect of Parthenium hysterophorus L. methanol extract on Ageratum conyzoides L., Oryza sativa f. spontanea (weedy rice) and Cyperus iria L. in glasshouse condition. Here, Parthenium hysterophorus methanol extract at 20, 40, and 60 g L−1 concentrations was applied on the test species to examine their physiological and biochemical responses at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after spraying (HAS). The phytotoxicity of P. hysterophorus was strong on A. conyzoides compared to weedy rice and Cyperus iria at different concentrations and exposure times. There was a reduction in photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, chlorophyll content and carotenoid content when plants were treated with P. hysterophorus extract concentrations. Exposure to P. hysterophorus (60 g L−1) at 24 HAS increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content by 152% and 130%, respectively, in A. conyzoides compared with control. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD)) were also increased in the presence of P. hysterophorus extract. Present findings confirm that the methanol extract of P. hysterophorus can disrupt the physiological and biochemical mechanism of target weeds and could be used as an alternative to chemical herbicides.
No related grants have been discovered for Zulkarami Berahim.