ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5435-4037
Current Organisation
Constructor University
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2003
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1037/A0029879
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1986
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-05-2011
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-04-2015
DOI: 10.3390/SU7044078
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2000
Abstract: Relations of in iduals' value priorities to their worries are investigated in seven s les from four cultural groups (N = 1,441). A social-cognitive analysis suggests that value priorities influence worries by increasing attention to and perception of threats to valued goals. On this basis, we generate hypotheses relating two types of worries, micro (about self and its extensions) and macro (about society and world), to 10 types of values. As predicted, giving priority to self-transcendence values (universalism and benevolence) is associated with low micro and high macro worry, whereas giving priority to self-enhancement values (power, hedonism, and--to a lesser degree--achievement) is associated with high micro and low macro worry. Meaningful associations are also found for other values. Values account for substantially more variance in macro than in micro worries.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2004
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-1991
Abstract: Relations of four family characteristics to four personality characteristics were ascertained from 1,686 high school students, their parents, and teachers in 7 communities (Hong Kong, Taipei, Osaka, Berlin, Winnipeg, Phoenix, and Canberra). Analyses based on the composite s le showed generally positive correlations between (each of) member satisfaction, nurturance, and permissiveness and (each of) self-esteem, emotional well-being, and interpersonal competence and also generally positive correlations between parental punitiveness and children's hostility. The major exceptions were that parent-reported nurturance correlated negatively with the child's self-esteem and interpersonal competence. When sex, age, parents' education, and s le differences were included as additional predictors, the proportions of predicted variance in children's personality characteristics reported by children and parents were increased by 53%, on average, and the proportions of predicted variance in children's personality characteristics reported by teachers were increased 28.7%, on average. An attempt was made to interpret cross-cultural differences in children's personalities by substituting for s le designators in the regression equations mean s le scores on family characteristics that showed significant intras le correlations with the respective dependent variables. These resulted in elimination of almost two-thirds of the significant inters le mean differences, thus "explaining" such differences in terms of the family characteristics investigated here as intracultural determinants of personality.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2002
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-2004
Abstract: Leung and colleagues have revealed a five-dimensional structure of social axioms across in iduals from five cultural groups. The present research was designed to reveal the culture level factor structure of social axioms and its correlates across 41 nations. An ecological factor analysis on the 60 items of the Social Axioms Survey extracted two factors: Dynamic Externality correlates with value measures tapping collectivism, hierarchy, and conservatism and with national indices indicative of lower social development. Societal Cynicism is less strongly and broadly correlated with previous values measures or other national indices and seems to define a novel cultural syndrome. Its national correlates suggest that it taps the cognitive component of a cultural constellation labeled maleficence, a cultural syndrome associated with a general mistrust of social systems and other people. Discussion focused on the meaning of these national level factors of beliefs and on their relationships with in idual level factors of belief derived from the same data set.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2004
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-12-2022
DOI: 10.3390/SU142416849
Abstract: In the Industry 4.0 era, healthcare services have experienced more dual interventions that integrate lean and six sigma with simulation modeling. This systematic review, which focuses on evidence-based practice and complies with the PRISMA guidelines, aims to evaluate the effects of these dual interventions on healthcare services and provide insights into which paradigms and tools produce the best results. Our review identified 4018 studies, of which 39 studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected. The predominantly positive results reported in 73 outcomes were mostly related to patient flow: length of stay, waiting time, and turnaround time. In contrast, there is little reported evidence of the impact on patient health and satisfaction, staff wellbeing, resource use, and savings. Discrete event simulation stands out in 74% of the interventions as the main simulation paradigm. Meanwhile, 66% of the interventions utilized lean, followed by lean-six sigma with 28%. Our findings confirm that dual interventions focus mainly on utilization and access to healthcare services, particularly on either patient flow problems or problems concerning the allocation of resources however, most interventions lack evidence of implementation. Therefore, this study promotes further research and encourages practical applications including the use of Industry 4.0 technologies.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-12-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-8624.2011.01694.X
Abstract: Living in complex social worlds, in iduals encounter discordant values across life contexts, potentially resulting in different importance of values across contexts. Value differentiation is defined here as the degree to which values receive different importance depending on the context in which they are considered. Early and mid-adolescents (N = 3,497 M = 11.45 years, SD = 0.87 and M = 16.10 years, SD = 0.84, respectively) from 4 cultural groups (majority and former Soviet Union immigrants in Israel and Germany) rated their values in 3 contexts (family, school, and country). Value differentiation varied across in iduals. Early adolescents showed lower value differentiation than mid-adolescents. Immigrant (especially first generation) adolescents, showed higher value differentiation than majority adolescents, reflecting the complex social reality they face while negotiating cultures.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2012
Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd
Date: 2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2005
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-1984
Abstract: The effects of some restraints not included in the classical assumptions of the F- and H-test (e.g., correlation of mean and s le size) were examined in a simulation design of 1000 s les per condition. Also simulated was a situation in which two assumptions were not met simultaneously. The major conclusions were: H was not an appropriate alternative for F with s les of N? 20 in all cases of unequal variances combined with unequal s le sizes H should be applied and neither H nor F should be applied if more than one assumption of either test is not met.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-02-2011
Abstract: Utilizing latent growth modeling, the long-term development of worries among peace movement supporters is examined. Data originate from a seven-wave German longitudinal study started in 1985 with on average 14-year-olds. Waves were interspersed 3 and a half years each. Activists are assumed to have lower (self-related) microworries (Hypothesis 1) and higher macroworries (concerned with larger entities Hypothesis 2) than nonactivists at the onset of the study. Nonactivists who appraised the threat of nuclear war as high in 1985 are assumed to report worse mental health than their activist age-mates 21 years later (Hypothesis 3). Activists are assumed to express relatively more macroworries than nonactivists in midadulthood (Hypothesis 4). All four hypotheses were confirmed. Results are interpreted in a stress-coping (Lazarus) and resource (Elder) framework, suggesting that refraining from acting out against a perceived sociopolitical threat is a long-term risk for a positive mental health trajectory.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2011
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 09-2005
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 09-1989
DOI: 10.2307/3791357
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 09-2005
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-08-2015
DOI: 10.1002/IJOP.12204
Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between political consumerism and core political values (CPVs) among university students in Brazil (N = 414) and Germany (N = 222). Despite the prerequisite to endorse values that are compatible with political consumerism, contextual features of one's immediate environment might affect overall levels of political consumerism. Our results show that political consumerism is significantly associated with higher income in Brazil (but not in Germany). After controlling for income, political consumerism was practised more frequently in Germany than in Brazil, in urban compared with rural areas, and was not dependent on gender. The urban-rural split was stronger in Brazil than in Germany. These results confirm our hypothesis that contextual features are associated with political consumerism. Furthermore, the political value Equality positively predicted political consumerism in both countries. In contrast, Traditional Morality and support of Free Enterprise negatively predicted political consumerism, although the effect sizes of these relationships were only small. These results suggest that political consumerism among university students is widespread in Germany but not in Brazil. Interestingly, regardless of its low prevalence in Brazil, political consumerism is positively associated with the CPV of Equality among university students in both countries.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-12-2014
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-05-2004
DOI: 10.1093/BJC/AZH039
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-1985
DOI: 10.1177/0022002185016001006
Abstract: The development of German children's moral reasoning about prosocial conflicts, and the interrelations of moral reasoning and prosocial behavior were examined. Hedonistic reasoning decreased in usage from the preschool years to fourth grade direct reciprocity, needs-oriented, approval/ interpersonal, and reasoning involving references to others' humanness increased with age. The pattern of development was strikingly similar to that of an American s le of the same age. However, German children used more direct reciprocity and less stereotypic reasoning than did American children. As has been found for American children, sharing behavior but not helping was related to level of moral judgment. The results are discussed in relation to theory and the existing research concerning prosocial development in America.
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Date: 2008
Abstract: Abstract. This paper begins by giving an overview of why and in which ways social psychological research can be relevant to peace. Galtung's (1969) distinction between negative peace (the absence of direct violence) and positive peace (the absence of structural violence, or the presence of social justice) is crossed with a focus on factors that are detrimental (obstacles) to peace versus factors that are conducive to peace (catalysts), yielding a two-by-two classification of social psychological contributions to peace. Research falling into these four classes is cited in brief, with a particular focus on four exemplary topics: support for military interventions as an obstacle to negative peace antiwar activism as a catalyst of negative peace ideologies legitimizing social inequality as an obstacle to positive peace and commitment to human rights as a catalyst of positive peace. Based on this conceptual framework, the remaining six articles of the special issue “Social Psychology and Peace” are briefly introduced.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2011.633927
Abstract: We determined the inter-day variability in elite-standard women's artistic gymnastics competition scores. National (50 gymnasts for up to three days) and Olympic (24 gymnasts for up to five days) competition scores published in the public domain ('Giant poster pull-out', 2010 Gymnastics Australia, 2008 ) were evaluated using three statistical measures. Analyses of the inter-day differences in the mean scores as a percentage (MDiff%), coefficient of variation percentages for the mean score across both days (CV%), and Pearson correlation coefficients for the inter-day score (r) were interpreted using thresholds from trivial to large. National-class gymnasts' two-day performance variation was trivial for vault, small for floor and beam, and moderate for bars. When senior gymnasts competed for a third day the performance variation increased to moderate for vault. Across five days of Olympic competition there were trivial (e.g. CV%: vault = 0.8) to small (e.g. CV%: bars = 2.0) variations in performances between days on all apparatus. Olympians' performance score consistency is superior to senior, national-class competitors. The performance score consistency required for gymnasts who aspire to participate at the Olympics as a top-24 competitor is better than 3%.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2002
DOI: 10.1080/01650250042000735
Abstract: A relationship between the developmental aspirations of adolescents and the modes of their media use is suggested. The hypothesis is forwarded that adolescents’ use of the radio is largely determined by their wish to accelerate and enhance their own development. Radio is assumed to be used by adolescents to master age-specific developmental tasks. A model linking developmental aspirations and music involvement with radio use is tested in a structural equations approach. Data from a German youth study of 10- to 18-year-olds (N = 1011) is analysed. Findings underscore the conjecture that developmental aspirations in the form of subjective discrepancies between developmental goals and the current developmental standing with regard to selected developmental tasks and certain modes of radio use (socioemotional) are indeed related. Adolescent music involvement also emerged as a powerful predictor of socioemotional radio use.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-03-2023
DOI: 10.1111/FARE.12868
Abstract: This study examined whether the association between the Big Five personality dimensions and post orce adjustment (PDA) was mediated by Neff's concept of self‐compassion. Research on marital psychology suggests that multiple psychological factors are associated with PDA. However, the mechanisms by which these factors affect PDA have received much less attention. Accordingly, in the current study, the potential mediation effect of self‐compassion was investigated. Cultural context of PDA is considered. A total of 334 orced Iranian women took part in the study. Participants completed a sociodemographic survey, including the Ten‐Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), the Self‐Compassion Scale–Short Form (SCS‐SF), and Fisher's Divorce Adjustment Scale (FDAS). Correlational analyses and structural equation modeling showed a significant positive association of self‐compassion with self‐reported measures of the positive factors of PDA (feeling of self‐worth, disentanglement from love relationships, social self‐worth, and rebuilding social trust), and the personality traits of emotional stability, extraversion, and conscientiousness. There also was a significant negative association with the negative factors of PDA (symptoms of grief and feeling of self‐anger) and the personality traits of agreeableness, and openness to experience. Self‐compassion significantly predicted variation in positive psychological health beyond that attributable to personality it partially mediated the relationship between personality and post orce adjustment. Personality appears to relate to post orce adjustment through self‐compassion. The role of Iranian cultural characteristics in perceiving the magnitude of stress resulting from orce, and post orce adjustment is discussed. Enhancing self‐compassion among orced Iranian women seems to be a worthwhile approach to orce counseling.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1999
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Date: 2008
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2009
Abstract: The article reports results of representative survey studies in border regions of Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, and France. It addresses the proposition that border regions are laboratories of social integration in Europe, and tests to what degree the endowment with transnational social capital (TSC) predicts in idual transnational identities with regard to the immediate border region and to Europe as a whole. Results show that only in the border region of Germany and France is there a relationship between accumulated TSC and strength of transnational identity, whereas in the border regions of Germany, Poland, and the Czech Republic, the accumulated in idual TSC does not predict transnational identities, which are there more an outflow of political attitudes and reflections about historic conflicts.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2007
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2007
Publisher: The Company of Biologists
Date: 08-2009
DOI: 10.1242/JEB.027995
Abstract: The equine biceps brachii (biceps) initiates rapid limb protraction through a catapult mechanism. Elastic strain energy is slowly stored in an internal tendon and is then rapidly released to protract the forelimb. The muscle fibres are short, have little scope for length change and can therefore only shorten slowly compared with the speed at which the whole muscle must shorten,which makes them poor candidates for driving rapid limb protraction. We suggest that the muscle fibres in the biceps act to modulate the elastic energy output of the muscle–tendon unit (MTU) to meet the demands of locomotion under different conditions. We hypothesise that more elastic strain energy is stored and released from the biceps MTU during higher speed locomotion to accommodate the increase in energy required to protract the limb and that this can be achieved by varying the length change and activation conditions of the muscle. We examined the work performed by the biceps during trot and canter using an inverse dynamics analysis (IDA). We then used excised biceps muscles to determine how much work could be performed by the muscle in active and passive stretch–shorten cycles. A muscle model was developed to investigate the influence of changes in activation parameters on energy storage and energy return from the biceps MTU. Increased biceps MTU length change and increased work performed by the biceps MTU were found at canter compared with at trot. More work was performed by the ex vivo biceps MTU following activation of the muscle and by increasing muscle length change. However, the ratio of active to passive work diminished with increasing length change. The muscle model demonstrated that duration and timing of activation during stretch–shorten cycles could modulate the elastic energy storage and return from the biceps. We conclude that the equine biceps MTU acts as a tuneable spring and the contractile component functions to modulate the energy required for rapid forelimb protraction at different speeds.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-1998
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 30-03-2021
Abstract: In recent years, political discourse and election results appear to be more polarized in western countries but is this associated with increasing attitude polarization of their general public? To answer this question, many different polarization measures have been proposed in the literature but no systematic empirical comparison exists. In an exploratory analysis of 4,155 attitude distributions on 11-point scales from the European Social Survey, we find that most polarization measures for single attitude distributions correlate strongly with the average attitude discrepancy between randomly selected pairs. We propose this as a catch-all measure for polarization because it can be decomposed into components related to different groups. By analyzing attitude distributions of the left-right political self-placements and several other topics we find that distributions are typically not unimodal or bimodal, but show more so a structure with up to five modes. We exploit this structure by fitting a model with five latent groups of moderates, extremists, and centrists.Finally, we use the decomposition of polarization with respect to these groups to analyze polarization and its different aspects across topics, countries, and time establishing an overview and new perspectives on single attitude polarization in Europe.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 18-08-2014
Abstract: Current-day cross-cultural psychology typically attends to a linguistic equivalence requirement for the assessment of one and the same psychological construct in different cultures. The present article suggests loosening the requirement of using identically worded items in all cultures included in a cross-cultural comparison in favor of following a more emic methodology in instrument development. Using purely illustrative material on the relationship of paternal warmth and trust in five cultures (Germany, Moldova–Russian, Togo–French, Zambia–English, and Zimbabwe–Shona), an approach is suggested that develops items autonomously within the cultures included in a comparison, subsequently ascertains structural and measurement equivalence of covariance matrices obtained on the basis of items differently worded in different cultures, and finally validates the measurement by showing the equality of the relationship of the differentially measured latent construct under scrutiny (here, paternal warmth) with the comparison variable (here, trust) in all cultures. The authors hope to offer first steps toward a quantitative emic comparative psychology and discuss further research needs.
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 03-1992
DOI: 10.2307/3791429
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2008
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 06-09-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-07-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S10902-023-00676-W
Abstract: A cornerstone of well-being research is that the resource-rich are happier with their lives than the resource-poor and better positioned to cope with stressful life events. This paper addresses the role of various resources—human, economic, social, and psychological capital—in life satisfaction during the coronavirus pandemic, using panel data from Germany and the United Kingdom for 2020 and 2021. Cross-sectionally, we find life satisfaction to be clearly related to all these forms of capital, with psychological capital being the strongest predictor of life satisfaction. Longitudinally, the capital endowments in 2020 did not predict changes in life satisfaction within in iduals from 2020 to 2021, except for psychological capital. Our results suggest two things: first, the unfolding pandemic did not heighten well-being inequalities and second, weathering the pandemic required psychological resources in the first place.
Publisher: Psychology Press
Date: 26-01-2011
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 11-10-2010
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 16-09-2021
DOI: 10.1108/JMTM-12-2020-0488
Abstract: The objective of the study is to design and validate an instrument that allows organizations to assess their status regarding the adoption of the critical success factors (CSFs) that enable lean six sigma (LSS) implementation in order to achieve the expected benefits. An extensive literature review was conducted to define the LSS CSFs that have to be considered for the development of the questionnaire that would later be applied across all manufacturing companies on the Northern Mexican border. Once the database was built, a statistical verification of the assumptions required for factor analysis took place. Finally, the due construct validation was carried out to verify whether the proposed instrument measured reliably what it is intended to. A questionnaire measuring nine CSFs, as well as the benefits associated with the implementation of LSS, was designed and validated through 61 items. The main limitations of this study are that the research is cross-sectional and that the study was carried out taking as a reference only exporting manufacturing companies located in the border area between Mexico and the United States. The validated instrument is expected to serve as a useful tool for companies interested in the implementation of LSS. This study introduces a validated tool for the analysis of LSS CSFs while providing evidence of construct validity and the solid structure of the factors.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2020
Abstract: The combination of measurements of the W boson polarization in top quark decays performed by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations is presented. The measurements are based on proton-proton collision data produced at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 20 fb − 1 for each experiment. The measurements used events containing one lepton and having different jet multiplicities in the final state. The results are quoted as fractions of W bosons with longitudinal ( F 0 ), left-handed ( F L ), or right-handed ( F R ) polarizations. The resulting combined measurements of the polarization fractions are F 0 = 0 . 693 ± 0 . 014 and F L = 0 . 315 ± 0 . 011. The fraction F R is calculated from the unitarity constraint to be F R = − 0 . 008 ± 0 . 007. These results are in agreement with the standard model predictions at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics and represent an improvement in precision of 25 (29)% for F 0 ( F L ) with respect to the most precise single measurement. A limit on anomalous right-handed vector ( V R ), and left- and right-handed tensor ( g L , g R ) tWb couplings is set while fixing all others to their standard model values. The allowed regions are [ − 0 . 11 , 0 . 16] for V R , [ − 0 . 08 , 0 . 05] for g L , and [ − 0 . 04 , 0 . 02] for g R , at 95% confidence level. Limits on the corresponding Wilson coefficients are also derived.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2009
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2007
Abstract: Cross-cultural evidence on the gender gap in delinquency is presented. Based on power-control theory (PCT), gender differences in aggressive behaviour are analysed. We assume that differences in labour force participation between father and mother lead to differences in parental control behaviour towards boys and girls, which in turn lead to different risk-taking preferences and eventually produce gender differences in aggressive behaviour. A revised PCT acknowledges that dominance ideologies also play a role in the genesis of gender differences in delinquency. This proposition is also tested. Analyses are based on data from 319 families (father, mother and two adolescent opposite-sex siblings) from West Berlin, East Berlin and Toronto. The findings support assumptions of PCT but differ substantially between the three cities. Evidence of the link between structural patriarchy and parental style – postulated in the original PCT – is found in East Berlin, whereas the West Berlin and Toronto results fit a modified version of PCT featuring gender-role attitudes (ideological patriarchy).
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-1994
DOI: 10.1007/BF03172779
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2015
Abstract: University education is increasingly becoming international. Therefore, it is important that universities prepare their new students for the challenges of an intercultural academic environment. The aim of the current study was to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of an intercultural peer-to-peer training offered to all new incoming students at Jacobs University Bremen, Germany. The training aims to facilitate the social and academic integration of students at this international university. A total of 117 first-year undergraduate students completed a pen-and-paper questionnaire with 47 items one semester (6 months) after attending the intercultural training. The results suggest that participants liked the structure of the training and the use of senior students as peer trainers. It appears that the training improved the awareness of the effects of culture (own and other) on the social life of students. However, the training was less adequate at preparing the participants for the student-centered academic culture at this university. In light of its cost-effectiveness, the intercultural training could be easily adopted for use at other universities as part of the c us-wide orientation activities. However, regardless of their culture, all new university students require more assistance to academically adapt to and succeed in multicultural classrooms.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-2008
DOI: 10.1177/110330880801600303
Abstract: The article reports research on family socialization of dominance values among adolescents. Dominance values were studied as expressed in Hierarchic Self-Interest (HSI), a value pattern that is typical for highly competitive market-oriented societies and has negative behavioural consequences. In analyzing socialization, the study concentrates on authoritarian and achievement-focused parenting, as well as structural and ideological predictors thereof. The relevance of HSI for attitudes and behaviours is studied by considering xenophobia and delinquency as its consequences. Using panel data of 443 families (mothers, fathers, and adolescent offspring) from Berlin (Germany), a structural equation model is estimated. Results show that adolescent HSI can be traced back to social-structural variables and parenting modes, but also develops through intergenerational value transmission. It has assumed negative consequences.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-1989
Abstract: Changes in patterns of prosocial motivation between Grades 2 and 12 were examined in five s les from four countrics: West Germany, Poland, Italy,and the United States. The Prosocial Motivation Questionnaire (PSMQ), an instrument based on theoretical elaborations about evaluative standards operative in prosocial action, was used to assess within-subject preference for five prosocial motives: hedonism, self-interest, conformity, task orientation, and other-orientation. Studied were two s les from Berlin (West average age range, 11-6 to 18-6 years) and one s le each from Warsaw (11-11 to 18-11), Bologna (11-6 to 18-11), and Phoenix, Arizona (8-4 to 13-4). The major results held for all cities studied and confirm the generalizability of earlier national findings. Specifically, the major findings were as follows: (1) extrinsic motives for prosocial acts (hedonism and self-interest) were least preferred, whereas intrinsic motives (task and other-orientation) were most highly valued, and conformity was always in between (2) preference for hedonism decreased in the younger s les, preference for conformity decreased in the older s les, and age-related increases were found only for task orientation and (3) gender differences emerged at age 12, thus confirming prior findings that girls prefer intrinsic motives more than boys do.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.WASMAN.2022.02.006
Abstract: Guided by the Theory of Planned Behaviour, this study investigates littering attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioural control as predictors of the intention to prevent littering and actual littering prevention behaviour among residents of a developing country (Nigeria). The study employed a survey questionnaire to collect cross-sectional data. By applying structural equation modelling it was found that people who intend to prevent littering are also more likely to engage in actual littering prevention behaviour. At the same time, the perceived behavioural control had a significant influence on littering prevention intention. The study's findings can assist waste managers in formulating policies and interventions targeting behavioural intention and perceived behavioural control to foster littering prevention. Further, environmental managers should engage applied social and environmental psychologists or social scientists to design such behaviour change programmes.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 12-2022
DOI: 10.1037/AMP0001080
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-07-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S43545-022-00342-7
Abstract: In recent years, political discourse and election results appear to be more polarized in western countries but is this associated with increasing attitude polarization of their general public? To answer this question, many different polarization measures have been proposed in the literature but no systematic empirical comparison exists. In an exploratory analysis of 4155 attitude distributions on 11-point scales from the European Social Survey, we find that most polarization measures for single attitude distributions correlate strongly with the average attitude discrepancy between randomly selected pairs. We propose this as a catch-all measure for polarization because it can be decomposed into components related to different groups. By analyzing attitude distributions of the left–right political self-placements and several other topics, we find that distributions are typically not unimodal or bimodal, but show more so a structure with up to five modes. We exploit this structure by fitting a model with five latent groups of moderates, extremists, and centrists. Finally, we use the decomposition of polarization with respect to these groups to analyze polarization and its different aspects across topics, countries, and time establishing an overview and new perspectives on single attitude polarization in Europe.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-07-2022
Abstract: Despite the increasing utilization of lean practices and digital technologies (DTs) related to Industry 4.0, the impact of such dual interventions on healthcare services remains unclear. This study aims to assess the effects of those interventions and provide a comprehensive understanding of their dynamics in healthcare settings. The methodology comprised a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines, searching for lean interventions supported by DTs. Previous studies reporting outcomes related to patient health, patient flow, quality of care, and efficiency were included. Results show that most of the improvement interventions relied on lean methodology followed by lean combined with Six Sigma. The main supporting technologies were simulation and automation, while emergency departments and laboratories were the main settings. Most interventions focus on patient flow outcomes, reporting positive effects on outcomes related to access to service and utilization of services, including reductions in turnaround time, length of stay, waiting time, and turnover time. Notably, we found scarce outcomes regarding patient health, staff wellbeing, resource use, and savings. This paper, the first to investigate the dual intervention of DTs with lean or lean–Six Sigma in healthcare, summarizes the technical and organizational challenges associated with similar interventions, encourages further research, and promotes practical applications.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.745
Publisher: Federal State-Financed Educational Institution of Higher Education Moscow State University of Psychology and Education
Date: 2021
Abstract: When looking at important indicators of well-being, there is extensive evidence that levels of life satisfaction differ between ethnic groups, such that minority groups by and large tend to report lower levels of life satisfaction than majority ethnic groups. A growing body of literature has begun investigating the relationship between an in idual’s community and their own levels of life satisfaction. While community deprivation and community ethnic composition are important factors for understanding in idual ethnic disparities in life satisfaction, there is a gap in understanding the role of community social cohesion, as well as the effect on change in life satisfaction over time. Using panel survey data from 5.207 adults living in 30 sub-districts of rural Kyrgyzstan, we conduct a multilevel analysis of whether social cohesion serves as a moderator for the relationship between ethnicity and change in life satisfaction. While results do not demonstrate a positive effect of community social cohesion on change in life satisfaction, they do indicate that higher levels of community social cohesion minimize the ethnic group disparities in change in life satisfaction. These findings imply that social cohesion may be one additional piece of the puzzle in understanding ethnic disparities in life satisfaction.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 10-11-2008
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-07-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-08-2023
DOI: 10.1111/PERE.12519
Abstract: Various psychological predictors of mate preference have been identified in prior research that when accounted for simultaneously could reveal the unique contributions of each. This study aimed to explore the extent to which perceived attractiveness, personality characteristics, and attachment styles are associated with young Iranian adults' mate preferences, attending to group differences based on biological sex. A total of 644 Iranian young adults completed a questionnaire that included items related to one's perceived intelligence and physical attractiveness, HEXACO personality traits, and KASER mate preferences (kindness/dependability, attractiveness/sexuality, status/resources, education/intelligence, and religiosity/chastity). Several differences based on biological sex were apparent in the personality, attachment, and mate preferences measures, as well as with their intercorrelations. Analyses using multiple linear regression indicated that each of the KASER variables had some unique combinations of the three types of psychological characteristics, and some variance by biological sex. For ex le, kindness/dependability was predicted for males by the two perceived attractiveness variables and by two personality variables (emotionality and conscientiousness), but only by the agreeableness personality trait for females. Attachment styles were only relevant for education/intelligence and religiosity/chastity, with little evidence of sex‐based differences.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 02-04-2020
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1037/PSPI0000342
Abstract: Research on intergroup bias usually focuses on a single dimension of social categorization. In real life, however, people are aware of others' multiple group memberships and use this information to form attitudes about them. The present research tests the predictive power of identification, perceived conflict, and perceived symbolic threat in explaining the strength of intergroup bias on various dimensions of social categorization in multiple categorization settings. We conduct a factorial survey experiment, manipulating 9 dimensions of social categorization in erse s les from 4 countries (
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1994
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2021
DOI: 10.1177/00220221211020444
Abstract: This paper examines intergenerational differences and similarities in value preferences among three generations of the Russian ethnic minorities in two North Caucasus republics of the Russian Federation. It also compares them with value preferences of three generations of Russians in the Central Federal District around Moscow and those of indigenous North Caucasus residents. The s le included 479 grandparent–parent–adolescent triads. Data were obtained using Schwartz’s Revised Portrait Values Questionnaire. Scores for Schwartz’s four higher-order value types (Openness to Change, Self-Enhancement, Conservation, and Self-Transcendence) were calculated. Analyses of variance showed that intergenerational differences were strongest for Openness values. For the three other values, preferences of grandparents and parents differed less than did preferences of parents and their offspring. Repeated measures analyses of covariance, controlling for differences in age, gender, and educational attainment in the five cultural groups, showed that intergenerational differences were moderated by cultural context. Intergenerational differences were consistently widest in the Central Federal District. Generally, value preferences of contemporary adolescents, their parents, and their grandparents are drifting apart in the most “modern” part of the Russian Federation, whereas in the periphery, the generations are staying more closely together, largely regardless of people’s ethnic belonging.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 14-12-2022
Abstract: Social capital is an important resource for the wellbeing of both the in idual and society. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many studies have been conducted to explore the role of social capital in coping with the negative consequences of the pandemic. However, how the pandemic itself can affect the social capital of people has yet to be studied. Try to fill this gap, we aimed at testing the association between the in idually perceived coronavirus threat and such indicators of social capital as general social trust, institutional trust, and the quality of various types of people's social relationships (with family, friends, colleagues, neighbors, residents of a locality, residents of a country). Data were collected in different regions of the Russian Federation for a convenience s le of 500 respondents. The study found that the in idually perceived coronavirus threat was positively associated with institutional trust, but not with general social trust. Moreover, this covariation was moderated by age: an institutional trust-threat relation emerged only in older respondents with an average age of around 60, but not in younger participants. Furthermore, the study found that perceived coronavirus threat was associated with closer relationships in the family, but simultaneously with an increased distance in relations with neighbors and residents of the respondents' locality. In summary, the study indicated that “strong” ties (i.e., with family, colleagues, and friends) either remained unchanged or were intensified in the face of the pandemic threat, whereas “weak” ties (i.e., with neighbors, residents of the same locality, and fellow citizens) tended to weaken even more.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-12-2007
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 17-11-2021
DOI: 10.1108/IMDS-04-2021-0216
Abstract: Enterprise social media can be the organizational transactive memory in which the knowledge dialogue provides users with the metaknowledge to support knowledge transfer. The purpose of this study is to examine a mediation model to show how perceived critical mass, openness and affiliation climate affect organizational knowledge transfer through the mediation of improving the metaknowledge of who knows what and whom. To test the mediation model and corresponding hypotheses, this study employs structural equation modeling analysis using 264 valid questionnaires. The study found the two mediators fully explained the effects of the three preconditions on knowledge transfer. These results help us to better understand the benefits of enterprise social media and the functions of transactive memory in organizations.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-10-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S40615-022-01426-Z
Abstract: Despite the increasing interest in exploring microaggression in the humanitarian context, there remains uncertainty on its mechanism for affecting life outcomes. There is a lack of studies on ethnic and racial minorities in non-western countries. The current research explores dimensions and manifestations of microaggression and how they affect wellbeing in a multicultural setting. The study uses a qualitative approach with 15 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 66 participants conducted in 4 provinces of South Africa: Gauteng ( k = 6), North-West ( k = 3), KwaZulu-Natal ( k = 3), and Western Cape ( k = 3). The recorded FGDs were transcribed using the intelligent verbatim technique. The transcripts were then analysed using a phenomenological approach. Data analysis was done stepwise using the deductive coding technique. Results show that participants’ perception of the dimensions of microaggression varies depending on the manifestation as verbal, behavioural, or systemic. Furthermore, variations in patterns and reactions to dimensions of microaggression were linked with participants’ racial identity. It further confirms that experiencing discrimination is associated with poorer wellbeing. Connectedness to the ingroup provides stability and certainty in multi-group societies due to the group rivalry that pervades such societies.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-06-2015
Abstract: We offer empirical evidence for a new conceptual view on the interdependence of culture-level values and in idual value preferences. A study of 291 sojourner students from 56 nationalities tests the hypothesis that social axioms fully mediate the relationship between culture-level and in idual value preferences. Cultural values were operationalized with Schwartz’s three culture-level value oppositions: embeddedness-autonomy, mastery-harmony, and hierarchy-egalitarianism. The measurement of social axioms follows the approach of Leung et al., whereas in idual values focus on Hagan et al.’s second-order concept of hierarchic self-interest. The empirical support for our central hypothesis points to a necessity to refine theories on the relationship of social axioms and values, giving social axioms the role of a mediator in the process of transmitting a culture’s prevalent values in value preferences of in iduals.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 16-09-2011
Abstract: Based on a deductive, culturally decentered approach, new items were generated to improve the reliability of the original Social Axioms Survey, which measures in iduals’ general beliefs about the world. In Study 1, results from 11 countries support the original five-factor structure and achieve higher reliability for the axiom dimensions as measured by the new scale. Moreover, moderate but meaningful associations between axiom and Big-Five personality dimensions were found. Temporal change of social axioms at the culture level was examined and found to be moderate. In Study 2, additional new items were generated for social complexity and fate control, then assessed in Hong Kong and the United States. Reliability was further improved for both dimensions. Additionally, two subfactors of fate control were identified: fate determinism and fate alterability. Fate determinism, but not fate alterability, related positively to neuroticism. Other relationships between axiom and personality dimensions were similar to those reported in Study 1. The short forms of the axiom dimensions were generally reliable and correlated highly with the long forms. This research thus provides a stronger foundation for applying the construct of social axioms around the world.
Location: No location found
Location: Singapore
Location: Russian Federation
Start Date: 2017
End Date: 2018
Funder: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
View Funded Activity