ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4867-7304
Current Organisation
University of California Santa Cruz
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 04-07-2008
Abstract: It has previously been thought that there was a steep Cretaceous and Cenozoic radiation of marine invertebrates. This pattern can be replicated with a new data set of fossil occurrences representing 3.5 million specimens, but only when older analytical protocols are used. Moreover, analyses that employ s ling standardization and more robust counting methods show a modest rise in ersity with no clear trend after the mid-Cretaceous. Globally, locally, and at both high and low latitudes, ersity was less than twice as high in the Neogene as in the mid-Paleozoic. The ratio of global to local richness has changed little, and a latitudinal ersity gradient was present in the early Paleozoic.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1666/08033.1
Abstract: The end-Guadalupian extinction, at the end of the Middle Permian, is thought to have been one of the largest biotic crises in the Phanerozoic. Previous estimates suggest that the crisis eliminated 58% of marine invertebrate genera during the Capitanian stage and that its selectivity helped the Modern evolutionary fauna become more erse than the Paleozoic fauna before the end-Permian mass extinction. However, a new s ling-standardized analysis of Permian ersity trends, based on 53731 marine invertebrate fossil occurrences from 9790 collections, indicates that the end-Guadalupian “extinction” was actually a prolonged but gradual decrease in ersity from the Wordian to the end of the Permian. There was no peak in extinction rates reduced genus richness exhibited by all studied invertebrate groups and ecological guilds, and in different latitudinal belts, was instead driven by a sharp decrease in origination rates during the Capitanian and Wuchiapingian. The global ersity decrease was exacerbated by changes in beta ersity, most notably a reduction in provinciality due to the loss of marine habitat area and a pronounced decrease in geographic disparity over small distances. Disparity over moderate to large distances was unchanged, suggesting that small-scale beta ersity changes may have resulted from compression of bathymetric ranges and homogenization of onshore-offshore faunal gradients stemming from the spread of deep-water anoxia around the Guadalupian/Lopingian boundary. Although tropical invertebrate genera were no more likely than extratropical ones to become extinct, the marked reduction in origination rates during the Capitanian and Wuchiapingian is consistent with the effects of global cooling (the Kamura Event), but may also be consistent with other environmental stresses such as anoxia. However, a gradual reduction in ersity, rather than a sharp end-Guadalupian extinction, precludes the need to invoke drastic extinction mechanisms and indicates that taxonomic loss at the end of the Paleozoic was concentrated in the traditional end-Permian (end-Changhsingian) extinction, which eliminated 78% of all marine invertebrate genera.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 24-04-2020
Abstract: Fossils, especially those from marine systems, have long been used to estimate changes in patterns of ersity over time. However, fossils are patchy in their occurrence, so such temporal estimates generally have not included variations due to space. Such a singular examination has the potential to simplify, or even misrepresent, patterns. Close et al. used a spatially explicit approach to measure ersity changes in marine fossils across time and space. They found that, like modern systems, ersity varies considerably across space, with reefs increasing ersity levels. Accounting for this spatial-environmental variation will shed new light on the study of ersity over time. Science , this issue p. 420
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2009
Location: United States of America
No related grants have been discovered for Matthew Clapham.