ORCID Profile
0000-0002-6256-7104
Current Organisation
La Trobe University
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Industrial and Organisational Psychology | Technical, Further and Workplace Education | Human Resources Management | Psychology |
Management and Productivity not elsewhere classified | Expanding Knowledge in Psychology and Cognitive Sciences | Workforce Transition and Employment
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 23-06-0006
Abstract: Although there is growing academic and business interest in autism employment programs, few studies have examined employee (manager and coworker) attitudes toward these programs. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of workload changes (a job demand) and perceived supervisor support (a job resource) on commitment to the program and employee engagement more broadly. A total of 229 employees from two Australian public sector organizations completed a survey about the autism employment program in their organization. Perceived workload increases were associated with lower affective commitment and higher continuance commitment to the program. Perceived supervisor support was associated with higher affective commitment to the program and employee engagement, but lower continuance commitment to the program. Perceived supervisor support moderated the effect of workload increase on employee engagement, but not in the expected direction. This research helps to fill a gap in the autism employment literature by focusing on commitment toward autism employment programs among existing employees. The research helps to provide a more complete and nuanced view of these programs within their broader organizational context.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-10-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-014-2297-1
Abstract: Face identity recognition has widely been shown to be impaired in in iduals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In this study we examined the influence of inversion on face recognition in 26 adults with ASD and 33 age and IQ matched controls. Participants completed a recognition test comprising upright and inverted faces. Participants with ASD performed worse than controls on the recognition task but did not show an advantage for inverted face recognition. Both groups directed more visual attention to the eye than the mouth region and gaze patterns were not found to be associated with recognition performance. These results provide evidence of a normal effect of inversion on face recognition in adults with ASD.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-01-2018
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 20-08-2020
Abstract: Screening for autism spectrum disorder is the first step toward early detection and diagnosis, thereby impacting the likelihood of children accessing early intervention and, importantly, improving long-term outcomes. This systematic review aimed to (a) establish a clear baseline of autism spectrum disorder screening tools currently used throughout mainland China and surrounding regions, (b) identify the strengths and limitations of these instruments, and (c) develop specific recommendations regarding screening for autism spectrum disorder throughout Chinese-speaking countries. Databases were searched for recent (2015-2018) articles published in Chinese or English languages. Twenty-two studies (13 Chinese, 9 English) met inclusion criteria two from Taiwan and the remainder from mainland China. Studies varied greatly in the extent of psychometric analyses and reported autism spectrum disorder prevalence. The majority of diagnoses were based on
Publisher: La Trobe
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.26181/17082734
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-07-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-11-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-017-3391-Y
Abstract: Children with autism experience challenges with emotion regulation. It is unclear how children's management of their emotions is associated with their family's quality of life. Forty-three preschoolers with autism and 28 typically developing preschoolers were coded on emotion regulation strategies used during low-level stress tasks. Parents reported on their quality of life and family functioning, and their child's internalizing and externalizing behaviors. More externalizing behaviors across groups and use of two emotion regulation strategies (self-soothing, deep exhalation) in the autism group predicted lower family quality of life. Findings suggest that children's emotional outbursts and reduced use of passive comforting strategies are linked to lower family quality of life.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-05-2008
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2015
Publisher: La Trobe
Date: 2019
Publisher: La Trobe
Date: 2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: La Trobe
Date: 2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-05-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-021-05039-Z
Abstract: Despite challenges in social communication skills people with ASD often display strengths in visual processing. Aerial photography analysis is an occupation reliant on strong visual processing skills that matches this unique profile. We investigated basic-vision and "real-life" visual tasks in 20 cognitively-able young adults with ASD and 20 typically-developed (TD) "gamers". Basic-vision tests included Visual-Search, Embedded-Figures, and Vigilance "real-life" tests included aerial-photograph detection and identification. Groups performed equally well, and did not differ significantly on any tasks. The study demonstrates strong visual skills in people with ASD in basic and "real-life" settings, and supports the idea that they may be well suited for employment in occupations that demand high visual perception skills such as aerial photography analysis.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-03-2017
DOI: 10.1002/AUR.1747
Abstract: Pronounced heterogeneity is apparent across every facet of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and it remains difficult to predict likely future potential among in iduals who share a common diagnosis of ASD on the basis of early presentation. In this commentary we argue that a fine-grained understanding of in idual differences in sensory features and their influence across the life span can constrain noted clinical heterogeneity in ASD. We organize our discussion around the following three critical themes: (a) considering sensory features as dimensional construct (b) taking an "in idual differences" approach and (c) adopting a comprehensive, multidimensional and multimodal approach to measurement of sensory features. We conclude that future research will need to investigate in idual differences in sensory features via: (1) multidimensional and cross-disciplinary examination, (2) prospective longitudinal designs, and (3) dimensional and developmental frameworks that emphasize the potential value of early in idual variability as indicators of later outcomes, not only in relation to the categorical diagnostic outcome status but also the presence of other clinical features. This is a key time for sensory-related research and in this commentary we provide some of the steps that, in our opinion, can shape future research in this area. Autism Res 2017, 10: 703-710. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Publisher: La Trobe
Date: 2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-07-2017
DOI: 10.1002/AUR.1827
Abstract: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly present with difficulty regulating negative emotions, which has been found to impact their behavioral and mental health. Little research has documented the strategies that children with ASD use to regulate their emotion to understand whether they use qualitatively different strategies to children without ASD, whether these are developmentally delayed, or both. Forty-four children with ASD and 29 typically-developing children (2-4 years) were given tasks designed to mimic everyday life experiences requiring children to manage low-level stress (e.g., waiting for a snack) and children's emotion regulation strategies were coded. Parents reported on their child's mental health, wellbeing, and self-development. The results suggest differences in using emotion regulation strategies in children with ASD, reflecting a delay, rather than a deviance when compared to those used by children without ASD. Only children with ASD relied on their family members for physical and communicative soothing the typically developing children relied on people outside of their family for help regulating their emotion. More frequent approach/less frequent avoidance was related to a higher self-evaluation in both groups, but was only additionally related to higher self-recognition and autonomy in the ASD group. These findings help to identify important emotion regulation intervention targets for this population, including supporting communication with people outside of the family and independence. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1808-1822. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Results suggest that children with autism had more difficulty using communication strategies to manage stress only with people outside the family they used these strategies with family members as often as children without autism. For all children, more task approach/less avoidance was related to children's higher self-evaluation. These findings suggest targeting communication with people outside of the family and personality development as appropriate intervention goals.
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 13-02-2017
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibility that several workplace initiatives could stem the biases of recruiters against people who disclose or demonstrate diagnosed mental disorders. Specifically, in many nations, the level of unemployment in people who experience mental disorders is rife. Arguably, employers exhibit various biases that disadvantage people who disclose or demonstrate mental disorders for ex le, recruiters tend to orient attention to the limitations, instead of the strengths, of job candidates. Because of these various biases, employers may reject applicants who acknowledge or manifest a mental disorder, even if these candidates would have been suitable. To substantiate these premises, the authors analyzed established taxonomies of cognitive biases to identify which of these biases are likely to deter the employment of people with mental disorders. In addition, the authors applied several theories, such as the future self-continuity hypothesis, to uncover a variety of initiatives that could redress these biases in the future. The authors uncovered five constellations of biases in recruiters that could disadvantage in iduals who disclose or demonstrate mental disorders. Fortunately, consistent with the meaning maintenance model and cognate theories, when the vision and strategy of organizations is stable and enduring, these biases diminish, and people who report mental disorders are more likely to be employed. This paper shows that initiatives that promote equality and stability in organizations could diminish stigma against in iduals who experience mental disorders.
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 2020
Publisher: Academy of Management
Date: 08-2017
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-11-2017
Abstract: This study investigated language profiles in a community-based s le of 104 children aged 1–3 years who had been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) diagnostic criteria. Language was assessed with the Mullen scales, Preschool Language Scale, fifth edition, and Vineland-II parent-report. The study aimed to determine whether the receptive-to-expressive language profile is independent from the assessment instrument used, and whether nonverbal cognition, early communicative behaviors, and autism spectrum disorder symptoms predict language scores. Receptive-to-expressive language profiles differed between assessment instruments and reporters, and Preschool Language Scale, fifth edition profiles were also dependent on developmental level. Nonverbal cognition and joint attention significantly predicted receptive language scores, and nonverbal cognition and frequency of vocalizations predicted expressive language scores. These findings support the administration of multiple direct assessment and parent-report instruments when evaluating language in young children with autism spectrum disorder, for both research and in clinical settings. Results also support that joint attention is a useful intervention target for improving receptive language skills in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Future research comparing language profiles of young children with autism spectrum disorder to children with non-autism spectrum disorder developmental delays and typical development will add to our knowledge of early language development in children with autism spectrum disorder.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-08-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-017-3274-2
Abstract: Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at increased risk of suicide compared to the general population. Research has yet to identify the mechanisms underlying this increased risk. This study examined perceived social support as a potential protective factor for depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in 76 adults with ASD. Twenty-five percent of participants were in the clinical range for depression, and 20% reported recent suicidal ideation. Social support in the form of appraisal and belonging was not associated with depression or ideation however the perceived availability of tangible (material) support indirectly acted on ideation through depression. The findings suggest that tangible support, but not appraisal or belonging, may act as an indirect protective factor against suicidality in ASD.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1572744
Abstract: Identifying triggers for challenging behavior is difficult in some children with autism because of their limited communication abilities. Physiological indicators of stress may provide important insights. This study examined whether heart rate (HR) predicts challenging behavior in children with autism. While wearing an electrocardiograph monitor, 41 children with autism aged 2- to 4-years participated in tasks designed to induce low-level stress (e.g. waiting for a snack). Coders identified 106 time periods during which challenging behaviors occurred and also coded 106 randomly selected time s les that did not include challenging behaviors. Thirteen (32%) participants exhibited challenging behaviors and were included in the study. Baseline-corrected HR was computed for each behavior/time s le. On average, children with autism showed a 22 ± 16% HR increase from baseline 58 ± 22 seconds before the onset of a challenging behavior episode. Peak HR change had moderate predictive utility (area under the curve = .72, p < .001). The increase in HR before challenging behaviors was similar for children of different characteristics (age, autism severity, expressive language ability, overall developmental ability). Results highlight the promise of using physiological stress to predict challenging behavior in preschoolers with autism although, they need to be replicated in larger s les. Given recent advances in wearable biosensing, it may be useful to incorporate HR monitoring in autism intervention. Lay summary In children with autism, changes in heart rate (HR) may help us predict when challenging behavior is about to occur - but this hypothesis has not been well studied. In this study, HR increase moderately predicted challenging behavior in preschoolers with autism. Given recent advances in wearable sensors, it may be useful to incorporate HR monitoring in autism intervention.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-019-04153-3
Abstract: We investigated the clinical validity of the BADEC, an abbreviated, five-item version of the Autism Detection in Early Childhood, level-2 screening tool for autism. Initially developed by Nah et al. (2019) using a research s le, the present study replicated Nah et al. (2019) procedures in a clinical population. Using a cutoff score of five, five items were identified as most effective in discriminating children who later received an ASD diagnosis by an interdisciplinary team. This algorithm had improved validity compared to the original research algorithm. Results supported the efficacy of a very brief, easy to administer ASD screening tool in identifying children under three who are likely to have ASD.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-09-2017
DOI: 10.1002/AUR.1872
Abstract: Despite the high frequency of anxiety and depression symptoms in in iduals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and a significant impact of these comorbidities on both in iduals with ASD and their families, research on the validity of anxiety and depression measures in the ASD population is currently lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS Zigmond & Snaith, ] in a s le of older adolescents and young adults with ASD. One hundred and fifty one participants (UK Transition longitudinal study: N = 106 75 males, M Research on the validity of measurement of anxiety and depression in ASD is currently lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the properties of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in a s le of 151 young people with ASD. Participants completed HADS and a range of mental health and well-being measures. Encouragingly, our findings suggest that HADS provides a reliable and valid assessment of anxiety and depression in ASD.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 03-08-2022
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-04-2018
DOI: 10.1002/AUR.1953
Abstract: The present study examined the link between poor self-regulation (measured by the child behavior checklist dysregulated profile [DP]) and core autism symptoms, as well as with developmental level, in a s le of 107 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged 19-46 months. We further examined the utility of DP in predicting in idual differences in adaptive functioning, relative to the influence of ASD severity, chronological age (CA), and developmental level. Poor self-regulation was unrelated to CA, developmental level, and severity of ADOS-2 restricted and repetitive behaviors, but was associated with lower ADOS-2 social affect severity. Hierarchical regression identified poor self-regulation as a unique independent predictor of adaptive behavior, with more severe dysregulation predicting poorer adaptive functioning. Results highlight the importance of early identification of deficits in self-regulation, and more specifically, of the utility of DP, when designing in idually tailored treatments for young children with ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1157-1165. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study explored the relationship between poor self-regulation and age, verbal and non-verbal developmental level, severity of autism symptoms and adaptive functioning in 107 children with autism under 4 years of age. Poor self-regulation was unrelated to age, developmental level, and severity of restricted and repetitive behaviors but was associated with lower social affect severity. Importantly, more severe self-regulation deficits predicted poorer adaptive functioning.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 17-05-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2020
DOI: 10.1002/AUR.2329
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1017/JMO.2019.58
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 11-02-2021
Abstract: Employment can make an important contribution to in idual well-being, for ex le, by providing people with a sense of purpose however, autistic in iduals face significant barriers to entering the workforce. This is reflected in high levels of underemployment and unemployment, with an estimated 80% of autistic people unemployed worldwide. This is higher than both other disability groups and people without disabilities. Research is needed to identify strategies that facilitate the sustained employment of autistic adults. This study aims to examine the perspectives of autistic in iduals participating in a specialized employment program within the information and communication technology sector. Three focus groups were conducted with nine adults on the autism spectrum. Data were analyzed using an inductive approach according to established guidelines, which included coding and categorizing data into themes. Focus group analysis revealed four themes: trainees’ previous work experiences expectations of the employment program recruitment and selection processes and training and transition. Several factors associated with the changes to the recruitment and selection process were found to benefit the autistic employees. Few studies have characterized the work experiences of adults on the autism spectrum. Tailored employment processes that challenge traditional human resource management practices can increase the participation of autistic in iduals in the workforce. Strategies for promoting the success of these programs are discussed.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2010
Abstract: A Spanish translation of the Autism Detection in Early Childhood (ADEC-SP) was administered to 115 children aged 15—73 months in Mexico. In Phase 1, children with Autistic Disorder (AD), a non-Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) diagnosis or typical development were assessed with the ADEC-SP by a clinician blind to the child’s diagnostic status. In Phase 2, a referred s le of children was assessed with the ADEC-SP, Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Autism Diagnostic Interview — Revised (ADI-R) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV), and typically developing children were assessed with the ADEC-SP and CARS. Psychometric properties relating to validity and reliability were addressed. Sensitivity and specificity levels for the ADEC-SP ranged from .79—.94 and .88—1.00 respectively. In a subgroup of toddlers aged 19 to 36 months the ADEC-SP correctly identified 17 of the 18 children with a diagnosis of a PDD, and no child without a PDD diagnosis was misdiagnosed. The ADEC-SP shows promise as a Level 2 screening instrument for use in Mexico.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 16-04-2018
DOI: 10.1002/DA.22759
Abstract: People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are at significantly increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior. Given that social difficulties in ASD often lead to social isolation, which can in turn increase the risk for depression, this study examined loneliness and social support as potential risk and protective factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation. The s le comprised 185 people (92 females) with ASD aged 14 to 80 years who were participating in a national survey. Forty-nine percent of participants returned scores in the clinical range for depression and 36% reported recent suicidal ideation. Females, comprising almost 50% of the s le, returned higher depression scores than males, however no differences were identified between males and females in terms of suicidal ideation. Regression analyses revealed that loneliness, satisfaction with social support, and ASD traits predicted depression scores. Satisfaction with social support predicted suicidal ideation, however, it was no longer a significant predictor after the effects of depression were taken into account. Path analysis showed that ASD trait severity was independently related to depression, that the effect of number of social supports on depression was mediated by loneliness and satisfaction with social support, and that effects of loneliness and satisfaction with social support on suicidal ideation were mediated by depression. The pattern of relationships was nearly identical for males and females. This study supports a model whereby loneliness and social support operate respectively as protective and risk factors for depression and suicidal ideation in ASD.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-02-2023
Publisher: La Trobe
Date: 2021
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 13-10-2022
DOI: 10.1177/13623613221131234
Abstract: The study describes the development and preliminary psychometric validation of the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale-Modified (SIDAS-M), a five-item assessment of suicidal ideation for use with autistic adults. Participants ( n = 102 autistic adults 58% women, 34% men, 8% nonbinary M age = 41.75, SD = 12.89) completed an online survey including the SIDAS-M at Time 1 and participated in follow-up interviews at Time 2 (~111 days later). A single factor solution provided good to excellent fit to the data (comparative fit index = 0.961, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.921 standardized root mean square residual = 0.027), with all items showing good to excellent loadings (0.74–0.91). SIDAS-M total score (ω=.930, bias-corrected and accelerated 95% confidence interval (BCa 95% CI) [.90, .95]) demonstrated good convergent validity, correlating significantly with existing suicide specific (ρ=.442–.698, p .001) and well-being measures (ρ=.325.–.505, p≤.001), and good ergent validity. Logistic regression controlling for age, gender, and relationship status indicated that SIDAS-M scores at Time 1 significantly predicted suicidal behavior at Time 2, β = 0.462, p 0.001, [0.032, 0.068]. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated SIDAS-M has utility discriminating between participants classified at low or above low risk, area under the curve = 0.866, [0.767, 0.966], p 0.001, with a cutoff score ⩾1 providing a potentially useful indicator of increased suicidal risk. Overall, SIDAS-M demonstrated good psychometric properties when used with autistic adults without intellectual disability. Autistic people may be at higher risk of suicidal behavior than people in the general population. Suicidal behavior may include thinking about suicide or attempting to end one’s own life by suicide. It is important to identify autistic people who may be thinking about suicide. People who are at risk of suicidal behavior can be identified by asking questions about whether they have been thinking about suicide. A specially designed questionnaire, or screening instrument, can help someone ask the best questions to find out if someone has been thinking about suicide. This information can help to identify supports to be put in place to prevent suicidal behavior, such as a suicide attempt. However, autistic people may interpret questions differently than non-autistic people. It is important to use screening tools that have been designed with, and for autistic people. In this study, we examined the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS). The SIDAS is an existing tool that was developed to screen for suicidal thinking in the general population. We modified SIDAS for use with autistic adults. We involved autistic people in the process of modifying SIDAS. We called the modified instrument the SIDAS-M. The results of our study showed SIDAS-M may be useful for screening for suicidal thinking in autistic adults who do not have an intellectual disability.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Publisher: Unpublished
Date: 2021
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 25-02-2021
Abstract: Restrictive and Repetitive Behaviors and Interests represent a core feature of autism since the earliest conceptualization of the condition. Related behaviors, such as hoarding and self-injurious behaviors, are under-researched in adulthood, resulting in limited knowledge about their various manifestation through the life span. This study expands our understanding of hoarding and self-injurious behaviors through subjective experiences shared by autistic adults. Ten adults with an autism diagnosis (aged 18–55 years, five females) participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis identified a cluster of behaviors related to hoarding and self-injurious behaviors. Further analysis sub-categorized each theme according to the underlying purpose of the behavior. Hoarding behaviors were motivated by (1) a need for emotional aids, (2) disposing difficulties, and (3) collecting items related to special interests. Reasons for engaging in self-injurious behaviors were (1) an urge for sensory stimulation and (2) emotional regulation purposes. Discussion focuses on the underlying motives of the participants for engaging in these behaviors, in respect to current research knowledge. Relations to the general construct of Restrictive and Repetitive Behaviors and Interests are discussed along with implications for research and practice. Hoarding and self-injurious behaviors are relatively common in autism, but knowledge about their expressions in adulthood is scarce. Through interviews collecting subjective experiences of autistic adults, these behaviors were explored, and categorized to their underlying purposes. Findings portray the occurrence of these behaviors in the lives of autistic adults, their self-regulatory purposes, and their relationship to other behaviors in the domain of Restrictive and Repetitive Behaviors and Interests.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-06-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-019-04084-Z
Abstract: This study examined age trends in anxious and depressive symptoms, from older adolescence to old age, and explored the association between anxious and depressive symptoms with gender, ASD severity, and socio-economic factors. Two hundred and fifty-five in iduals with ASD (151 males, M
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-08-2020
Publisher: Federal State-Financed Educational Institution of Higher Education Moscow State University of Psychology and Education
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.17759/AUTDD.2020180302
Abstract: The current research sought to understand the relationship between job satisfaction and quality of life in employed in iduals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The research focuses on participants involved in a supported employment program for in iduals with ASD, the DXC Technology Dandelion Program. We examined the sustained impact of participating in the supported employment program on quality of life and job satisfaction, via a longitudinal survey of the employees with ASD. Quality of life was assessed with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief, and intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction were assessed with the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (Short Form). Results indicated small but statistically non-significant (using an adjusted significance level of .001) changes in both quality of life and job satisfaction across a 12-month period. Results are discussed in terms of how to further improve the employment program and support employees with ASD.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 22-01-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0245562
Abstract: Suicide is a global health problem affecting both normative and clinical populations. Theoretical models that examine mechanisms underlying suicide risk across heterogeneous s les are needed. The present study explored core characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a sub-population at high risk of suicide, as well as two dimensional cognitive constructs, as potential transdiagnostic predictors of suicidal ideation in a clinically erse s le. Participants ( n = 1851, 62% female) aged 18 to 89 years completed online questionnaires assessing: social communication difficulties insistence on sameness cognitive control and rumination. Forty-three percent of participants reported the presence of at least one neurodevelopmental or neuropsychiatric disorder. One third of the s le reported some suicidal ideation (SI), and 40 percent met the threshold for concern for depression. All hypothesized constructs were associated with SI and depression and, with the exception of rumination, contributed significantly to SI. Participants reporting SI returned significantly higher social communication difficulties and insistence on sameness, and lower levels of cognitive control than those reporting no-SI. The study was limited by the use of a cross-sectional s le assessed with self-report measures. All diagnoses were self-reported and the study was additionally limited by the use of a single item indicator of suicidal ideation. These findings support a role for constructs associated with the ASD phenotype and associated broad cognitive domains as potential risk factors underlying suicidal ideation in a large clinically erse s le. Our findings suggest directions for future longitudinal research studies, along with specific targets for suicide prevention and clinical practice.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-01-2022
DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2021.2017253
Abstract: Using the stereotype content model and behavior from intergroup affect and stereotypes map model, we examined whether stereotype content directed toward specific disabilities conforms to the high warmth/low competence stereotype associated with "disabled people" or whether in idual disabilities, or clusters, would elicit different stereotypes. Participants from the USA rated 12 disabilities on perceived warmth, competence, courage, emotions and behavioral tendencies. All disabilities, except schizophrenia and disability, were rated higher in warmth than competence. Four clusters emerged, varying on relative warmth, competence and courage. Pity was the highest rated emotion, and negative behavioral intentions were generally low. Perceived warmth predicted positive behavioral intentions, but mean ratings suggest actual help might be minimal. Results suggest some uniformity in stereotypes of different disabilities, but some variation in stereotypes indicates the need for targeted interventions to reduce prejudice and discrimination against disabled people.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-08-2011
DOI: 10.1002/AUR.214
Abstract: Although face recognition deficits in in iduals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), including Asperger syndrome (AS), are widely acknowledged, the empirical evidence is mixed. This in part reflects the failure to use standardized and psychometrically sound tests. We contrasted standardized face recognition scores on the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) for 34 in iduals with AS with those for 42, IQ-matched non-ASD in iduals, and age-standardized scores from a large Australian cohort. We also examined the influence of IQ, autistic traits, and negative affect on face recognition performance. Overall, participants with AS performed significantly worse on the CFMT than the non-ASD participants and when evaluated against standardized test norms. However, while 24% of participants with AS presented with severe face recognition impairment (>2 SDs below the mean), many in iduals performed at or above the typical level for their age: 53% scored within +/- 1 SD of the mean and 9% demonstrated superior performance (>1 SD above the mean). Regression analysis provided no evidence that IQ, autistic traits, or negative affect significantly influenced face recognition: diagnostic group membership was the only significant predictor of face recognition performance. In sum, face recognition performance in ASD is on a continuum, but with average levels significantly below non-ASD levels of performance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 22-08-2018
Abstract: In this letter to the editor, we comment on the ‘autism advantage’ – the idea that superior skills associated with autism (e.g. attention to detail) present a talent in employment – an ex le of which is a recent discussion by Austin and Pisano. We welcome advocacy that raises awareness around the strengths and capabilities of people with autism, and also the need to reform human resource management processes that disadvantage them. However, we are concerned that, by highlighting certain stereotypes (e.g. the ‘talented nerd lacking social graces’), the heterogeneity of autism may be overlooked and support needs downplayed. Furthermore, not appreciating in idual differences might result in a misalignment between work-profile and employment, pressure to outperform peers without autism and a failure to appreciate the erse interests of people with autism. We argue that an in idual differences approach will prove more sustainable for improving long-term employment outcomes.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2006
Abstract: The present study investigated the relationship between social comparison processes and depressive symptoms in 36 participants (34 males and two females) aged 10 to 16 years with Asperger syndrome. Participants completed the Social Comparison Scale and the Children’s Depression Inventory. Depressive symptoms were significantly correlated with the SCS ( r = 0.52, p = 0.001), specifically perceived group membership ( r = 0.56, p 0.001). A regression analysis revealed that perceived group membership significantly and independently predicted depression scores (β= 0.56, p = 0.002). It is suggested social comparison is a salient factor related to depressive symptoms in this group, and interventions involving adolescents with AS should therefore address this factor.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-03-2017
DOI: 10.1002/AUR.1763
Abstract: This study explored the relationships between the later age of achievement of early motor milestones, current motor atypicalities (toe walking), and the severity of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) in in iduals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Parents of 147 children and adolescents with ASD (M
Publisher: La Trobe
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.26181/19354496
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-08-2012
DOI: 10.1002/AUR.1246
Abstract: In iduals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) typically show impairment on face recognition tasks. Performance has usually been assessed using overt, explicit recognition tasks. Here, a complementary method involving eye tracking was used to examine implicit face recognition in participants with ASD and in an intelligence quotient-matched non-ASD control group. Differences in eye movement indices between target and foil faces were used as an indicator of implicit face recognition. Explicit face recognition was assessed using old-new discrimination and reaction time measures. Stimuli were faces of studied (target) or unfamiliar (foil) persons. Target images at test were either identical to the images presented at study or altered by changing the lighting, pose, or by masking with visual noise. Participants with ASD performed worse than controls on the explicit recognition task. Eye movement-based measures, however, indicated that implicit recognition may not be affected to the same degree as explicit recognition. Autism Res 2012, 5: 363-379. © 2012 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-09-2021
DOI: 10.1002/AUR.2614
Abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental health and wellbeing of the world's population, with particularly negative effects on vulnerable populations, including autistic people. Although some consensus regarding specific impact on aspects of wellbeing and mental health in autism is starting to emerge, it is unclear whether the pandemic has increased suicide risk. The goals of this study were to examine (a) potential associations between COVID‐19 impact and depression, personal wellbeing, and suicide risk factors in Australian autistic adults and (b) age and gender effects. The COVID‐19 Impact Scale (CIS), Personal Wellbeing Index, Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Suicide Behavior Questionnaire, Revised (SBQ‐R), were administered to 111 autistic adults aged 20 to 71 years during the second wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia. COVID‐19 impact showed small associations with poorer personal wellbeing ( r = −0.224, p = 0.023, [−0.409, −0.016]) and higher depressive symptoms ( r = 0.268, p = 0.006, [0.056, 0.445]) and was not associated with the SBQ‐R suicide risk score ( r = 0.081, p = 0.418, [−0.118, 0.264). No significant effects were identified for age. Although model results were similar for women and men, the strength of the associations between personal wellbeing and depression ( z = −2.16, p = 0.015), and depression and SBQ‐R suicide risk ( z = 1.961, p = 0.025), were stronger in women than in men. Qualitative analysis of an open response question from the CIS suggested that the pandemic had both positive and negative impacts on participants. The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a large impact on the mental health and wellbeing of the world's population, particularly vulnerable populations such as autistic people. It is not known if these impacts on mental health and wellbeing have increased suicide risk. Our findings suggest that the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic may be associated with poorer wellbeing and higher depression, but is not associated with suicide risk. Overall, autistic people reported both positive and negative impacts of the pandemic on their lives.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-12-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S10802-019-00606-6
Abstract: From an early age children help others yet the underlying mechanisms of children's prosocial attention remain understudied. Comparing the attentional and physiological mechanisms of prosocial attention of typically developing and atypically developing children contributes to our understanding of the ontogeny of prosocial development. We presented typically developing (TD) children and children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), who often have difficulty developing prosocial behaviour, with scenarios in which an adult needed a dropped object to finish a task but was subsequently not helped by a second adult. In a perceptually matched non-social control scenario, children saw self-propelled objects move and drop without any adult present in the scene. Results showed a dissociation between arousal (pupil dilation) and the anticipation of the in idual's need (gaze patterns), such that only TD children looked longer at the correct solution to the adult's need prior to the resolution of the situation. In contrast, following the resolution of the scene, both groups showed greater arousal when the adult was not helped compared to when the non-social situation remained unresolved. For the ASD group, this effect was greatest for children with higher developmental quotients. These results suggest that, despite similarities in prosocial attention between TD and ASD children, previously documented reduced prosocial behaviour in children with ASD may be in part due to a specific impairment in anticipating prosocial behaviour.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 05-01-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FPSYT.2022.1079371
Abstract: Receiving a child's autism diagnosis can be stressful as such, parent resolution contributes to the wellbeing and development of healthy parent-child relationships. In other significant childhood diagnoses (e.g., cerebral palsy, diabetes), the degree to which parents adjust to (a) their child's diagnosis and (b) their changes in expectations concerning their child's development and capacity (referred to as resolution to diagnosis), has been associated with improved outcomes including facilitating parent-child relationships and improved parental wellbeing. Given potential benefits to parent and child, and the heterogenous nature of autism, examining the unique factors associated with resolution to diagnosis is important. In this systematic review we identified factors that support or inhibit parental resolution to their child receiving a diagnosis of autism. We completed a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines of peer-reviewed studies from 2017 to 2022, that investigated parental resolution or acceptance of an autism diagnosis. Papers including “acceptance” needed to encompass both accepting the diagnosis and the implications regarding the child's abilities. We searched six databases (Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ProQuest), with additional papers located following review of reference lists. Fourteen papers with 592 participants that investigated parental resolution or acceptance of an autism diagnosis, were included. We identified six common factors that facilitate or inhibit parental resolution and acceptance of an autism diagnosis including: symptom severity religion, belief, and culture knowledge and uncertainty negative emotions (i.e., denial, shame, guilt) positive emotions and support. Greater resolution was associated with improved “attunement and insightfulness” in the parent-child relationship. The review was limited by the small number of studies meeting inclusion criteria. Second, the quality of included studies was mixed, with over half of the studies being qualitative and only one randomized control trial (RCT) identified. Parental resolution can have an impact on parent's perception of their child's capabilities and impact the parent-child relationship. We identified six categories that aid in inhibiting or promoting resolution to diagnosis. Despite taking a broad approach on the definition of resolution, the low number of studies identified in the review indicates a need for more research in this area. www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ , PROSPERO [ID: CRD42022336283].
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-11-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-022-05823-5
Abstract: People on the autism spectrum can learn about autism from various sources, likely differing in the information, portrayal, and discussion they offer. The present study investigates where autistic people learn about autism, and whether their information source is associated with their level of autism knowledge, perceptions of stigma, and development and expression of an autism identity. A survey of 198 Australian adults with an autism diagnosis showed that learning about autism from conventional sources (e.g., professionals, parents) was associated with more internalised stigma, lower endorsement of special abilities and autism identity, whereas online blogs and social media showed the opposite pattern as well as more accurate knowledge of autism. The findings raise questions about how authoritative sources of information discuss autism.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 18-08-2017
Abstract: In iduals with autism spectrum disorder face significant challenges entering the workforce yet research in this area is limited and the issues are poorly understood. In this systematic review, empirical peer-reviewed studies on employment programmes, interventions and employment-related outcomes in in iduals with autism spectrum disorder over 18 years with and without intellectual disability were identified and evaluated. The review was prefaced by a summary of previous systematic reviews in the area. Web of Science, Medline, PsychINFO, ERIC and Scopus databases were systematically searched through to October 2015. From 32,829 records identified in the initial search, 10 review and 50 empirical articles, comprising N = 58,134 in iduals with autism spectrum disorder, were included in the review. Selected articles were organised into the following themes: employment experiences, employment as a primary outcome, development of workplace skills, non-employment-related outcomes, assessment instruments, employer-focused and economic impact. Empirical studies were limited by poor participant characterisation, small s le size and/or a lack of randomisation and use of appropriate controls. Poor conceptualisation and measurement of outcomes significantly limited study quality and interpretation. Future research will require a multidisciplinary and multifaceted approach to explore employment outcomes on the in idual, the family system, co-workers and the employer, along with the impact of in idual differences on outcome.
Publisher: La Trobe
Date: 2021
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-03-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-015-2398-5
Abstract: The Autism Detection in Early Childhood (ADEC) is a brief, play-based screening tool for the assessment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children aged 12-36 months. We examined the psychometric properties of the ADEC in a clinical s le of toddlers (n = 114) referred to a US pediatric hospital for assessment due to concerns of developmental delay or ASD. The ADEC (cutoff = 11) returned good sensitivity (.93-.94) but poorer specificity (.62-.64) for best estimate clinical diagnosis of ASD, and compared favorably with the ADOS-2. Internal consistency was acceptable, α = .80, and inter-rater reliability was high, ICC = .95. Results support the use of the ADEC as a clinical screen for ASD.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-021-04978-X
Abstract: The Aut-Eat Questionnaire (AEQ) provides a novel and comprehensive assessment of eating problems and patterns in children with ASD. To establish the internal consistency and discriminant validity of the AEQ, parents of children with ASD (n = 105, M
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 16-02-2023
DOI: 10.1177/13623613231153480
Abstract: Autistic people face many challenges entering the workforce, for ex le, during job interviews where performance is reliant on particular social skills. To be competitive during job interviews, autistic people may experience pressure to conceal or ‘camouflage’ their autistic traits and behaviour. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to explore the job interview experiences of 10 autistic people. Based on the literature, we were curious as to whether participants would report behaviour consistent with the camouflaging hypothesis. Thematic analysis identified six themes reflecting in idual and environmental factors. Participants reported engaging in camouflaging behaviour during job interviews, with external factors (e.g. avoid being treated differently) cited as the primary reason. Participants reported that camouflaging required effort, leading to stress, anxiety, exhaustion and feeling ‘burnt out’. They expressed a desire for an inclusive, understanding and accommodating environment where they would feel more comfortable disclosing their diagnosis without feeling they needed to conceal their autistic traits and behaviour. These preliminary findings add to the current literature regarding autism, camouflaging and employment. When applying for a job, autistic job candidates are likely to face a number of challenges. Job interviews are one of these challenges – they require communicating and relationship-building with unfamiliar people and involve expectations about behaviour (that may vary between companies and are not made clear to job candidates). Given autistic people communicate differently to non-autistic people, autistic job candidates may be disadvantaged in the interview process. Autistic candidates may not feel comfortable or safe sharing with organisations their autistic identity and may feel pressure to hide any characteristics or behaviour they feel might indicate they are autistic. To explore this issue, we interviewed 10 autistic adults about their job interview experiences in Australia. We analysed the content of the interviews and found three themes that related to the in idual person and three themes that related to environmental factors. Participants told us that they engaged in camouflaging behaviour during job interviews, feeling pressure to conceal aspects of themselves. Those who camouflaged during job interviews reported that it took a lot of effort, which resulted in increased stress, anxiety and exhaustion. The autistic adults we spoke to reported a need for inclusive, understanding and accommodating employers to help them feel more comfortable disclosing their autism diagnosis in the job application process. These findings add to current research that has explored camouflaging behaviour and barriers to employment for autistic people.
Publisher: La Trobe
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.26181/19690432
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2013
Publisher: La Trobe
Date: 2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-02-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-01-2019
DOI: 10.1002/AUR.2064
Abstract: People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) commonly experience poor outcomes in adulthood. Previous research on adult outcomes has focused on negative aspects of health and well-being, while positive well-being remains understudied. The current study charted 12-month change in daily living skills, job satisfaction, depression, anxiety, and positive well-being in 36 (32 male) newly employed adults with ASD aged 18 to 57 years who were participating in a supported employment program. There was a small increase in daily living skills, and a slight decrease in job satisfaction, with all other measures remaining stable over time. Regression analyses revealed that, controlling for baseline depression, positive well-being negatively predicted depression at follow-up. No significant predictors of anxiety were identified. Social support and depression at baseline were associated with positive well-being at follow-up however, they were no longer significant predictors after the effects of baseline positive well-being were taken into account. The findings provide evidence that positive well-being may buffer against depression in people with ASD. Our finding of stability of mental health and well-being measures over time indicates more research is required to uncover the mechanisms underpinning mental health and well-being outcomes in employed adults with ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 482-494 © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: People with autism commonly experience poor outcomes in adulthood. We studied mental health and well-being in newly employed adults with autism who were participating in a supported employment program. Apart from a slight increase in daily living skills and a slight decrease in job satisfaction, other measures of mental health and well-being remained stable over time. Our findings suggest that positive well-being may protect against symptoms of depression in people with autism.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-11-2022
DOI: 10.5694/MJA2.51359
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-05-2021
DOI: 10.1177/13623613211012880
Abstract: Although employees’ attitudes towards an autism employment programme may impact its ultimate success, there is limited research examining the implementation of these programmes from the perspective of non-autistic employees (i.e. co-workers and managers). This study explored the implementation of an Australian-based supported autism employment programme, drawing on qualitative data collected from 32 employees working with autistic trainees in the programme. Thematic analysis revealed three main themes. The programme benefits theme suggested that the employment programme and autistic trainees were generally viewed positively, with the programme benefitting both the trainees and the organisation, and leading to greater understanding of autism. However, negative attitudes and perceptions of special treatment contributed to programme challenges, which paralleled challenges that have been observed with other disability and ersity programmes. The design of this specific programme led to concerns about workforce integration, such as reduced opportunity for social and work integration into the broader workplace. This research extends the research on ersity management in the context of autism employment and provides practical insights into barriers and facilitators associated with implementing autism employment programmes. We asked 32 employees who work alongside autistic trainees for their thoughts about the autism employment programme that is running in their company. Specifically, we analysed their responses to understand how the employees perceived the autism employment programme’s implementation and outcomes. How employees within an organisation view ersity, and the nature of specific programmes to increase the inclusion of certain groups of in iduals (e.g. autistic employees) in their organisation, can impact the success of these programmes. Research in other organisations has suggested that ersity perspectives that fully support the inclusion of people with erse backgrounds in the organisation lead to better outcomes. Thematic analysis of the responses in this study revealed that the views of the employees fit three main themes: programme benefits, programme challenges and concerns about workforce integration. The programme benefits theme suggested that the autism employment programme was viewed positively. However, negative attitudes and perceptions of special treatment contributed to programme challenges, which were similar to challenges that have been observed with other disability and ersity programmes. The design of this specific programme led to concerns about workforce integration, such as reduced opportunity for social and work integration into the broader workplace. This research extends the research on ersity management in the context of autism employment, and it provides practical understanding into ways in which organisational-based autism employment programmes are more and less successful.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-04-2017
Abstract: To improve employment outcomes for adults with autism spectrum disorder, it is necessary to identify factors associated with successful transition to work from the perspectives of the in idual and from those who work with or support them. This study involved focus groups with adults with autism spectrum disorder ( n = 9) participating in a 3-year employment and training programme, as well as focus groups with family members ( n = 6), support staff ( n = 7) and co-workers ( n = 6). The aim was to gain better understanding of the experience of transition to work, barriers and also the factors that promote workplace success. Main themes included factors that facilitated success at work ( Enablers), barriers to success ( Challenges) and programme outcomes ( Outcomes). Organisation support, advice from co-workers, supportive leadership, allowance of environmental modifications and presence of a consultant were identified as enablers that most facilitated success at work. Challenges included task-related difficulties, in idual factors, social difficulties and distractibility, not managing work-related stress, and being perceived to be too frank. Outcomes were rated as positive and encompassed work-related outcomes, as well as outcomes related to sense of purpose, achieving personal independence and improvements in social relationships, both with work colleagues and within families.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-05-2020
DOI: 10.1002/CL2.1086
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 13-12-2022
DOI: 10.1177/13623613221142383
Abstract: Prior research has studied preferences for identity- or person-first language among persons with an autism diagnosis. The current study differs from this previous body of research by specifically examining quantitative predictors of language preferences through a social identity theoretical approach, thereby leading to a better understanding of psychological and social factors that might underlie language use and preference within the autistic community. Australian adults with an autism diagnosis ( N = 198) completed the measures of autism knowledge, internalised stigma, and autism identity to determine whether these factors predict language preference. Results indicated a stronger autism identity was associated with a preference for identity-first terms (autistic/autistic person) and finding these less offensive. Contrastingly, stigma was associated with finding identity-first language less favourable and more offensive. Person-first terms (e.g. person with autism) were not associated with any of the predictors. Together, these findings suggest decision-making around identity-first language is influenced by a strong sense of autistic identity and experiences of stigma. There is ongoing discussion around what language is acceptable when talking about someone with an autism diagnosis, especially regarding person-first (e.g. person with autism) or identity-first (e.g. autistic person) language. We asked 198 Australian adults with an autism diagnosis what terminology they prefer and what they find offensive. We also asked questions to understand their experience of stigma, their autism knowledge and how much they endorse an autism identity, to investigate if these factors were associated with their language preferences. Overall, there was no significant association between these three factors and person-first terminology. For identity-first terms, those who endorse a stronger autism identity tended to find identity-first terms more preferable and less offensive, whereas those who reported greater experiences and internalisation of stigma tended to find identity-first terms less preferable and more offensive. Previous research has tended to ask what language participants prefer. The findings of this work help provide some context as to why people prefer or find offensive specific terms, at least for identity-first language.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2021
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 15-11-2019
Publisher: Academy of Management
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 20-11-2018
Abstract: To enhance their innovation and reputation, many organizations introduce programs that are intended to attract, retain and support erse communities. Yet, these programs are often unsuccessful, partly because explicit references to ersity tend to evoke defensive reactions in employees from the dominant culture. To circumvent this problem, the purpose of this paper is to explore the hypothesis that in iduals tend to be more receptive to ersity whenever they experience meaning in life. Furthermore, four workplace characteristics – informational justice, a manageable workload, equality in status and a compelling vision of the future – should foster this meaning in life. To assess these possibilities, 177 employees completed a survey that assessed workplace practices, meaning in life and openness to ersity. The results showed that informational justice, a manageable workload and a compelling vision were positively associated with openness to other cultures, constituencies and perspectives, and these relationships were partly or wholly mediated by meaning in life. These findings imply that leaders might be able to foster an openness to ersity, but without explicit references to this ersity, circumventing the likelihood of defensive reactions. Specifically, a program that simultaneously encourages transparent communication, diminishes workload and clarifies the vision or aspirations of the future may represent an inexpensive but powerful means to foster an openness to ersity.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-09-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-022-05762-1
Abstract: The efficacy of the Australian Disability Employment Services (DES) for autistic jobseekers has not been examined and is currently undergoing Government reform. To help inform the new DES strategy, we sought the views of: 24 autistic in iduals seven family members of autistic in iduals, and 46 DES employees. Data were collected using surveys and interviews. Data were analysed using Mann Whitney tests plus deductive thematic analysis based on Nicholas and colleagues’ ecosystems model. Participants highlighted a need to adapt existing policies to enhance flexibility of the DES model. There was participant consensus that DES staff require specific education and training to meet the needs of autistic people. Suggestions to inform the new model of DES for autistic people are made.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-03-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-016-2766-9
Abstract: The study examined the confidence accuracy relationship, and the influence of child characteristics on clinician confidence, when predicting a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder during screening of 125 referred children aged under 3.5 years. The diagnostic process included observation, interview, language and developmental testing. Clinical judgement accuracy was compared against final diagnosis for high and low confidence levels (with confidence assessed on a 0-100 % scale). We identified a significant CA relationship with predictive accuracy highest at confidence levels of 90-100 %. Parent report of unusual behaviors was the only significant independent predictor of confidence. Clinicians' confidence may be important when evaluating decisions to refer, or not to refer, children for further diagnostic assessment.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2022
DOI: 10.1177/13623613221138643
Abstract: We present a cost-benefit analysis of an Australian Government sponsored 3-year supported employment program for autistic adults—the DXC Dandelion Program—in the information and communications technology sector. We explored the range of direct costs associated with running the program, benefits to participants, and avoided costs to the government. Estimates were based on data from 56 (86% men M age = 25.28, standard deviation [SD] = 8.36 years) autistic participants in the program. The program generated a high benefit ratio for government, mainly driven by increases in wage rates and hours worked and avoiding welfare and unemployment benefit payments. Participants received the largest benefit through wages and access to the labor market, with most participants transitioning into productive, open employment following program completion. The results from the model are robust the benefit ratio remained above 1.0 even when higher discount rates were applied. In sum, our analysis identifies potential economic savings associated with supported employment programs that provide pathways for otherwise unemployed or under-employed autistic adults to enter the workforce. Relative to the size of the population, there are fewer autistic people than non-autistic people in the workforce. Employment programs that provide extra support to autistic people may help them to gain and keep jobs that are suited to their skills and expertise. In this study, we reviewed the DXC Dandelion Program. This is a supported autism employment program run in partnership with the Australian Government. The program provided jobs to autistic people who worked in information and communications technology roles, such as software testing and cyber security. In this study, we examined some of the benefits of the program for the autistic people who participated in it. We also examined the benefits of the program to the government. We found that there are many savings to government when autistic people are employed in jobs that are matched to their skills and abilities, compared to being unemployed or working in jobs that are below their level of education, training, or skills.
Start Date: 06-2022
End Date: 05-2025
Amount: $427,837.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity