ORCID Profile
0000-0002-0061-5115
Current Organisation
University of Adelaide
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1987
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1999
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00050-1
Abstract: The antipicornaviral activity of an ethanolic extract of the green aerial parts of the Australian plant Pterocaulon sphacelatum (Labill.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex F. Muell. has been investigated. This plant has been a favoured traditional medicine, used for the treatment of colds by the Australian Aboriginal people. Antiviral activity-guided fractionation of the extract of P. sphacelatum using an inhibition of poliovirus-induced cytopathic effect assay, has yielded the antiviral flavonoid chrysosplenol C (3,7,3'-trimethoxy-5,6,4'-trihydroxyflavone). This compound is a 4'-hydroxy-3-methoxyflavone, one of a group of compounds known to be potent and specific inhibitors of picornaviral replication. These compounds inhibit the replication of rhinoviruses, the most frequent causative agent of the common cold. The coumarin 6,7,8-trimethoxycoumarin was also isolated from the ethanolic extract.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2001
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 11-2001
DOI: 10.1021/JO001599O
Abstract: The bulky stabilized ylides (2a-d) react with a range of 1,2-dioxines (1a-d) to afford the ersely functionalized cyclopropanes 7 in excellent yield and diastereomeric excess. This is in direct contrast to the situation when nonbulky ester ylides are utilized which results in a completely different cyclopropyl series. Through a combination of isolation, spectroscopic, temperature, and deuterium and additive effects studies, the mechanism of cyclopropane formation from this second pathway can be proposed. Importantly, enolate quenching of the intermediate 1-2lambda(5)-oxaphospholanes 4 prior to collapse results in an equilibrium mixture of intermediates 10 and 11 which have been fully characterized, and their formation is primarily a result of the steric bulk of the stabilized ester ylide. These intermediates (10/11) then collapse further and result in formation of the observed closely related cyclopropyl stereoisomers 7 and 8. Moreover, the addition of LiBr to these reactions allows for the control of which of the two possible cyclopropanation pathways will be dominant. Finally, optimal protocols that demonstrate the potential of this new cyclopropanation methodology for the ready construction of closely related cyclopropyl stereoisomers are presented.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1994
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.1155/MBD.1999.31
Abstract: The preparation and full NMR ( H 1 , C 13 and P 31 ) characterisation of three R 3 PAu (2mba) complexes, Where R = Et, Ph and Cy, and 2mba is the anion derived from 2-mercaptobenzoic acid is reported. An interesting solvent dependence in the 1 H spectra is rationalised in terms of competing intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding. An X-ray analysis of the [ Ph 3 PAu ( 2mba ) ] species reveals a linear P—Au—S arrangement and association in the lattice via the familar carboxylic acid dimer motif. The in Vitro cytotoxicity against seven human tumout lines is also described. The complexes display moderate to very high activity. Particularly noteworthy is their greater activity against the H226 cell line (non-small cell lung cancer) compared with that displayed by a range of cytotoxic drugs.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.BMCL.2005.09.073
Abstract: In recent work, we have been developing 2-aminoquinolines as ligands for Src Homology 3 (SH3) domains, so far the only reported ex les of small-molecule ligands for these domains. In this paper, we report the synthesis of a series of N-benzylated-2-aminoquinolines by reductive amination of aryl aldehydes with 2-aminoquinoline. These ligands bound the SH3 domain with ca. one and a half to twofold reduced affinity relative to 2-aminoquinoline however, some evidence was found to suggest that the benzylic substituents made new contacts with the SH3 domain surface. These results provide useful SAR information that may assist in future ligand design.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1039/B101756J
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9CC02060H
Abstract: The monooxygenase, CYP101B1, selectively hydroxylates undistinct methylene C–H bonds in medium to large cycloalkyl rings and can generate oxabicycloundecanol derivatives.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-02-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2001
DOI: 10.1016/S0166-3542(01)00125-5
Abstract: Chrysophanic acid (1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone), isolated from the Australian Aboriginal medicinal plant Dianella longifolia, has been found to inhibit the replication of poliovirus types 2 and 3 (Picornaviridae) in vitro. The compound inhibited poliovirus-induced cytopathic effects in BGM (Buffalo green monkey) kidney cells at a 50% effective concentration of 0.21 and 0.02 microgram/ml for poliovirus types 2 and 3, respectively. The compound inhibited an early stage in the viral replication cycle, but did not have an irreversible virucidal effect on poliovirus particles. Chrysophanic acid did not have significant antiviral activity against five other viruses tested: Coxsackievirus types A21 and B4, human rhinovirus type 2 (Picornaviridae), and the enveloped viruses Ross River virus (Togaviridae) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (Herpesviridae). Four structurally-related anthraquinones--rhein, 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone, emodin and aloe-emodin were also tested for activity against poliovirus type 3. None of the four compounds was as active as chrysophanic acid against the virus. The results suggested that two hydrophobic positions on the chrysophanic acid molecule (C-6 and the methyl group attached to C-3) were important for the compound's activity against poliovirus.
Publisher: American Chemical Society
Date: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCHROMB.2005.12.046
Abstract: Effective use of the antianginal agent perhexiline is difficult because saturable metabolism by the polymorphic cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) isoform produces elevated plasma perhexiline concentrations that have been associated with serious hepatic and neurological toxicity. Perhexiline is marketed for therapeutic use as a racemate and there is evidence for differences in the disposition of its enantiomers. The current study describes an enantioselective HPLC-fluorescent method utilising pre-column derivatization with (R)-(-)-1-(1-napthyl)ethyl isocyanate. Following derivatization, the enantiomers are resolved on a C18 column with gradient elution using a mobile phase composed of methanol and water. The method described is suitable for the quantification of (+)- and (-)-perhexiline in human plasma following clinical doses and demonstrates sufficient sensitivity, accuracy and precision between 0.01 and 2.00 mg/l for each enantiomer, with intra-assay coefficients of variation and bias <20% at 0.01 mg/l and <10% at 2.00 mg/l, and inter-assay coefficients of variation and biases <15% at 0.03 mg/l and <10% at 0.40 and 0.75 mg/l. The application of this method to plasma s les collected from a patient treated with perhexiline revealed that (+)-perhexiline concentrations were higher than (-)-perhexiline concentrations, confirming the stereoselective disposition of perhexiline. The current study describes an enantioselective method that utilises pre-column formation of fluorescent diastereomers that are resolved on a C18 HPLC column using a gradient of methanol and water.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-07-2014
DOI: 10.1021/ED400835H
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/CH02202
Abstract: The complexation of Zn2+ by hydroxyethyl- and bis(hydroxyethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane ((2) and (3)) in aqueous solution at 298.2 K and I = 0.10 mol dm−3 (NaNO3) is characterized by log(K/dm3 mol−1) = 10.45 ± 0.05 and 11.32 ± 0.02 and a deprotonation assigned to coordinated water is characterized by pKa = 8.87 ± 0.11 and 8.50 ± 0.03, respectively. For the analogous Cd2+ complexes log(K/dm3 mol−1) = 8.74 ± 0.02 and 9.79 ± 0.02, respectively, and no deprotonation of coordinated water is detected. The synthesis of (2) is described.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 2001
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-10-2001
DOI: 10.1002/1522-2675(20011017)84:10<3197::AID-HLCA3197>3.0.CO;2-S
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
Date: 11-2002
DOI: 10.1142/S1088424602000798
Abstract: A modification of the Barton-Zard pyrrole synthesis involving condensation of isocyanoacetate esters with cyclic unsaturated sulfones using sodium hydride as base is demonstrated for the construction of annulated pyrroles.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1039/B408796H
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1039/B504498G
Abstract: The Src homology 3 (SH3) domains are small protein-protein interaction domains that mediate a range of important biological processes and are considered valuable targets for the development of therapeutic agents. We have been developing 2-aminoquinolines as ligands for SH3 domains--so far the only reported ex les of entirely small-molecule ligands for the SH3 domains. The highest affinity 2-aminoquinolines so far identified are 6-substituted compounds. In this article, the synthesis of several new 2-aminoquinolines, including 5-, 6- and 7-substituted compounds, for Tec SH3 domain ligand binding studies is presented. As a part of the synthetic investigation, the utility of different methods for the synthesis of 2-aminoquinolines was explored and potentially powerful methods were identified for the synthesis of 2-aminoquinolines with erse functionality. Of the compounds prepared, the 5-substituted-2-aminoquinolines generally bound with similar affinities to unsubstituted 2-aminoquinoline, whilst the 7-substituted compounds generally bound with similar or lower affinity than unsubstituted 2-aminoquinoline. However, the 6-substituted-2-aminoquinolines generally bound with significantly higher affinity than unsubstituted 2-aminoquinoline. In addition, one 6-substituted-N-benzylated-2-aminoquinoline was also tested for SH3 binding and some evidence for the formation of additional contacts at other regions of the SH3 domain was found. These results provide new and useful SAR information that should greatly assist with the challenge of developing high affinity small-molecule ligands for the SH3 domains.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 29-09-2004
DOI: 10.1021/JM049533Z
Abstract: The Src Homology 3 (SH3) domains are small protein-protein interaction domains that bind proline-rich sequences and mediate a wide range of cell-signaling and other important biological processes. Since deregulated signaling pathways form the basis of many human diseases, the SH3 domains have been attractive targets for novel therapeutics. High-affinity ligands for SH3 domains have been designed however, these have all been peptide-based and no ex les of entirely nonpeptide SH3 ligands have previously been reported. Using the mouse Tec Kinase SH3 domain as a model system for structure-based ligand design, we have identified several simple heterocyclic compounds that selectively bind to the Tec SH3 domain. Using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift perturbation, structure-activity relationships, and site-directed mutagenesis, the binding of these compounds at the proline-rich peptide-binding site has been characterized. The most potent of these, 2-aminoquinoline, bound with Kd = 125 microM and was able to compete for binding with a proline-rich peptide. Synthesis of 6-substituted-2-aminoquinolines resulted in ligands with up to 6-fold improved affinity over 2-aminoquinoline and enhanced specificity for the Tec SH3 domain. Therefore, 2-aminoquinolines may potentially be useful for the development of high affinity small molecule ligands for SH3 domains.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.1039/A809981B
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 1991
DOI: 10.1039/C39910001567
Publisher: American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET)
Date: 19-02-2004
DOI: 10.1124/MOL.65.3.655
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 11-2002
DOI: 10.1142/S1088424602000816
Abstract: An investigation of the reactions of metallo-5-nitro-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrins with Grignard reagents, benzyl oxide, phenoxide and benzenethiolate nucleophiles shows that, except for benzenethiolate reactions, they are less efficient than related reactions of metallo-2-nitro-5,10,15,20-tetraarylporphyrins. Treatment of free-base and nickel(II) 5-nitro-octaethylporphyrin with the “soft” nucleophile benzenethiolate in DMF affords the corresponding 5-phenylthioporphyrins in 61 and 72% yield, respectively, by ipso-substitution of the nitro group. In contrast, with methylmagnesium iodide and benzyl oxide, “hard” nucleophiles, attack is at the diagonally opposite 15-position of the ring to give 15-substituted 5-nitroporphyrin while with phenoxide and more substituted Grignard reagents, electron-transfer reactions lead to denitration to (metallo)-octaethylporphyrin or reduction to the corresponding 5-aminoporphyrin. The lower efficiency of the latter reactions, compared to those on 2-nitro-tetraarylporphyrin analogues, is a consequence of two factors, higher energies being required for initial nucleophilic attack as macrocyclic aromaticity is lost in intermediates and the susceptibility of the resultant “non-aromatic” intermediates to further attack.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1039/P19960000661
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-02-2007
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.2945
Abstract: The antihypertensive drug hydralazine blocks acrolein-mediated toxicity by trapping both free aldehyde- and acrolein-adducted proteins, with the latter property more closely related to cytoprotection in cellular models. Here we report the identification of products from 'protein adduct-trapping' reactions using electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Reaction of a 13-residue peptide containing a single lysine with acrolein for 30 min generated ions corresponding to mono- and bis-Michael-adducted peptides. An ion corresponding to a cyclic species formed from bis-adducted lysine was conspicuous at later times (60, 180 min). Tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analysis revealed Michael adduction also occurred on the N-terminus, with a novel N-terminal (3-formyl-3,4-dehydropiperidino) species formed on this residue. Addition of hydralazine to acrolein-adducted peptides generated a erse range of hydrazones that were also characterised by MS/MS analysis. The results confirm that mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for characterising the reactions of noxious electrophiles with biological macromolecules.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 1996
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2002
DOI: 10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00287-1
Abstract: Elevated levels of reactive alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes (e.g. malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal and acrolein) in the affected tissues of various degenerative conditions suggest these substances are active propagators of the disease process. One experimental approach to attenuating damage by these intermediates employs 'aldehyde-sequestering drugs' as sacrificial nucleophiles, thereby sparing cell macromolecules and perhaps slowing disease progression. Drugs with demonstrated trapping activity toward lipid-derived aldehydes include various amine compounds such as aminoguanidine, carnosine and pyridoxamine. We have focused on identifying scavengers of acrolein, perhaps the most toxic aldehyde formed during lipid peroxidation cascades. Various phthalazine compounds (hydralazine and dihydralazine) were found to trap acrolein readily, forming hydrazone derivatives in a rapid Schiff-type reaction. These compounds strongly protect against acrolein-mediated toxicity in isolated hepatocytes.
Publisher: American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET)
Date: 06-05-2001
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 08-1996
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 06-1996
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2005
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 1991
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 1993
DOI: 10.1039/P19930002317
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/CH07348
Abstract: Acylation of 1,3,5-tribenzyloxybenzene with alkoxy-substituted phenylpropioloyl chlorides provides the corresponding aryl alkoxylarylalkynyl ketones in which one of the benzyl groups has been removed. Cyclization of these phenolic ketones using basic reagents (potassium carbonate in acetone is best) provides the corresponding aurone system. When the phenolic group of the alkynyl ketones is protected as the t-butyldimethylsilyl ether followed by cyclization, using 18-crown-6 and potassium fluoride, mixtures of the corresponding aurones and flavones are produced. A by-product from the formation of the ketones is the corresponding β-chlorochalcone, which can also be cyclized to an aurone product using basic conditions. Similarly, the t-butyldimethylsilyl ethers of the HCl adducts can also be cyclized to a mixture of the corresponding aurones and flavones.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-10-2005
DOI: 10.1021/TX0502387
Abstract: Acrolein is a highly toxic environmental pollutant that readily alkylates the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in proteins. In model systems, such chemistry involves sequential addition of two acrolein molecules to a given nitrogen, forming bis-Michael-adducted species that undergo aldol condensation and dehydration to form Nepsilon-(3-formyl-3,4-dehydropiperidino)lysine. Whether this ability to form cyclic adducts participates in the toxicity of acrolein is unknown. To address this issue, we compared the chemistry of protein adduction by acrolein to that of its close structural analogue methyl vinyl ketone, expecting that the alpha-methyl group would hinder the intramolecular cyclization of any bis-adducted species formed by methyl vinyl ketone. Both acrolein and methyl vinyl ketone displayed comparable protein carbonylating activity during in vitro studies with the model protein bovine serum albumin, confirming the alpha,beta,-unsaturated bond of both compounds is an efficient Michael acceptor for protein nucleophiles. However, differences in adduction chemistry became apparent during the use of electrospray ionization-MS to monitor reaction products in a lysine-containing peptide after modification by each compound. For ex le, although a Schiff base adduct was detected following reaction of the peptide with acrolein, an analogous species was not formed by methyl vinyl ketone. Furthermore, while ions corresponding to mono- and bis-Michael adducts were detected at the N-terminus and lysine residues following peptide modification by both carbonyls, only acrolein modification generated ions attributable to cyclic adducts. Despite these differences in adduction chemistry, in mouse hepatocytes, the two compounds exhibited very comparable abilities to induce rapid, concentration-dependent cell death as well as protein carbonylation. These findings suggest that the acute toxicity of short-chain alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds involves their ability to form acyclic Michael addition adducts rather than Schiff conjugates or heterocyclic adducts.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-09-2003
DOI: 10.1021/TX0341106
Abstract: The toxic alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde acrolein readily attacks proteins, generating adducts at cysteine, histidine, and lysine residues. In this study, rabbit antiserum was raised against acrolein-modified keyhole limpet hemocyanin in the expectation that it would allow immunodetection of adducted proteins in biological s les. Using slot-blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, the antiserum detected acrolein-modified protein with high sensitivity and specificity. Adduct immunodetection was strongly inhibited by acrolein-modified polylysine but not polyhistidine. Efforts to develop a Western blotting method for detecting adducted proteins in cell lysates were h ered by irreproducible outcomes, evidently due to adduct instability during SDS-PAGE. Indeed, adducts generated via brief exposure of a model protein to acrolein displayed pH- and concentration-dependent instability to tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris), a nucleophilic buffer used in protein electrophoresis. The effect was most striking when Tris solutions were buffered to pH 8.0 and higher. In contrast, adducts formed during extended exposure to acrolein (> or =60 min) were completely stable to Tris. The time dependence of susceptibility raised the possibility that Tris interfered with specific steps in lysine modification, which involves stepwise Michael addition of two molecules of acrolein to the same residue, followed by condensation and dehydration to form a heterocyclic adduct, N(epsilon)-(3-formyl-3,4-dehydropiperidino)lysine. We hypothesize that carbonyl-retaining Michael adducts may react with Tris by forming imines with the primary amine of the buffer. Consistent with this idea, triethanolamine, a tertiary amine buffer unable to form imines, had no effect on acrolein-adducted protein. These effects of Tris may explain difficulties in the detection of acrolein-adducted proteins during conventional Western blotting procedures.
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 06-04-2001
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1071/CH23137
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2000
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-03-2011
DOI: 10.1021/NP100701S
Abstract: Four new benzoyl ester clerodane diterpenoids, 15,16-epoxy-8α-(benzoyloxy)methylcleroda-3,13(16),14-trien-18-oic acid (1), 15,16-epoxy-8α-(benzoyloxy)methyl-2α-hydroxycleroda-3,13(16),14-trien-18-oic acid (2), 15,16-epoxy-8α-(benzoyloxy)methyl-2-oxocleroda-3,13(16),14-trien-18-oic acid (3), and 15,16-epoxy-2α-benzoyloxycleroda-3,13(16),14-trien-18-oic acid (4), have been isolated from the leaves and stems of Dodonaea polyandra. The anti-inflammatory activities of compounds 1, 2, and 4 were evaluated by means of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema. Compounds 2 and 4 exhibited maximum inhibition of inflammation (70-76%) at doses of 0.22 and 0.9 μmol/ear, respectively. Modest activity (~45% inhibition) was maintained at nanomole/ear doses.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-06-2015
Publisher: American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET)
Date: 20-12-2005
Abstract: Hydralazine strongly suppresses the toxicity of acrolein, a reactive aldehyde that contributes to numerous health disorders. At least two mechanisms may underlie the cytoprotection, both of which involve the nucleophilic hydrazine possessed by hydralazine. Under the simplest scenario, hydralazine directly scavenges free acrolein, decreasing intracellular acrolein availability and thereby suppressing macromolecular adduction. In a second "adduct-trapping" mechanism, the drug forms hydrazones with acrolein-derived Michael adducts in cell proteins, preventing secondary reactions of adducted proteins that may trigger cell death. To identify the most important mechanism, we explored these two pathways in mouse hepatocytes poisoned with the acrolein precursor allyl alcohol. Intense concentration-dependent adduct-trapping in cell proteins accompanied the suppression of toxicity by hydralazine. However, protective concentrations of hydralazine did not alter extracellular free acrolein levels, cellular glutathione loss, or protein carbonylation, suggesting that the cytoprotection is not due to minimization of intracellular acrolein availability. To explore ways whereby adduct-trapping might confer cytoprotection, the effect of hydralazine on acrolein-induced protein cross-linking was examined. Using bovine pancreas ribonuclease A as a model protein, acrolein caused rapid time- and concentration-dependent cross-linking, with dimerized protein detectable within 45 min of commencing protein modification. Lysine adduction in monomeric protein preceded the appearance of oligomers, whereas reductive methylation of protein amine groups abolished both adduction and oligomerization. Hydralazine inhibited cross-linking if added 30 min after commencing acrolein exposure but was ineffective if added after a 90-min delay. Adduct-trapping closely accompanied the inhibition of cross-linking by hydralazine. These findings suggest that cross-link blocking may contribute to hydralazine cytoprotection.
Publisher: Queensland University of Technology
Date: 19-02-2010
DOI: 10.5204/JLD.V3I3.58
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 25-10-2008
DOI: 10.1021/JO801808R
Abstract: Src homology 3 (SH3) domains are highly conserved protein-protein interaction domains that mediate important biological processes and are considered valuable targets for the development of therapeutic agents. In this paper, we report the preparation of a range of new 6-heterocyclic substituted 2-aminoquinolines using Buchwald-Hartwig chemistry. 6-Heterocyclic substitution of the 2-aminoquinoline has provided ligands with increased binding affinity for the SH3 domain relative to the lead compound, 2-aminoquinoline, that are the highest affinity ligands prepared to date. The key step in the synthesis of these compounds required a selective Buchwald-Hartwig amination of an aryl bromide in the presence of an activated heteroaryl chloride. The optimization of reaction conditions to achieve the selective amination is discussed and has allowed for cross-coupling with a range of cyclic amines. Introduction of the amino functionality of the 6-heterocyclic 2-aminoquinolines involved additional Buchwald-Hartwig chemistry utilizing lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide as an ammonia equivalent.
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Date: 04-2008
DOI: 10.2174/138955708783955953
Abstract: This mini-review highlights the chemical and cytoprotective properties of various hydralazine analogues that block the induction of cell death by acrolein, a highly toxic contributor to "carbonyl stress" during a erse range of human diseases. Recent work on the action of hydralazine against various carbonyl-mediated pathologies is also reviewed.
No related grants have been discovered for Simon Pyke.