ORCID Profile
0000-0001-9496-406X
Current Organisation
Nottingham Trent University
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Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 12-08-2014
DOI: 10.1364/OE.22.020014
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 21-08-2015
DOI: 10.1364/OE.23.022953
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-08-2021
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.3188
Abstract: Self‐organising map (SOM), an unsupervised machine learning algorithm based on neural networks, is applied to introduce a novel approach for the analysis of XRF spectral imaging data. This method automatically reduced hundreds of thousands of XRF spectra in a spectral image dataset to a handful of distinct clusters that share similar spectra. In this study, we show how clustering and the combination of spatial and spectral information can be used to aid materials identification and deduce the paint sequence. The efficiency and accuracy of the method is presented through the analysis of a Peruvian watercolour painting from the Getty Research Institute collection. Confirmation of the interpretation was provided by complementary non‐invasive techniques, such as optical microscopy, reflectance and Raman spectroscopies.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 05-07-2007
DOI: 10.1117/12.726032
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 07-07-2015
DOI: 10.1117/12.2185071
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 09-06-2011
DOI: 10.1117/12.890973
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 06-08-2007
DOI: 10.1117/12.757868
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-03-2013
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 08-08-2005
Abstract: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an optical interferometric technique developed mainly for in vivo imaging of the eye and biological tissues. In this paper, we demonstrate the potential of OCT for non-invasive examination of museum paintings. Two en-face scanning OCT systems operating at 850 nm and 1300 nm were used to produce B-scan and C-scan images at typical working distances of 2 cm. The 3D images produced by the OCT systems show not only the structure of the varnish layer but also the paint layers and underdrawings (preparatory drawings under the paint layers). The highest ever resolution and dynamic range images of underdrawings are presented and for the first time it is possible to find out non-invasively on which layer the underdrawings were drawn.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 05-07-2007
DOI: 10.1117/12.726034
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-02-2021
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 08-01-2015
DOI: 10.1364/OE.23.000471
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-11-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-15769-9
Abstract: The bacterial flora of nasogastric feeding tubes and faecal s les were analysed for a low-birth weight (725 g) neonate EGA 25 weeks in intensive care. S les were collected at age 6 and 8 weeks of life. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to visualise bacterial biofilms inside the nasogastric feeding tubes. The biofilm was heterogeneously distributed along the tube lumen wall, and had a depth of up to 500 µm. The bacterial biofilm and faecal s les included Enterococcus faecalis and Enterobacter hormaechei . Representative strains, recovered from both feeding tubes and faecal s les, were whole genome sequenced using Illumina, Mi-Seq, which revealed indistinguishable strains, each with less than 28 SNP differences, of E. faecalis and E. hormaechei . The E. faecalis strains were from two sequence types (ST191 and ST211) and encoded for a number of traits related to biofilm formation ( BopD ), adherence ( Epb pili), virulence ( cps loci, gelatinase, SprE ) and antibiotic resistances (IsaA, tetM). The E. hormaechei were all ST106, and encoded for bla ACT-15 β–lactamase and fosfomycin resistance ( fosA ). This proof of concept study demonstrates that bacterial flora within the neonatal feeding tubes may influence the bacterial colonisation of the intestinal tract and can be visualised non-destructively using OCT.
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 02-11-2011
DOI: 10.1364/AO.50.006039
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 13-04-2015
DOI: 10.1364/OE.23.010145
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 12-11-2014
DOI: 10.1364/OL.39.006509
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-2002
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.1140/EPJP/S13360-022-03305-2
Abstract: A mobile remote standoff Raman spectroscopy system operational at typical distances of 10 m was developed specifically for research of historical sites and wall paintings recently. Here we present an upgrade to that system informed by a thorough experimental investigation of the relevant laser-induced degradation issues. Reflectance spectroscopy as a more sensitive technique than Raman spectroscopy was used for monitoring and a new phenomenon of reversible alterations was detected in many paint s les at very low laser intensities of less than 1 W/cm 2 when Raman measurements detected no changes. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the intensity threshold for safe operation was found to decrease significantly for larger incident irradiation area in the case of a vermilion oil paint s le. Damage threshold in intensity for each material needs to be determined for different spot sizes, which can be orders of magnitude lower for 1 mm spot size compared with micro-Raman. Results from this study is also relevant to portable Raman systems which use similarly large spot sizes. However, the larger spot size still generates more Raman photons overall under safe operation than micro-Raman systems. Continuous-wave (CW) lasers are found to be best suited to efficient, that is more Raman signal detected over a given measurement time, and safe Raman operation than ns-pulse lasers at the same wavelength. While the damage threshold in intensity for ns-pulse lasers is much higher than that of CW lasers, the pulse energy allowed in one pulse for safe operation is still too low to allow detection of Raman signal, and the need for multiple pulses makes pulse laser inefficient owing to the low repetition rate necessary to ensure adequate heat dissipation between pulses. The safety of the upgraded system was evaluated and found that no permanent laser-induced degradation was detected within 60 s of laser irradiation for any of the paint s les.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 09-06-2011
DOI: 10.1117/12.890088
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 30-06-2005
DOI: 10.1117/12.612591
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 09-06-2011
DOI: 10.1117/12.890084
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2012.11.037
Abstract: In this work, we present the visualization of the internal flows in a drying sessile polymer dispersion drop on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces with Spectral Radar Optical Coherence Tomography (SR-OCT). We have found that surface features such as the initial contact angle and pinning of the contact line, play a crucial role on the flow direction and final shape of the dried drop. Moreover, imaging through selection of vertical slices using optical coherence tomography offers a feasible alternative compared to imaging through selection of narrow horizontal slices using confocal microscopy for turbid, barely transparent fluids.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 30-05-2013
DOI: 10.1117/12.2020765
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 26-01-2015
DOI: 10.1364/OE.23.001992
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 09-06-2004
DOI: 10.1117/12.566780
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-08-2015
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 14-10-2019
DOI: 10.1364/OE.27.031338
Publisher: British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing (BINDT)
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-01-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 30-06-2005
DOI: 10.1117/12.612086
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-03-2018
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 04-08-2017
DOI: 10.1364/OE.25.019640
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 02-07-2009
DOI: 10.1117/12.827518
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 09-11-2005
DOI: 10.1117/12.630185
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 30-05-2013
DOI: 10.1117/12.2021700
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 25-03-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-09-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-07-2014
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 09-05-2013
DOI: 10.1364/AO.52.003387
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-11-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-08-2021
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 05-07-2007
DOI: 10.1117/12.726029
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-09-2010
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 31-08-2006
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-09-2023
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Start Date: 2010
End Date: 2013
Funder: Arts and Humanities Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2013
End Date: 2014
Funder: Arts and Humanities Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2009
End Date: 2009
Funder: Arts and Humanities Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2010
End Date: 2014
Funder: Arts and Humanities Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2007
End Date: 2009
Funder: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
View Funded Activity