ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5486-0247
Current Organisation
University of Queensland
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Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 07-04-2016
Abstract: Vietnamese speakers can describe the future as behind them and gesture forwards to indicate the past, which suggests they use a conceptual model of Time in which the future is behind and the past is in front. This type of model has previously been shown to be pervasive only among older speakers of Aymara in the Andes (Núñez and Sweetser 2006. With the future behind them: Convergent evidence from Aymara language and gesture in the crosslinguistic comparison of spatial construals of time. Cognitive Science 30. 401–450). Whereas Time in the Aymara model does not “move”, the present data show that Time in Vietnamese can “approach” from behind the Ego and “continue forward” into the past. To our knowledge, no other language has been identified with a model where Time moves from behind Ego to in front. Recognition of this model in Vietnamese will open up new research opportunities, particularly since the model does not seem to be endangered in Vietnamese.
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Date: 31-12-2011
DOI: 10.1075/CF.3.2.04SUL
Abstract: The current study documents and analyzes the previously unrecognized English if and when construction. This construction coordinates a conditional and a temporal conjunction, as in if and when P Q Q until and unless P and a wide range of other micro-constructions. The current study documents the various types of if and when constructions, examines their relation to temporal and conditional constructions, and analyzes their variations in form and meaning from a Construction Grammar perspective.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-07-2017
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 06-2014
Abstract: In the three versions of Hamlet translated during the Franco regime in Spain, metaphors related to the censored themes of sex and religion were altered or removed. In this study, we employ the Metaphor Identification Procedure (Pragglejaz Group 2007) to identify all metaphors involving sex and religion in Shakespeare's Hamlet and its three Franco-era Spanish translations. We find that under the influence of censorship, authors employ many of the strategies for metaphor translation also used for uncensored texts, such as those identified by Newmark (1981), van den Broeck (1981), and Toury (1995). However, we argue that censorship encourages strategies judged as less preferable, more extreme, or which are not usually discussed in translation studies. These strategies appear to be selected specifically to remove the material subject to censorship, whether this is found in the source domain (vehicle) or the target domain (tenor) of a metaphor.
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Date: 17-08-2020
Abstract: What causes metaphors to be similar or different across languages? It can be tempting to associate differences with culture and similarities with embodiment, since human cultures are erse and human bodies are comparable. However, we argue that the death of a loved one is such a widespread experience that it forms part of every human culture. We argue that linguistic instantiations of death is departure tend to focus on the starting point of the deceased person’s journey and the arrival of the person’s remains in their final resting place. We attribute these trends to the fact that living people around the world are focused on their loved ones’ absence in the here-and-now, and living people often place importance on physical sites associated with deceased loved ones, such as the location of their remains. These cross-linguistic trends emphasize that culture can lead to similarities as well as differences in metaphoric structures.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1291414
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Date: 03-03-2016
Abstract: Spanish suave is sometimes translated as English smooth or soft . In cluster analyses of data from the British National Corpus and the Corpus del Español, senses of suave are found to align in some ways with smooth , in other respects with soft , and sometimes with neither adjective. For instance, the ‘quiet’ sense of soft in soft noise is related to the ‘gentle’ sense in soft caress . The ‘quiet’ sense of suave is similarly related to a ‘gentle’ sense. On the other hand, both smooth election and suave transición ‘ suave transition’ indicate an easy process, but smooth in smooth election clusters with the sense in smooth motion , whereas suave in suave transición clusters with the sense in suave velo ‘ suave veil’. That is, a smooth election is ‘easy’ in the manner of an unobstructed motion, whereas a suave transición is ‘easy’ to deal with, like a lightweight burden.
Publisher: University of Helsinki Libraries
Date: 29-04-2014
DOI: 10.31885/LUD.1.1.250
Abstract: Rastall’s paper ‘Small Model Languages as Tools for Reflection’ observes that when linguistic models fall short of an accurate representation of language, this offers a rare opportunity to question assumptions and observe linguistic facts. The only reason a model’s proponents might be distressed when a model is proven inadequate is if they harboured the illusion that the model was an accurate representation of language production, or even of cognition. As Rastall points out, no model can make this claim. Every model is necessarily an imperfect representation of reality.
Publisher: Linguistic Society of America
Date: 17-10-2006
Abstract: N/A
Publisher: Edinburgh University Press
Date: 11-2015
Abstract: Psycholinguistic and corpus studies have shown that syntactic repetition priming can influence linguistic analyses. The impact of lexical repetition priming on linguistic work, on the other hand, has not been assessed. The current study finds evidence of lexical priming in a corpus of linguistics publications on the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM), in which semantic analyses are written using several dozen ‘semantic primitives’ such as something, know and place. NSM theorists are repeatedly exposed to a small set of words, much like subjects in lexical repetition priming experiments. When all analyses written in NSM are removed from NSM publications, these texts are found to nevertheless include significantly more ‘primitives’ than control publications, suggesting that the study of particular words can affect linguists’ lexical choices. This is potentially problematic for semantic analyses in NSM, which consist of strings of primitives selected by the analysts. These primitives are not considered to be English words, but have the same forms as English words. If priming occurs between the NSM analyses and their English environment, theorists’ exposure to English may impact their choice of primitives and the content of their analyses.
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Date: 23-11-2012
Abstract: We suggest that the impact of metaphoric language does not depend entirely on the conceptual metaphor that is evoked, nor on the form the metaphoric language takes, but also on the steps involved in evoking a given metaphor. This is especially apparent in minimalist poetry. Readers are given hints, cultural conventions, or no guidance at all, on how to fill in missing metaphoric domains and mappings. We place minimalist metaphors at the “effortful” end of the cline proposed by Stockwell (1992), and suggest that the other end can be associated with maximalist metaphors, which corral the reader into a highly specific interpretation. The degree of minimalism or maximalism depends on the specific mappings that are linguistically indicated, the degree of conventionalization of the metaphor, and reliance on cultural background knowledge.
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Date: 31-12-2016
DOI: 10.1075/CF.8.2.02SUL
Abstract: Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) aims to represent the conceptual structure of metaphors rather than the structure of metaphoric language. The theory does not explain which aspects of metaphoric language evoke which conceptual structures, for ex le. However, other theories within cognitive linguistics may be better suited to this task. These theories, once integrated, should make building a unified model of both the conceptual and linguistic aspects of metaphor possible. First, constructional approaches to syntax provide an explanation of how particular constructional slots are associated with different functions in evoking metaphor. Cognitive Grammar is especially effective in this regard. Second, Frame Semantics helps explain how the words or phrases that fill the relevant constructional slots evoke the source and target domains of metaphor. Though these theories do not yet integrate seamlessly, their combination already offers explanatory benefits, such as allowing generalizations across metaphoric and non-metaphoric language, and identifying the words that play a role in evoking metaphors, for ex le.
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Date: 12-09-2014
DOI: 10.1075/HCP.47
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 2015
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2008
Abstract: This article describes a metonymic process which is common in skaldic verse, but rare in everyday language. This process allows one member of a category to stand for another (for ex le, SEA is referred to by the name of another member of BODIES OF WATER, such as `river' or `fjord'). This process has previously been called `metaphor' (cf. Fidjestøl, 1997). However, I show that the process lacks several characteristics of metaphor as defined in cognitive linguistics, including multiple mappings and the creation of target-domain inferences. I suggest that the process is more similar to metonymies such as Category for Member (cf. Radden and Kövecses, 1999), and should be called `Member for Member' metonymy. I argue that Member for Member metonymy is rare in conversational language because it fails to generate the inferences and cognitive benefits provided by most metaphors and metonymies. However, Member for Member is abundant in skaldic verse, because the aesthetic and sociolinguistic goals of this genre outweigh the considerations of clarity and efficiency imposed on conversation by the Gricean Maxims. I furthermore propose that Member for Member metonymy is a defining feature of classical skaldic poetry, and one that distinguishes this genre from later, more naturalistic styles such as hrynhent. The observation that Member for Member occurs in a specific literary genre like skaldic poetry — even though it is normally barred from conversational language — indicates that cognitive linguists must study the full range of linguistic genres in order to document the cognitive processes that underlie language use.
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Date: 18-10-2016
DOI: 10.1075/HCP.55.05SUL
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2020
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 24-04-2019
Abstract: This paper examines the relations between the senses of the Chinese polysemous verb shàng “to go up”, in an effort to understand how the various senses of polysemous words are organized in the L1 and L2 lexicons and to shed light on the role they might play in L2 polysemy acquisition. To this end, we analyzed the senses of shàng at the conceptual level, then used these findings to inform an empirical study of the sense relatedness as perceived by L1 and L2 participants. A developmental pattern is identifiable across the L2 proficiency groups. Specifically, the sense relations identified by the L2 groups increasingly approximate those identified by L1 as their proficiency level grows. Both native speakers and learners base their perceptions of sense relatedness on purported conceptual metaphors as well as other factors such as transitivity, function and concreteness – though the two groups apply these concepts in different ways. These findings suggest that learners can access the same conceptual tools as native speakers, but are using these tools in a way that differs from native speakers. Conclusions support the cognitive motivations behind polysemous senses and teaching-oriented findings that overlap in L1 and L2. Conceptual universals should be helpful in L2 vocabulary acquisition.
Publisher: De Gruyter
Date: 06-03-2017
Publisher: Duke University Press
Date: 09-2009
DOI: 10.1215/03335372-2009-004
Abstract: Representational and nonrepresentational (abstract) artists exhibit different conceptual processes when they describe their work. Data from ekphrastic texts written by artists to accompany their artwork show that, although both kinds of painters refer metaphorically to their art using terms such as language, vocabulary, conversation, and narrative, the two use these words in different ways and with different meanings. For ex le, representational painters refer to “languages” that consist of the systems of represented objects, people, or landscapes that they depict, whereas nonrepresentational painters write about “languages” composed of sets of colors or shapes. Moreover, representational artists claim to engage in a “conversation” with the viewers of their works, whereas nonrepresentational artists prefer to “converse” with their materials or canvases. In general, representational painters use metaphorical terms such as language to describe their subject matter and their artwork's effect on potential viewers, whereas nonrepresentational painters use the same words to describe colors, shapes, and their own artistic process. Artists that combine representation and abstraction in the same artwork (here termed “partly representational” artists) use some of the metaphors preferred by the purely representational artists and some of the metaphors of the nonrepresentational artists, suggesting that the presence/absence of both representation and abstraction affect the metaphors that artists use to describe their work.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1552581
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Date: 31-12-2012
DOI: 10.1075/ML.7.3.03SUL
Abstract: This study compares antonymous relations between lemmata (such as soft/softer/softest and hard/harder/hardest ), words ( soft and hard ) and word senses (for ex le, the sense of soft indicating a yielding surface and that of hard describing an unyielding surface). In agglomerative cluster analyses of data from the British National Corpus, specific antonymous adjective senses are found to cluster more tightly and neatly than either antonymous words or lemmata. Moreover, when pairs such as soft and hard co-occur in the corpus, the co-occurring senses are typically instances of antonymous senses that cluster together. This evidence from clustering and co-occurrence suggests that antonymy operates primarily at the level of the word sense, rather than the word or the lemma.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-01-2015
Abstract: Visual metaphors have been the focus of experimental and corpus studies aiming to determine whether metaphors are conceptual or purely linguistic. However, in visual metaphor research, experimental and corpus approaches have each been directed at a distinct set of visual metaphors. Psychological experiments have focused on primary metaphors, whereas corpus studies have concentrated on non-primary metaphors. The current study suggests that when non-primary metaphors are examined experimentally, cognitive effects appear only when the metaphor is contextually relevant. intelligence is brightness, for ex le, is not relevant when the potential source of intelligence is inaccessible. In this study, images of open books with bright backgrounds are rated as more likely to represent works of genius than open books with darker backgrounds. When books are closed, their ‘genius’ is inaccessible and intelligence is brightness has no effect.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-04-2018
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Date: 18-01-2013
DOI: 10.1075/CAL.14
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2014
Abstract: Metaphoric language can be examined either from the standpoint of conceptual structure or from the perspective of linguistic form. The role of conceptual metaphor in metaphoric language has received considerable attention, notably in Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Blending Theory, but the impact of linguistic form remains less well understood. Brooke-Rose’s A Grammar of Metaphor (1958) presents subjective impressions of various forms, and more recently, cognitive linguists have examined the metaphoric uses of in idual grammatical constructions. However, Stockwell offers the most methodical and comprehensive comparison of metaphorically used constructions along a specified parameter, that of ‘visibility’ (1992, 2000, 2002). On the cline of visibility, constructions range from the most visible constructions, such as simile, to the least visible, such as allegory. The current article draws on Sullivan’s (2013) study of the role of grammatical constructions in metaphoric language to examine and refine Stockwell’s cline of visibility, inputting the syntactic characteristics of Stockwell’s metaphoric constructions into a multidimensional scaling analysis. The results support Stockwell’s dimension of ‘visibility’, but suggest that the distinctions between metaphorically used constructions are better accounted for in a two-dimensional analysis that considers the dimension of ‘economy’ – the linguistic complexity required to express a conceptual metaphor – alongside ‘visibility’.
Location: United States of America
No related grants have been discovered for Karen Sullivan.