ORCID Profile
0000-0003-1937-8145
Current Organisations
University of California, San Diego
,
San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-04-2023
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 29-07-2022
DOI: 10.2196/36665
Abstract: As smartphone technology has become nearly ubiquitous, there is a growing body of literature suggesting that ecological momentary cognitive testing (EMCT) offers advantages over traditional pen-and-paper psychological assessment. We introduce a newly developed platform for the self-administration of cognitive tests in ecologically valid ways. The aim of this study is to develop a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–compliant EMCT smartphone-based platform for the frequent and repeated testing of cognitive abilities in everyday life. This study examines the psychometric properties of 7 mobile cognitive tests covering domains of processing speed, visual working memory, recognition memory, and response inhibition within our platform among persons with and without bipolar disorder (BD). Ultimately, if shown to have adequate psychometric properties, EMCTs may be useful in research on BD and other neurological and psychiatric illnesses. A total of 45 persons with BD and 21 demographically comparable healthy volunteer participants (aged 18-65 years) completed smartphone-based EMCTs 3 times daily for 14 days. Each EMCT session lasted approximately 1.5 minutes. Only 2 to 3 tests were administered in any given session, no test was administered more than once per day, and alternate test versions were administered in each session. The mean adherence to the EMCT protocol was 69.7% (SD 20.5%), resulting in 3965 valid and complete tests across the full s le. Participants were significantly more likely to miss tests on later versus earlier study days. Adherence did not differ by diagnostic status, suggesting that BD does not interfere with EMCT participation. In most tests, age and education were related to EMCT performance in expected directions. The average performances on most EMCTs were moderately to strongly correlated with the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery. Practice effects were observed in 5 tests, with significant differences in practice effects by BD status in 3 tests. Although additional reliability and validity data are needed, this study provides initial psychometric support for EMCTs in the assessment of cognitive performance in real-world contexts in BD.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-07-2019
DOI: 10.1111/EIP.12712
Abstract: To compare rates of vocational engagement for youth entering specialist mental health treatment with the general population. A file audit retrieved vocational data for 145 youth aged 15 to 25 entering treatment. Clinical and population data were stratified by age and sex and compared between cohorts. Compared to the population, young people entering mental health treatment were less likely to have completed at least Year 11 in school (77% vs 42%, P < 0.001) and demonstrated higher rates of "Not in Education, Employment or Training" (9% vs 33%, P < 0.001). In iduals aged 15 to 18 years entering treatment experienced greater rates of educational disengagement than the population (30% vs 11%, P < 0.001), whereas people aged 19 to 25 years showed higher unemployment rates (52% vs 35%, P = 0.003). Youth entering specialist mental health treatment have marked levels of vocational disengagement compared to demographically-matched peers. Early vocational intervention for these young people is essential.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-07-2021
DOI: 10.1111/EIP.13186
Abstract: Early intervention for psychosis has been of high interest in the past two decades. Research demonstrates that clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR‐p) populations experience impairments in role functioning. Although several vocational and cognitive interventions exist for people living with psychosis, there are no known evidence‐based treatments for role functioning difficulties during the CHR‐p stage. There is clear evidence for a need for interventions that directly target role functioning. This paper describes the theoretical development and implementation of a novel intervention targeting role functioning impairments: In idualized Vocational and Educational Support and Training (InVEST). The CEDAR Clinic, a specialized CHR‐p coordinated specialty care (CSC) team, has worked to develop InVEST to target core aspects of role functioning, namely executive functioning, stress sensitivity, and task initiation. The intervention is cost‐efficient, as bachelor level clinicians provide the service under supervision of licensed clinicians. This summary describes InVEST, provides a disguised case ex le, and presents initial exploratory data ( N = 135) focused on the intervention's feasibility in this CSC program. Although these preliminary data are limited, available information suggests that InVEST may provide a core treatment modality within CHR‐p treatment programs. More research formally investigating InVEST with a larger s le would provide further evidence of the intervention's efficacy.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-11-2022
DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2137445
Abstract: People with serious mental illness (SMI) are at an increased risk for suicide. Social approach and avoidance motivations are linked to social functioning, and social isolation is a risk factor for suicide. This study uses ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to understand social approach and avoidance motivations in relation to symptoms and suicidal ideation (SI). Participants ( Participants with SI at baseline had higher mean social avoidance motivation, The results of this study point to the role of social approach and avoidance motivations in relation to SI and psychotic symptoms. Clinically, exposure therapies and cognitive behavioral therapies may help to address these social approach and avoidance processes linked to SI.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 03-2023
DOI: 10.1037/PRJ0000547
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-06-2018
DOI: 10.1111/EIP.12691
Abstract: Schizophrenia is a highly stigmatized disorder. Identification of youth at high risk for psychosis has the potential for improved outcomes. However, identifying youth at risk could subject them to increased public stigma. Using an experimental vignette design, this study examined relative levels of public stigma elicited by the labels "schizophrenia," "clinical high risk (CHR)," "attenuated psychotic symptoms syndrome (APSS)," a label implying normative adolescent development ("a bad breakup"), and a no-label control condition. Ninety-six undergraduates (age: 18.8 + 1.1, range: 18-22) read a vignette describing an adolescent experiencing symptoms typical of CHR for psychosis. The vignette label (APSS, CHR, schizophrenia, a bad breakup or no label) was counterbalanced between participants. Participants answered questions assessing stigma toward the in idual and their prior knowledge of and familiarity with psychosis. Overall stigma did not differ across conditions. Only ratings of personal responsibility were higher for the breakup label than the schizophrenia label (P < .05). More prior knowledge about, and higher familiarity with, psychotic symptoms predicted lower overall stigma. We did not find that schizophrenia, CHR or APSS labels elicited elevated stigma in this s le relative to the control labels. This may reflect relatively low levels of mental health stigma in the group studied, a new finding inconsistent with earlier work. Greater levels of knowledge about and familiarity with psychosis were associated with lower stigma. These findings reinforce the potential for mental health awareness c aigns to reduce stigma but also raise questions about factors contributing to lower rates of stigma.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-07-2018
DOI: 10.1111/EIP.12718
Abstract: Most mental disorders have their onset by age 25, disrupting normative vocational engagement. Factors associated with vocational disengagement at first contact with specialist treatment are important for service planning. The aim of this paper was to investigate the association between theoretically important factors and vocational disengagement for youth entering mental health treatment. A file audit was used to extract vocational data of 145 young people aged 15 to 25 years entering treatment in 2011 at a public youth mental health service in Melbourne, Australia. Comparisons were made across three specialist programs for: psychosis (n = 50), mood disorders (n = 52) and borderline personality pathology (n = 43). In idual characteristics were entered into univariate and multivariate logistic regressions to investigate their associations with vocational disengagement. Educational disengagement was associated with being older (OR = 4.38, P = 0.004) and not living with parents (OR = 2.87, P = 0.038). Unemployment and being NEET (Not in Education, Employment or Training) were both associated with not having commenced tertiary education (OR = 0.23, P = 0.022 OR = 0.05, P = 0.002 respectively). Being NEET was also associated with being older (OR = 6.18, P = 0.004). Primary diagnostic grouping was not associated with vocational disengagement, once accounting for other factors. The likelihood of vocational disengagement did not differ across disorder groups, implying that intervention should be "transdiagnostic" and might best target education first, specifically post-secondary qualifications. Other domains or variables not measured in this study are also likely to be important, and this might include young people's support systems and symptom severity. Qualitative studies may be useful for exploring further factors relevant to vocational engagement.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPSYCHIRES.2022.04.039
Abstract: In iduals with schizophrenia who have high negative symptoms are at high risk for poor functional outcomes. However, the determinants of psychosocial functioning in this group are not well understood. We aimed to examine modifiable predictors of both objective, performance-based functional capacity and social skills, and self-reported functioning in in iduals with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and high negative symptoms. Fifty-five adults with moderate-to-severe negative symptoms were administered measures of neuropsychological performance, performance-based functional capacity and social competence, self-reported functioning, psychiatric symptom severity, defeatist/asocial beliefs, and intrinsic motivation. In the context of multiple significant predictor variables identified through bivariate correlations, multiple regression models showed that neuropsychological performance was the only significant predictor of performance-based functional capacity neuropsychological performance and motivation leasure negative symptoms were significant predictors of performance-based social competence. For two different measures of self-reported functioning, intrinsic motivation, asocial beliefs, and diminished expression emerged as significant predictors. Neurocognitive ability was a better predictor of performance-based functional skills whereas motivation and beliefs more strongly predicted self-reported real-world functioning. The findings of this study suggest a complex picture of predictors of performance-based functional capacity (objective neuropsychological functioning) and self-reported functioning (motivation and beliefs), underscoring the clinical and scientific utility of including both self-reported and objective measures of functioning to identify treatment approach. In iduals with high negative symptoms and a cognitive/functional skills deficit may benefit from interventions such as cognitive remediation or skills training, whereas in iduals with motivational difficulties may benefit from treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy.
Location: United States of America
Location: United States of America
Location: United States of America
No related grants have been discovered for Emma Parrish.