ORCID Profile
0000-0002-1048-2838
Current Organisation
Wildlife Conservation Society
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-12-2021
DOI: 10.1111/CONL.12858
Abstract: As human activities on the world's oceans intensify, mapping human pressure is essential to develop appropriate conservation strategies and prioritize investments with limited resources. Here, we map six human (nonclimatic) pressures on coral reefs using the latest quantitative data on fishing, water pollution (nitrogen and sediments), coastal population, industrial development, and tourism. Using a percentile approach to rank different stressors, we identify the top‐ranked local pressure and estimate a cumulative pressure index for 54,596 global coral reef pixels at 0.05° (∼5 km) resolution. We find that coral reefs are exposed to multiple intense local pressures: fishing and water pollution (nutrients and sediments) are the most common top‐ranked pressures worldwide (in 30.8% and 32.3% of reef cells, respectively), although each pressure was ranked as a top pressure in some locations. We also find that local pressures are similar inside and outside a proposed global portfolio of coral reef climate refugia, suggesting that even potential climate refugia have high levels of local human pressure that require effective management. Our findings and datasets provide the best available information that can ensure local pressures are effectively managed across the world's coral reefs.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 10-09-2021
Abstract: Marine protected areas (MPAs) are now well established globally as tools for conservation, for enhancing marine bio ersity, and for promoting sustainable fisheries. That said, which regions are labeled as MPAs varies substantially, from those that full protect marine species and prohibit human extraction to those that permit everything from intensive fishing to mining. This inconsistency can in some cases inhibit both conservation and quantifying the proportion of the marine environment that is truly protected. Grorud-Colvert et al . review the consistency of MPAs and propose a framework by which levels of protection can be evaluated and improved. —SNV
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-03-2016
Abstract: Trait-based approaches advance ecological and evolutionary research because traits provide a strong link to an organism’s function and fitness. Trait-based research might lead to a deeper understanding of the functions of, and services provided by, ecosystems, thereby improving management, which is vital in the current era of rapid environmental change. Coral reef scientists have long collected trait data for corals however, these are difficult to access and often under-utilized in addressing large-scale questions. We present the Coral Trait Database initiative that aims to bring together physiological, morphological, ecological, phylogenetic and biogeographic trait information into a single repository. The database houses species- and in idual-level data from published field and experimental studies alongside contextual data that provide important framing for analyses. In this data descriptor, we release data for 56 traits for 1547 species, and present a collaborative platform on which other trait data are being actively federated. Our overall goal is for the Coral Trait Database to become an open-source, community-led data clearinghouse that accelerates coral reef research.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-02-2020
DOI: 10.1111/CONL.12698
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 02-02-2012
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS09442
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CUB.2016.12.005
Abstract: Sustainable fisheries must ultimately reduce poverty while maintaining ecosystem productivity. On coral reefs, managing for 'concave' trophic pyramids might be a win-win for people and ecosystems, by providing higher-value fisheries and maintaining important ecological functions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-01-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-08-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41559-019-0953-8
Abstract: Without drastic efforts to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate globalized stressors, tropical coral reefs are in jeopardy. Strategic conservation and management requires identification of the environmental and socioeconomic factors driving the persistence of scleractinian coral assemblages-the foundation species of coral reef ecosystems. Here, we compiled coral abundance data from 2,584 Indo-Pacific reefs to evaluate the influence of 21 climate, social and environmental drivers on the ecology of reef coral assemblages. Higher abundances of framework-building corals were typically associated with: weaker thermal disturbances and longer intervals for potential recovery slower human population growth reduced access by human settlements and markets and less nearby agriculture. We therefore propose a framework of three management strategies (protect, recover or transform) by considering: (1) if reefs were above or below a proposed threshold of >10% cover of the coral taxa important for structural complexity and carbonate production and (2) reef exposure to severe thermal stress during the 2014-2017 global coral bleaching event. Our findings can guide urgent management efforts for coral reefs, by identifying key threats across multiple scales and strategic policy priorities that might sustain a network of functioning reefs in the Indo-Pacific to avoid ecosystem collapse.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 09-04-0088
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 10-02-2016
Abstract: Interactions between multiple ecosystem stressors are expected to jeopardize biological processes, functions and bio ersity. The scientific community has declared stressor interactions—notably synergies—a key issue for conservation and management. Here, we review ecological literature over the past four decades to evaluate trends in the reporting of ecological interactions (synergies, antagonisms and additive effects) and highlight the implications and importance to conservation. Despite increasing popularity, and ever-finer terminologies, we find that synergies are (still) not the most prevalent type of interaction, and that conservation practitioners need to appreciate and manage for all interaction outcomes, including antagonistic and additive effects. However, it will not be possible to identify the effect of every interaction on every organism's physiology and every ecosystem function because the number of stressors, and their potential interactions, are growing rapidly. Predicting the type of interactions may be possible in the near-future, using meta-analyses, conservation-oriented experiments and adaptive monitoring. Pending a general framework for predicting interactions, conservation management should enact interventions that are robust to uncertainty in interaction type and that continue to bolster biological resilience in a stressful world.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.TREE.2016.02.012
Abstract: Coral reefs are biologically erse and ecologically complex ecosystems constructed by stony corals. Despite decades of research, basic coral population biology and community ecology questions remain. Quantifying trait variation among species can help resolve these questions, but progress has been h ered by a paucity of trait data for the many, often rare, species and by a reliance on nonquantitative approaches. Therefore, we propose filling data gaps by prioritizing traits that are easy to measure, estimating key traits for species with missing data, and identifying 'supertraits' that capture a large amount of variation for a range of biological and ecological processes. Such an approach can accelerate our understanding of coral ecology and our ability to protect critically threatened global ecosystems.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2014
DOI: 10.1038/515028A
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 29-08-2012
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 04-04-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.03.438313
Abstract: As human activities on the world’s oceans intensify, mapping human pressures is essential to develop appropriate conservation strategies and prioritize investments with limited resources. Here, we map non-climatic pressures on coral reefs using the latest quantitative data layers on fishing, nitrogen and sediment pollution, coastal and industrial development, and tourism. Across 54,596 coral reef pixels worldwide, we identify the top-ranked local pressure and estimate a cumulative pressure index mapped at 0.05-degree (∼5 km) resolution. Fishing was the most common top-ranked pressure followed by water pollution (nutrients and sediments), although there is substantial variation by regions. We also find that local pressures are similar inside and outside a proposed global portfolio of coral reef climate refugia. We provide the best available information to inform critical conservation strategies and ensure local pressures are effectively managed to increase the likelihood of the persistence of coral reefs to climate change.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-01-2018
DOI: 10.1111/DDI.12714
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-09-2019
Location: United States of America
No related grants have been discovered for Emily Darling.