ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4668-7752
Current Organisations
Queen's University
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University of Newcastle Australia
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-08-2011
Abstract: Preconception and pregnancy dietary intakes can influence the health of future generations. In this study we compared the food intakes of reproductive-aged women by pregnancy status, to current Australian recommendations. Data are from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, younger cohort aged 25-30 years in 2003, with self-reported status as pregnant (n = 606), trying to conceive (n = 454), given birth in the last 12 months (n = 829) or other (n = 5597). Diet was assessed using a validated 74-item food frequency questionnaire. Food group servings and nutrient intakes were compared to the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE) and Australian Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs). No women met all AGHE food group recommendations. Highest adherence rates [mean (95% CI) servings/day] were for meat [85%, 1.9(1.8-1.9)], fruit [44%, 2.1(2.1-2.2)] and dairy [35%, 1.8(1.8-1.9)], with 14% meeting remaining recommendations. Women who achieved NRVs (folate, iron, calcium, zinc, fibre) for pregnancy, breastfeeding and adult life stages were 1.5%, 3.3% and 13.7%, respectively. Compared to AGHE, women consumed more servings of fruit (4.9 vs 4.0 P = 0.034) and dairy (3.4 vs 2.0 P = 0.006) to achieve pregnancy NRVs more dairy (2.9 vs 2.0 P = 0.001), less fruit (3.9 vs 5.0 P .001) and vegetables (3.4 vs 7.0 P .001) to achieve breastfeeding NRVs more fruit (3.6 vs 3.0 P .001), dairy (2.5 vs 2.0 P .001), meat (1.8 vs 1.5 P = 0.015), less vegetables (3.6 vs 5.0 P .001) to achieve adult NRVs. The AGHE does not align with contemporary diets of Australian women or enable them to meet all NRVs. Current tools to guide food consumption by women during pregnancy require revision.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-08-2017
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000150016.46508.A1
Abstract: To determine the effect of dietary antioxidant restriction on oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses, and exercise performance in athletes. Oxidative stress has been shown to increase during exercise. To alleviate oxidative stress, a high intake of antioxidant rich foods or supplements may be required in trained athletes. Plasma oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses were examined in 17 trained athletes who underwent two separate exercise tests. Before the initial exercise test participants followed their habitual (high) antioxidant (H-AO) diets. Then they followed a 2-wk restricted-antioxidant (R-AO) diet before the second exercise test. Blood was taken at rest, after submaximal and high-intensity exhaustive exercise, and after 1 h of recovery. The R-AO diet induced a threefold reduction in antioxidant intake when compared with habitual-antioxidant (H-AO) diets. F(2)-isoprostane concentration (marker of oxidative stress) was significantly higher after submaximal exercise (38%), exhaustion (45%), and 1 h of recovery (31%) when following the R-AO diet compared with the H-AO diet. Rate of perceived exertion was increased on the R-AO diet whilst exercise time to exhaustion was not affected. Total antioxidant capacity and circulating antioxidant concentrations, although not significantly different, tended to be lower when following the R-AO diet. Athletes regularly participating in up to 40 min of acute high-intensity exercise may require higher intakes of exogenous antioxidants to defend against increased oxidative stress during exercise, which can be met through an adequate intake of high-antioxidant foods. Thus, there seems no valid reason to recommend antioxidant supplements to athletes participating in acute high-intensity exercise events up to 40 min in duration, except in those known to be consuming a low-antioxidant diet for prolonged periods.
Publisher: Springer US
Date: 2006
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Date: 05-11-2020
DOI: 10.2337/DC19-0800
Abstract: Conventional gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) management focuses on managing blood glucose in order to prevent adverse outcomes. We hypothesized that excessive weight gain at first presentation with GDM (excessive gestational weight gain [EGWG]) and continued EGWG (cEGWG) after commencing GDM management would increase the risk of adverse outcomes, despite treatment to optimize glycemia. Data collected prospectively from pregnant women with GDM at a single institution were analyzed. GDM was diagnosed on the basis of Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society 1998 guidelines (1992-2015). EGWG means having exceeded the upper limit of the Institute of Medicine-recommended target ranges for the entire pregnancy, by GDM presentation. The relationship between EGWG and antenatal 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) values and adverse outcomes was evaluated. Relationships were examined between cEGWG, insulin requirements, and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants. Of 3,281 pregnant women, 776 (23.6%) had EGWG. Women with EGWG had higher mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) on oGTT (5.2 mmol/L [95% CI 5.1-5.3] vs. 5.0 mmol/L [95% CI 4.9-5.0] The absence of EGWG and restricting cEGWG in GDM have a mitigating effect on oGTT-based FPG, the risk of having an LGA infant, and insulin requirements.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.11124/JBISRIR-2017-003593
Abstract: The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that include a nutrition component aimed at improving gestational weight gain and/or postpartum weight retention. Excessive gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention increase the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Current evidence comprises many interventions targeting gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention that incorporate a nutrition component. To date, no review has synthesized evidence from pregnancy through the postpartum period or described the intervention approaches in detail. The review included women (≥18 years) during pregnancy and/or up to 12 months postpartum. Studies were included if they involved a weight management intervention with a nutrition component and had the primary objective of determining the impact of gestational weight gain and/or postpartum weight change. Interventions were compared to usual care (i.e. control conditions with no intervention or wait-list control or standard pregnancy or postpartum care) or “other” (alternative intervention). The review considered randomized controlled trials published between 1980 and January 21, 2016. Studies that included a weight related primary outcome measured during pregnancy and/or postpartum were included. Seven databases were searched and the reference lists of included studies were searched for additional studies not previously identified. Two independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality of studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI SUMARI). The JBI SUMARI standardized data extraction tool was used to extract data. A narrative synthesis was undertaken to qualitatively synthesize included studies, with meta-analyses used to pool weight outcome data from studies conducted separately for pregnancy and postpartum. Effect sizes for meta-analyses have been expressed as weighted mean differences (95% confidence intervals). The search yielded 4063 articles of which 48 articles from 39 studies were included. Eleven of 20 studies during pregnancy reported significant reductions in gestational weight gain with the intervention when compared to control groups. One of five studies where the intervention was conducted during both pregnancy and postpartum reported statistically significant reductions in gestational weight gain, and postpartum weight retention between intervention and control groups. Nine of 14 studies conducted after childbirth reported statistically significant intervention effects, indicating lesser postpartum weight retention. Random effects meta-analyses indicated that despite considerable heterogeneity, interventions conducted during pregnancy (−1.25 kg 95% CI: −2.10 kg, −0.40 kg p = 0.004), and postpartum (−3.25 kg 95% CI: −4.69 kg, −1.82 kg p 0.001) were significantly more effective at improving weight outcomes compared to usual care or other interventions. Most studies were of moderate quality due to lack of clarity in describing study details required for appraising methodological quality. Few interventions were conducted from pregnancy through the postpartum period (n = 5). Limited interventions adopted online modalities in intervention delivery (n = 4). Intention-to-treat analysis was used in only 12 studies. The pregnancy and postpartum period presents a unique opportunity to engage women in interventions to help optimize lifestyle behaviors for weight management, however the optimal approach is unclear. Improving consistency in intervention implementation and reporting will improve future evidence synthesis.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-01-2013
DOI: 10.1111/NURE.12003
Abstract: Micronutrient status during pregnancy influences maternal and fetal health, birth outcomes, and the risk of chronic disease in offspring. Research reporting dietary intake during pregnancy in nationally representative population s les, however, is limited. This review summarizes the micronutrient intakes of pregnant women from developed countries and compares them with relevant national recommendations. A systematic search without date limits was conducted. All studies reporting the micronutrient intakes of pregnant women were considered, irrespective of design. Two authors independently identified studies for inclusion and assessed methodological quality. Nutritional adequacy was summarized, with confounding factors considered. Meta-analysis data are reported for developed countries collectively, by geographical region, and by dietary methodology. Pregnant women in developed countries are at risk of suboptimal micronutrient intakes. Folate, iron, and vitamin D intakes were consistently below nutrient recommendations in each geographical region, and calcium intakes in Japan were below the Japanese recommendations and the average intake levels in other developed countries. Research examining the implications of potential nutrient insufficiency on maternal and offspring health outcomes is needed along with improvements in the quality of dietary intake reporting.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-06-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-08-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12913-021-06893-4
Abstract: Changing people’s behaviour by giving advice and instruction, as traditionally provided in healthcare consultations, is usually ineffective. Healthy Conversation Skills (HCS) training enhances health professionals’ communication skills and ability to empower and motivate people in health behaviour change. Guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), this study examined the impact of HCS training on health professional barriers to conducting behaviour change conversations in both clinical and non-clinical settings. Secondary aims were to i) identify health professionals’ barriers to having behaviour change conversations, and explore the ii) effect of HCS training on health professionals’ competence and attitudes to adopting HCS, iii) feasibility, acceptability and appropriateness of using HCS in their clinical and non-clinical roles, and iv) acceptability and quality of HCS training. HCS training was conducted in October-November 2019 and February 2020. Pre-training (T1), post-training (T2) and follow-up (T3 6-10 weeks post-training) surveys collected data on demographics and changes in competence, confidence, importance and usefulness (10-point Likert scale, where 10 = highest score) of conducting behaviour change conversations. Validated items assessing barriers to having these conversations were based on eight TDF domains. Post-training acceptability and quality of training was assessed. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics, and differences between TDF domain scores at the specific time points were analysed using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests. Sixty-four participants consented to complete surveys (97% women 16% identified as Aboriginal), with 37 employed in clinical settings and 27 in non-clinical settings. The training improved scores for the TDF domains of skills (T1: median (interquartile range) = 4.7(3.3-5.3) T3 = 5.7(5.3-6.0), p 0.01), belief about capabilities (T1 = 4.7(3.3-6.0) T3 = 5.7(5.0-6.0), p 0.01), and goals (T1 = 4.3(3.7-5.0) T3 = 4.7(4.3-5.3), p 0.01) at follow-up. Competence in using ‘open discovery questions’ increased post-training (T1 = 25% of responses T2 = 96% of responses T3 = 87% of responses, p 0.001), as did participants’ confidence for having behaviour change conversations (T1 = 6.0(4.7-7.6) T2 = 8.1(7.1-8.8), p 0.001), including an increased confidence in having behaviour change conversations with Aboriginal clients (T1 = 5.0(2.7-6.3) T2 = 7.6(6.4-8.3), p 0.001). Provision of additional support strategies to address intentions memory, attention and decision processes and behavioural regulation may enhance adoption and maintenance of HCS in routine practice. Wider implementation of HCS training could be an effective strategy to building capacity and support health professionals to use a person-centred, opportunistic approach to health behaviour change.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-09-2022
DOI: 10.1111/DME.14692
Abstract: To assess the impact of achieving an Institute of Medicine based personalised weight target in addition to conventional glycaemic management after gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis on maternal and neonatal outcomes. A retrospective audit of clinical data (2016-2019) for singleton gestational diabetes pregnancies was conducted in a multi-ethnic cohort. Logistic regression analyses assessed relationships between achieving, exceeding and gaining less than a personalised weight target provided after gestational diabetes diagnosis and rates of large for gestational age, small for gestational age infants, insulin therapy initiation and neonatal outcomes. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were adjusted for glucose 2-h post-glucose load value, family history of type 2 diabetes, previous gestational diabetes, macrosomia in a previous pregnancy, and East and South-East Asian ethnicity. Of 1034 women, 44% (n = 449) achieved their personalised weight target. Women who exceeded their personalised weight target had significantly and higher mean insulin doses (28.8 ± 21.5 units vs. 22.7 ± 18.7, p = 0.006) and higher rates of large for gestational age infants (19% vs. 9.8%, p < 0.001), with aOR of 1.99 [95% CI 1.25-3.15] p = 0.004, but no difference in rates of small for gestational age infants (5.3% vs. 8.0%) (aOR 0.77 [0.41-1.44] p = 0.41). Lower rates of large for gestational age infants occurred in those who gained below their personalised weight target (aOR 0.48 [0.25-0.95] p = 0.034), but rates of small for gestational age infants concurrently increased (aOR 1.9 [1.19-3.12] p = 0.008). Weight management after gestational diabetes diagnosis does not appear to be too late to confer additional benefits to glucose-lowering treatment, resulting in lower mean insulin doses, and lower rates of large for gestational age infants without increasing the risk of small for gestational age infants.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-02-2016
DOI: 10.3390/NU8020089
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-10-2017
DOI: 10.3390/NU9101147
Publisher: S. KARGER AG
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1159/000356110
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-04-2015
DOI: 10.3390/NU7053078
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 06-2017
DOI: 10.1017/S0954422417000105
Abstract: CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide, a consequence of mostly poor lifestyle and dietary behaviours. Although whole fruit and vegetable consumption has been consistently shown to reduce CVD risk, the exact protective constituents of these foods are yet to be clearly identified. A recent and biologically plausible hypothesis supporting the cardioprotective effects of vegetables has been linked to their inorganic nitrate content. Approximately 60–80 % inorganic nitrate exposure in the human diet is contributed by vegetable consumption. Although inorganic nitrate is a relatively stable molecule, under specific conditions it can be metabolised in the body to produce NO via the newly discovered nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway. NO is a major signalling molecule in the human body, and has a key role in maintaining vascular tone, smooth muscle cell proliferation, platelet activity and inflammation. Currently, there is accumulating evidence demonstrating that inorganic nitrate can lead to lower blood pressure and improved vascular compliance in humans. The aim of this review is to present an informative, balanced and critical review of the current evidence investigating the role of inorganic nitrate and nitrite in the development, prevention and/or treatment of CVD. Although there is evidence supporting short-term inorganic nitrate intakes for reduced blood pressure, there is a severe lack of research examining the role of long-term nitrate intakes in the treatment and/or prevention of hard CVD outcomes, such as myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality. Epidemiological evidence is needed in this field to justify continued research efforts.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.3390/NU10081005
Abstract: Dietary nitrate is increasingly linked to a variety of beneficial health outcomes. Our purpose was to estimate dietary nitrate consumption and identify key dietary changes which have occurred over time within a representative s le of Australian women. Women from the 1946–1951 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health with complete food frequency questionnaire data for both 2001 and 2013 were included for analysis. Dietary nitrate intakes were calculated using key published nitrate databases. Diet quality scores including the Australian Recommended Food Score, the Mediterranean Diet Score and the Nutrient Rich Foods Index were calculated along with food group serves as per the Australian Dietary Guidelines. Wilcoxon matched pairs tests were used to test for change in dietary intakes and Spearman’s correlations were used to examine associations. In our s le of 8161 Australian women, dietary nitrate intakes were on average 65–70 mg/day, and we detected a significant increase in dietary nitrate consumption over time (+6.57 mg/day). Vegetables were the primary source of dietary nitrate (81–83%), in particular lettuce (26%), spinach (14–20%), beetroot (10–11%), and celery (7–8%) contributed primarily to vegetable nitrate intakes. Further, increased dietary nitrate intakes were associated with improved diet quality scores (r = 0.3, p 0.0001). Although there is emerging evidence indicating that higher habitual dietary nitrate intakes are associated with reduced morbidity and mortality, future work in this area should consider how dietary nitrate within the context of overall diet quality can facilitate health to ensure consistent public health messages are conveyed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.NUTRES.2017.12.007
Abstract: Diabetes affects 9.8% of Australian women. Breakfast cereal consumption is potentially protective against diabetes. This study investigated the effects of breakfast cereal consumption on the 12-year risk of developing diabetes among mid-aged participants of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health (ALSWH). It was hypothesized that any breakfast cereal and higher-fiber breakfast cereals would be protective against the risk of developing diabetes. Data from Survey 3 (S3) to Survey 7 (S7) inclusive, from the 1946-51 ALSWH cohort were analyzed. Dietary data were obtained at S3 and the outcome was incident diabetes between S4-S7. Women were excluded if: they reported existing diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance at S3 dietary data were incomplete or daily energy intake was 20,000 kJ. Logistic regression with discrete time survival analyses investigated the association between breakfast cereal intake and incident diabetes. Models were adjusted for income, BMI, smoking, physical activity, education, and dietary intakes and included a measure of time. There were 637 incident cases of diabetes. Breakfast cereal intake per se was not associated with incident diabetes (OR: 1.00 P = .98). Muesli consumption on its own (OR: 0.74 P = .00) or as a part of oats-based cereal (OR: 0.84 P = .047) was significantly associated with a decrease in the odds of developing diabetes. No other breakfast cereals were significantly associated with diabetes risk. Among mid-aged Australian women, muesli consumption was associated with a reduction in diabetes risk. This effect may be due to a particular profile of muesli eaters, but the relationship warrants further investigation.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2018
Abstract: Depleted nitric oxide levels in the human body play a major role in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. Inorganic nitrate/nitrite (rich dietary sources include beetroot and spinach) can act as a nitric oxide donor because nitrate/nitrite can be metabolized to produce nitric oxide. This review and meta-analysis sought to investigate the role of inorganic nitrate/nitrite in preventing or treating cardiovascular disease risk factors in humans. Electronic databases, including Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane, and Scopus, were searched. Experimental trials examining the effect of oral inorganic nitrate/nitrite intake on cardiovascular disease risk factors were included for systematic analysis. Thirty-four studies were included for qualitative synthesis, 23 of which were eligible for meta-analysis. Included studies measured the following outcomes: blood pressure, endothelial function, arterial stiffness, platelet aggregation, and/or blood lipids. Inorganic nitrate intake was found to significantly reduce resting blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: -4.80 mmHg, P < 0.0001 diastolic blood pressure: -1.74 mmHg, P = 0.001), improve endothelial function (flow-mediated dilatation: 0.59%, P < 0.0001), reduce arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity: -0.23 m/s, P < 0.0001 augmentation index: -2.1%, P = 0.05), and reduce platelet aggregation by 18.9% (P < 0.0001). Inorganic nitrate consumption represents a simple strategy for targeting cardiovascular disease risk factors. Future studies investigating the long-term effects of inorganic nitrate on cardiovascular disease outcomes are warranted.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2002
DOI: 10.1016/S0955-2863(01)00199-1
Abstract: Oxidative stress is believed to be involved in the pathophysiology of a number of chronic diseases including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cataracts and to accelerate the aging process. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of various dietary fats in the in vivo modulation of CCl(4) induced oxidative stress using rat as a model. Rats were raised on diets enriched with saturated (Beef Tallow), n-9 (Sunola oil), n-6 (Safflower oil) or n-3 (Flaxseed oil) fatty acids and exposed to elevated oxidative stress by administration of CCl(4.) Plasma concentration of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha), antioxidant micronutrients and antioxidant enzymes were measured to examine changes to oxidative stress subsequent to the administration of CCl(4). The fatty acid profiles of plasma and RBC membranes reflected the fats fed in the different diets. CCl(4) administration had no significant effect on fatty acid composition of plasma or RBC lipids. Plasma 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) concentrations were elevated by CCl(4) administration regardless of the dietary fat fed. Within the induced oxidative groups the 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) concentrations were highest in Safflower oil followed by Sunola oil, Tallow and finally Flaxseed oil. Induction of oxidative stress by CCl(4) administration was associated with a significant reduction in Vitamin A content reaching a significantly lower concentration (P <0.05) in the Tallow and Flaxseed oil groups. Vitamin E concentrations were significantly lower (p = 0.01) in the Safflower oil and the Flaxseed oil than in the Tallow diet group following CCl(4) administration. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSHPx) activities were not affected by dietary fat manipulation. The results of this study indicate that dietary fat can modulate lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defenses when exposed to a pro-oxidant challenge.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-01-2017
DOI: 10.3390/NU9010057
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-05-2017
DOI: 10.3390/NU9050515
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-2014
Abstract: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of energy misreporting amongst a s le of Malay children aged 9-11 years (n = 14) using a range of commonly used cut points. Participants were interviewed using repeated 24 h dietary recalls over three occasions. The Goldberg equations (1991 and 2000), Torun cut points and the Black and Cole method were applied to the data. Up to 11 of 14 children were classified as misreporters, with more under-reporters (between seven and eight children) than over-reporters (four or less children). There were significant differences in the proportion of children classified as energy misreporters when applying basal metabolic rate calculated using FAO/UNU/WHO (1985) and Malaysian-specific equations (p < 0.05). The results show that energy misreporting is common amongst Malay children, varying according to cut point chosen. Objective evaluation of total energy expenditure would help identify which cut point is appropriate for use in Malay paediatric populations.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-07-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1440-1584.2011.01211.X
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe the current demography of rural dietetic private practice and to determine the drivers and barriers for further development. A sequential explanatory mixed methods approach was used. Document searches and semistructured in-depth in idual interviews were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Six rural case study sites of dietetic service delivery in rural northern New South Wales. Forty key informants including past and present dietitians, dietetic managers and health service managers were recruited, of these a subset of 15 interviews included discussion or comments about private practice in rural areas. Themes identified from the interview transcripts, Medicare enhanced primary care consultation data and public rivate dietetic staffing levels from document searches. Private practice staffing ranged between 0% and 26% of the dietetic workforce across the six sites in 2006. Themes relating to the drivers and barriers for private practice were identified: financial factors, job satisfaction, opportunities for private practice and establishing private practice. There is an opportunity for growth of private practice to meet the gap in public dietetic services in rural areas.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.NUTRES.2013.12.006
Abstract: Obesity is a serious risk factor for chronic disease, and commonly prescribed oral glucocorticoids (OCS) may be contributing to the prevalence of obesity. The objective of this review was to assess the impact of OCS on obesity in humans through effects on body weight (BW), energy intake, appetite, and body composition. An electronic search of English language peer-reviewed studies from 1973 up to March 2012 was conducted using Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Original studies that addressed the effects of OCS on appetite, energy intake, BW, or body composition in adults were considered eligible. Data from 21 studies with objectively measured outcomes were extracted and assessed for quality using standardized tools. The publication year varied from 1986 to 2013, and the s le size, from 6 to 189. Energy intake was measured in 6 studies BW, in 19 studies energy expenditure, in 3 studies body composition, in 6 studies and appetite was evaluated in 3 studies. Short-term oral glucocorticoid therapy may result in small increases in energy intake but does not appear to result in increased BW, possibly due to an increase in energy expenditure. Long-term therapy may result in clinically significant weight gain. Within-subject variation due to metabolism and physical activity levels confounds the relationship. A dose-response relationship of oral glucocorticoid therapy on energy intake, appetite, BW, or body composition was not found. Additional well-designed, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials that use standardized doses of OCS and assess the effects on appetite, energy intake, BW, and composition are strongly justified to confirm the findings of this review.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.11124/JBISRIR-2015-1812
Abstract: What are the effects of weight management interventions that include a diet component on weight-related outcomes in pregnant and postpartum women?The primary objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of weight management interventions which include a diet component and are aimed at limiting gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention in women.The second objective of this systematic review is to investigate included intervention components with respect to effect on weight-related outcomes. This may include, but is not limited to: length of intervention, use of face-to-face counselling, group or in idual consultations, use of other interventions components including exercise, use of goals and use of support tools like food diaries, coaching, including email or text message support. Around half of all women of reproductive age are either overweight or obese, with women aged 25-34 years having a greater risk of substantial weight gain compared with men of all ages. Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and postpartum weight retention (PPWR) may play a significant role in long term obesity. Having one child doubles the five- and 10-year obesity incidence for women, with many women who gain excessive weight during pregnancy remaining obese permanently. Excessive GWG and/or PPWR can also significantly contribute to short- and long-term adverse health outcomes for mother, baby and future pregnancies.Maternal obesity increases the risk of pregnancy related complications such as pre-ecl sia, gestational diabetes mellitus, stillbirth and the rate of caesarean section. Childhood obesity is a further long term complication of maternal obesity for offspring, which may persist in to adulthood. Excess GWG is also a risk factor for PPWR both in the short and long-term. Nehring et al. conducted a meta-analysis with over 65,000 women showing that, compared to women who gained weight within recommendations during pregnancy, women with GWG above Institute of Medicine weight gain recommendations, retained an additional 3.1 kg and 4.7kg after three and greater than or equal to 15 years postpartum, respectively. The health risk associated with PPWR is highlighted in a study of 151,025 Swedish women followed between 1992 and 2001.The study identified the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for those who gained three or more units of Body Mass Index (kg/m2) between consecutive pregnancies (an average of two years) was much higher compared with women whose BMI changed from -1.0 and 0.9 units. Long-term chronic disease risk may also be affected by PPWR as weight retention at the end of the first year post-partum has been found to be a predictor of maternal overweight 15 years later.With around 14-20% of women retaining 5kg or more 12 months postpartum, the risk of developing conditions like diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease may be increased. It becomes evident that interventions which aim to support attainment of healthy weight both in the antenatal and postpartum periods are key health priorities for women during this life stage.Lifestyle factors of overweight, having poor diet quality, and not undertaking enough moderate-to-vigorous physical activity are amongst the top five predictors of mortality in women. Additionally it is noted that, for many women, pregnancy and the postpartum period are associated with a reduction in physical activity. It is known that a combination of poor dietary choices, an increase in sedentary time and reduction in physical activity are all contributors to the development of overweight and obesity. With this in mind, current research has focused on lifestyle interventions to limit GWG and PPWR. Thangaratinam et al. reviewed 44 randomized controlled trials (7278 women) where interventions including diet, physical activity or both were evaluated for their influence on maternal weight during pregnancy. Results indicate that all were significantly effective in reducing GWG compared with the control group. More specifically, dietary interventions were the most effective in reducing weight gain, with a mean weight loss of -3.84kg compared with -0.72kg and -1.06kg for physical activity and the mixed (diet plus physical activity) approach, respectively. This finding is supported by Hill and colleagues' recent systematic review of theory based interventions to limit GWG. Included studies in this review reported an underpinning theory base and were classified as adopting a dietary, physical activity or mixed approach. Hill et al. concluded that studies which included a diet intervention were significantly more effective at limiting GWG.In 2011 Tanentsapf et al. reviewed the effect of dietary interventions alone for reducing GWG in normal weight, overweight and obese pregnant women. This review analysed 13 randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials with a dietary intervention to prevent excessive GWG in women. The review concluded that dietary interventions during pregnancy were effective in reducing GWG with an effect of -1.92kg (n=1434) compared with the control group.Tanentsapf et al. identified that trials differed in the conduct of the interventions with various diet and non-diet related components utilised. Dietary approaches were highly variable with some trials focusing only on calorie restriction and others included additional target macronutrient distribution for intake. Some trials further provided feedback based on maternal weight gain guidelines. Interventions also varied in delivery method with a variety of modes used, including face-to-face, in idual or group consultations and/or written correspondence. The frequency of communication, despite the type or mix, also changed from trial to trial with additional methods via telephone, posted materials, feedback or food diaries utilised. The inclusion of physical activity in addition to diet intervention was also common. Whilst the recent review by Tanentsapf et al. identified that dietary interventions are effective in reducing GWG, the review did not investigate the impact that different intervention components, delivery methods or dietary counselling approaches had on gestational weight management. It remains unclear as to which intervention components optimize GWG in women.The impact of lifestyle interventions has also been investigated in the postpartum period. The recent systematic review from van der Pligt et al. reported seven of 11 studies reviewed were successful in limiting PPWR. As with studies aimed at limiting GWG, interventions included in van der Pligt et al.'s review differed greatly in their conduct. Six of these seven studies included both dietary and physical activity components for the intervention, with the final successful study including a diet only intervention. Five of the successful studies recruited overweight or obese women only. Intervention time varied considerably in successful studies with some running for as little at ten days, and others up to six months.Bertz et al. demonstrated that their 12-week behavior modification intervention which targeted diet alone or diet and exercise, including two in idual sessions with a dietitian and physical therapist, provision of scales for weight self-monitoring and bi-weekly text messages was successful in achieving significant weight loss following the intervention, and sustained at one year. The diet intervention and the diet and exercise intervention yielded significant weight loss compared to the control. Following 12 weeks a reduction of -8.3 +/- 4.2kg for diet intervention and -6.9 +/- 3.0kg for diet and exercise was observed. Additionally after one year, the diet intervention showed -10.2 +/- 5.7kg reduction and -7.3 +/- 6.3kg for the diet and exercise intervention (p<0.001). Colleran et al. also found significant weight change results by implementing a 16-week intervention which consisted of weekly in idual sessions with a dietitian regarding calorie restriction, two additional home visits regarding exercise, weekly food diary completion and email support. The intervention group had greater weight loss compared to the control group (-5.8kg +/- 3.5kg vs -1.6kg +/- 5.4kg). It can be seen that various methods have been utilized in investigating the impact of diet and physical activity interventions on PPWR. The review by van der Pligt et al. highlights the impact successful lifestyle interventions can have on postpartum weight change. However, this review did not investigate the different intervention strategies utilized. It remains unclear as to the optimal setting, delivery method, diet strategy, contact frequency or intervention length to limit PPWR.Previous systematic reviews for both GWG and PPWR have focused on the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions as a whole for weight management in pregnant and postpartum women. And despite Tanentsapf et al.'s focus on dietary interventions for GWG, much is still unknown about the effectiveness of differing diet interventions over the antenatal and postpartum period. Specifically, the impact of differing diet intervention strategies on maternal weight gain is not known. Firstly, this systematic review will focus on whether weight management interventions which include a dietary component are effective in pregnant and postpartum women. In addition to this, this review will investigate the different intervention strategies utilized and their effectiveness in maternal weight management. A search of systematic review protocol databases has shown that there is no current review underway for this topic.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 23-01-2019
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114519000096
Abstract: The consumption of nitrate-rich vegetables can acutely lower blood pressure and improve mediators shown to optimise vascular health. However, we do not yet understand the impact of long-term habitual dietary nitrate intake and its association with CVD. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to examine the relationship between habitual dietary nitrate intakes and risk of CHD in women from the Nurses’ Health Study. We prospectively followed 62 535 women who were free from diabetes, CVD and cancer at baseline in 1986. Information on diet was updated every 4 years with validated FFQ. The main outcome was CHD defined by the occurrence of non-fatal myocardial infarction or fatal CHD. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the relative risks (RR) and 95 % CI. During 26 years of follow-up, 2257 cases of CHD were identified. When comparing the highest quintile of nitrate intake with the lowest quintile, in aged-adjusted analysis there was a protective association for CHD (RR=0·77, 95 % CI 0·68, 0·97 P =0·0002) which dissipated after further adjustment for smoking, physical activity, BMI and race (RR=0·91 95 % CI 0·80, 1·04 P =0·27). This magnitude of association was further attenuated once we adjusted for the Alternative Healthy Eating Index excluding vegetable and fruit consumption (RR=1·04, 95 % CI 0·91, 1·20 P =0·34). Dietary nitrate intake was not related to the risk of CHD after adjustment for other lifestyle and non-vegetable dietary factors in a large group of US women.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2003
DOI: 10.1016/S0955-2863(03)00003-2
Abstract: Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of chronic diseases including atherosclerosis, diabetes, cataracts and accelerated aging. The aim of this study was to elucidate the protective role of vitamin E supplementation when oxidative stress is induced by CCl4 administration, using the rat as a model. Rats were fed diets for four weeks either with or without dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate supplementation. Half of the rats (n = 9) from each of the diet groups were then challenged with CCl4 at the completion of the four week diet period. Plasma levels of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha), antioxidant micronutrients and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured to examine changes in oxidative stress subsequent to the supplementation of dl-alpha-tocopherol in the diet. Plasma alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) concentrations were higher for the groups supplemented with dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate, however the supplemented diet group that was subsequently challenged with CCl4 had significantly lower (p <0.001) plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration than the dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate diet group that was not challenged with CCl4. Total plasma 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) concentration was elevated in diet groups challenged with CCl4, however, the concentration was significantly lower (p <0.001) when the diet was supplemented with dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate. The antioxidant enzymes were not influenced by either dietary alpha-tocopherol manipulation or by the inducement of oxidative stress with CCl4. Plasma concentrations of trans-retinol (vitamin A) were reduced by CCl4 administration in both the dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate supplemented and unsupplemented diet groups. The results of this study indicate that dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate supplementation was protective of lipid peroxidation when oxidative stress is induced by a pro-oxidant challenge such as CCl4.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2011.10.020
Abstract: Describe the socio-demographic/medical correlates of the use of biologically based complementary and alternative medicines (BBCAM) amongst a heterogeneous s le of recent cancer survivors. Cross-sectional analysis was undertaken on the baseline data of a population-based longitudinal study conducted in New South Wales and Victoria, Australia (2006-2008) of cancer survivors 6 months post diagnosis. Participants (n=1323) completed a self-report survey assessing socio-demographic/medical characteristics and use of BBCAM (dietary supplements or vitamins, herbal treatments, and special diets). Twenty-seven percent of respondents (n=349) reported using at least one BBCAM to help manage their cancer and related symptoms. Nutritional supplements and vitamins were the most commonly reported BBCAM (23%). Correlates of BBCAM use included cancer type (bowel [OR=3.3 CI:1.8-5.9], breast [OR=2.4 CI:1.4-4.1], head and neck [OR=3.8 CI: 2.0-7.2], haematological [OR=2.0 CI: 1.1-3.7], prostate [OR=1.8 CI: 1.0-3.9] versus melanoma), education level (university degree [OR=1.6 CI:1.1-2.3] versus secondary school) and treatment types (chemotherapy [OR=2.0 CI:1.4-2.7] versus not, bone marrow/stem cell transplant/immunotherapy [OR=2.3 CI:1.2-4.4] versus not). Providers should openly discuss the use of complementary and alternative therapies with all cancer patients, and given potential safety concerns, be proactive in exploring BBCAM use among the subgroups of survivors identified in this study.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-04-2015
DOI: 10.1111/CEA.12505
Abstract: Oral corticosteroids (OCS) are an efficacious treatment for asthma exacerbations, yet risk of adverse effects may decrease patient adherence to therapy. In particular, changes in appetite and dietary intake, which lead to weight gain and changes in body composition, are considered undesirable. To determine whether 10-day OCS therapy in adults with asthma causes changes in leptin, appetite, dietary intake, body weight and body composition. Double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized cross-over trial of 10 days prednisolone (50 mg) in adults with stable asthma (n = 55) (ACTRN12611000562976). Pre- and post-assessment included spirometry, body weight, body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis, appetite measured using a validated visual analogue scale (VAS) and dietary intake assessed using 4-day food records. Leptin was measured as a biomarker of appetite and eosinophils as an adherence biomarker. Outcomes were analysed by generalized linear mixed models. Subject adherence was confirmed by a significant decrease in blood eosinophils (× 10(9) /L) following prednisolone compared to placebo [Coef. -0.29, 95% CI: (-0.39, -0.19) P < 0.001]. There was no difference in serum leptin (ng/mL) [Coef. 0.13, 95% CI: (-3.47, 3.72) P = 0.945] or appetite measured by VAS (mm) [Coef. -4.93, 95% CI: (-13.64, 3.79) P = 0.267] following prednisolone vs. placebo. There was no difference in dietary intake (kJ/day) [Coef. 255, 95% CI: (-380, 891) P = 0.431], body weight (kg) [Coef. -0.38, 95% CI: (-0.81, 0.05) P = 0.083] or body fat (%) [Coef. -0.31, 95% CI: (-0.81, 0.20) P = 0.230]. Symptoms including sleep and gastrointestinal disturbance were reported significantly more often during prednisolone vs. placebo. Short-term OCS in stable asthma did not induce significant changes in appetite, dietary intake, body weight or composition, although other adverse effects may require medical management. This evidence may assist in increasing medication adherence of asthmatics prescribed OCS for exacerbations.
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1159/000515689
Abstract: b i Background: /i /b Increasing physical activity (PA) and improving diet quality are opportunities to improve secondary stroke prevention, but access to appropriate services is limited. Interventions co-designed with stroke survivors and delivered by telehealth are a potential solution. b i Aim: /i /b The aim of this study is to test the feasibility, safety, and potential efficacy of a 6-month, telehealth-delivered PA and/or dietary (DIET) intervention. b i Methods: /i /b Pilot randomized trial. 80 adults with previous stroke who are living at home with Internet access and able to exercise will be randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial (4-arm) pilot randomized, open-label, blinded outcome assessment trial to receive PA, DIET, PA + DIET, or control interventions via telehealth. The PA intervention aims to support participants to meet the minimum recommended levels of PA (150 min/week moderate exercise), and the DIET intervention aims to support participants to follow the AusMed (Mediterranean-style) diet. The control group receives usual care plus education about PA and healthy eating. The co-primary outcomes are feasibility (proportion and characteristics of eligible participants enrolled and proportion of scheduled intervention sessions attended) and safety (adverse events) at 6 months. The secondary outcomes include recurrent stroke risk factors (blood pressure, physical activity levels, and diet quality), fatigue, mood, and quality of life. Outcomes are measured at 3, 6, and 12 months. b i Conclusion: /i /b This trial will produce evidence for the feasibility, safety, and potential effect of telehealth-delivered PA and DIET interventions for people with stroke. Results will inform development of an appropriately powered trial to test effectiveness to reduce major risk factors for recurrent stroke. b i Trial registration: /i /b ACTRN12620000189921.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 25-05-2023
DOI: 10.2196/49357
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2004
DOI: 10.1007/S11745-004-1261-Z
Abstract: The health benefits of long-chain n-3 PUFA (20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3) depend on the extent of incorporation of these FA into plasma and tissue lipids. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the background dietary fat (saturated, monounsaturated, or n-6 polyunsaturated) on the quantitative incorporation of dietary 18:3n-3 and its elongated and desaturated products into the plasma and the liver lipids of rats. Female weanling Wistar rats (n = 54) were randomly assigned to six diet groups (n = 9). The fat added to the semipurified diets was tallow (SFA), tallow plus linseed oil (SFA-LNA), sunola oil (MUFA), sunola oil plus linseed oil (MUFA-LNA), sunflower oil (PUFA), or sunflower oil plus linseed oil (PUFA-LNA). At the completion of the 4-wk feeding period, quantitative FA analysis of the liver and plasma was undertaken by GC. The inclusion of linseed oil in the rat diets increased the level of 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, and, to a smaller degree, 22:6n-3 in plasma and liver lipids regardless of the background dietary fat. The extent of incorporation of 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, and 22:5n-3 followed the order SFA-LNA > MUFA-LNA > PUFA-LNA. Levels of 22:6n-3 were increased to a similar extent regardless of the type of major fat in the rat diets. This indicates that the background diet affects the incorporation in liver and plasma FA pools of the n-3 PUFA with the exception of 22:6n-3 and therefore the background diet has the potential to influence the already established health benefits of long-chain n-3 fatty acids.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
Abstract: The prenatal environment can induce permanent changes in offspring phenotype. Thinness at birth is associated with adult risk of cardiometabolic disease. The objective was to investigate the association between maternal nutrition during pregnancy and intrauterine development of fetal body composition. We used prospective data from 179 Australian women with singleton pregnancies from the Women and Their Children's Health Study. A validated food-frequency questionnaire was used at 18-24 wk and 36-40 wk of gestation to quantify maternal diet during the previous 3 mo of pregnancy. Fetal body-composition measurements were ascertained from abdominal and midthigh sites by ultrasound performed at 19, 25, 30, and 36 wk. The subcutaneous fat area at each site was calculated by subtracting the lean/visceral area from the total area. In linear mixed-model regressions, maternal intakes of protein (b = -0.13 P = 0.04) and starch (b = 0.10 P = 0.02) and the protein:carbohydrate ratio (b = -3.61 P = 0.02) were associated with the percentage of abdominal fat, whereas SFA (b = 0.27 P = 0.04) and PUFA (b = -0.48 P = 0.03) were associated with the percentage of midthigh fat. Response surfaces for fetal adiposity were maximized at different macronutrient intakes. Abdominal fat was highest with low protein intakes ( 40% of energy), and low carbohydrate (<40% of energy) intakes. Fetal body composition may be modifiable via nutritional intervention in the mother and thus may play an important role in influencing the offspring's risk of future disease.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-02-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-05-2016
DOI: 10.1111/CEA.12742
Abstract: Adipokines, such as resistin and adiponectin, modify inflammation and may contribute to increased asthma risk and severity in obese people. To examine plasma resistin and resistin:adiponectin ratio (i) in asthmatics compared to healthy controls, (ii) according to asthma severity, obesity and gender (iii) following weight loss in obese asthmatics. In a cross-sectional observational study of asthmatic adults (n = 96) and healthy controls (n = 46), plasma resistin and adiponectin were measured. In a separate intervention study, obese asthmatic adults (n = 27) completed a 10-week weight loss intervention and plasma resistin and adiponectin concentrations were analysed. Plasma resistin and resistin:adiponectin ratio were higher in asthma compared to controls and were higher again in subjects with a severe vs. mild-to-moderate asthma pattern. Amongst asthmatic subjects, resistin was not modified by gender or obesity, while adiponectin was lower in males and obese subjects. As a result, resistin:adiponectin ratio was higher in obese males, non-obese males and obese females, compared to non-obese females. In a logistic regression model, plasma resistin concentration was a predictor of asthma risk. In a multiple linear regression model, plasma resistin:adiponectin ratio was a negative predictor of FEV1 in asthma. Following weight loss, neither resistin, adiponectin nor resistin:adiponectin ratio was changed. However, the change (∆) in %body fat was associated with ∆ resistin:adiponectin ratio. Post-intervention ∆ resistin was negatively correlated with both ∆FRC and ∆RV. This study demonstrates that resistin and resistin:adiponectin ratio are higher in asthma and are higher again in subjects who have more severe disease. Resistin:adiponectin ratio is highest in obese male asthmatics. As resistin is a predictor of asthma risk and resistin:adiponectin is a predictor of FEV1 in asthma, these adipokines may be contributing to the obese asthma phenotype, thus providing a potential therapeutic target for obese asthma.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-05-1970
DOI: 10.1111/JHN.12330
Abstract: Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with adverse maternal-child health outcomes. Managing energy intake and GWG versus optimising nutrient intake can be challenging. The present study aimed to examine the relationships between dietary portion size, GWG and nutrient intakes during pregnancy. It is hypothesised that, after adjustment for potential confounders, portion size would be positively associated with both GWG and nutrient intakes during pregnancy. Prospective data were obtained for 179 Australian women from the Women and Their Children's Health Study. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used at 18-24 and 36-40 weeks of gestation to quantify diet and portion size during the previous 3 months of pregnancy. Nutrient intakes were compared with Australian Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs). GWG was measured up to 36 weeks and compared with the Institute of Medicine weight gain recommendations (WtAdh). In multivariate regression models, portion size factor (PSF) was positively associated with GWG in women with high socio-economic status (SES β = 0.20, P = 0.04) and those with an overweight/obese pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.28, P = 0.04). PSF uniquely accounted for 8.2% and 3.7% of the variability in GWG for women with high SES and overweight/obese pre-pregnancy BMIs, respectively. Nutrient intakes and PSF were similar regardless of WtAdh. Women achieved NRVs for calcium and zinc in all PSF categories. Most of the women with large PSF still failed to achieve the NRVs for folate (95.7%), iron (89.6%) and fibre (85.5%). All women require advice on quality food choices during pregnancy to optimise health outcomes. Targeting portion size alone is insufficient to manage GWG but may prove to be a valuable tool in pregnant women of high SES and/or those who are overweight/obese pre-pregnancy.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 26-11-2010
DOI: 10.1017/S1460396910000257
Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine radiation therapists’ knowledge on the nutritional management of side effects for patients receiving treatment to the gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary system and to determine the willingness of radiation therapists’ to participate in nutritional training. Method: A cross-sectional survey at a Radiation Oncology Treatment Centre was performed coupled with a semi-structured interview to explore radiation therapists’ knowledge and experiences related to patient nutritional care. Results: Eighty-one percent of participants agreed that they were often asked by patients for advice on eating. The majority of participants recognised that providing adequate nutrition support would be beneficial in terms of patient outcomes (91%) and ongoing patient compliance with nutrition advice (81%). However, participants demonstrated low confidence in providing nutrition support. Eighty-six percent of radiation therapists had not received any training on nutritional interventions and 100% of radiation therapists were interested in receiving more training. Conclusion: This research indicates that radiations therapists are often asked for nutritional advice by patients and recognise the associated benefits but are not confident in providing advice. Our findings reveal an opportunity for radiation therapists to provide scripted nutrition advice to patients to reinforce recommendations made by dietitian.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-09-2019
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.293
Abstract: Lifestyle interventions use nutrition and physical activity behaviour modification techniques to decrease obesity and cardio-metabolic risk in people with psychosis. Evidence on the specific behaviour modification strategies applied to decrease obesity is weakened by inadequate methodology reporting of lifestyle interventions. A systematic review that we conducted earlier highlighted a possible deficiency in reporting hence we aim to critically appraise lifestyle intervention studies that target weight outcomes for people with psychosis against the methods component of the CONSORT statement for randomised trials of nonpharmacologic treatments. We considered randomised controlled studies which delivered lifestyle interventions to community-dwelling adults with psychotic disorders, and included those with the following outcomes of interest: weight, body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio. The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE/PREMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and PsycINFO were searched for English publications between 1985 and 2018. Methodology and reporting of studies were evaluated using the CONSORT statement for randomised trials of nonpharmacologic treatments. Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Critical appraisals revealed that reporting of lifestyle intervention studies was generally incomplete. Fewer than 50% provided the recommended information on trial design, participant characteristics, detail of interventions, outcomes, s le size, randomisation, blinding and statistical methods. Application of guidelines, like the CONSORT statement, in future publications of lifestyle interventions for people with psychosis will improve accuracy of reporting. SO WHAT?: Enhanced reporting in lifestyle intervention studies for people with psychosis will promote guideline creation and translation of research, which is likely to positively impact physical health outcomes.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-04-2020
DOI: 10.3390/NU12041044
Abstract: The Mediterranean diet pattern (MEDI) is associated with a lower risk of chronic conditions related to ageing. Adherence research mostly comes from Mediterranean countries with high cultural acceptability. This study examines the feasibility of a MEDI intervention designed specifically for older Australians (AusMed). Phase 1 involved a consumer research group (n = 17) presentation of program materials with surveys after each section. In-depth in idual semi-structured interviews (n = 6) were then conducted. All participants reported increased knowledge and confidence in adherence to the MEDI, with the majority preferring a booklet format (70%) and group delivery (58%). Three themes emerged from interviews—1. barriers (complexity, perceived cost and food preferences), 2. additional support and 3. in idualisation of materials. Program materials were modified accordingly. Phase 2 was a 2-week trial of the modified program (n = 15). Participants received a group counselling session, program manual and food h er. Adherence to the MEDI was measured by the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). All participants increased their adherence after the 2-week trial, from a mean score of 5.4 ± 2.4 (low adherence) to a mean score of 9.6 ± 2.0 (moderate to high adherence). All found that text message support helped achieve their goals and were confident to continue the dietary change.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 30-05-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-4887.2012.00481.X
Abstract: Research reporting diet during pregnancy in nationally representative s les is limited. This review summarizes the dietary intakes of pregnant women in developed countries and compares them with national recommendations. A systematic search without date limits was conducted. All studies reporting the macronutrient intakes of pregnant women were considered, irrespective of design. Two authors independently identified the studies to be included and assessed the methodological quality. Nutritional adequacy was summarized, with confounding factors considered. Meta-analysis data are reported for developed countries collectively, by geographical region, and by dietary methodology. Energy and macronutrient intakes of pregnant women do not match national recommendations. Energy and fiber intakes were consistently below recommendations, while total fat and saturated fat intakes were generally above recommendations and carbohydrate and polyunsaturated fat intakes were below to borderline low compared with recommendations. A mismatch between dietary practices and macronutrient recommendations in pregnant women is widespread and not well quantified. The implications of these practices are unknown until further research compares maternal diet with short-term and long-term maternal and offspring health outcomes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.METABOL.2017.12.009
Abstract: Dietary phytosterols (PS) are well-known hypocholesterolaemic agents. Curcumin elicits hypolipidaemic and anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical studies, however, consistent findings in humans are lacking. Concurrent PS and curcumin supplementation may exhibit enhanced hypocholesterolaemic and anti-inflammatory effects to optimise cardio-protection. The objective of this trial was to investigate the effects of dietary intervention with PS with or without curcumin on blood lipids (primary outcome) in hypercholesterolaemic in iduals. A double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial trial was conducted in hypercholesterolaemic in iduals. Participants received either placebo (PL, no phytosterols or curcumin), phytosterols (PS, 2 g/d), curcumin (CC, 200 mg/d) or a combination of PS and curcumin (PS-CC, 2 g/d-200 mg/d respectively) for four weeks. Primary outcomes included fasting total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), TC-to-HDL-C ratio (TC:HDL-C). Secondary outcomes included anthropometrics and fasting blood glucose concentrations. Seventy participants with a mean (±SEM) fasting TC concentration of 6.57 ± 0.13 mmol/L completed the study (PL, n = 18 PS, n = 17 CC, n = 18 PS-CC, n = 17). PS and PS-CC supplementation significantly lowered TC, LDL-cholesterol and TC:HDL-C post-intervention (p < 0.05). Reductions from baseline in the PS group were 4.8% and 8.1% for TC and LDL-cholesterol respectively (p < 0.05). CC exhibited non-significant reduction (2.3% and 2.6%) in TC and LDL-C respectively, however, the PS-CC resulted in a greater reduction in TC (11.0%) and LDL-cholesterol (14.4%) than either of the treatments alone (p < 0.0001). The reduction in the PS-CC treatment was significantly greater compared to those for CC (p < 0.05) or PL (p < 0.01) alone. Plasma HDL-cholesterol and TG concentrations remained unchanged across all groups. No adverse side effects were reported. The addition of curcumin to phytosterol therapy provides a complementary cholesterol-lowering effect that is larger than phytosterol therapy alone. Implications of these findings include the development of a single functional food containing both the active ingredients for enhanced lipid-lowering and compliance in hypercholesterolaemic in iduals. ANZCTR identifier: 1261500095650.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.MIDW.2017.01.003
Abstract: to explore motivations for weight change, weight loss methods used and factors perceived to influence healthy eating and physical activity for weight management following childbirth, and to evaluate differences by socio-demographic, weight status and pregnancy characteristics. cross-sectional online survey completed from May to August 2013. Australian women (n=874, aged 32.8±4.5 years, pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index 25.6±5.7kg/m the most prevalent motivators reported for weight change were to improve health (26.1%) and lift mood (20.3%). Three-quarters (75.7%) of women reported having used at least one weight loss method in the previous two years. Time constraints due to family commitments, enjoyment of physical activity and healthy eating, motivation and cost were factors most commonly reported to influence weight management. Body mass index, parity, education, household income and time since last birth were related to motivations for weight change, weight loss methods used and/or factors perceived to influence weight management. weight management support provided by health professionals should consider women's expressed motivators and factors influencing weight management, along with differences in sociodemographic, pregnancy and weight status characteristics, in order to engage women at this life-stage and facilitate adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviours.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-08-2006
DOI: 10.1002/JSFA.2603
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-03-2021
DOI: 10.3390/NU13030909
Abstract: There is a lack of evidence to determine if diet quality is associated with cognitive performance in older adults. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether diet quality is associated with cognitive performance among older adults. A cross-sectional, secondary analysis of baseline data from the Hunter Community Study (HCS), comparing diet quality, measured using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS), along with validated cognitive performance instruments the Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen (ARCS) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were undertaken in adults aged 55–85 years, living in Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Adjusted linear regression analyses showed that, compared with the lowest ARFS quintile, those in the highest quintile had an ARCS score 5.883 units greater (p 0.001 R2 = 0.0098). Furthermore, when quintiles of ARFS score were tested against each ARCS sub-scale score, statistically significant associations were observed with the greatest effect for the Memory (β = 4.055 p = 0.001 R2 = 0.0065) and Attention (β = 4.136 p = 0.002 R2 = 0.0047) domains. No statistically significant associations were observed between quintiles of ARFS and MMSE score in the adjusted linear regression analyses. In conclusion, a positive association was observed between diet quality and cognitive performance within this s le of older Australian adults. Further investigation of the above association over time, when follow-up data becomes available, in longitudinal analysis is recommended.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 25-05-2023
Abstract: eople living with chronic health conditions need support to manage risk factors such as physical inactivity and poor diet. Access to websites providing health information may be an efficient and effective way to manage chronic disease. o determine whether having access to self-directed websites improves physical activity levels and/or diet quality in people living with chronic health conditions. Secondary aims are to evaluate effectiveness of self-directed websites on self-efficacy and quality of life and to compare self-directed websites to websites with additional supports (e.g., tailored interventions or interventions supported by a health care professional). his review is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PEDro databases were searched from earliest available until February 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating effectiveness of self-directed websites on levels of physical activity and/or diet quality in adults with a chronic health condition were included. If included trials reported on quality of life and/or self-efficacy, these data were also extracted. Two independent reviewers completed data extraction. Risk of bias of included trials was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale. The overall certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grades of Research, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. For outcomes where values were presented as the same unit of measure, data were pooled for meta-analysis to yield an overall mean difference (MD). A standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated for pooled data where different units were used for the same outcome. Where data of trials could not be included in a pooled analysis, in idual trial data were described. wenty-nine trials (n= 6418 participants) were included for analysis. There was moderate certainty evidence that access to self-directed websites increased levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (mean difference [MD], 39 minutes/week 95% CI, [18.60 – 58.47]), quality of life (SMD 0.36, 95% CI [0.12 to 0.59]) and self-efficacy (SMD 0.26, 95% CI [0.05 to 0.48]) and high certainty evidence for reduction in processed meat consumption (MD, 1.1 portions per week, 95% CI [0.70 to 1.58]) when compared with usual care. No differences were detected for other measures of diet quality. There was no added benefit of providing additional support to website access when compared with self-directed websites. ccess to self-directed websites can improve physical activity levels, quality of life and self-efficacy. It can also reduce processed meat consumption in people living with chronic health conditions when compared with usual care. Our findings support the development and implementation of disease specific self-directed websites to facilitate long term risk factor management related to physical activity and diet quality for people living with chronic health conditions. ROSPERO (CRD42021283168)
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.11124/JBISRIR-2017-003653
Abstract: The objective of this umbrella review is to determine the characteristics of dietary interventions delivered any time before, during or after pregnancy for women living in developed countries, identified in quantitative systematic reviews as effective for improving mother and infant health outcomes and feasible for translation into practice. Specifically, the review will address the following questions: i) For which mother and infant health outcomes are dietary interventions occurring before, during or after pregnancy most effective and what harms are associated with dietary interventions in this population? ii) For each mother and infant health outcome in this population, what is the overall certainty in the findings and strength of recommendations which may assist in applying the research findings into practice? iii) What are the characteristics of effective dietary intervention in this population that have led to improvements in outcomes and may be feasible for translation into practice? For the purpose of this overview, dietary interventions encompass the broad scope of dietary manipulations, including the direct provision of food and/or nutrients to participants, nutrition education, nutrition counseling, nutrition care teams, or any combination of these four intervention types. Both a narrative and quantitative summary on the effect of maternal dietary interventions on maternal and infant health outcomes as compared with usual care will be provided. The quantitative summary of the maternal and infant outcomes will be supported by an appraisal of the certainty of evidence of the effects and the strength of the recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. 1
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-12-2012
DOI: 10.3390/NU4121958
Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
Date: 06-2017
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00180-2017
Abstract: Biomarkers that predict responses to oral corticosteroids (OCS) facilitate patient selection for asthma treatment. We hypothesised that asthma patients would respond differently to OCS therapy, with biomarkers and inflammometry predicting response. Adults with stable asthma underwent a randomised controlled cross-over trial of 50 mg prednisolone daily for 10 days (n=55). A six-gene expression biomarker signature ( CLC , CPA3 , DNASE1L3 , IL1B , ALPL and CXCR2 ) in induced sputum, and eosinophils in blood and sputum were assessed and predictors of response were investigated (changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (ΔFEV 1 ), six-item Asthma Control Questionnaire score (ΔACQ6) or exhaled nitric oxide fraction (Δ F eNO )). At baseline, responders to OCS (n=25) had upregulated mast cell CPA3 gene expression, poorer lung function, and higher sputum and blood eosinophils. Following treatment, CLC and CPA3 gene expression was reduced, whereas DNASE1L3, IL1B, ALPL and CXCR2 expression remained unchanged. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed the six-gene expression biomarker signature as a better predictor of clinically significant responses to OCS than blood and sputum eosinophils. The six-gene expression signature including eosinophil and Th2 related mast cell biomarkers showed greater precision in predicting OCS response in stable asthma. Thus, a novel sputum gene expression signature highlights an additional role of mast cells in asthma, and could be a useful measurement to guide OCS therapy in asthma.
Publisher: IGI Global
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0920-2.CH011
Abstract: Mental health have become a very influential topic around the world due to the increase of mental health issues that have been reported through national research and surveys. Many studies have been done along the years around the barriers in regards to seeking help in deferent countries and communities. This research aims to look closely into these barriers targeting issues and potential solutions, specifically for Saudi Arabia. Recently, the use of e-mental health services have proven to be an effective method to improve is barriers to mental health treatment. However, this chapter addresses the application and suitably of e-mental health programs for Saudi Arabia mental health services. To do so, a case study of Australian e-mental health services was selected to assist with the investigations.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-10-2016
DOI: 10.3390/NU8110670
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 03-2002
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 04-10-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2002
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 14-10-2019
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980019002842
Abstract: To explore if better diet quality scores as a measure of adherence to the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) and the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) are associated with a lower incidence of hypertension and non-fatal CVD. Prospective analysis of the 1946–1951 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH). The Australian Recommended Foods Score (ARFS) was calculated as an indicator of adherence to the ADG the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) measured adherence to the MedDiet. Outcomes included hypertension and non-fatal CVD. Generalised estimating equations estimated OR and 95 % CI across quartiles of diet quality scores. Australia, 2001–2016. 1946–1951 cohort of the ALSWH ( n 5324), without CVD, hypertension and diabetes at baseline (2001), with complete FFQ data. There were 1342 new cases of hypertension and 629 new cases of non-fatal CVD over 15 years of follow-up. Multivariate analysis indicated that women reporting better adherence to the ARFS (≥38/74) had 15 % (95 % CI 1, 28 % P = 0·05) lower odds of hypertension and 46 % (95 % CI 6, 66 % P = 0·1) lower odds of non-fatal CVD. Women reporting better adherence to the MDS (≥8/17) had 27 % (95 % CI 15, 47 % P = 0·0006) lower odds of hypertension and 30 % (95 % CI 2, 50 % P = 0·03) lower odds of non-fatal CVD. Better adherence to diet quality scores is associated with lower risk of hypertension and non-fatal CVD. These results support the need for updated evidenced based on the ADG as well as public health nutrition policies in Australia.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-01-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S40795-019-0317-4
Abstract: Breakfast is often regarded as “the most important meal of the day” but there is limited reporting of the foods/beverages currently constituting a typical breakfast. This study investigated current breakfast habits of Australian men. Men aged 18-44y were recruited from metropolitan and regional NSW Australia and completed an online survey investigating breakfast consumption habits and other lifestyle parameters including demographic characteristics and waking habits. 112 men participated. Most (83.5%) ate breakfast ≥5 times/week and consumed this meal before 8 am (84.0%). Breakfast for habitual breakfast eaters consisted of one or more of the following foods or beverages eaten ≥5 times/week: breakfast cereal (50.0%), milk for cereal (51.1%), fruit (28.7%), toast (13.8%), spreads (11.7%), yogurt (12.8%), and/or coffee (40.4%). Breakfast may also include the following foods 1–4 times/week: eggs (58.5%), bacon (30.9%), juice (19.1%), and/or tea (17.0%). A majority of Australian men younger than 45 years old were found to eat breakfast most days of the week. Cereal, milk and fruit were the most common foods consumed for breakfast. Breakfast is considered to be an important meal among health professionals and we found a majority of Australian men do eat breakfast regularly. Approximately half of the young men in the study reported consuming cereal and milk for breakfast most of the time, a breakfast option that is linked to higher daily wholegrain, fibre and micro-nutrient intakes.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C8FO02512F
Abstract: A novel functional food containing phytosterols and curcumin significantly lowers blood cholesterol concentrations in hypercholesterolaemic in iduals.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-08-2023
DOI: 10.1002/JMRS.713
Abstract: Radiation therapy treatment for breast cancer may negatively impact patients' health‐related quality of life. Evidence suggests exercise and nutrition interventions may be beneficial to patients experiencing compromised health‐related quality of life. This study investigates whether radiation oncology practitioners support the implementation of a tailored exercise and nutrition intervention for patients and explores their interest in participating in training for exercise and nutrition as interventions. Data were collected by an online survey, deployed to public and private radiation oncology departments, across three Australian states (Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland). The survey was completed between June and August 2020. Radiation oncologists, radiation oncology registrars, radiation therapists and radiation oncology nurses completed the survey. The survey included demographics, patient assessment and questions regarding the radiation oncology practitioners' use of exercise and nutrition as interventions. Of 192 practitioners targeted, 76 completed the survey, for a response rate of 40%. Of 76 respondents, 42% ‘sometimes’ recommended exercise and 41% ‘sometimes’ recommended nutrition as health‐related quality of life interventions to their patients. The majority indicated they would benefit from more training in these subjects, with 58% for exercise and 55% for nutrition. 47 per cent of respondents thought patients would benefit from a tailored exercise and nutrition programme and 62% agreed they would refer patients to a programme if it were available. Radiation oncology practitioners reported they need training in exercise and nutrition to better understand how this can benefit the health‐related quality of life of breast cancer patients. Also, the findings indicate that if such an exercise and nutrition intervention were readily available, practitioners would refer patients who may benefit from this intervention.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.PLIPRES.2016.08.002
Abstract: The most common form of phytosterol (PS) fortified foods are fat spreads and dairy products. The predominant fats used are soybean/sunflower (SS) or rapeseed/canola (RC) oils and animal fat (D) in dairy products. This review aimed to investigate whether the carrier fat is a determinant of the hypocholesterolaemic effects of PS fortified foods. Databases were searched using relevant keywords and published RCTs from 1990 investigating the effects of dietary PS intervention (≥1.5g per day) on total cholesterol and LDL-C were included. After methodological quality assessment and data extraction, a total of 32 RCTs (RC, n=15 SS, n=9 D, n=8) were included. As expected, all fat groups significantly reduced TC and LDL-C (p<0.01). When compared across different carrier fats, RC as the main carrier fat, reduced LDL-C significantly more than the SS spreads (p=0.01). Therefore, a combination of monounsaturated fatty acid rich spread with adequate amounts of omega-3 fatty acids (as evident in RC spreads) may be the superior carrier fat for the delivery of PS for optimal blood cholesterol-lowering. The findings of this research provide useful evidence for optimising the hypocholesterolaemic effects of PS and support further investigation into the possible mechanisms behind these findings.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-2021
DOI: 10.1177/03080226211034420
Abstract: The aim was to explore occupational participation and quality of life (QoL) for power mobility device users with chronic disease. Arksey and O’Malley’s framework for scoping reviews was used. Six data bases were searched using keywords: wheelchair, scooter, QoL and participation. Data were extracted with coding and thematic analysis performed. Forty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. An overarching theme of enhanced QoL was identified with subthemes of (i) independence, (ii) enabling participation in instrumental activities of daily living, (iii) enhanced social participation and leisure, (iv) environmental barriers to occupational participation, (vi) power mobility device (PMD) performance concerns impacting occupational participation and (vii) overcoming risk of harm through PMD training. The scoping review identified a heterogeneity of study designs and outcome measures, which makes comparison between studies difficult. For people with chronic diseases, PMDs improve independence in occupational participation, particularly in IADL, social participation and leisure. Unfortunately, improved QoL was often inferred, without the use of an outcome measure. Areas which impacted occupational participation for PMD users were environmental barriers and a lack of PMD training. Further research is needed to understand the impact of a PMD on QoL and occupational participation for those with chronic disease.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-08-2009
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-1999
DOI: 10.1136/ADC.81.3.241
Abstract: To assess the impact of lifetime continuous care within the John Hunter Hospital cystic fibrosis (CF) clinics on growth and lung function. A cross sectional survey of variables affecting nutritional status in CF was undertaken for 1993 and 1997. Data were retrieved from medical records and grouped into 5 year age bands. Change in height z-score, weight centile, and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) between patient cohorts receiving specialised care for different lengths of time. Improved mean height z-score (-0.880 v -0.047) and weight centile (28.3% v 48.1%) for the 10-15 year age group in 1997, who had received continuous lifetime care within the clinic, compared with the same age group in 1993, for whom continuous medical care started at an older age. There was no corresponding improvement in FEV(1), as an indicator of lung function, in this group (81.6% predicted v 89.5% predicted). This study suggests that lifetime continuous care within a specialised CF centre is associated with improved growth but not improved lung function.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-08-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12913-020-05629-0
Abstract: Research in lifestyle interventions focusing on nutrition and physical activity in people living with psychotic illness, highlights anthropometric and metabolic benefits of these interventions. However, little is known about potential factors to consider during implementation into real-world contexts. Community-managed organisations (CMOs) that provide services for people with mental illness, offer an ideal implementation context for lifestyle interventions. Successful translation of lifestyle interventions into CMOs may be achieved though considering the factors associated with program access and delivery in these settings. This study primarily aimed to identify the factors that affect program access in a local CMO from the perspective of consumers and staff. The secondary aim was to describe the elements that impact on program delivery from the perspective of staff. Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with 6 consumers and 7 staff in a CMO in regional Australia. Topics explored in interviews were based on implementation concepts identified in the “Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Systems” (i-PARIHS) knowledge translation framework. Thematic data analysis was conducted using Nvivo software. Emergent themes on issues that influenced program access were (1) consumer financial status, domestic responsibilities, and health (2) the design and delivery of programs (3) structure and practices of the organisation (4) attitude, skills and effort of staff involved in program delivery and (5) social connections and stigma experienced by consumers during program access. Moreover, staff perceptions on elements that impacted program delivery highlighted themes on consumer attendance and interest in prospective programs, availability and restrictions to the use of funding, as well as the organisational structure and practices. The factors affecting program access and delivery can generally be managed or planned for during the design of lifestyle interventions and subsequent translation into the CMO context. However, resolution of issues related to consumer financial status and health requires the collaboration of various government sectors for system-wide solutions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-06-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-03-2013
DOI: 10.1111/RESP.12015
Abstract: Dietary intake is an important modifiable risk factor for asthma and may be related to disease severity and inflammation, through the effects of intake of anti-oxidant-rich foods and pro-inflammatory nutrients. This study aimed to examine dietary intake in asthma in relation to asthma severity, lung function, inhaled corticosteroid use, leptin levels and inflammation. Food frequency questionnaires, spirometry and hypertonic saline challenge were completed by 137 stable asthmatics and 65 healthy controls. Plasma leptin was analysed by immunoassay. Induced sputum differential cell counts were determined. Subjects with severe persistent asthma consumed more fat and less fibre as compared with healthy controls (odds ratio 1.04 (95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.07), P = 0.014) (odds ratio 0.94 (95% confidence interval: 0.90-0.99), P = 0.018). Among asthmatics, higher fat and lower fibre intakes were associated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s and airway eosinophilia. Leptin levels were increased in both male and female asthmatics as compared with healthy controls. No association existed among asthmatics between corticosteroid use and dietary intake. It was found that asthmatics within the subgroup of severe persistent asthma have a different pattern of dietary intake as compared with healthy controls, which was associated with lower lung function and increased airway inflammation.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2017
DOI: 10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-003121
Abstract: (i) To systematically review and rank the efficacy of different types of lifestyle intervention strategies on weight outcomes (weight, body mass index [BMI], waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio) in people with psychosis. (The efficacy of different types of lifestyle intervention strategies will be ranked by comparing the effect size on weight outcomes in people with psychotic disorders.) (ii) To stratify lifestyle interventions that target weight outcomes (weight, BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio) in people with psychosis, according to their inclusion of dietary information that adheres with Australian Dietary Guidelines (National Health and Medical Research Council. Eat for Health, Australian Dietary Guidelines Canberra National Health and Medical Research Council 2013). Specifically, the review question is: What lifestyle intervention strategies targeting weight outcomes (weight, BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio) in people with psychosis compared to no treatment or various control conditions have the best efficacy?
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-03-2019
DOI: 10.3390/NU11040711
Abstract: Convincing evidence exists for the positive effect of an improvement in diet quality on age-related cognitive decline, in part due to dietary fatty acid intake. A cross-sectional analysis of data from the Hunter Community Study (HCS) (n = 2750) was conducted comparing dietary data from a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) with validated cognitive performance measures, Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen (ARCS) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Adjusted linear regression analysis found statistically significant associations between dietary intake of total n-6 fatty acids (FA), but no other FAs, and better cognitive performance as measured by the ARCS (RC = 0.0043 p = 0.0004 R2 = 0.0084). Multivariate regression analyses of n-6 FA intakes in quartiles showed that, compared with the lowest quartile (179.8–1150.3 mg), those in the highest quartile (2315.0–7449.4 mg) had a total ARCS score 2.1 units greater (RC = 10.60466 p = 0.006 R2 = 0.0081). Furthermore, when n-6 FA intake was tested against each of the ARCS domains, statistically significant associations were observed for the Fluency (RC = 0.0011432 p = 0.007 R2 = 0.0057), Visual (RC = 0.0009889 p = 0.034 R2 = 0.0050), Language (RC = 0.0010651 p = 0.047 R2 = 0.0068) and Attention (RC = 0.0011605 p = 0.017 R2 = 0.0099) domains, yet there was no association with Memory (RC = −0.000064 p = 0.889 R2 = 0.0083). No statistically significant associations were observed between FA intakes and MMSE. A higher intake of total n-6 FA, but not other types of FA, was associated with better cognitive performance among a representative s le of older aged Australian adults.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.11124/JBISRIR-2017-003943
Abstract: The objective of this review was to pool and rank the efficacy of lifestyle intervention strategies targeting weight, body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio in people with psychosis by comparing the effect size of these weight outcomes. Secondary to this, the objective was to stratify the lifestyle interventions according to their inclusion of dietary information that adheres to Australian Dietary Guidelines. People living with psychosis have a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality, with cardiovascular disease a considerable contributor to this risk. Controlling lifestyle risk factors, which include smoking, poor diet and inadequate physical activity, leads to significant weight reduction and decreases cardiovascular disease risk. Previous reviews on this topic have not clearly identified essential components of lifestyle interventions in people with psychosis, mainly due to statistical limitations of analyses. This review employed a network meta-analysis, which compares more than two groups of interventions and ranks them according to efficacy, thus providing a global estimate of effect. Additionally, available reviews have not assessed compliance of dietary information offered in lifestyle interventions to established guidelines. This review considered randomized controlled trials that delivered lifestyle interventions to community-dwelling adults with psychotic disorders. Outcomes of interest included weight, body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio. The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE/PreMEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and PsycINFO were searched for studies published in English from 1985 to June 2018. Data were qualitatively summarized, during which lifestyle intervention subgroups were created (based on key similarities) and then compared in direct meta-analyses and network meta-analyses. Assessment of study adherence to Australian Dietary Guidelines was conducted in a narrative format. Thirty-two randomized controlled trials were included, and the overall quality of these studies ranged from what appeared to be low to moderate. Lifestyle intervention studies contained both a dietary and physical activity component, with the exception of two studies that focused solely on physical activity. Delivery of dietary and physical activity information was mainly through education however, some studies provided additional structure to the intervention by offering tailored advice or helping participants to set goals, and providing regular review of progress for diet, physical activity or both. Results from network-meta-analyses showed that only studies with a structured approach for both diet and physical activity demonstrated significant decreases in weight (effect size = −4.12, 95% confidence interval = −7.772 to −2.760, P = 0.000) and body mass index (effect size = −2.94, 95% confidence interval = −1.78 to −0.357, P = 0.003). Waist circumference subgroup comparisons mainly comprised single studies therefore, findings were inconclusive. Dietary information provided in studies generally complied with Australian Dietary Guidelines however, none of the studies complied with all guidelines. Lifestyle interventions incorporating both dietary and physical activity components led to the greatest decreases in weight (4.1 kg) and body mass index (2.9 points) among people with psychosis. Important intervention strategies for both components are the personalization of education through tailored advice or goal setting, and a corresponding progress review. Dietary information in the included studies appeared to comply with the Australian Dietary Guidelines. However, these findings were weakened by an increased risk of bias, complex and multicomponent study designs, and lack of clarity in reporting of study methodology.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-02-2015
DOI: 10.3390/NU7031464
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLNU.2019.02.007
Abstract: Oat β-glucan (OBG) and phytosterols (PS) are known to lower blood cholesterol levels via different mechanisms. Combination of high molecular weight (MW) OBG and PS in a single functional food could have complementary and/or synergistic effects for optimising heart health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with high-MW OBG with or without PS on plasma lipids in hypercholesterolaemic in iduals. In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial trial, participants were randomised to receive biscuits fortified with either no PS or OBG (PL, n = 18) or 2 g PS (PS, n = 18), 3 g OBG (OBG, n = 18), or combination of 2 g PS and 3 g OBG (PS-OBG, n = 18) per day for 6 weeks. Primary outcome was fasting plasma total cholesterol (TC) and secondary outcomes were LDL-cholesterol, LDL-C HDL-cholesterol, HDL-C triglycerides, TG and TC to HDL-cholesterol (TC:HDL) ratio. TC and LDL-C were significantly lowered following PS (-4.6% and -7.6% respectively p < 0.05), OBG (-5.7% and -8.6% p < 0.01) and PS-OBG (-11.5% and -13.9% p < 0.0001) administration. The reduction in TC in the PS-OBG group was significantly greater compared to PL (p < 0.001) and PS (p < 0.05). PS-OBG group had a significantly greater reduction in LDL-C compared to PL (p < 0.01) but not in comparison to PS or OBG groups. TC:HDL ratio was significantly reduced following PS-OBG (-8.9% p < 0.01) only, and there was no significant difference found between groups. Plasma TG reduced by 8.4% following PS-OBG, however, this was statistically non-significant. Plasma HDL-C remained unchanged across all groups. Dietary supplementation with high-MW OBG and PS in a single functional food enhances their lipid-lowering potential. Blood cholesterol lowering by PS and OBG is additive. Delivery of these two bioactive nutrients in a single food allows optimisation of their lipid-lowering effects and may provide added heart health benefits with enhanced compliance. The trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry at www.anzctr.org.au/(ACTRN12618001455257).
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2014
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-01-2019
DOI: 10.3390/NU11020240
Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) facilitates anti-atherosclerotic effects. Vegetables are a major source of dietary nitrate. Experimental data indicates that dietary nitrate can significantly reduce major risk factors for atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD), as nitrate can be metabolized to produce NO via the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the association between habitual dietary nitrate intakes and the incidence of self-reported CVD-related complications within a representative s le of middle-aged Australian women (1946–1951 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health). Women free from disease at baseline who had completed the food frequency questionnaire data were included. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) across quartiles for nitrate intakes. Of the 5324 women included for analysis, there were 1951 new cases of CVD-related complications over 15-years of follow-up. Women reporting higher total dietary nitrate intakes (Q4 78.2 mg/day) and vegetable nitrate intakes (Q4 64.4 mg/day) were 25% and 27% reduced risk of developing CVD-related complications respectively, compared with women reporting low total (Q1 45.5 mg/day) and vegetable nitrate intakes (Q1 34.8 mg/day). Our findings were consistent with other observational data indicating that dietary nitrate may explain some of the cardiovascular benefits of vegetable consumption.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2023
Abstract: The increasing prevalence of obesity is a global issue with the World Health Organization estimating that more than 650 million adults are impacted by obesity. Those living with obesity are impacted by both physical and psychological issues. The physical consequences of living with obesity can lead to decreased mobility and reduced occupational participation. The aim of this research is to understand how the use of a powered mobility device influences occupational participation and quality of life from the perspective of people with obesity. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews (n = 7) were undertaken with a phenomenological approach to gain an understanding of the lived experience of using a powered mobility device. Thematic analysis occurred resulting in inter‐connected themes that describe the positive experiences associated with using a powered mobility device: (1) autonomous mobility (2) enhanced occupational participation and (3) improved self‐efficacy creates increased confidence in relation to participation. In addition, two themes emerged that were barriers to usage of powered mobility devices: (4) physical environmental barriers and (5) difficulty transporting the powered mobility device. For those with obesity, a powered mobility device provided autonomous mobility allowing them to engage in an increased range of activities. This was h ered by physical environmental barriers and difficulties transporting the powered mobility device. Further research is required to verify the results of this study with a wider population and to explore the benefits and barriers to use of a powered mobility device in the home and community.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-03-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-07-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00125-016-4047-8
Abstract: Identifying women with gestational diabetes mellitus who are more likely to require insulin therapy vs medical nutrition therapy (MNT) alone would allow risk stratification and early triage to be incorporated into risk-based models of care. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a model to predict therapy type (MNT or MNT plus insulin [MNT+I]) for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Analysis was performed of de-identified prospectively collected data (1992-2015) from women diagnosed with GDM by criteria in place since 1991 and formally adopted and promulgated as part of the more detailed 1998 Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society management guidelines. Clinically relevant variables predictive of insulin therapy by univariate analysis were dichotomised and included in a multivariable regression model. The model was tested in a separate clinic population. In 3317 women, seven dichotomised significant independent predictors of insulin therapy were maternal age >30 years, family history of diabetes, pre-pregnancy obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m(2)), prior GDM, early diagnosis of GDM (<24 weeks gestation), fasting venous blood glucose level (≥5.3 mmol/l) and HbA1c at GDM diagnosis ≥5.5% (≥37 mmol/mol). The requirement for MNT+I could be estimated according to the number of predictors present: 85.7-93.1% of women with 6-7 predictors required MNT+I compared with 9.3-14.7% of women with 0-1 predictors. This model predicted the likelihood of several adverse outcomes, including Caesarean delivery, early delivery, large for gestational age and an abnormal postpartum OGTT. The model was validated in a separate clinic population. This validated model has been shown to predict therapy type and the likelihood of several adverse perinatal outcomes in women with GDM.
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 11-2017
Abstract: Appropriate and effective use of technology within practice is a key competency outlined in Australian dietetics training standards. An e-health skills component (lecture and workshop) was introduced to undergraduate students enrolled in an Australian nutrition and dietetics program. The lecture orientated students to key e-health terms and concepts relating to telehealth and m-health technologies, while the workshop provided an opportunity to apply knowledge. The workshop consisted of four stations with activities relating to (1) orientation to telehealth equipment (2) comparison of dietetic consultation components completed in person versus remotely via video call (3) quality assessment of mobile apps and (4) exploration of advantages and disadvantages, and the ethical, security, and privacy issues relating to use of e-health technologies in dietetic practice. Student experience of the training was evaluated via questionnaire. Forty-five students (62.2% aged ≤19-24 years, 86.7% female) completed the survey. Following the workshop, the level of understanding relating to each key e-health concept improved significantly (p < 0.001). The aspects relating to the impact and need for initial training and ongoing professional education to support the use of e-health technologies within dietetic practice were rated a high level of importance by most students (78-80%). The majority of students (93.3% to 97.8%) reported a positive experience at each of the four workshop stations, with "informative" the most common word selected to rate each station (37.8% to 44.4% of students across the four stations). The introduction of an e-health skills component resulted in an improved understanding of concepts for using these technologies. These findings provide preliminary support for integration of further e-health training within the dietetics program.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 29-04-2015
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980014000561
Abstract: To determine if associations exist between a range of unsaturated fatty acid intakes and mental health outcomes. Cross-sectional data analysis of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH) Young Cohort Survey 3 that included the validated seventy-four-item Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies FFQ, validated mental health scales and self-report questions on depression and anxiety. Australia, 2003. A nationally representative s le of young Australian women (25–30 years) from ALSWH. The 7635 women with plausible energy intakes ( ·5 but ·0 MJ/d) were included in the analyses. Adjusted logistic regression analyses found statistically significant associations between higher intakes of α-linolenic acid and decreased likelihood of depressive symptoms indicated by the ten-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10 OR=0·77 95 % CI 0·60, 0·99 P =0·040) and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) mental health subscale (OR=0·73 95 % CI 0·56, 0·96 P =0·024). Furthermore, higher intakes of n -6 fatty acids (OR=0·96, 95 % CI 0·93, 0·99 P =0·019) and linoleic acid (OR=0·96, 95 % CI 0·93, 0·99 P =0·020) were associated with decreased likelihood of self-reported diagnosed anxiety and higher intakes of n -9 fatty acids (OR=1·02, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·04 P =0·041) and oleic acid (OR=1·02, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·05 P =0·046) were associated with increased likelihood of self-reported diagnosed anxiety. Increased intakes of α-linolenic acid were associated with a reduced likelihood of depressive symptoms, increased intakes of n -6 fatty acids and linoleic acid were associated with a reduced likelihood of self-reported anxiety, and increased intakes of n -9 fatty acids and oleic acid were associated with an increased likelihood of anxiety. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate associations between unsaturated fatty acids and depression and anxiety.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-01-2017
DOI: 10.3390/NU9010080
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-02-2016
DOI: 10.1111/JHN.12356
Abstract: Childhood obesity is becoming more common as M alaysia experiences rapid nutrition transition. Current evidence related to parental influences on child dietary intake and body weight status is limited. The present study aimed to report, among M alay families, the prevalence of energy mis‐reporting and dietary relationships within family dyads. The cross‐sectional F amily D iet S tudy ( n = 236) was conducted at five primary schools in central of P eninsular M alaysia. Each family consisted of a Malay child, aged 8–12 years, and their main caregiver(s). Information on socio‐demographics, dietary intake and anthropometry were collected. Correlations and regression analyses were used to assess dietary relationships within family dyads. Approximately 29.6% of the children and 75.0% parents were categorised as being overweight or obese. Intakes of nutrients and food groups were below the national recommended targets for majority of children and adults. A large proportion of energy intake mis‐reporters were identified: mothers (55.5%), fathers (40.2%) and children (40.2%). Children's body mass index ( BMI) was positively associated with parental BMI (fathers, r = 0.37 mothers, r = 0.34 P 0.01). For dietary intakes, moderate‐to‐strong (0.35–0.72) and weak‐to‐moderate (0.16–0.35) correlations were found between mother–father and child–parent dyads, respectively. Multiple regression revealed that maternal percentage energy from fat (β = 0.09, P 0.01) explained 81% of the variation in children's fat intake. Clear parental dietary relationships, especially child–mother dyads, were found. Despite a significant proportion of families with members who were overweight or obese, the majority reported dietary intakes below recommended levels, distorted by energy mis‐reporting. The findings of the present study can inform interventions targeting parent–child relationships to improve family dietary patterns in Malaysia.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JNUTBIO.2015.09.010
Abstract: Management of hyperlipidaemia remains a cornerstone therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) has been shown to modulate blood lipid profiles and reduce the risk of developing CVD. However, studies relating objective measures of long-term dietary n-3 PUFA intake and circulating lipid levels in older adults are limited. Thus, we aimed to determine whether there is an association between erythrocyte n-3 PUFA status (omega-3 index, O3I) and blood lipid profiles in older adults. A s le of adults aged 65-95 years who participated in the Retirement Health and Lifestyle Study was evaluated. Outcome measures included O3I (% eicosapentaenoic acid+% docosahexaenoic acid) and fasting blood lipid profiles [total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and triglyceride (TG)]. Two hundred and seventy-six subjects were included in the analyses. The mean±SD age was 77.6±7.4 years, and 40.9% were males. O3I was significantly higher in females compared to males. O3I was inversely associated with plasma TG (P<.001) and TC/HDL-cholesterol ratio (P<.05), and positively associated with HDL-cholesterol (P<.05), in all subjects. Associations between O3I and TG were evident in both females (r=-0.250, P<.01) and males (r=-0.225, P<.05). In females only, the odds of being hypertriglyceridaemic were highest in those with lowest O3I (P=.006). Trends for hypercholesterolaemia and elevated LDL risk were converse between males and females. Long-term n-3 PUFA status is associated with blood lipid profiles in older Australians. Our findings support the development and implementation of age-specific dietary strategies to reduce the risk of CVD via improving the O3I.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/PY10101
Abstract: General practice is an ideal setting to be providing nutrition advice however, it is important that the role of general practitioners (GPs) and practice nurses in providing nutrition advice is acknowledged and defined. This article aims to discuss the role of GPs and practice nurses in the delivery of nutrition advice. Ten general practitioners and 12 practice nurses from a NSW urban Division of General Practice participated in questionnaires and a Lifescripts© implementation study, as well as their consenting patients receiving Lifescripts© (n = 13). An online survey was conducted with 90 Australian private practice dietitians. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 52 Australian private practice dietitians. The provision of basic nutrition advice is acknowledged to be part of the role of GPs and practice nurses, as they are the first point of contact for patients, allowing them to raise nutrition awareness. However, it is important that this advice is evidence based and able to be delivered in a time-efficient manner. Increased nutrition education and the availability of appropriate resources and nutrition-related best practice guidelines will assist in this process.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-09-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-02-2007
Abstract: Recent developments in micro-emulsification technology have allowed the fortification of foods with long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) without the undesirable fish odour/taste and with reasonable shelf life. The effects of supplementing the diets of people with diabetes type II with a hummus-based dip enriched with long-chain n-3PUFA on plasma fatty acid composition and lipid levels were examined. A pre- and post-intervention study. This study was conducted at the University of Newcastle, Australia. Participants were recruited via advertisements on the University of Newcastle notice boards and in the local newspapers. Following initial response to study advertisements, information statements were mailed out to 29 potential participants. Thirteen participants were eligible and consented to participate in the trial. There were no dropouts as all the 13 participants completed 6-week intervention trial. Free-living male and female subjects with diabetes type II (n=13) consumed the n-3PUFA-enriched dip for a period of 6 weeks. Fasting blood s les were collected pre- and post-intervention for analyses of fatty acids and plasma lipids. Following 6 weeks of consuming the enriched dip, all the long-chain n-3PUFA (20:5n-3, 22:5n-3 and 22:6n-3) were significantly (P<0.05) elevated in the plasma lipids. This represented an increase in 20:5n-3 content by 117%, an increase in 22:5n-3 content by 15% and an increase in 22:6n-3 content by 80% over the baseline values before dip consumption. A significant reduction (P<0.05) in the plasma triglyceride levels from 1.93 (1.08-2.09) mmol/l at baseline to 1.27 (0.93-2.22) mmol/l after 6 weeks was also apparent following the consumption of the n-3PUFA-enriched dip. Plasma cholesterol was unchanged however, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (2.46+/-0.21 versus 2.72+/-0.22 mmol/l, P<0.034) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (1.16+/-0.09 versus 1.22+/-0.09 mmol/l, P<0.042) were significantly increased following the dietary intervention. These results demonstrate that n-3PUFA are readily bioavailable from the fortified dip matrix and alter the plasma lipid profile.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-12-2019
DOI: 10.3390/NU12010074
Abstract: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease, associated with systemic inflammation. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have established anti-inflammatory effects, thus having potential as an adjunct therapy in asthma. This study aimed to compare erythrocyte n-3 PUFA in adults with (n = 255) and without (n = 137) asthma and determine the relationship between erythrocyte n-3 PUFA and clinical asthma outcomes. Subjects had blood collected, lung function measured and Juniper Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) score calculated. Fatty acids were measured in erythrocyte membranes by gas chromatography, and the omega-3 index (O3I) was calculated (% eicosapentaenoic acid + % docosahexaenoic acid). O3I was similar in subjects with and without asthma (p = 0.089). A higher O3I was observed in subjects with controlled or partially controlled asthma (ACQ 1.5) compared to subjects with uncontrolled asthma (ACQ ≥ 1.5) (6.0% (5.4–7.2) versus 5.6% (4.6–6.4) p = 0.033). Subjects with a high O3I (≥8%) had a lower maintenance dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) compared to those with a low O3I ( %) (1000 μg (400–1000) versus 1000 μg (500–2000) p = 0.019). This study demonstrates that a higher O3I is associated with better asthma control and with lower ICS dose, suggesting that a higher erythrocyte n-3 PUFA level may have a role in asthma management.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2018.01.037
Abstract: Given the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity in Malaysia, examination of family environmental factors is warranted. Reviews from developed countries report inconsistent findings on the relationship between parental-child feeding practices and child weight-related health outcomes. The current study aimed to examine parent-child feeding practices by familial-child characteristics in Malaysia. The Family Diet Study was conducted with urban Malay families and included a child aged 8-12 years and their main carer(s). Seven domains of parent-child feeding practices were assessed using the child feeding questionnaire and familial demographics, including socio-economic status, child anthropometry and dietary intake were collected. Inferential statistics were used to explore the relationships between variables. Of the 315 families enrolled, 236 completed all measures, with the majority of parent-reporters being mothers (n = 182). One-third of the children were classified as overweight/obese. Three domains of parent-child feeding practices had median scores of 4.0 out of 5.0 [concern about child overweight (CCO) (Interquartile range (IQR): 3.3, 4.7) pressure-to-eat (PTE) (IQR: 3.3, 4.5) and food monitoring (IQR: 3.0, 5.0)]. The domain of 'perceived child overweight' was positively associated with child age (r = 0.45, p < 0.001). Children who were overweight (F = 37.4 p < 0.001) and under-reported energy intake (F = 13.1 p = 0.001) had higher median scores for the parental perception of risk of child being overweight. Median scores for the CCO and PTE domains were significantly higher in low-income families (F = 7.87 F = 9.75 p < 0.05, respectively). Malay parents in this present study are concerned about their child's weight, particularly for those overweight. Family size, household income, and child weight status significantly influence parent-child feeding practices. Further research examining the cultural context of family environmental factors related to childhood obesity is warranted within Malaysia.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-01-2019
DOI: 10.1111/AJR.12466
Abstract: To describe and compare body composition and fat distribution of Australian women 18-44 years from an urban and rural location. Cross-sectional survey and collection of anthropometric and body composition measurements. Newcastle and Tamworth in New South Wales. Convenience s le of women recruited through media and community. Weight, height, waist and hip girths, visceral fat area, body fat (kg and %) and skeletal muscle mass. Of the total s le (n = 254), 53% resided in an urban area and the mean age was 28.0 (7.6) years. The mean age of rural women was significantly higher than for urban women. The majority of women (66.5%) had a Body Mass Index within the healthy range (18.5-24.9 kg m While we did not find statistically significant differences in body composition among urban and rural women, these results highlight the dramatic effect of age on measures of central adiposity. Population surveillance needs to incorporate measures of excess central adiposity, particularly visceral fat area, to better investigate changes in body composition among women in their 20s and 30s.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 04-2005
Abstract: Exercise has been shown to increase the production of reactive oxygen species to a point that can exceed antioxidant defenses to cause oxidative stress. Dietary intake of antioxidants, physical activity levels, various antioxidants and oxidative stress markers were examined in 20 exercise-trained “athletes” and 20 age- and sex-matched sedentary “controls.” Plasma F 2 -isoprostanes, antioxidant enzyme activities, and uric acid levels were similar in athletes and sedentary controls. Plasma α-tocopherol and β-carotene were higher in athletes compared with sedentary controls. Total antioxidant capacity tended to be lower in athletes, with a significant difference between male athletes and male controls. Dietary intakes of antioxidants were also similar between groups and well above recommended dietary intakes for Australians. These findings suggest that athletes who consume a diet rich in antioxidants have elevated plasma α-tocopherol and β-carotene that were likely to be brought about by adaptive processes resulting from regular exercise.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-03-2021
DOI: 10.3390/NU13041058
Abstract: Lifestyle interventions to reduce second stroke risk are complex. For effective translation into practice, interventions must be specific to end-user needs and described in detail for replication. This study used an Integrated Knowledge Translation (IKT) approach and the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist to co-design and describe a telehealth-delivered diet program for stroke survivors. Stroke survivors and carers (n = 6), specialist dietitians (n = 6) and an IKT research team (n = 8) participated in a 4-phase co-design process. Phase 1: the IKT team developed the research questions, and identified essential program elements and workshop strategies for effective co-design. Phase 2: Participant co-design workshops used persona and journey mapping to create user profiles to identify barriers and essential program elements. Phase 3: The IKT team mapped Phase 2 data to the TIDieR checklist and developed the intervention prototype. Phase 4: Co-design workshops were conducted to refine the prototype for trial. Rigorous IKT co-design fundamentally influenced intervention development. Modifications to the protocol based on participant input included ensuring that all resources were accessible to people with aphasia, an additional support framework and resources specific to outcome of stroke. The feasibility and safety of this intervention is currently being pilot tested (randomised controlled trial 2019/ETH11533, ACTRN12620000189921).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.ORCP.2012.05.003
Abstract: Evaluation of health care services and providers is essential in determining effectiveness and quality. The aim of this study was to assess the client satisfaction and weight loss outcomes of student focussed dietetic outpatient weight loss clinics. The outpatient clinics were conducted by the University as part of student education. Sixty-one clients attended a new appointment during 2008. Anthropometric and demographic details were extracted from clients' clinic records. Clients were mailed a 30-item satisfaction survey adapted from an existing instrument. Twenty-six surveys were returned (43% response rate). Respondents were less likely to be satisfied with appointment wait times and availability of parking (65%, 70%, respectively) compared with other factors. Dietitians were seen as polite and courteous, and the presence of students did not lessen the attention from the dietitian. Mean (SD) weight change was -3.3 (3.2) kg over 12 months (P < 0.05, n = 20). It was found that clients were satisfied with services and while statistically significant weight loss was achieved, results did not reach the clinically significant weight loss of 5% of initial weight.
No related grants have been discovered for Lesley MacDonald-Wicks.