ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7593-659X
Current Organisations
University of New South Wales
,
Australian National University
,
Western Sydney University
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 28-03-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-05-2018
DOI: 10.1002/HEC.3779
Abstract: Australia is one of nine Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries that utilise deputising services to provide after-hours primary care. While the provision of this service is supposed to be on behalf of regular general practitioners, businesses have adapted to the financial incentives on offer and are directly advertising their services to consumers emphasising patient convenience and no copayments. The introduction of corporate entities has changed the way that deputising services operate. We use a difference-in-difference approach to estimate the amount of growth in urgent after-hours services that was not warranted by urgent medical need. These estimates are calculated by comparing the growth in urgent attendances that occurred during times of the day that are classified as "after-hours" (e.g., 6 pm-11 pm Monday to Friday) with those that are classified as "unsociable-hours" (e.g., 11 pm-7 am Monday to Friday). For the national level, we estimate that 593,141 unwarranted attendances were induced as urgent after-hours consultations in a single year. This corresponds to a national estimate of the total benefits paid for unwarranted demand of approximately $77 million. While deputising services have filled a short-fall in after-hours services, the overuse of urgent items has meant that that this has been achieved at a considerable cost to the Australian Government.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 30-03-2022
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-1436022/V1
Abstract: Hydrogen is indispensable for climate change mitigation yet, it is unclear to what extent blue hydrogen from natural gas with carbon capture and storage will complement green hydrogen from renewable electricity. Today, green hydrogen costs are higher than those of blue hydrogen, and, despite huge cost reduction potential, it is uncertain when cost parity will be achieved. However, by combining data on costs and life-cycle emissions, we show that hydrogen’s competitiveness is increasingly determined by carbon costs associated with different life-cycle emissions across fuels. To become competitive, green hydrogen requires 90% renewable electricity input, whereas blue hydrogen requires 90% net CO2 capture rates and close-to-zero methane leakage. For a broad parameter range, we show that by 2035-40, green hydrogen can become the cheapest hydrogen option. Low-emission blue hydrogen may play a valuable role in bridging the scarcity of green hydrogen yet, depending on regional circumstances it may have a limited window of competitiveness.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-06-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-08-2018
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2018.06.008
Abstract: Understanding whether high healthcare costs for in iduals persist over time is critical for the development of policies that aim to reduce the prevalence of high cost patients. And while high healthcare costs will occur in any given year based on the prevalence of certain morbidities and acute conditions, a large random component of the distribution means that it is rarely the same people driving the bulk of healthcare expenditures. Using administrative data for over 250,000 Australian residents for the years between 2006 and 2011, we analyse the persistence of high annual healthcare costs. We examine the prevalence of high cost persistence in this s le, and then, we use endogenous switching models to identify the morbidity groups that are related with high cost persistence. These models also measure cases of cost lification that are associated with a history of high cost healthcare. This analysis uses data from multiple categories of healthcare, specifically medical services, pharmaceuticals and admitted patient care. While there is a relatively low number of patients with persistent high cost (approximately 3% of the s le), this group accounted for 19% of aggregate expenditure. Pharmaceuticals were the most persistently high cost category of healthcare with 5% of the s le accounting for 32% of aggregate pharmaceutical expenditure. The morbidities associated with notable cost lifications are morbidities that are hard to prevent or involve escalations of adverse health states that are difficult to avert. This casts doubt on whether broad policies can reduce the prevalence of in iduals with persistently high healthcare costs.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-05-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 27-06-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-09-2019
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 30-06-2014
Abstract: In type 1 diabetes (T1D), the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells are destroyed by the immune system. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to T1D risk. Candidate genes for T1D identified by genome-wide association studies have been proposed to act at both the immune system and the β-cell levels. This study shows that the risk variant rs3825932 in the candidate gene cathepsin H ( CTSH ) predicts β-cell function in both model systems and human T1D. Collectively, our data indicate that higher CTSH expression in β-cells may protect against immune-mediated damage and preserve β-cell function, thereby representing a possible therapeutic target. Our study reinforces the concept that candidate genes for T1D may affect disease progression by modulating survival and function of the β-cells.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CMET.2017.12.001
Abstract: Exercise stimulates the release of molecules into the circulation, supporting the concept that inter-tissue signaling proteins are important mediators of adaptations to exercise. Recognizing that many circulating proteins are packaged in extracellular vesicles (EVs), we employed quantitative proteomic techniques to characterize the exercise-induced secretion of EV-contained proteins. Following a 1-hr bout of cycling exercise in healthy humans, we observed an increase in the circulation of over 300 proteins, with a notable enrichment of several classes of proteins that compose exosomes and small vesicles. Pulse-chase and intravital imaging experiments suggested EVs liberated by exercise have a propensity to localize in the liver and can transfer their protein cargo. Moreover, by employing arteriovenous balance studies across the contracting human limb, we identified several novel candidate myokines, released into circulation independently of classical secretion. These data identify a new paradigm by which tissue crosstalk during exercise can exert systemic biological effects.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 17-10-2022
DOI: 10.1017/S1748499522000173
Abstract: One complication in mortality modelling is capturing the impact of risk factors that contribute to mortality differentials between different populations. Evidence has suggested that mortality differentials tend to diminish over age. Classical methods such as the Gompertz law attempt to capture mortality patterns over age using intercept and slope parameters, possibly causing an unjustified mortality crossover at advanced ages when applied independently to different populations. In recent research, Richards ( Scandinavian Actuarial Journal 2020 (2), 110–127) proposed a Hermite spline (HS) model that describes the age pattern of mortality differentials using one parameter and circumvents an unreasonable crossover by default. The original HS model was applied to pension data at in idual level in the age dimension only. This paper extends the method to model population mortality in both age and period dimensions. Our results indicate that in addition to possessing desirable fitting properties, the HS approach can produce accurate mortality forecasts, compared with the Gompertz and P-splines models.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-01-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2021-053828
Abstract: The evaluation of the Victorian Healthy Homes Program (VHHP) will generate evidence about the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of home upgrades to improve thermal comfort, reduce energy use and produce health and economic benefits to vulnerable households in Victoria, Australia. The VHHP evaluation will use a staggered, parallel group clustered randomised controlled trial to test the home energy intervention in 1000 households. All households will receive the intervention either before (intervention group) or after (control group) winter (defined as 22 June to 21 September). The trial spans three winters with differing numbers of households in each cohort. The primary outcome is the mean difference in indoor average daily temperature between intervention and control households during the winter period. Secondary outcomes include household energy consumption and residential energy efficiency, self-reported respiratory symptoms, health-related quality of life, healthcare utilisation, absences from school/work and self-reported conditions within the home. Linear and logistic regression will be used to analyse the primary and secondary outcomes, controlling for clustering of households by area and the possible confounders of year and timing of intervention, to compare the treatment and control groups over the winter period. Economic evaluation will include a cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis. Ethical approval was received from Victorian Department of Human Services Human Research Ethics Committee (reference number: 04/17), University of Technology Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (reference number: ETH18-2273) and Australian Government Department of Veterans Affairs. Study results will be disseminated in a final report and peer-reviewed journals. ACTRN12618000160235.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D3EE01697H
Abstract: This work provides a robust technoeconomic analysis of a range of direct solar hydrogen generation (DSHG) systems to understand the opportunities and challenges of deploying DSHG to reduce the cost of renewable hydrogen production.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-12-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2017.08.035
Abstract: Quantifying the potential costs of catastrophic and climate impacted hazards is a challenging but important exercise as the occurrence of such events is usually associated with high damage and uncertainty. At the local level, there is often a lack of information on rare extreme events, which means that the available data is not sufficient to fit a distribution and derive parameter values for frequency and severity distributions. This paper discusses the use of local assessments of extreme events and utilises expert elicitation in order to obtain values for distribution parameters that will feed into management decisions with regards to quantifying catastrophic risks. We illustrate a simple approach, where a local expert is required to only specify two percentiles of the loss distribution in order to provide an estimate for the severity distribution of climate impacted hazards. In our approach we use heavy-tailed distributions to capture the severity of events. Our method allows local government decision makers to focus on extreme losses and the tail of the distribution. An illustration of the method is provided utilising an ex le that quantifies property losses from bushfires for a local area in northern Sydney. We further illustrate how key variables, such as discount rates, assumptions about climatic change and adaptation measures, will impact the estimates of losses.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2924398
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-12-2020
No related grants have been discovered for Thomas Longden.