ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2488-4325
Current Organisation
University of the Sunshine Coast
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In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Nanotechnology | Electrochemistry | Materials Engineering | Materials Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Condensed Matter Physics - Electronic and Magnetic Properties; Superconductivity | Chemical Thermodynamics And Energetics | Mathematical Physics | Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry | Colloid And Surface Chemistry | Biomaterials | Chemical Sciences Not Elsewhere Classified | Fluidization And Fluid Mechanics | Biotechnology Not Elsewhere Classified | Physical Chemistry (Incl. Structural) | Environmental Engineering | Environmental Technologies | Nanoscale Characterisation | Nanomaterials | Mathematical Sciences Not Elsewhere Classified | Nanotechnology | Environmental Chemistry (Incl. Atmospheric Chemistry) | Water And Sanitary Engineering | Condensed Matter Physics—Other
Solar-photoelectric | Energy storage | Renewable energy | Land and water management | Fibre processing and textiles; footwear and leather products | Integrated circuits and devices | Chemical sciences | Physical sciences | Expanding Knowledge in Technology | Energy transformation not elsewhere classified | Industrial chemicals and related products | Land and water management | Wood, wood products and paper | Renewable energy not elsewhere classified (e.g. geothermal) | Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences | Waste management and recycling |
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-02-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S40580-022-00300-2
Abstract: This work reports the rational design of MnO x nanorods on 3D crushed reduced graphene oxide (MnO x /C-rGO) by chemical reduction of Ni-incorporated graphene oxide (GO) followed by chemical etching to remove Ni. The resulting MnO x /C-rGO composite synergistically integrates the electronic properties and geometry structure of MnO x and 3D C-rGO. As a result, MnO x /C-rGO shows a significantly higher specific capacitance ( C sp ) of 863 F g −1 than MnO x /2D graphene sheets (MnO x /S-rGO) (373 F g −1 ) and MnO x (200 F g −1 ) at a current density of 0.2 A g −1 . Furthermore, when assembled into symmetric supercapacitors, the MnO x /C-rGO-based device delivers a higher C sp (288 F g −1 ) than MnO x /S-rGO-based device (75 F g −1 ) at a current density of 0.3 A g −1 . The superior capacitive performance of the MnO x /C-rGO-based symmetric device is attributed to the enlarged accessible surface, reduced lamellar stacking of graphene, and improved ionic transport provided by the 3D architecture of MnO x /C-rGO. In addition, the MnO x /C-rGO-based device exhibits an energy density of 23 Wh kg −1 at a power density of 113 Wkg −1 , and long-term cycling stability, demonstrating its promising potential for practical application. Graphical Abstract
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1063/1.5117720
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2013.02.061
Abstract: Water reuse through greywater irrigation has been adopted worldwide and has been proposed as a potential sustainable solution to increased water demands. Despite widespread adoption, there is limited domestic knowledge of greywater reuse. There is no pressure to produce low-level phosphorus products and current guidelines and legislation, such as those in Australia, may be inadequate due to the lack of long-term data to provide a sound scientific basis. Research has clearly identified phosphorus as a potential environmental risk to waterways from many forms of irrigation. To assess the sustainability of greywater irrigation, this study compared four residential lots that had been irrigated with greywater for four years and adjacent non-irrigated lots that acted as controls. Each lot was monitored for the volume of greywater applied and selected physic-chemical water quality parameters and soil chemistry profiles were analysed. The non-irrigated soil profiles showed low levels of phosphorus and were used as controls. The Mechlich3 Phosphorus ratio (M3PSR) and Phosphate Environmental Risk Index (PERI) were used to determine the environmental risk of phosphorus leaching from the irrigated soils. Soil phosphorus concentrations were compared to theoretical greywater irrigation loadings. The measured phosphorus soil concentrations and the estimated greywater loadings were of similar magnitude. Sustainable greywater reuse is possible however incorrect use and/or lack of understanding of how household products affect greywater can result in phosphorus posing a significant risk to the environment.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 28-03-2011
DOI: 10.1063/1.3573799
Abstract: Titanium oxide films with trilayer structure grown on fluorine doped tin oxide substrate were prepared from one-step hydrothermal process. The trilayer structure consists of microflowers, nanorod array and compact nanoparticulates, which is expected to possess the merits of good light harvesting, a high electron transport rate, while avoiding the issues of electron shunting. The photovoltaic performance was comprehensively studied and a 60% enhancement in short circuit photocurrent density was found from microflowers contribution as a light scattering layer. This unique trilayer structure exhibits great potential application in future dye-sensitized solar cells.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1063/5.0028680
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2016.09.021
Abstract: Increased water demands in dry countries such as Australia, have led to increased adoption of various water reuse practices. Irrigation of greywater (all water discharged from the bathrooms, laundry and kitchen apart from toilet waste) is seen as a potential means of easing water demands however, there is limited knowledge of how greywater irrigation impacts terrestrial and aquatic environments. This study compared four greywater irrigated residential lots to adjacent non-irrigated lots that acted as controls. Accumulation and potential impacts of metals in soil, groundwater and surface water, as a result of greywater irrigation, were assessed by comparing measured concentrations to national and international guidelines. Greywater increased concentrations of some metals in irrigated soil and resulted in As, B, Cr and Cu exceeding guidelines after only four years of irrigation. Movement of metals from the irrigation areas resulted in metal concentrations in groundwater (Al, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) and surface water (Cu, Fe and Zn) exceeding environmental quality guidelines again within four years. These results are unlikely to be universally applicable but indicate the need to consider metals in greywater in order to minimize potential adverse environmental effects from greywater irrigation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-02-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1751-1097.2012.01104.X
Abstract: The photocatalytic disinfection of Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter coli using microwave (MW), convection hydrothermal (HT) and Degussa P25 titania was investigated in suspension and immobilized reactors. In suspension reactors, MW-treated TiO(2) was the most efficient catalyst (per unit weight of catalyst) for the disinfection of E. cloacae. However, HT-treated TiO(2) was approximately 10 times more efficient than MW or P25 titania for the disinfection of E. coli suspensions in surface water using the immobilized reactor. In immobilized experiments, using surface water a significant amount of photolysis was observed using the MW- and HT-treated films however, disinfection on P25 films was primarily attributed to photocatalysis. Competitive action of inorganic ions and humic substances for hydroxyl radicals during photocatalytic experiments, as well as humic substances physically screening the cells from UV and hydroxyl radical attack resulted in low rates of disinfection. A decrease in colony size (from 1.5 to 0.3 mm) was noted during photocatalytic experiments. The smaller than average colonies were thought to occur during sublethal (•)OH and O(2)(•-) attack. Catalyst fouling was observed following experiments in surface water and the ability to regenerate the surface was demonstrated using photocatalytic degradation of oxalic acid as a model test system.
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 09-2015
Abstract: Composites with carbon nanotubes are becoming increasingly used in energy storage and electronic devices, due to incorporated excellent properties from carbon nanotubes and polymers. Although their properties make them more attractive than conventional smart materials, their electrical properties have been found to be temperature-dependent which is important to consider for the design of devices. To study the effects of temperature in electrically conductive multi-wall carbon nanotube/epoxy composites, thin films were prepared and the effect of temperature on the resistivity, thermal properties and Raman spectral characteristics of the composite films was evaluated. Resistivity-temperature profiles showed three distinct regions in as-cured s les and only two regions in s les whose thermal histories had been erased. In the vicinity of the glass transition temperature, the as-cured composites exhibited pronounced resistivity and enthalpic relaxation peaks, which both disappeared after erasing the composites' thermal histories by temperature cycling. Combined DSC, Raman spectroscopy, and resistivity-temperature analyses indicated that this phenomenon can be attributed to the physical aging of the epoxy matrix and that, in the region of the observed thermal history-dependent resistivity peaks, structural rearrangement of the conductive carbon nanotube network occurs through a volume expansion/relaxation process. These results have led to an overall greater understanding of the temperature-dependent behaviour of conductive carbon nanotube/epoxy composites, including the positive temperature coefficient effect.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2007
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 21-03-2001
DOI: 10.1021/JP004343V
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 25-01-2023
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1063/1.5117719
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-10-2013
DOI: 10.1021/LA403159N
Abstract: We present an electrochemical exfoliation method to produce controlled thickness graphene flakes by ultrasound assistance. Bilayer graphene flakes are dominant in the final product by using sonication during the electrochemical exfoliation process, while without sonication the product contains a larger percentage of four-layer graphene flakes. Graphene sheets prepared by using the two procedures are processed into films to measure their respective sheet resistance and optical transmittance. Solid-state electrolyte supercapacitors are made using the two types of graphene films. Our study reveals that films with a higher content of multilayer graphene flakes are more conductive, and their resistance is more easily reduced by thermal annealing, making them suitable as transparent conducting films. The film with higher content of bilayer graphene flakes shows instead higher capacitance when used as electrode in a supercapacitor.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-01-2006
DOI: 10.1021/JP054739C
Abstract: Initial stages of two-dimensional crystal growth of the double-decker sandwich complex Lu(Pc*)2 [Pc* = 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(octyloxy)phthalocyaninato] have been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy at the liquid/solid interface between 1-phenyloctane and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. High-resolution images strongly suggest alignment of the double-decker molecules into monolayers with the phthalocyanine rings parallel to the surface. Domains were observed with either hexagonal or quadrate packing motifs, and the growing interface of the layer was imaged. Molecular resolution was achieved, and the face of the phthalocyanine rings appeared as somewhat diffuse circular features. The alkyl chains are proposed to be interdigitating to maintain planar side-by-side packing.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2003
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 1998
DOI: 10.1039/A703855K
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-01-2016
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 23-01-2015
DOI: 10.1021/JP510339Z
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-10-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 28-12-2005
DOI: 10.1117/12.638195
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 07-2014
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5RA09966H
Abstract: The influence of metal cation concentrations on the composition, morphology and alloy formation of co-electrodeposited CuZnSn film was investigated.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-05-2022
Abstract: Progress in engineering research has shifted the interest from traditional monolithic materials to modern materials such as fibre reinforced composites (FRC). This paradigm shift can be attributed to the unique mechanical characteristics of FRCs such as high strength to weight ratio, good flexural strength, and fracture toughness. At present, synthetic composites dominate the automotive, aerospace, sporting, and construction industries despite serious drawbacks such as costly raw materials, high manufacturing costs, non-recyclability, toxicity, and non-biodegradability. To address these issues, naturally occurring plant fibres (such as jute, hemp, sisal) are being increasingly researched as potential reinforcements for biodegradable or non-biodegradable polymer matrices to produce environmentally friendly composites. In this study, sisal fibres were selected owing to their low production costs, sustainability, recyclability, and biodegradability. The hydrothermal ageing and mechanical characteristics of sisal fibre-reinforced epoxy (SFRE) composites were determined and compared with glass fibre-reinforced epoxy (GFRE) synthetic composites. Moreover, a first-of-its-kind numerical model have been developed to study the hydrothermal ageing and mechanical characteristics of SFRE, along with GFRE, using ANSYS software. Moreover, microstructural analysis of flexural tested GFRE and SFRE s les were carried out to identify the microstructural properties of the composites. Both experimental and numerical results exhibited an influence of short- or long-term hydrothermal treatment on the flexural properties of glass and sisal fibre-based composites. In the case of GFRE, the moisture uptake and fibre-matrix de-bonding existed, but it is less severe as compared to the SFRE composites. It was found that the dosage of sisal fibres largely determines the ultimate mechanical performance of the composite. Nonetheless, the experimental and numerical flexural strengths of SFRE were comparable to GFRE composites. This exhibited that the SFRE composites possess the potentiality as a sustainable material for advanced applications.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 23-06-2016
DOI: 10.1063/1.4954683
Abstract: A better understanding of lithium-silicon alloying mechanisms and associated mechanical behavior is essential for the design of Si-based electrodes for Li-ion batteries. Unfortunately, the relationship between the dynamic mechanical response and microstructure evolution during lithiation and delithiation has not been well understood. We use molecular dynamic simulations to investigate lithiated amorphous silicon with a focus to the evolution of its microstructure, phase composition, and stress generation. The results show that the formation of LixSi alloy phase is via different mechanisms, depending on Li concentration. In these alloy phases, the increase in Li concentration results in reduction of modulus of elasticity and fracture strength but increase in ductility in tension. For a LixSi system with uniform Li distribution, volume change induced stress is well below the fracture strength in tension.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-01-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-05-2003
DOI: 10.1002/POLA.10723
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-05-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 13-08-2009
DOI: 10.1021/JP9041974
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-11-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.3390/MA9090748
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-12-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2006
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-11-1998
DOI: 10.1021/JP9828843
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-01-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-022-26695-W
Abstract: This work demonstrates a new pathway to the direct on-surface fabrication of a superhydrophobic surface coating on mild steel. The coating was formed using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma to convert a liquid small-molecule precursor (1,2,4-tricholorobenzene) to a solid film via plasma-assisted on-surface polymerization. Plasma treatments were performed under a nitrogen atmosphere with a variety of power levels and durations. S les were analysed by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF–SIMS), Raman spectroscopy, optical profilometry, contact angle measurement, and potentiodynamic polarisation tests. Wettability of the films varied with the plasma parameters, and through the inclusion of graphene nanoplatelets in the precursor. High-dose plasma exposures of the nanoplatelet-containing precursor created superhydrophobic films with water contact angles above 150°. Potentiodynamic polarisation tests revealed that the superhydrophobic coating provided little or no corrosion protection.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.1039/A904834K
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1149/MA2019-02/41/1980
Abstract: Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), resulting from the world’s persistent reliance on fossil fuels as the principal source of energy, has perturbed and induced an imbalance in the natural carbon-cycle. This increased CO 2 emission into the environment has been implicated in global warming and other environmental issues 1 . Therefore, coupling a sustainable energy system with carbon dioxide reduction to produce valuable chemical compounds is being thoroughly investigated 1 . Among the techniques developed for selective CO 2 conversion, electrochemical CO 2 reduction is regarded as one of the most appealing due to mild operating conditions and use of renewable energy to power the process. Theoretically, electrochemical CO 2 reduction largely depends on the adsorption energies of intermediate species, therefore, metal-based catalysts (Pt, Au, Pd, Ag, Sn, Cu, In, and etc.) are commonly employed which can influence the overall system selectivity. In particular, Cu-based catalysts have shown reasonable activity and potential for selectivity for this reaction owing to moderate adsorption energy for intermediate species on Cu. In addition, Cu is one of the few inexpensive metals that can catalytically convert CO 2 to a variety of useful chemicals under environmental conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure) via a multi-electron transfer process. Although Cu catalysts show interesting CO 2 reduction properties, they still suffer from selectivity issues to generate a desired single product at scale 2 . A recent development is in the area of room temperature liquid metals where the catalytic activity of liquid metal Galinstan has begun to be explored 3 . Although in its infancy, we hypothesized that a multi-metallic electrocatalyst of galinstan (GaInSn) and Cu could be active for electrocatalytic and photocatalytic reactions such as CO 2 reduction and dye degradation considering that Ga alloys with most metals and should therefore influence the electronic properties of Cu. Previous work has shown that the catalytic activity of multi-metallic electrocatalysts is superior to their mono and bimetallic electrocatalysts counterparts 4 . Hence, multi-metallic electrocatalysts exhibit different electronic structures, crystallinity as a result of the interplay of geometric, ligand and electronic effects 5 . To date, no report is available in the open literature reporting the alloying of liquid metal GaInSn and Cu via galvanic replacement. Herein, we report the simple synthesis of a multi-metallic nanostructure comprising of a CuGa core with trace In and Sn and a surface layer of Cu 2 O and Ga 2 O 3 . The material was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The SAED and TEM images indicate that the core alloy is polycrystalline with well-defined lattice fringes with the presence of crystalline Cu 2 O and an amorphous region (resulting from gallium oxide). The presence of surface semiconducting oxides with an underlying metal core should in principle be an appropriate system for separating charge carriers under photoexcitation thereby facilitating organic molecule degradation studies. The multi-metallic nanostructure was therefore engineered towards electrochemical CO 2 reduction and photocatalytic pollutant degradation. The preliminary investigation on the photocatalytic activity of this material using Toluidine Blue (TB) under visible light irradiation indicates excellent photocatalytic activity. References N. S. Lewis and D. G. Nocera, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 2006, 103 , 15729-15735. H. Xie, T. Wang, J. Liang, Q. Li and S. Sun, Nano Today , 2018, 21 , 41-54. F. Hoshyargar, H. Khan, K. Kalantar-zadeh and A. P. O'Mullane, Chemical Communications , 2015, 51 , 14026-14029. E. A. Redekop, V. V. Galvita, H. Poelman, V. Bliznuk, C. Detavernier and G. B. Marin, ACS Catalysis , 2014, 4 , 1812-1824. X. L. Tian, L. Wang, P. Deng, Y. Chen and B. Y. Xia, Journal of Energy Chemistry , 2017, 26 , 1067-1076. Figure 1
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
Publisher: Author(s)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1063/1.4949127
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2004
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-10-2016
DOI: 10.3390/MA9110868
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-05-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-1997
DOI: 10.1021/JP9711297
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 1998
DOI: 10.1039/A803437K
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-08-2012
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 11-04-2002
DOI: 10.1039/B200053A
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.03.073
Abstract: Increased water demands due to population growth and increased urbanisation have driven adoption of various water reuse practices. The irrigation of greywater (water from all household uses, except toilets) has been proposed as one potential sustainable practice. Research has clearly identified environmental harm from the presence of micro-pollutants in soils, groundwater and surface water. Greywater contains a range of micro pollutants yet very little is known about their potential environmental fate when greywater is irrigated to soil. Therefore, this study assessed whether organic micro-pollutants in irrigated greywater were transferred to shallow groundwater and an adjacent surface waterway. A total of 22 organic micro-pollutants were detected in greywater. Six of these (acesulfame, caffeine, DEET, paracetamol, salicylic acid and triclosan) were selected as potential tracers of greywater contamination. Three of these chemicals (acesulfame, caffeine, DEET) were detected in the groundwater, while salicylic acid was also detected in adjacent surface water. Caffeine and DEET in surface water were directly attributable to greywater irrigation. Thus the practice of greywater irrigation can act as a source of organic micro-pollutants to shallow groundwater and nearby surface water. The full list of micro-pollutants that could be introduced via greywater and the risk they pose to aquatic ecosystems is not yet known.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 09-01-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 06-2016
Abstract: In this work, a facile co-electrodeposition method was used to fabricate CuZnSn alloy films where the content of copper, zinc and tin could be precisely controlled through manipulating the mass transfer process in the electrochemical deposition. By finely tuning the concentration of the cations of Cu2+, Zn2+ and Sn2+ in the electrochemical bath solution, uniform CuZnSn film with desired composition of copper poor and zinc rich was made. Sulphurisation of the CuZnSn alloy film led to the formation of compact and large grains Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film absorber with an optimum composition of Cu/(Zn+Sn) ≈ 0.8, Zn/Sn ≈ 1.2. Both SEM morphology and EDS mapping results confirmed the uniformity of the CuZnSn and Cu2ZnSnS4 films and the homogeneous distribution of Cu, Zn, Sn and S elements in the bulk films. The XRD and Raman measurements indicated that the synthesized Cu2ZnSnS4 film was kesterite phase without impurities detected. Photoelectrochemical tests were carried out to evaluate the CZTS film's photocurrent response under illumination of green light.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-07-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1999
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2004
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-02-2023
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS24054532
Abstract: The bactericidal effects of inhalable ciprofloxacin (CIP) loaded-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) nanoparticles (NPs) with traces of zinc oxide (ZnO) were investigated against clinical strains of the respiratory pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CIP-loaded PEtOx NPs retained their bactericidal activity within the formulations compared to free CIP drugs against these two pathogens, and bactericidal effects were enhanced with the inclusion of ZnO. PEtOx polymer and ZnO NPs did not show bactericidal activity alone or in combination against these pathogens. The formulations were tested to determine the cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects on airway epithelial cells derived from healthy donors (NHBE), donors with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, DHBE), and a cell line derived from adults with cystic fibrosis (CFBE41o-) and macrophages from healthy adult controls (HCs), and those with either COPD or CF. NHBE cells demonstrated maximum cell viability (66%) against CIP-loaded PEtOx NPs with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 50.7 mg/mL. CIP-loaded PEtOx NPs were more toxic to epithelial cells from donors with respiratory diseases than NHBEs, with respective IC50 values of 0.103 mg/mL for DHBEs and 0.514 mg/mL for CFBE41o- cells. However, high concentrations of CIP-loaded PEtOx NPs were toxic to macrophages, with respective IC50 values of 0.002 mg/mL for HC macrophages and 0.021 mg/mL for CF-like macrophages. PEtOx NPs, ZnO NPs, and ZnO-PEtOx NPs with no drug were not cytotoxic to any cells investigated. The in vitro digestibility of PEtOx and its NPs was investigated in simulated lung fluid (SLF) (pH 7.4). The analysed s les were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Digestion of PEtOx NPs commenced one week following incubation and was completely digested after four weeks however, the original PEtOx was not digested after six weeks of incubation. The outcome of this study revealed that PEtOx polymer could be considered an efficient drug delivery carrier in respiratory linings, and CIP-loaded PEtOx NPs with traces of ZnO could be a promising addition to inhalable treatments against resistant bacteria with reduced toxicity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-08-2022
DOI: 10.3390/BIOS12080630
Abstract: Over the past several years, wearable electrophysiological sensors with stretchability have received significant research attention because of their capability to continuously monitor electrophysiological signals from the human body with minimal body motion artifacts, long-term tracking, and comfort for real-time health monitoring. Among the four different sensors, i.e., piezoresistive, piezoelectric, iontronic, and capacitive, capacitive sensors are the most advantageous owing to their reusability, high durability, device sterilization ability, and minimum leakage currents between the electrode and the body to reduce the health risk arising from any short circuit. This review focuses on the development of wearable, flexible capacitive sensors for monitoring electrophysiological conditions, including the electrode materials and configuration, the sensing mechanisms, and the fabrication strategies. In addition, several design strategies of flexible/stretchable electrodes, body-to-electrode signal transduction, and measurements have been critically evaluated. We have also highlighted the gaps and opportunities needed for enhancing the suitability and practical applicability of wearable capacitive sensors. Finally, the potential applications, research challenges, and future research directions on stretchable and wearable capacitive sensors are outlined in this review.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-08-2006
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2005
DOI: 10.1039/B503873A
Abstract: A photochemical system utilising a modular approach characterised through interpretation of photoelectrochemical measurements is discussed. A photoanode was prepared by the chemisorption of a photosensitiser, cis-bis-(2,2'-bipyridine)-(4,4'-bis-(methyl)phosphonato-2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) dichloride (RuL2L'2+), to a mixed nanoporous nanocrystalline RuO2:TiO2 thin film, calcined on a fluorine doped SnO2 conducting glass substrate. Similarly, an electron relay molecule, 1-ethyl-1'-(2-phosphonoethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride (EVP), was covalently bound to a platinum electroplated nanoporous nanocrystalline TiO2 thin film, and the electrodes connected in a photoelectrocatalytic cell (PCC). Irradiation with lamda > 420 nm gave a measurable photocurrent. Interpretation of the photocurrents obtained from this assembly provides a means for understanding photochemical reactions under low light intensities. Optimised conditions of the electrolyte solution were determined to be pH = 5 and illumination yielded eta = 0.0036% with an apparent quantum yield (AQY)= 1.6%.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-08-2008
DOI: 10.1021/JO801099W
Abstract: The redox potentials of 25 cyclic nitroxides from four different structural classes (pyrrolidine, piperidine, isoindoline, and azaphenalene) were determined experimentally by cyclic voltammetry in acetonitrile, and also via high-level ab initio molecular orbital calculations. It is shown that the potentials are influenced by the type of ring system, ring substituents and/or groups surrounding the radical moiety. For the pyrrolidine, piperidine, and isoindolines there is excellent agreement (mean absolute deviation of 0.05 V) between the calculated and experimental oxidation potentials for the azaphenalenes, however, there is an extraordinary discrepancy (mean absolute deviation of 0.60 V), implying that their one-electron oxidation might involve additional processes not considered in the theoretical calculations. This recently developed azaphenalene class of nitroxide represents a new variant of a nitroxide ring fused to an aromatic system and details of the synthesis of five derivatives involving differing aryl substitution are also presented.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-01-2006
DOI: 10.1021/LA052716J
Abstract: The effect of microwave modification of colloidal TiO2 suspensions under extended periods of treatment is presented. The nanoparticulate TiO2 is compared and contrasted to similar convection hydrothermally treated TiO2 and a commercial titania product, namely Degussa P25. Microwave-treated s les were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy to determine their physicochemical characteristics. Comparative surface area analyses were performed by N2 adsorption and calculated from a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm. The complementary techniques of XRD and TEM showed good correlation between observed and calculated particle sizes (by application of the Scherrer equation), with the material being highly crystalline anatase TiO2, as identified by XRD and Raman. This investigation identified that extended periods of microwave hydrothermal treatment do not greatly enhance the crystallinity and primary grain size. Treatment of >180 min has a negative effect on crystallite growth however, treatment up to this time had a significant effect on the material's surface area. The limiting regime of Ostwald ripening for hydrothermal treatment is discussed in relation to the mechanism of microwave treatment, that is, rapid heating to temperature and extremely rapid rates of crystallization. The effect of these property modifications are further discussed in relation to photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical applications of TiO2 nanoparticles.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 31-08-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2006.06.063
Abstract: The photooxidation of range of common organic pollutants in a dye-sensitised photoelectrochemical cell (DS-PEC) is reported. A photoanode was prepared by the chemisorption of a photosensitiser, cis-bis-(2,2)-bipyridine)-(4,4'-bis-(methyl)phosphonato-2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) dichloride ([Ru(bpy)2(dmpbpy]2+), to a nanoporous nanocrystalline TiO2 thin film on a conducting glass substrate. The photoanode was coupled to a platinum electroplated fluorine doped tin oxide glass substrate in a two electrode assembly and the cell cavity was filled with an aqueous solution of organic pollutants and irradiated with lambda>420 nm to give a measurable photocurrent. In addition to the ability of this cell to photooxidise a range of chemically erse organic pollutants, the application of a kinetic model to observed photocurrent transients allowed the study of interfacial electron transfer processes. Through the mathematical fit of a five-parameter double exponential decay function, evidence to support numerous interfacial reactions for the oxidation process were identified. Rapid oxidation of species in close proximity to the photooxidation centre was proposed as the kinetically fast interfacial process with a first-order rate constant of the order 0.4 s(-1). The slower process was attributed to the diffusion of oxidisable species from the solution bulk to the surface prior to oxidation with a first-order rate constant of the order 0.01 s(-1). Theoretical profiling of the kinetic events supported the biphasic assignment of interfacial processes and indicated that non-exhaustive oxidation occurs for the solution concentrations examined.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2004
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 13-04-2018
DOI: 10.1149/MA2018-01/15/1115
Abstract: The next generation of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants are expected to operate at higher temperatures than those currently in use for improved efficiency [1]. A prerequisite for this is an improved compatibility between the materials used to construct the plant with environmental conditions. CSP systems use combinations of mirrors to concentrate the sun's light energy onto a receiver, which captures the energy and converts it into heat to generate electrical power [2, 3]. The cycle starts when the sunbeam is reflected onto the central receiver tower. The Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) absorbs the thermal energy and carries it to the heat storage system. The thermal energy is then transferred through a heat exchanger (HE) to a superheated CO 2 Brayton Cycle. The sCO 2 then flows through a turbine which generates electricity. The cycle continues by recycling the sCO 2 to the HE. This study provides a brief review on evaluating degradation mechanisms that threaten structural alloys at elevated temperatures, Figure. 1. A comprehensive evaluation should consist of thermal fatigue and creep measurement. Corrosion as a result of the dissolution of alloying elements in the alloy by liquid sodium, as HTF material, and carburization or decarburization of the material need investigation [4, 5]. Liquid metal embrittlement (LME) caused by the penetration of sodium through grain boundaries and erosion due to the movement of liquid sodium in the system are also interesting to be studied [6, 7]. Eutectic salts or metals used as Phase Change Materials (PCM) in the storage are responsible for significant corrosion damage in the storage system. Mechanisms leading to corrosion by PCMs including oxidation, fluxing, de-alloying, impurities, thermal gradient and thermal cycling need more investigation [8-10]. Erosion due to the phase transformation from liquid to solid and vice versa is also important [11]. The susceptibility of sCO 2 Brayton cycle to corrosion damage and erosion due to the flow of compressed hot gas in the system could be also considered for evaluation [12-14]. Figure captions Figure. 1 Diagram showing common issues threatening structural materials at high temperatures in a CSP plant. References [1] Australian solar thermal research initiative (ASTRI), in, www.astri.org.au/ (accessed 6 June 2017). [2] K. Lovegrove, J. Pye, 2 - Fundamental principles of concentrating solar power (CSP) systems, in: K. Lovegrove, W. Stein (Eds.) Concentrating Solar Power Technology, Woodhead Publishing, 2012, pp. 16-67. [3] K. Lovegrove, W.S. Csiro, 1 - Introduction to concentrating solar power (CSP) technology, in: K. Lovegrove, W. Stein (Eds.) Concentrating Solar Power Technology, Woodhead Publishing, 2012, pp. 3-15. [4] J. Pacio, T. Wetzel, Assessment of liquid metal technology status and research paths for their use as efficient heat transfer fluids in solar central receiver systems, Solar Energy, 93 (2013) 11-22. [5] T. Gnanasekaran, R.K. Dayal, B. Raj, Liquid metal corrosion in nuclear reactor and accelerator driven systems, in: Nuclear Corrosion Science and Engineering, Woodhead Publishing, 2012, pp. 301-328. [6] C.F. Old, Liquid metal embrittlement of nuclear materials, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 92 (1980) 2-25. [7] S. Hémery, T. Auger, J.L. Courouau, F. Balbaud-Célérier, Effect of oxygen on liquid sodium embrittlement of T91 martensitic steel, Corrosion Science, 76 (2013) 441-452. [8] M. Sarvghad, T. Chenu, G. Will, Comparative interaction of cold-worked versus annealed inconel 601 with molten carbonate salt at 450°C, Corrosion Science, 116 (2017) 88-97. [9] M. Sarvghad, T.A. Steinberg, G. Will, Corrosion of steel alloys in eutectic NaCl+Na 2 CO 3 at 700 °C and Li 2 CO 3 + K 2 CO 3 + Na 2 CO 3 at 450 °C for thermal energy storage, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 170 (2017) 48-59. [10] M. Sarvghad, G. Will, T.A. Steinberg, Corrosion of Inconel 601 in molten salts for thermal energy storage, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 172 (2017) 220-229. [11] P.D. Myers, D.Y. Goswami, Thermal energy storage using chloride salts and their eutectics, Applied Thermal Engineering, 109 (2016) 889-900. [12] F. Rouillard, F. Charton, G. Moine, Corrosion behavior of different metallic materials in supercritical carbon dioxide at 550°C and 250 bars, Corrosion, 67 (2011) 1-7. [13] D.D. Fleming, A.M. Kruizenga, Identified corrosion and erosion mechanisms in SCO2 Brayton cycles, in, Sandia National Laboratories, 2014. [14] D.D. Fleming, Corrosion and Erosion behavior in Supercritical CO2 power cycles, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States), 2014. Figure 1
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 05-04-2018
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9NR02458A
Abstract: Here we galvanically replace liquid galinstan with Pt to create PtGa nanoparticles via expulsion from the liquid metal surface. These nanomaterials are active for a variety of electrocatalytic reactions.
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 10-2010
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.138.137
Abstract: A direct interrogation, portable analysis technique (portable FT-IR) and a novel environment-monitoring profluorescent sensor for studying aircraft coating degradation have been developed. For the direct interrogation approach, a standard military aircraft paint: 459-line Anzothane flexible polyurethane (lead free) has been used to illustrate a new potential field technique to evaluate coating service lifetime, portable FT-IR. This technique allows direct analysis of chemical changes within the degrading coatings and has the potential to evaluate service lifetime when coupled with advanced statistical analysis methods (chemometrics). The degradation environment monitoring sensors are embodied in a profluorescent environment-sensitive witness patch that may be analysed in-service by a field-deployable fluorescence spectrometer. Accelerated ageing for both the paint and the witness patches has been undertaken and their capabilities as aircraft paint degradation monitors assessed.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 09-1999
DOI: 10.1021/JP990414I
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1039/A908064C
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 06-2011
Start Date: 02-2008
End Date: 06-2011
Summary: Efficient Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells: New Cathodic Materials and Systems. Accelerating the uptake of renewable energy through new and diverse sources is critical to Australia's commitment to sustainable future, and Australia's energy security. This project will address key issues in commercially emerging Dye Solar Cell (DSC) technology, which has been accepted as a credible avenue to cost effective solar electricity. To date, significant development both in industry and Academia, has resulted in .... Efficient Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells: New Cathodic Materials and Systems. Accelerating the uptake of renewable energy through new and diverse sources is critical to Australia's commitment to sustainable future, and Australia's energy security. This project will address key issues in commercially emerging Dye Solar Cell (DSC) technology, which has been accepted as a credible avenue to cost effective solar electricity. To date, significant development both in industry and Academia, has resulted in Australia's leading and often pioneering position in this field. The project will maintain and enhance this position through both scientific and commercial outcomes, including opening up new markets for flexible DSC and exporting products and technological solutions through commercial activities of the Partner Organisation. Read more Read less
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 03-2002
End Date: 12-2006
Summary: Mathematical modelling of dye-sensitised titania solar cells: a route to improved efficiency in production. Dye-sensitised titania solar cells (DSCs) provide a technically and economically credible alternative to silicon photovotaic devices. Increasing the efficiency of commercially produced DSCs to 12% from the current production cell efficiency of 6%,will result in significantly lower delivered energy costs than the current alternative photovoltaic devices. This project will develop a mathemat .... Mathematical modelling of dye-sensitised titania solar cells: a route to improved efficiency in production. Dye-sensitised titania solar cells (DSCs) provide a technically and economically credible alternative to silicon photovotaic devices. Increasing the efficiency of commercially produced DSCs to 12% from the current production cell efficiency of 6%,will result in significantly lower delivered energy costs than the current alternative photovoltaic devices. This project will develop a mathematical model of a DSC as a first stage in the development of a decision support capability for the manufacture of more efficient DSC's. The model will extend existing models to incorporate full transport modelling and side-reactions in the electrolyte and will be validated by experimental work. Read more Read less
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2009
End Date: 12-2009
Summary: The National Hydrogen Materials Reference Facility. Hydrogen energy technology is a vital element in the global response to climate change owing to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels from burning fossil fuels. Hydrogen is a universal energy carrier that facilitates the transformation of energy from renewable and other sources for applications in industry, transport and homes. The National Hydrogen Materials Reference Facility is a multidisciplinary, state-of-the-art experimental facili .... The National Hydrogen Materials Reference Facility. Hydrogen energy technology is a vital element in the global response to climate change owing to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels from burning fossil fuels. Hydrogen is a universal energy carrier that facilitates the transformation of energy from renewable and other sources for applications in industry, transport and homes. The National Hydrogen Materials Reference Facility is a multidisciplinary, state-of-the-art experimental facility for materials science supporting excellent research into advanced materials for hydrogen generation from fossil fuels and by solar means, hydrogen storage for automotive and stationary applications, hydrogen distribution and hydrogen end use, particularly in fuel cells that generate electricity. Read more Read less
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 02-2004
End Date: 03-2005
Summary: Young Investigators Network on Next Generation Electronic Devices. This initiative will build an active, dynamic and strongly interdisciplinary network of young Australian scientists (most awarded their Ph.D. after 1985) working on the development of innovative electronic devices - a national research priority area with enormous economic and technological opportunity. The network will enable a nationally coordinated, internationally competitive approach that capitalizes on untapped opportunitie .... Young Investigators Network on Next Generation Electronic Devices. This initiative will build an active, dynamic and strongly interdisciplinary network of young Australian scientists (most awarded their Ph.D. after 1985) working on the development of innovative electronic devices - a national research priority area with enormous economic and technological opportunity. The network will enable a nationally coordinated, internationally competitive approach that capitalizes on untapped opportunities, utilises existing/emerging Australian expertise and develops strong supporting links with similar networks overseas. The initiative will produce a public showcase of Australian strengths and opportunities in this field, and enable stronger collaborations and cooperative logistics management through the development of a dedicated network management website. Read more Read less
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2004
End Date: 12-2007
Summary: SYNTHESIS OF A NANO-STRUCTURED TITANIA SURFACE AND ITS APPLICATION IN PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION FOR WATER TREATMENT. Australia is facing severe freshwater crisis. Although there is an increasing public awareness of saving and using water efficiently, re-using water/wastewater has been neglected. In Australia, 97% of city runoff and 86% of effluent water is unproductive. How to recycle and re-use them becomes an urgent issue. This project attempts to develop novel titania based photocatalysts to c .... SYNTHESIS OF A NANO-STRUCTURED TITANIA SURFACE AND ITS APPLICATION IN PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION FOR WATER TREATMENT. Australia is facing severe freshwater crisis. Although there is an increasing public awareness of saving and using water efficiently, re-using water/wastewater has been neglected. In Australia, 97% of city runoff and 86% of effluent water is unproductive. How to recycle and re-use them becomes an urgent issue. This project attempts to develop novel titania based photocatalysts to convert organic contaminated water into reusable/potable freshwater. The project's innovation lies in the synthesis of highly reactive nano-structured titania surfaces in fixed form to solve downstream separation problem. Successful development of such photocatalysts will show significant environmental and socio-economic benefits to Australia. Read more Read less
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 02-2008
End Date: 03-2012
Summary: Novel Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Water Purification - Science and Application. Water is rapidly becoming Australia's most critical natural resource, and there is an urgent need to re-use and recycle water from domestic use (graywater) and industry, as well as utilisation of larger scale harvesting of rainwater. The outcome of this project will be a technology which can remove organic material (biological and non-biological) from water, enabling a greater range of uses of wastewater. This .... Novel Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Water Purification - Science and Application. Water is rapidly becoming Australia's most critical natural resource, and there is an urgent need to re-use and recycle water from domestic use (graywater) and industry, as well as utilisation of larger scale harvesting of rainwater. The outcome of this project will be a technology which can remove organic material (biological and non-biological) from water, enabling a greater range of uses of wastewater. This technology will play a significant role in delivering future water security, and developing new industries involved in manufacture and export of water treatment technologies. This project directly addresses the National Priority Research area of water, and international priorities involving greater re-use and recycling of water. Read more Read less
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 01-2012
End Date: 12-2013
Summary: An integrated system for characterisation of mechanical behaviour of bio- and nanomaterials at micro and nano scales in Queensland. Australia's material sciences will benefit from a new integrated system capable of microforce and nanomechanical testing of biomaterials, polymers and thin films, medical devices and electronics at the micro and nano scales. This facility will support ground-breaking research. It will help promote strategic collaboration and ensure the competitiveness of related and .... An integrated system for characterisation of mechanical behaviour of bio- and nanomaterials at micro and nano scales in Queensland. Australia's material sciences will benefit from a new integrated system capable of microforce and nanomechanical testing of biomaterials, polymers and thin films, medical devices and electronics at the micro and nano scales. This facility will support ground-breaking research. It will help promote strategic collaboration and ensure the competitiveness of related and emerging industries. Read more Read less
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity