ORCID Profile
0000-0002-1088-2014
Current Organisations
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Fakulti Sains Dan Sekitaran Marin
,
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-03-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-08-2013
DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1958
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 04-07-2008
Abstract: It has previously been thought that there was a steep Cretaceous and Cenozoic radiation of marine invertebrates. This pattern can be replicated with a new data set of fossil occurrences representing 3.5 million specimens, but only when older analytical protocols are used. Moreover, analyses that employ s ling standardization and more robust counting methods show a modest rise in ersity with no clear trend after the mid-Cretaceous. Globally, locally, and at both high and low latitudes, ersity was less than twice as high in the Neogene as in the mid-Paleozoic. The ratio of global to local richness has changed little, and a latitudinal ersity gradient was present in the early Paleozoic.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-11-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-05-2021
DOI: 10.1111/GEB.13321
Abstract: The current assessment of extinction risk in reef corals by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has been criticized, because coral life‐history traits associated with resilience are not reflected in the conservation status. We aimed to carry out a quantitative assessment of the link between reef coral traits and species extinction risk informed by extinctions of reef corals observed in the fossil record. Global. Plio‐Pleistocene and present day. Scleractinian reef corals. We used morphological traits, phylogenetic information and evidence of extinction during the Plio‐Pleistocene to predict the extinction risk of contemporary reef corals. Our model was trained using 138 Caribbean fossil coral species and an automatic machine learning algorithm. We then used this model to predict the extinction risk of 674 modern coral species. Model validation confirmed 77% accuracy in predicting extinction risk of fossil corals. Extinction risk predicted by our model showed a near‐random (57%) match with the IUCN conservation status. Our model also suggested that corals in the Least Concern or Near Threatened categories might be at higher risk of extinction than currently believed. Morphological traits of fossil corals linked to their extinction risk in the Plio‐Pleistocene Caribbean Sea are known to reflect the vulnerability of extant corals. However, the results from our fossil‐calibrated model do not match the IUCN assessment of reef corals, with increased overall extinction risk. This does not necessarily indicate near‐future extinction risk, because fossil extinctions are spread over thousands of years. However, we show the applicability of using fossil data to inform the extinction risk of modern corals and recommend that future assessments of extinction risk of reef corals should consider incorporating the relationship between morphological traits and resilience, calibrated by fossil data, to maximize the utility of the extinction risk assessment.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-08-2015
DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2769
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 12-05-2006
Abstract: Ecological interactions, such as predation and bioturbation, are thought to be fundamental determinants of macroevolutionary trends. A data set containing global occurrences of Phanerozoic fossils of benthic marine invertebrates shows escalatory trends in the relative frequency of ecological groups, such as carnivores and noncarnivorous infaunal or mobile organisms. Associations between these trends are either statistically insignificant or interpretable as preservational effects. Thus, there is no evidence that escalation drives macroecological trends at global and million-year time scales. We also find that taxonomic richness and occurrence data are cross-correlated, which justifies the traditional use of one as a proxy of the other.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-07-2023
DOI: 10.1111/GEB.13735
Abstract: We have little understanding of how communities respond to varying magnitudes and rates of environmental perturbations across temporal scales. BioDeepTime harmonizes assemblage time series of presence and abundance data to help facilitate investigations of community dynamics across timescales and the response of communities to natural and anthropogenic stressors. BioDeepTime includes time series of terrestrial and aquatic assemblages of varying spatial and temporal grain and extent from the present‐day to millions of years ago. BioDeepTime currently contains 7,437,847 taxon records from 10,062 assemblage time series, each with a minimum of 10 time steps. Age constraints, s ling method, environment and taxonomic scope are provided for each time series. The database includes 8752 unique s ling locations from freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Spatial grain represented by in idual s les varies from quadrats on the order of several cm 2 to grid cells of ~100 km 2 . BioDeepTime in aggregate currently spans the last 451 million years, with the 10,062 modern and fossil assemblage time series ranging in extent from years to millions of years. The median extent of modern time series is 18.7 years and for fossil series is 54,872 years. Temporal grain, the time encompassed by in idual s les, ranges from days to tens of thousands of years. The database contains information on 28,777 unique taxa with 4,769,789 records at the species level and another 271,218 records known to the genus level, including time series of benthic and planktonic foraminifera, coccolithophores, diatoms, ostracods, plants (pollen), radiolarians and other invertebrates and vertebrates. There are to date 7012 modern and 3050 fossil time series in BioDeepTime. SQLite, Comma‐separated values.
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 11-07-2012
Abstract: A Marine Climate Impacts Workshop was held from 29 April to 3 May 2012 at the US National Center of Ecological Analysis and Synthesis in Santa Barbara. This workshop was the culmination of a series of six meetings over the past three years, which had brought together 25 experts in climate change ecology, analysis of large datasets, palaeontology, marine ecology and physical oceanography. Aims of these workshops were to produce a global synthesis of climate impacts on marine biota, to identify sensitive habitats and taxa, to inform the current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) process, and to strengthen research into ecological impacts of climate change.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 04-2016
Abstract: Pleistocene sea-level change transformed staghorn corals into prolific reef builders that are sensitive to anthropogenic stressors.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-09-2015
DOI: 10.1111/GEB.12218
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-05-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-022-30234-6
Abstract: Ecological interactions are ubiquitous on tropical coral reefs, where sessile organisms coexist in limited space. Within these high- ersity systems, reef-building scleractinian corals form an intricate interaction network. The role of biotic interactions among reef corals is well established on ecological timescales. However, its potential effect on macroevolutionary patterns remains unclear. By analysing the rich fossil record of Scleractinia, we show that reef coral bio ersity experienced marked evolutionary rate shifts in the last 3 million years, possibly driven by biotic interactions. Our models suggest that there was an overwhelming effect of staghorn corals (family Acroporidae) on the fossil ersity trajectories of other coral groups. Staghorn corals showed an unparalleled spike in ersification during the Pleistocene. But surprisingly, their expansion was linked with increases in both extinction and speciation rates in other coral families, driving a nine-fold increase in lineage turnover. These results reveal a double-edged effect of ersity dependency on reef evolution. Given their fast growth, staghorn corals may have increased extinction rates via competitive interactions, while promoting speciation through their role as ecosystem engineers. This suggests that recent widespread human-mediated reductions in staghorn coral cover, may be disrupting the key macroevolutionary processes that established modern coral reef ecosystems.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-06-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S10347-023-00671-W
Abstract: Drivers of reef decline are well known both today and in the geological past. Considerably less is known about the preconditions for a pantropical expansion of coral reefs. The geological record of reef building is characterised by considerably long intervals with very limited reef expansion and geologically brief ( 20 million years) episodes of prolific, pantropical reef growth. Here, we propose a new "co-occurrence hypothesis" (COH), which posits that reefs thrive when fast-growing hypercalcifiers co-occur with encrusting organisms such as calcifying microbes or coralline algae to construct wave-resistant structures. While there is little evidence of the effect of abiotic drivers on reef proliferation, we find that positive co-occurrence patterns are significantly more common in reefal as compared to non-reefal communities, suggesting that biological interactions are more relevant in reefs than in non-reefs. Supporting COH, we also show that reefs after the end-Permian mass extinction became more modular in nature with limited membership in reef assemblages during reef booms than in typical periods of reef growth (background intervals). Modularity in reefs may have led to the stabilisation of reef ecosystems, giving them the ability to recover from small perturbations, promoting reefal carbonate accretion and prolific reef growth.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 09-10-2020
Abstract: In the Anthropocene, humans are altering ecosystems, causing extinctions, and reassorting species distributions. As we facilitate these changes, we are creating new collections of species. Such “novel communities” are not specific to our epoch, and the patterns of ersity and extinction associated with past events can shed light on the implications of current community restructuring. Pandolfi et al. looked at marine plankton communities over the past ∼66 million years and found that the emergence of novel communities leads to further novelty and extinction (see the Perspective by Dornelas and Madin). Although community change is a natural biological response to environmental change, the current rate of change could lead to impending and rapid impacts. Science , this issue p. 220 see also p. 164
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 23-09-2018
DOI: 10.1101/423780
Abstract: Unbiased time series of ersity dynamics are vital for quantifying the grand history of life. Applications include identifying ancient mass extinctions and inferring both biotic and abiotic controls on ersification rates. We introduce Dyn, a new R package that facilitates the calculation of taxonomic richness, extinction and origination rates from time-binned fossil s ling data. State-of-the-art s ling completeness metrics, counting protocols, and s ling standardisation functions permit the reconstruction of biologically meaningful time series. Additional functions permit the partitioning of turnover rates by trait and environmental affinity. We display Phanerozoic-scale ersity dynamics of marine invertebrates using the Dyn package. Using the core function and standard subs ling options, we revisit earlier assessments of declining extinction and origination rates over time and of equilibrial ersity dynamics to assess their methodological dependency. The modular and fast implementation of published methods ensures traceability, reproducibility, and comparability of future studies.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-05-2022
DOI: 10.1111/ELE.14016
Abstract: Anthropogenic disturbance and climate change can result in dramatic increases in the emergence of new, ecologically novel, communities of organisms. We used a standardised framework to detect local novel communities in 2135 pollen time series over the last 25,000 years. Eight thousand years of post-glacial warming coincided with a threefold increase in local novel community emergence relative to glacial estimates. Novel communities emerged predominantly at high latitudes and were linked to global and local temperature change across multi-millennial time intervals. In contrast, emergence of locally novel communities in the last 200 years, although already on par with glacial retreat estimates, occurred at midlatitudes and near high human population densities. Anthropogenic warming does not appear to be strongly associated with modern local novel communities, but may drive widespread emergence in the future, with legacy effects for millennia after warming abates.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-09-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-10961-3
Abstract: Global mean temperature is thought to have exceeded that of today during the last interglacial episode (LIG, ~ 125,000 yrs b.p.) but robust paleoclimate data are still rare in low latitudes. Occurrence data of tropical reef corals may provide new proxies of low latitude sea-surface temperatures. Using modern reef coral distributions we developed a geographically explicit model of sea surface temperatures. Applying this model to coral occurrence data of the LIG provides a latitudinal U-shaped pattern of temperature anomalies with cooler than modern temperatures around the equator and warmer subtropical climes. Our results agree with previously published estimates of LIG temperatures and suggest a poleward broadening of the habitable zone for reef corals during the LIG.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 21-04-2023
Abstract: Earth’s bio ersity and human societies face pollution, overconsumption of natural resources, urbanization, demographic shifts, social and economic inequalities, and habitat loss, many of which are exacerbated by climate change. Here, we review links among climate, bio ersity, and society and develop a roadmap toward sustainability. These include limiting warming to 1.5°C and effectively conserving and restoring functional ecosystems on 30 to 50% of land, freshwater, and ocean “scapes.” We envision a mosaic of interconnected protected and shared spaces, including intensively used spaces, to strengthen self-sustaining bio ersity, the capacity of people and nature to adapt to and mitigate climate change, and nature’s contributions to people. Fostering interlinked human, ecosystem, and planetary health for a livable future urgently requires bold implementation of transformative policy interventions through interconnected institutions, governance, and social systems from local to global levels.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 10-12-2012
Abstract: The Last Interglacial (LIG ca. 125,000 y ago) resulted from rapid global warming and reached global mean temperatures exceeding those of today. The LIG thus offers the opportunity to study how life may respond to future global warming. Using global occurrence databases and applying s ling-standardization, we compared reef coral ersity and distributions between the LIG and modern. Latitudinal ersity patterns are characterized by a tropical plateau today but were characterized by a pronounced equatorial trough during the LIG. This trough is governed by substantial range shifts away from the equator. Range shifts affected both leading and trailing edges of species range limits and were much more pronounced in the Northern Hemisphere than south of the equator. We argue that interglacial warming was responsible for the loss of equatorial ersity. Hemispheric differences in insolation during the LIG may explain the asymmetrical response. The equatorial retractions are surprisingly strong given that only small temperature changes have been reported in the LIG tropics. Our results suggest that the poleward range expansions of reef corals occurring with intensified global warming today may soon be followed by equatorial range retractions.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 10-11-2006
Abstract: Roopnarine et al . and Dietl and Vermeij do not challenge our results but argue that escalation can be seen only at fine scales. This claim diminishes the theory and needs to be tested, not asserted. Roopnarine et al . incorrectly presume that our data are dominated by carnivores. Dietl and Vermeij overlook the fact that in addition to having no effect on global ersity, escalation has no effect on occurrence frequency.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 04-06-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.02.131037
Abstract: Local and global environmental change is transforming ecological assemblages into new configurations, resulting in ecosystems with novel communities. Here we develop a robust methodology for the identification of novel communities, examine patterns in their natural chance of occurrence, and quantify the probability of local extinction, emigration, local origination and immigration in transitions to and from novel communities. Using a global dataset of Cenozoic marine plankton communities, we found the probability of local extinction, origination and emigration during transitions to a novel community increased up to four times that of background community changes, with the probability of species loss about equal to that of species gain. Although rare, once a novel community state emerged, the chance of shifting into another novel community state was five times greater than expected by chance. Thus, for marine planktonic communities at 100K year time scales, novel communities are particularly sensitive to further extinctions and community shift. Once developed, novel ecological communities face increased susceptibility to further shifts in species composition, with heightened extinction risk.
Location: Malaysia
Location: Germany
No related grants have been discovered for Wolfgang Kiessling.