ORCID Profile
0000-0002-1858-8485
Current Organisation
International Atomic Energy Agency
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Geology | Isotope Geochemistry | Ore Deposit Petrology | Geochemistry | Geochronology | Biochemistry And Cell Biology Not Elsewhere Classified | Biochemistry and Cell Biology | Zoology Not Elsewhere Classified | Chemical Characterisation of Materials | Chemical Oceanography | Geochronology | Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified | Ore Deposit Petrology | Functional Materials | Conservation and Biodiversity | Environmental Science and Management | Botany Not Elsewhere Classified | Physical Chemistry (Incl. Structural) | Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy | Inorganic Geochemistry | Exploration Geochemistry | Organic Geochemistry | Geodynamics | Materials Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Structural Geology | Tectonics
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Mineral Exploration not elsewhere classified | Expanding Knowledge in the Earth Sciences | Precious (Noble) Metal Ore Exploration | Biological sciences | Estuarine and lagoon areas | Climate variability | Climate change | Living resources (incl. impacts of fishing on non-target species) | Alumina production | Physical and chemical conditions | Solid Oxide Fuel Cells | Integrated (ecosystem) assessment and management | Oceanic processes (excl. climate related) | Primary Mining and Extraction of Mineral Resources not elsewhere classified | Marine protected areas | Scientific instrumentation | Oil and Gas Exploration | Living resources (flora and fauna) | Land and water management | Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Titanium Minerals, Zircon, and Rare Earth Metal Ore (e.g. Monazite) Exploration | Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences |
Related Links
Publications
Growth dynamics and amorphous-to-crystalline phase transformation in natural nacre
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-04-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-023-37814-0
Abstract: Biominerals, such as nacreous bivalve shells, are important archives of environmental information. Most marine calcifiers form their shells from amorphous calcium carbonate, hypothesised to occur via particle attachment and stepwise crystallisation of metastable precursor phases. However, the mechanism of this transformation, including the incorporation of trace elements used for environmental reconstructions, are poorly constrained. Here, using shells of the Mediterranean mussel, we explore the formation of nacre from the meso- to the atomic scale. We use a combination of strontium pulse-chase labelling experiments in aquaculture and correlated micro- to sub-nanoscale analysis to show that nacre grows in a dynamic two-step process with extensional and space-filling growth components. Furthermore, we show that nacre crystallizes via localised dissolution and reprecipitation within nanogranules. Our findings elucidate how stepwise crystallization pathways affect trace element incorporation in natural biominerals, while preserving their intricate hierarchical ultrastructure.
Impact of high CO2 on the geochemistry of the coralline algae Lithothamnion glaciale
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-02-2016
DOI: 10.1038/SREP20572
Abstract: Coralline algae are a significant component of the benthic ecosystem. Their ability to withstand physical stresses in high energy environments relies on their skeletal structure which is composed of high Mg-calcite. High Mg-calcite is, however, the most soluble form of calcium carbonate and therefore potentially vulnerable to the change in carbonate chemistry resulting from the absorption of anthropogenic CO 2 by the ocean. We examine the geochemistry of the cold water coralline alga Lithothamnion glaciale grown under predicted future (year 2050) high pCO 2 (589 μatm) using Electron microprobe and NanoSIMS analysis. In the natural and control material, higher Mg calcite forms clear concentric bands around the algal cells. As expected, summer growth has a higher Mg content compared to the winter growth. In contrast, under elevated CO 2 no banding of Mg is recognisable and overall Mg concentrations are lower. This reduction in Mg in the carbonate undermines the accuracy of the Mg/Ca ratio as proxy for past temperatures in time intervals with significantly different carbonate chemistry. Fundamentally, the loss of Mg in the calcite may reduce elasticity thereby changing the structural properties, which may affect the ability of L. glaciale to efficiently function as a habitat former in the future ocean.
Biological role in the transformation of platinum-group mineral grains
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-03-2016
DOI: 10.1038/NGEO2679
Viruses as new agents of organomineralization in the geological record
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-07-2014
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS5298
Abstract: Viruses are the most abundant biological entities throughout marine and terrestrial ecosystems, but little is known about virus-mineral interactions or the potential for virus preservation in the geological record. Here we use contextual metagenomic data and microscopic analyses to show that viruses occur in high ersity within a modern lacustrine microbial mat, and vastly outnumber prokaryotes and other components of the microbial mat. Experimental data reveal that mineral precipitation takes place directly on free viruses and, as a result of viral infections, on cell debris resulting from cell lysis. Viruses are initially permineralized by amorphous magnesium silicates, which then alter to magnesium carbonate nanospheres of ~80-200 nm in diameter during diagenesis. Our findings open up the possibility to investigate the evolution and geological history of viruses and their role in organomineralization, as well as providing an alternative explanation for enigmatic carbonate nanospheres previously observed in the geological record.
The entrapment of corrosion products from CoCr implant alloys in the deposits of calcium phosphate: A comparison of serum, synovial fluid, albumin, EDTA, and water
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-07-2006
DOI: 10.1002/JOR.20198
Abstract: Physical wear of orthopedic implants is inevitable. CoCr alloy s les, typically used in joint reconstruction, corrode rapidly after removal of the protective oxide layer. The behavior of CoCr pellets immersed in human serum, foetal bovine serum (FBS), synovial fluid, albumin in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), EDTA in PBS, and water were studied using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS). The difference in the corrosive nature of human serum, water, albumin in PBS and synovial fluid after 5 days of immersion was highlighted by the oxide layer, which was respectively 15, 3.5, 1.5, and 1.5 nm thick. The thickness of an additional calcium phosphate deposit from human serum and synovial fluid was 40 and 2 nm, respectively. Co and Cr ions migrated from the bulk metal surface and were trapped in this deposit by the phosphate anion. This may account for the composition of wear debris from CoCr orthopedic implants, which is known to consist predominantly of hydroxy-phosphate compounds. Known components of synovial fluid including proteoglycans, pyrophosphates, phospholipids, lubricin, and superficial zone protein (SZP), have been identified as possible causes for the lack of significant calcium phosphate deposition in this environment. Circulation of these compounds around the whole implant may inhibit calcium phosphate deposition.
High-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of carbon dynamics in mycorrhizas formed by an obligately myco-heterotrophic orchid
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-12-2014
DOI: 10.1111/PCE.12230
Abstract: Mycorrhiza formation represents a significant carbon (C) acquisition alternative for orchid species, particularly those that remain achlorophyllous through all life stages. As it is known that orchid mycorrhizas facilitate nutrient transfer (most notably of C), it has not been resolved if C transfer occurs only after lysis of mycorrhizal structures (fungal pelotons) or also across the mycorrhizal interface of pre-lysed pelotons. We used high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS) and labelling with enriched (13) CO2 to trace C transfers, at subcellular scale, across mycorrhizal interfaces formed by Rhizanthella gardneri, an achlorphyllous orchid. Carbon was successfully traced in to the fungal portion of orchid mycorrhizas. However, we did not detect C movement across intact mycorrhizal interfaces up to 216 h post (13) CO2 labelling. Our findings provide support for the hypothesis that C transfer from the mycorrhizal fungus to orchid, at least for R. gardneri, likely occurs after lysis of the fungal peloton.
Single-cell measurement of ammonium and bicarbonate uptake within a photosymbiotic bioeroding sponge
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-01-2018
Biosignatures link microorganisms to iron mineralization in a paleoaquifer
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 08-2012
DOI: 10.1130/G33062.1
Corrigendum: Using Aiptasia as a Model to Study Metabolic Interactions in Cnidarian-Symbiodinium Symbioses
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 15-05-2018
Recognition of a widespread Paleoproterozoic hydrothermal system in the southern McArthur Basin, northern Australia, by in-situ analysis of fine-grained pyrite and spatially-associated solid bitumen in the Lamont Pass palaeohigh
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
The effect of silica activity on the diffusion of Ni and Co in olivine
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2014
Characterization of polymeric nanoparticles for treatment of partial injury to the central nervous system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Solubility of silicon in liquid metal at high pressure: implications for the composition of the Earth’s core
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2001
In Situ Mapping of Nutrient Uptake in the Rhizosphere Using Nanoscale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-10-2009
Wide Field of View Versus High Spatial Resolution and High Sensitivity – the Advantage of Correlative Microscopies (APT, SIMS, EBSD, μXRF) for the Analysis of Minerals
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 22-07-2023
Insights into architecture, growth dynamics, and biomineralization from pulsed Sr-labelled Katelysia rhytiphora shells (Mollusca, Bivalvia)
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 12-09-2019
Abstract: Abstract. The intertidal bivalve Katelysia rhytiphora, endemic to south Australia and Tasmania, is used here for pulsed Sr-labelling experiments in aquaculture experiments to visualize shell growth at the micro- to nanoscale. The ventral margin area of the outer shell layer composed of (i) an outermost outer shell layer (oOSL) with compound composite prismatic architecture with three hierarchical orders of prisms and (ii) an innermost outer shell layer (iOSL) with crossed-acicular architecture consisting of intersecting lamellae bundles. All structural orders in both layers are enveloped by an organic sheath and the smallest mineralized units are nano-granules. Electron backscatter diffraction reveals a strong preferred orientation of the aragonite c axes perpendicular to the growth layers, while the a and b axes are scattered within a plane normal to the local growth direction and % twin grain boundaries are detected. The Young's modulus shows a girdle-like maximum of elastically stiffer orientations for the shell following the inner shell surface. For 6 d, the bivalves were subjected twice to seawater with an increased Sr concentration of 18× mean ocean water by dissolving 144 µg g−1 Sr (159.88 Sr∕Ca mmol ∕ mol) in seawater. The pulse labelling intervals in the shell are 17× (oOSL) and 12× (iOSL) enriched in Sr relative to the Sr-spiked seawater. All architectural units in the shell are transected by the Sr label, demonstrating shell growth to progress homogeneously instead of forming one in idual architectural unit after the other. Distribution coefficients, DSr ∕ Ca, for labelled and unlabelled shells are similar to shell proportions formed in the wild (0.12 to 0.15). All DSr ∕ Ca values are lower than values for equilibrium partitioning of Sr in synthetic aragonite.
Reassessing the first appearance of eukaryotes and cyanobacteria
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2008
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE07381
Abstract: The evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis had a profound impact on the Earth's surface chemistry, leading to a sharp rise in atmospheric oxygen between 2.45 and 2.32 billion years (Gyr) ago and the onset of extreme ice ages. The oldest widely accepted evidence for oxygenic photosynthesis has come from hydrocarbons extracted from approximately 2.7-Gyr-old shales in the Pilbara Craton, Australia, which contain traces of biomarkers (molecular fossils) indicative of eukaryotes and suggestive of oxygen-producing cyanobacteria. The soluble hydrocarbons were interpreted to be indigenous and syngenetic despite metamorphic alteration and extreme enrichment (10-20 per thousand) of (13)C relative to bulk sedimentary organic matter. Here we present micrometre-scale, in situ (13)C/(12)C measurements of pyrobitumen (thermally altered petroleum) and kerogen from these metamorphosed shales, including s les that originally yielded biomarkers. Our results show that both kerogen and pyrobitumen are strongly depleted in (13)C, indicating that indigenous petroleum is 10-20 per thousand lighter than the extracted hydrocarbons. These results are inconsistent with an indigenous origin for the biomarkers. Whatever their origin, the biomarkers must have entered the rock after peak metamorphism approximately 2.2 Gyr ago and thus do not provide evidence for the existence of eukaryotes and cyanobacteria in the Archaean eon. The oldest fossil evidence for eukaryotes and cyanobacteria therefore reverts to 1.78-1.68 Gyr ago and approximately 2.15 Gyr ago, respectively. Our results eliminate the evidence for oxygenic photosynthesis approximately 2.7 Gyr ago and exclude previous biomarker evidence for a long delay (approximately 300 million years) between the appearance of oxygen-producing cyanobacteria and the rise in atmospheric oxygen 2.45-2.32 Gyr ago.
The golden ark: Arsenopyrite crystal plasticity and the retention of gold through high strain and metamorphism
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-03-2016
DOI: 10.1111/TER.12206
Going nano: A new step toward understanding the processes governing freshwater ooid formation
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 06-2012
DOI: 10.1130/G32846.1
Radionuclide-bearing minerals in Olympic Dam copper concentrates
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
High-resolution elemental localization in vacuolate plant cells by nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-08-2010
A combined TEM and NanoSIMS study of endolithic microfossils in altered seafloor basalt
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
Chemical interactions in Ti doped MgB2superconducting bulk samples and wires
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 25-07-2005
Biodiversity of Living, Non-marine, Thrombolites of Lake Clifton, Western Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-06-2016
In situ multiple sulfur isotope analysis by SIMS of pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and pentlandite to refine magmatic ore genetic models
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Exploring the transfer of recent plant photosynthates to soil microbes: mycorrhizal pathway vs direct root exudation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-11-2015
DOI: 10.1111/NPH.13138
Abstract: Plants rapidly release photoassimilated carbon (C) to the soil via direct root exudation and associated mycorrhizal fungi, with both pathways promoting plant nutrient availability. This study aimed to explore these pathways from the root's vascular bundle to soil microbial communities. Using nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (Nano SIMS ) imaging and 13 C‐phospho‐ and neutral lipid fatty acids, we traced in‐situ flows of recently photoassimilated C of 13 CO 2 ‐exposed wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) through arbuscular mycorrhiza ( AM ) into root‐ and hyphae‐associated soil microbial communities. Intraradical hyphae of AM fungi were significantly 13 C‐enriched compared to other root‐cortex areas after 8 h of labelling. Immature fine root areas close to the root tip, where AM features were absent, showed signs of passive C loss and co‐location of photoassimilates with nitrogen taken up from the soil solution. A significant and exclusively fresh proportion of 13 C‐photosynthates was delivered through the AM pathway and was utilised by different microbial groups compared to C directly released by roots. Our results indicate that a major release of recent photosynthates into soil leave plant roots via AM intraradical hyphae already upstream of passive root exudations. AM fungi may act as a rapid hub for translocating fresh plant C to soil microbes.
NanoSIMS chemical imaging combined with correlative microscopy for biological sample analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.COPBIO.2016.06.006
Abstract: Nano-scale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (NanoSIMS) is one of the most powerful in situ elemental and isotopic analysis techniques available to biologists. The combination of stable isotope probing with NanoSIMS (nanoSIP) has opened up new avenues for biological studies over the past decade. However, due to limitations inherent with any analytical methodology, additional information from correlative techniques is usually required to address real biological questions. Here we review recent developments in correlative analysis applied to complex biological systems: first, high-resolution tracking of molecules (e.g. peptides, lipids) by correlation with electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy second, identification of a specific microbial taxon with fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantification of its metabolic capacities and, third, molecular specific imaging with new probes.
High-resolution imaging of complex crack chemistry in reactor steels by NanoSIMS
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2008
Two coexisting sulfur metabolisms in a ca. 3400 Ma sandstone
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 12-2010
DOI: 10.1130/G31329.1
Nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry — A new analytical tool in biogeochemistry and soil ecology: A review article
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2007
Managing the excessive proliferation of glycogen accumulating organisms in industrial activated sludge by nitrogen supplementation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
NanoSIMS Analysis of Intravascular Lipolysis and Lipid Movement across Capillaries and into Cardiomyocytes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Diffusion and solubilities of Rh, Ru and Ir in olivine and spinel
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Macrophages release plasma membrane-derived particles rich in accessible cholesterol
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 20-08-2018
Abstract: Earlier studies suggested that particles are released from the macrophage plasma membrane, but the mechanism has been unclear. We found that filopodia of macrophages release large numbers of vesicular particles. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry revealed that these particles are enriched in cholesterol, including the “accessible” pool of cholesterol detectable by the cholesterol-binding protein. The cholesterol content of macrophage particles increased when the cells were loaded with cholesterol and could be depleted by incubating the cells with high-density lipoproteins. Our studies suggest that the release of particles by macrophages could be one mechanism for cholesterol efflux and that particles could be an intermediate in the movement of cholesterol to high-density lipoproteins.
Nanoscale characterisation of crystal zoning
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Segregation of B, P, and C in the Ni-Based Superalloy, Inconel 718
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-03-2012
Single-cell visualization indicates direct role of sponge host in uptake of dissolved organic matter
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 04-12-2019
Abstract: Marine sponges are set to become more abundant in many near-future oligotrophic environments, where they play crucial roles in nutrient cycling. Of high importance is their mass turnover of dissolved organic matter (DOM), a heterogeneous mixture that constitutes the largest fraction of organic matter in the ocean and is recycled primarily by bacterial mediation. Little is known, however, about the mechanism that enables sponges to incorporate large quantities of DOM in their nutrition, unlike most other invertebrates. Here, we examine the cellular capacity for direct processing of DOM, and the fate of the processed matter, inside a dinoflagellate-hosting bioeroding sponge that is prominent on Indo-Pacific coral reefs. Integrating transmission electron microscopy with nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry, we track 15 N- and 13 C-enriched DOM over time at the in idual cell level of an intact sponge holobiont. We show initial high enrichment in the filter-feeding cells of the sponge, providing visual evidence of their capacity to process DOM through pinocytosis without mediation of resident bacteria. Subsequent enrichment of the endosymbiotic dinoflagellates also suggests sharing of host nitrogenous wastes. Our results shed light on the physiological mechanism behind the ecologically important ability of sponges to cycle DOM via the recently described sponge loop.
Imaging the uptake of nitrogen-fixing bacteria into larvae of the coral Acropora millepora
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-12-2016
Effect of reduced irradiance on 13C uptake, gene expression and protein activity of the seagrass Zostera muelleri
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.MARENVRES.2019.06.004
Abstract: Photosynthesis in the seagrass Zostera muelleri remains poorly understood. We investigated the effect of reduced irradiance on the incorporation of
Symplectite formation in the presence of a reactive fluid: insights from hydrothermal experiments
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-12-2016
DOI: 10.1111/JMG.12231
Changes in subtypes of Ca microdomains following partial injury to the central nervous system
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C3MT00336A
Abstract: Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry demonstrates that subsets of Ca microdomains rapidly decrease after central nervous system injury.
Microfossils of sulphur-metabolizing cells in 3.4-billion-year-old rocks of Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-08-2011
DOI: 10.1038/NGEO1238
High-resolution imaging and quantification of plasma membrane cholesterol by NanoSIMS
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 06-02-2017
Abstract: Biochemical studies have demonstrated that one pool of cholesterol in the plasma membrane is accessible to binding by bacterial cholesterol-binding proteins, whereas another pool is “sequestered” and inaccessible to binding by those proteins. Here, we used nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) imaging, along with cholesterol-binding proteins that had been labeled with a stable isotope, to visualize and quantify the distribution of “accessible cholesterol” on the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. Our studies revealed that accessible cholesterol, as judged by cholesterol-binding proteins, is not evenly distributed on the plasma membrane but instead is enriched on the surface of microvilli. The accessible cholesterol on microvilli could be relevant to the movement of cholesterol away from the plasma membrane.
Early In Vivo Changes in Calcium Ions, Oxidative Stress Markers, and Ion Channel Immunoreactivity Following Partial Injury to the Optic Nerve
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-10-2012
DOI: 10.1002/JNR.22784
Abstract: CNS injury is often localized but can be followed by more widespread secondary degenerative events that usually result in greater functional loss. Using a partial transection model in rat optic nerve (ON). we recently demonstrated in vivo increases in the oxidative stress-associated enzyme MnSOD 5 min after injury. However, mechanisms by which early oxidative stress spreads remain unclear. In the present study, we assessed ion distributions, additional oxidative stress indicators, and ion channel immunoreactivity in ON in the first 24 hr after partial transection. Using nanoscale secondary ion mass spectroscopy (NanoSIMS), we demonstrate changes in the distribution pattern of Ca ions following partial ON transection. Regions of elevated Ca ions in normal ON in vivo rapidly decrease following partial ON transection, but there is an increasingly punctate distribution at 5 min and 24 hr after injury. We also show rapid decreases in catalase activity and later increases in immunoreactivity of the advanced glycation end product carboxymethyl lysine in astrocytes. Increased oxidative stress in astrocytes is accompanied by significantly increased immunoreactivity of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 and aquaporin 4 (AQP4). Taken together, the results indicate that Ca ion changes and oxidative stress are early events following partial ON injury that are associated with changes in GluR1 AMPA receptor subunits and altered ionic balance resulting from increased AQP4.
Contrasting microfossil preservation and lake chemistries within the 1200-1000 Ma Torridonian Supergroup of NW Scotland
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 15-09-2017
DOI: 10.1144/SP448.6
NanoSIMS multi-element imaging reveals internalisation and nucleolar targeting for a highly-charged polynuclear platinum compound
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1039/C3CC42098A
Three dimensional electron microscopy reveals changing axonal and myelin morphology along normal and partially injured optic nerves
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-03-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-22361-2
Abstract: Following injury to the central nervous system, axons and myelin distinct from the initial injury site undergo changes associated with compromised function. Quantifying such changes is important to understanding the pathophysiology of neurotrauma however, most studies to date used 2 dimensional (D) electron microscopy to analyse single sections, thereby failing to capture changes along in idual axons. We used serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF SEM) to undertake 3D reconstruction of axons and myelin, analysing optic nerves from normal uninjured female rats and following partial optic nerve transection. Measures of axon and myelin dimensions were generated by examining 2D images at 5 µm intervals along the 100 µm segments. In both normal and injured animals, changes in axonal diameter, myelin thickness, fiber diameter, G-ratio and percentage myelin decompaction were apparent along the lengths of axons to varying degrees. The range of values for axon diameter along in idual reconstructed axons in 3D was similar to the range from 2D datasets, encompassing reported variation in axonal diameter attributed to retinal ganglion cell ersity. 3D electron microscopy analyses have provided the means to demonstrate substantial variability in ultrastructure along the length of in idual axons and to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of neurotrauma.
NanoSIMS investigation of passive oxide films on high-Cr cast iron
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
Effect of synovial fluid, phosphate‐buffered saline solution, and water on the dissolution and corrosion properties of CoCrMo alloys as used in orthopedic implants
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-05-2005
DOI: 10.1002/JBM.A.30368
Abstract: The corrosion and dissolution of high- and low-carbon CoCrMo alloys, as used in orthopedic joint replacements, were studied by immersing s les in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), water, and synovial fluid at 37 degrees C for up to 35 days. Bulk properties were analyzed with a fine ion beam microscope. Surface analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy showed surprisingly that synovial fluid produced a thin oxide/hydroxide layer. Release of ions into solution from the alloy also followed an unexpected pattern where synovial fluid, of all the s les, had the highest Cr concentration but the lowest Co concentration. The presence of carbide inclusions in the alloy did not affect the corrosion or the dissolution mechanisms, although the carbides were a significant feature on the metal surface. Only one mechanism was recognized as controlling the thickness of the oxide/hydroxide interface. The analysis of the dissolved metal showed two mechanisms at work: (1) a protein film caused ligand-induced dissolution, increasing the Cr concentration in synovial fluid, and was explained by the equilibrium constants (2) corrosion at the interface increased the Co in PBS. The effect of prepassivating the s les (ASTM F-86-01) did not always have the desired effect of reducing dissolution. The release of Cr into PBS increased after prepassivation. The metal-synovial fluid interface did not contain calcium phosphate as a deposit, typically found where s les are exposed to calcium rich bodily fluids.
Sulfur isotope evidence for a Paleoarchean subseafloor biosphere, Barberton, South Africa
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 11-2012
DOI: 10.1130/G33313.1
Using Aiptasia as a Model to Study Metabolic Interactions in Cnidarian-Symbiodinium Symbioses
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 16-03-2018
Intracellular speciation of gold nanorods alters the conformational dynamics of genomic DNA.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-10-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41565-018-0272-2
Abstract: Gold nanorods are one of the most widely explored inorganic materials in nanomedicine for diagnostics, therapeutics and sensing
Timing and mechanism for intratest Mg/Ca variability in a living planktic foraminifer
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Sequestration of Zn into mixed pyrite-zinc sulfide framboids: A key to Zn cycling in the ocean?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Dissecting the Re-Os molybdenite geochronometer
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-11-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-16380-8
Abstract: Rhenium and osmium isotopes have been used for decades to date the formation of molybdenite (MoS 2 ), a common mineral in ore deposits and the world’s main source of molybdenum and rhenium. Understanding the distribution of parent 187 Re and radiogenic daughter 187 Os isotopes in molybdenite is critical in interpreting isotopic measurements because it can compromise the accurate determination and interpretation of mineralization ages. In order to resolve the controls on the distribution of these elements, chemical and isotope mapping of MoS 2 grains from representative porphyry copper-molybdenum deposits were performed using electron microprobe and nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry. Our results show a heterogeneous distribution of 185,187 Re and 192 Os isotopes in MoS 2 , and that both 187 Re and 187 Os isotopes are not decoupled as previously thought. We conclude that Re and Os are structurally bound or present as nanoparticles in or next to molybdenite grains, recording a complex formation history and hindering the use of microbeam techniques for Re-Os molybdenite dating. Our study opens new avenues to explore the effects of isotope nuggeting in geochronometers.
Radionuclide distributions in Olympic Dam copper concentrates: The significance of minor hosts, incorporation mechanisms, and the role of mineral surfaces
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Relationship between microstructures and grain-scale trace element distribution in komatiite-hosted magmatic sulphide ores
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Application of nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry to plant cell research
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2010
Use of NanoSIMS in the search for early life on Earth: ambient inclusion trails in a c . 3400 Ma sandstone
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 2008
Uncovering framboidal pyrite biogenicity using nano-scale CNorg mapping
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1130/G36048.1
NanoSIMS analysis of Archean fossils and biomarkers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2008
Examination of the influence of boron on the microstructure and properties of low C ferritic steels using NanoSIMS and TEM
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2006
Incorporation and subsequent diagenetic alteration of sulfur in Arctica islandica
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Gold remobilisation and formation of high grade ore shoots driven by dissolution-reprecipitation replacement and Ni substitution into auriferous arsenopyrite
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
NanoSIMS analysis of Ca doping at a grain boundary in a superconducting YBCO Ca-123/123 bicrystal
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 06-2006
Oligodendroglia Are Particularly Vulnerable to Oxidative Damage after Neurotrauma In Vivo
Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
Date: 18-06-2018
NanoSIMS μm-scale in situ measurement of 13C/12C in early Precambrian organic matter, with permil precision
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2008
Subcellular tracking reveals the location of dimethylsulfoniopropionate in microalgae and visualises its uptake by marine bacteria
Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
Date: 04-04-2017
DOI: 10.7554/ELIFE.23008
Abstract: Phytoplankton-bacteria interactions drive the surface ocean sulfur cycle and local climatic processes through the production and exchange of a key compound: dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). Despite their large-scale implications, these interactions remain unquantified at the cellular-scale. Here we use secondary-ion mass spectrometry to provide the first visualization of DMSP at sub-cellular levels, tracking the fate of a stable sulfur isotope (34S) from its incorporation by microalgae as inorganic sulfate to its biosynthesis and exudation as DMSP, and finally its uptake and degradation by bacteria. Our results identify for the first time the storage locations of DMSP in microalgae, with high enrichments present in vacuoles, cytoplasm and chloroplasts. In addition, we quantify DMSP incorporation at the single-cell level, with DMSP-degrading bacteria containing seven times more 34S than the control strain. This study provides an unprecedented methodology to label, retain, and image small diffusible molecules, which can be transposable to other symbiotic systems.
In situ spatial distribution mapping of radionuclides in minerals by nanoSIMS
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 19-11-2018
NanoSIMS and EPMA analysis of nickel localisation in leaves of the hyperaccumulator plant Alyssum lesbiacum
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2007
Implantation angle periphery effects on non-alloyed Si-implanted ohmic contacts for AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
Contents
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Date: 2014
Timescales between mantle metasomatism and kimberlite ascent indicated by diffusion profiles in garnet crystals from peridotite xenoliths
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Intracellular amorphous carbonates uncover a new biomineralization process in eukaryotes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-09-2016
DOI: 10.1111/GBI.12213
Abstract: Until now, descriptions of intracellular biomineralization of amorphous inclusions involving alkaline-earth metal (AEM) carbonates other than calcium have been confined exclusively to cyanobacteria (Couradeau et al., 2012). Here, we report the first evidence of the presence of intracellular amorphous granules of AEM carbonates (calcium, strontium, and barium) in unicellular eukaryotes. These inclusions, which we have named micropearls, show concentric and oscillatory zoning on a nanometric scale. They are widespread in certain eukaryote phytoplankters of Lake Geneva (Switzerland) and represent a previously unknown type of non-skeletal biomineralization, revealing an unexpected pathway in the geochemical cycle of AEMs. We have identified Tetraselmis cf. cordiformis (Chlorophyta, Prasinophyceae) as being responsible for the formation of one micropearl type containing strontium ([Ca,Sr]CO
Insights into sulfur cycling at subduction zones from in-situ isotopic analysis of sulfides in high-pressure serpentinites and ‘hybrid’ samples from Alpine Corsica
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
UNCLOAKING INVISIBLE GOLD: USE OF NANOSIMS TO EVALUATE GOLD, TRACE ELEMENTS, AND SULFUR ISOTOPES IN PYRITE FROM CARLIN-TYPE GOLD DEPOSITS
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Date: 11-2009
A new occurrence of ambient inclusion trails from the ~1900-million-year-old Gunflint Formation, Ontario: nanocharacterization and testing of potential formation mechanisms
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-05-2016
DOI: 10.1111/GBI.12186
Abstract: Ambient inclusion trails (AITs) are tubular microstructures thought to form when a microscopic mineral crystal is propelled through a fine-grained rock matrix. Here, we report a new occurrence of AITs from a fossilized microbial mat within the 1878-Ma Gunflint Formation, at Current River, Ontario. The AITs are 1-15 μm in diameter, have pyrite as the propelled crystal, are infilled with chlorite and have been propelled through a microquartz (chert) or chlorite matrix. AITs most commonly originate at the boundary between pyrite- and chlorite-rich laminae and chert-filled fenestrae, with pyrite crystals propelled into the fenestrae. A subset of AITs originate within the fenestrae, rooted either within the chert or within patches of chlorite. Sulphur isotope data ((34) S/(32) S) obtained in situ from AIT pyrite have a δ(34) S of -8.5 to +8.0 ‰, indicating a maximum of ~30 ‰ fractionation from Palaeoproterozoic seawater sulphate (δ(34) S ≈ +20 ‰). Organic carbon is common both at the outer margins of the fenestrae and in patches of chlorite where most AITs originate, and can be found in smaller quantities further along some AITs towards the terminal pyrite grain. We infer that pyrite crystals now found within the AITs formed via the action of heterotrophic sulphate-reducing bacteria during early diagenesis within the microbial mat, as pore waters were becoming depleted in seawater sulphate. Gases derived from this process such as CO2 and H2 S were partially trapped within the microbial mat, helping produce birds-eye fenestrae, while rapid microquartz precipitation closed porosity. We propose that propulsion of the pyrite crystals to form AITs was driven by two complementary mechanisms during burial and low-grade metamorphism: firstly, thermal decomposition of residual organic material providing CO2 , and potentially CH4 , as propulsive gases, plus organic acids to locally dissolve the microquartz matrix and secondly, reactions involving clay minerals that potentially led to enhanced quartz solubility, plus increases in fluid and/or gas pressure during chlorite formation, with chlorite then infilling the AITs. This latter mechanism is novel and represents a possible way to generate AITs in environments lacking organic material.
Pb-Pb ages of feldspathic clasts in two Apollo 14 breccia samples
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
High-resolution sub-cellular imaging by correlative NanoSIMS and electron microscopy of amiodarone internalisation by lung macrophages as evidence for drug-induced phospholipidosis
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1039/C6CC08549K
Abstract: Correlative NanoSIMS and EM imaging of amiodarone-treated macrophages shows the internalisation of the drug at a sub-cellular level.
Competition between plant and bacterial cells at the microscale regulates the dynamics of nitrogen acquisition in wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-07-2013
DOI: 10.1111/NPH.12405
Abstract: The ability of plants to compete effectively for nitrogen (N) resources is critical to plant survival. However, controversy surrounds the importance of organic and inorganic sources of N in plant nutrition because of our poor ability to visualize and understand processes happening at the root–microbial–soil interface. Using high‐resolution nano‐scale secondary ion mass spectrometry stable isotope imaging (Nano SIMS ‐ SII ), we quantified the fate of 15 N over both space and time within the rhizosphere. We pulse‐labelled the soil surrounding wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) roots with either or 15 N‐glutamate and traced the movement of 15 N over 24 h. Imaging revealed that glutamate was rapidly depleted from the rhizosphere and that most 15 N was captured by rhizobacteria, leading to very high 15 N microbial enrichment. After microbial capture, approximately half of the 15 N‐glutamate was rapidly mineralized, leading to the excretion of , which became available for plant capture. Roots proved to be poor competitors for 15 N‐glutamate and took up N mainly as . Spatial mapping of 15 N revealed differential patterns of 15 N uptake within bacteria and the rapid uptake and redistribution of 15 N within roots. In conclusion, we demonstrate the rapid cycling and transformation of N at the soil–root interface and that wheat capture of organic N is low in comparison to inorganic N under the conditions tested.
Relative ion yields for SIMS analysis of trace elements in metallic Fe, Fe-Si alloy, and FeSi
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2001
Evidence for microbial life in synsedimentary cavities from 2.75 Ga terrestrial environments
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 05-2009
DOI: 10.1130/G25300A.1
Scanning Ion Probe Studies of Silicon Implantation Profiles in AlGaN/GaN HEMT Heterostructures
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-11-2008
Composition changes around sulphide inclusions in stainless steels, and implications for the initiation of pitting corrosion
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2010
Detection of Trace Elements/Isotopes in Olympic Dam Copper Concentrates by nanoSIMS
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-05-2019
DOI: 10.3390/MIN9060336
Abstract: Many analytical techniques for trace element analysis are available to the geochemist and geometallurgist to understand and, ideally, quantify the distribution of trace and minor components in a mineral deposit. Bulk trace element data are useful, but do not provide information regarding specific host minerals—or lack thereof, in cases of surface adherence or fracture fill—for each element. The CAMECA nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometer (nanoSIMS) 50 and 50L instruments feature ultra-low minimum detection limits (to parts-per-billion) and sub-micron spatial resolution, a combination not found in any other analytical platform. Using ore and copper concentrate s les from the Olympic Dam mining-processing operation, South Australia, we demonstrate the application of nanoSIMS to understand the mineralogical distribution of potential by-product and detrimental elements. Results show previously undetected mineral host assemblages and elemental associations, providing geochemists with insight into mineral formation and elemental remobilization—and metallurgists with critical information necessary for optimizing ore processing techniques. Gold and Te may be seen associated with brannerite, and Ag prefers chalcocite over bornite. Rare earth elements may be found in trace quantities in fluorapatite and fluorite, which may report to final concentrates as entrained liberated or gangue-sulfide composite particles. Selenium, As, and Te reside in sulfides, commonly in association with Pb, Bi, Ag, and Au. Radionuclide daughters of the 238U decay chain may be located using nanoSIMS, providing critical information on these trace components that is unavailable using other microanalytical techniques. These radionuclides are observed in many minerals but seem particularly enriched in uranium minerals, some phosphates and sulfates, and within high surface area minerals. The nanoSIMS has proven a valuable tool in determining the spatial distribution of trace elements and isotopes in fine-grained copper ore, providing researchers with crucial evidence needed to answer questions of ore formation, ore alteration, and ore processing.
Enabling dual cellular destinations of polymeric nanoparticles for treatment following partial injury to the central nervous system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOMATERIALS.2015.10.001
Abstract: Following neurotrauma, oxidative stress is spread via the astrocytic syncytium and is associated with increased aquaporin 4 (AQP4), inflammatory cell infiltration, loss of neurons and glia and functional deficits. Herein we evaluate multimodal polymeric nanoparticles functionalized with an antibody to an extracellular epitope of AQP4, for targeted delivery of an anti-oxidant as a therapeutic strategy following partial optic nerve transection. Using fluorescence microscopy, spectrophotometry, correlative nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) and transmission electron microscopy, in vitro and in vivo, we demonstrate that functionalized nanoparticles are coated with serum proteins such as albumin and enter both macrophages and astrocytes when administered to the site of a partial optic nerve transection in rat. Antibody functionalized nanoparticles synthesized to deliver the antioxidant resveratrol are effective in reducing oxidative damage to DNA, AQP4 immunoreactivity and preserving visual function. Non-functionalized nanoparticles evade macrophages more effectively and are found more diffusely, including in astrocytes, however they do not preserve the optic nerve from oxidative damage or functional loss following injury. Our study highlights the need to comprehensively investigate nanoparticle location, interactions and effects, both in vitro and in vivo, in order to fully understand functional outcomes.
Geochemistry and nano-structure of a putative ~3240 million-year-old black smoker biota, Sulphur Springs Group, Western Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
Zinc and cadmium mapping by NanoSIMS within the root apex after short-term exposure to metal contamination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2019.01.021
Abstract: Zinc as a micronutrient and cadmium as a nonessential toxic element share similar pathways for entering plant tissues and thus may be antagonistic. In nutrient solution culture, 17-day-old radish (Raphanus sativus L) plants were exposed to short-term (24 h) equimolar metal contamination (2.2 µM of each
Nanoscale analysis of pyritized microfossils reveals differential heterotrophic consumption in the similar to 1.9-Ga Gunflint chert
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 29-04-2013
Abstract: The 1.88-Ga Gunflint biota is one of the most famous Precambrian microfossil lagerstätten and provides a key record of the biosphere at a time of changing oceanic redox structure and chemistry. Here, we report on pyritized replicas of the iconic autotrophic Gunflintia–Huroniospora microfossil assemblage from the Schreiber Locality, Canada, that help capture a view through multiple trophic levels in a Paleoproterozoic ecosystem. Nanoscale analysis of pyritic Gunflintia (sheaths) and Huroniospora (cysts) reveals differing relic carbon and nitrogen distributions caused by contrasting spectra of decay and pyritization between taxa, reflecting in part their primary organic compositions. In situ sulfur isotope measurements from in idual microfossils (δ 34 S V-CDT +6.7‰ to +21.5‰) show that pyritization was mediated by sulfate-reducing microbes within sediment pore waters whose sulfate ion concentrations rapidly became depleted, owing to occlusion of pore space by coeval silicification. Three-dimensional nanotomography reveals additional pyritized biomaterial, including hollow, cellular epibionts and extracellular polymeric substances, showing a preference for attachment to Gunflintia over Huroniospora and interpreted as components of a saprophytic heterotrophic, decomposing community. This work also extends the record of remarkable biological preservation in pyrite back to the Paleoproterozoic and provides criteria to assess the authenticity of even older pyritized microstructures that may represent some of the earliest evidence for life on our planet.
Towards a unifying mechanistic model for silicate glass corrosion
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-09-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41529-018-0048-Z
Abstract: Borosilicate glasses are currently used for the immobilization of highly radioactive waste and are materials of choice for many biomedical and research industries. They are metastable materials that corrode in aqueous solutions, reflected by the formation of silica-rich surface alteration layers (SAL). Until now, there is no consensus in the scientific community about the reaction and transport mechanism(s) and the rate-limiting steps involved in the formation of SALs. Here we report the results of multi-isotope tracer ( 2 H, 18 O, 10 B, 30 Si, 44 Ca) corrosion experiments that were performed with precorroded and pristine glass monoliths prepared from the six-component international simple glass and a quaternary aluminum borosilicate glass. Results of transmission electron microscopy and nanoscale analyses by secondary ion mass spectrometry reveal a nanometer-sharp interface between the SAL and the glass, where decoupling of isotope tracer occurs, while proton diffusion and ion exchange can be observed within the glass. We propose a unifying mechanistic model that accounts for all critical observations so far made on naturally and experimentally corroded glasses. It is based on an interface-coupled glass dissolution-silica precipitation reaction as the main SAL forming process. However, a diffusion-controlled ion exchange front may evolve in the glass ahead of the dissolution front if SAL formation at the reaction interface significantly slows down due to transport limitations.
Visualising gold inside tumour cells following treatment with an antitumour gold(I)complex
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1039/C1MT00053E
Abstract: Gold(I) phosphine complexes, such as [Au(d2pype)(2)]Cl, (1, where d2pype is 1,2-bis(di-2-pyridyl phosphinoethane)), belong to a class of promising chemotherapeutic candidates that have been shown to be selectively toxic to tumourigenic cells, and may act via uptake into tumour cell mitochondria. For a more holistic understanding of their mechanism of action, a deeper knowledge of their subcellular distribution is required, but to date this has been limited by a lack of suitable imaging techniques. In this study the subcellular distribution of gold was visualised in situ in human breast cancer cells treated with 1, using nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry. NanoSIMS ion maps of (12)C(14)N(-), (31)P(-), (34)S(-) and (197)Au(-) allowed, for the first time, visualisation of cellular morphology simultaneously with subcellular distribution of gold. Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) element maps for gold were also obtained, allowing for observation of nuclear and mitochondrial morphology with excellent spatial resolution, and gold element maps comparable to the data obtained with NanoSIMS. Following 2 h treatment with 1, the subcellular distribution of gold was associated with sulfur-rich regions in the nucleus and cytoplasm, supporting the growing evidence for the the mechanism of action of Au(I) compounds based on inhibition of thiol-containing protein families, such as the thioredoxin system. The combination of NanoSIMS and EFTEM has broader applicability for studying the subcellular distribution of other types of metal-based drugs.
Advances in the Analysis of Biogeochemical Interfaces
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2013
Specimen preparation for NanoSIMS analysis of biological materials
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2006
Microbialite taphonomy and biogenicity: new insights from NanoSIMS
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-11-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1472-4669.2010.00251.X
Abstract: We here show that nano-scale mapping of elements commonly utilized in biological cycles provides a promising new additional line of evidence when evaluating the extent of the contribution of biology to microbialites. Our case study comes from Lake Clifton in Western Australia, a unique environment where living domical and conical microbialites occur in close proximity to ≤ 4000-year-old fossilized equivalents. The outer margins of a partially lithified, actively growing Lake Clifton microbialite are characterized by abundant filamentous cyanobacteria within a loosely cemented aragonite matrix. Nano-scale chemical maps have been successfully matched to specific morphological features such as trichomes, sheaths and putative extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). A suite of elements (C, O, Mg, N, Si, S) is concentrated within cyanobacterial sheaths, with carbon, magnesium, nitrogen and sulfur also enriched within trichomes and putative EPS. Calcium distribution highlights the sites of aragonite mineralization. In contrast, the fossilized Lake Clifton microbialite contains only rare, extensively degraded cyanobacterial filaments, the mean diameter of which is <50% of the living equivalents. Nevertheless, nano-scale chemical maps can again be matched with morphological features. Here, poorly preserved filamentous microfossils are highlighted by enrichments in nitrogen and sulfur. Magnesium is no longer concentrated within the filaments, instead it co-occurs with calcium and oxygen in the calcite cement. Extension of this study to a ~2720-million-year-old stromatolitic microbialite from the Tumbiana Formation of Western Australia shows that similar nano-scale signals, in particular nitrogen and sulfur enrichments, are characteristic of stromatolite laminations, even when morphological microfossils are absent. The close similarities of nano-scale elemental distributions in organic material from modern and ancient microbialites show that this technique provides a valuable addition to the morphological investigation of such structures, particularly in non-fossiliferous ancient ex les.
Pumice from the ∼3460Ma Apex Basalt, Western Australia: A natural laboratory for the early biosphere
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Earliest microbially mediated pyrite oxidation in ~3.4 billion-year-old sediments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
Zinc and Cadmium Mapping in the Apical Shoot and Hypocotyl Tissues of Radish by High-Resolution Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (NanoSIMS) after Short-Term Exposure to Metal Contamination
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-01-2019
Abstract: Zinc (as an essential phytonutrient) and cadmium (as a toxic but readily bioavailable nonessential metal for plants) share similar routes for crossing plant biomembranes, although with a substantially different potential for translocation into above-ground tissues. The in situ distribution of these metals in plant cells and tissues (particularly intensively- iding and fast-growing areas) is poorly understood. In this study, 17-day-old radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plants grown in nutrient solution were subjected to short-term (24 h) equimolar contamination (2.2 µM of each 70Zn and Cd) to investigate their accumulation and distribution in the shoot apex (leaf primordia) and edible fleshy hypocotyl tissues. After 24-h exposure, radish hypocotyl had similar concentration (in µg/g dry weight) of 70Zn (12.1 ± 1.1) and total Cd (12.9 ± 0.8), with relatively limited translocation of both metals to shoots (concentrations lower by 2.5-fold for 70Zn and 4.8-fold for Cd) as determined by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The in situ Zn/Cd distribution maps created by high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS, Cameca, Gennevilliers, France) imaging corresponded well with the ICP-MS data, confirming a similar pattern and uniform distribution of 70Zn and Cd across the examined areas. Both applied techniques can be powerful tools for quantification (ICP-MS) and localisation and visualisation (NanoSIMS) of some ultra-trace isotopes in the intensively- iding cells and fast-growing tissues of non-metalophytes even after short-term metal exposure. The results emphasise the importance of the quality of (agro)ecosystem resources (growing media, metal-contaminated soils/waters) in the public health risk, given that, even under low contamination and short-term exposure, some of the most toxic metallic ions (e.g., Cd) can relatively rapidly enter the human food chain.
Elemental and isotopic imaging of biological samples using NanoSIMS
Publisher: Humana Press
Date: 02-12-2014
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-776-1_33
Abstract: With its low detection limits and the ability to analyze most of the elements in the periodic table, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) represents one of the most versatile in situ analytical techniques available, and recent developments have resulted in significant advantages for the use of imaging mass spectrometry in biological and biomedical research. Increases in spatial resolution and sensitivity allow detailed interrogation of s les at relevant scales and chemical concentrations. Advances in dynamic SIMS, specifically with the advent of NanoSIMS, now allow the tracking of stable isotopes within biological systems at subcellular length scales, while static SIMS combines subcellular imaging with molecular identification. In this chapter, we present an introduction to the SIMS technique, with particular reference to NanoSIMS, and discuss its application in biological and biomedical research.
Unravelling the formation histories of placer gold and platinum-group mineral particles from Corrego Bom Successo, Brazil: A window into noble metal cycling
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
A Fundamental Study of Boron Deposition and Poisoning of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3Cathode of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells under Accelerated Conditions
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1149/2.0141512JES
Intermobility of barium, strontium, and lead in chloride and sulfate leach solutions
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-09-2019
STROMATOLITES: Interaction of Microbes with Sediments
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2011
The mechanism of borosilicate glass corrosion revisited
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
Light microenvironment and single-cell gradients of carbon fixation in tissues of symbiont-bearing corals
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-08-2015
Core formation and the oxidation state of the Earth: Additional constraints from Nb, V and Cr partitioning
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2008
Nutrient cycling in early coral life stages: Pocillopora damicornis larvae provide their algal symbiont (Symbiodinium) with nitrogen acquired from bacterial associates
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-06-2013
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.642
Related Organisations
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Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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