Philip Morgan

Volumes and bouts of sedentary behavior and physical activity: Associations with cardiometabolic health in obese children

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-2014

DOI: 10.1002/OBY.20698

Abstract: To examine associations of volumes and bouts of sedentary behavior (SED) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with in idual and clustered cardio-metabolic outcomes in overweight/obese children. Cross-sectional data from 120 overweight/obese children (8.3 ± 1.1 years, 62% girls, 74% obese) with SED and MVPA assessed using accelerometry. Children were categorized into quartiles of mean bouts per day of SED (10, 20, and 30 min) and MVPA (5, 10, and 15 min). Associations with triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, glucose, insulin, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, and clustered cardio-metabolic risk (cMet) were examined using linear regression, adjusted for confounders. Independent of MVPA, SED volume was inversely associated with HDL cholesterol (β [95% CI] = -0.29 [-0.52, -0.05]). MVPA volume was inversely associated with diastolic blood pressure, independent of SED (β = -0.22 [-0.44, -0.001]), and cMet (β = -0.19 [-0.36, -0.01]) although not after adjustment for SED (β = -0.14 [-0.33, 0.06]). Independent of MVPA and SED volumes, participants in the highest quartile of 30 min bouts per day of SED had 12% lower HDL cholesterol than those in the lowest quartile (d = 0.53, P = 0.046, Ptrend = 0.11). In addition to increasing MVPA, targeting reduced SED and limiting bouts of SED to <30 min may contribute to improved HDL cholesterol levels and cardio-metabolic health in overweight/obese children.

Relativistic effects in Ni II and the search for variation of the fine-structure constant

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 19-03-2001

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVA.63.042509

A weight management programme for fathers of children aged 4–11 years: cultural adaptation and the Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids UK feasibility RCT

Publisher: National Institute for Health and Care Research

Date: 02-2020

DOI: 10.3310/PHR08020

Abstract: More men than women in the UK are living with overweight or obesity, but men are less likely to engage with weight loss programmes. Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids is an effective Australian weight management programme that targets fathers, who participate with their primary school-aged children. Behavioural interventions do not always transfer between contexts, so an adaptation of the Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids programme to an ethnically erse UK setting was trialled. To adapt and test the Australian Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids programme for delivery to men in an ethnically erse, socioeconomically disadvantaged UK setting. Phase 1a studied the cultural adaptation of the Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids programme and was informed by qualitative data from fathers and other family members, and a theoretical framework. Phase 1b was an uncontrolled feasibility trial. Phase 2 was a randomised controlled feasibility trial. Two ethnically erse, socioeconomically disadvantaged UK cities. In phase 1a, participants were parents and family members from black and minority ethnic groups and/or socioeconomically deprived localities. In phases 1b and 2, participants were fathers with overweight or obesity and their children aged 4–11 years. The adapted Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids intervention comprised nine sessions that targeted diet and physical activity and incorporated joint father–child physical activity. Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids was delivered in two programmes in phase 1b and four programmes in phase 2. Those in the comparator arm in phase 2 received a family voucher to attend a local sports centre. The following outcomes were measured: recruitment to the trial, retention, intervention fidelity, attendance, feasibility of trial processes and collection of outcome data. Forty-three fathers participated (intervention group, n = 29) in phase 2 (48% of recruitment target), despite multiple recruitment locations. Fathers’ mean body mass index was 30.2 kg/m 2 (standard deviation 5.1 kg/m 2 ) 60.2% were from a minority ethnic group, with a high proportion from disadvantaged localities. Twenty-seven (63%) fathers completed follow-up at 3 months. Identifying sites for delivery at a time that was convenient for the families, with appropriately skilled programme facilitators, proved challenging. Four programmes were delivered in leisure centres and community venues. Of the participants who attended the intervention at least once ( n = 20), 75% completed the programme (attended five or more sessions). Feedback from participants rated the sessions as ‘good’ or ‘very good’ and participants reported behavioural change. Researcher observations of intervention delivery showed that the sessions were delivered with high fidelity. The intervention was well delivered and received, but there were significant challenges in recruiting overweight men, and follow-up rates at 3 and 6 months were low. We do not recommend progression to a definitive trial as it was not feasible to deliver the Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids programme to fathers living with overweight and obesity in ethnically erse, socioeconomically deprived communities in the UK. More work is needed to explore the optimal ways to engage fathers from ethnically erse socioeconomically deprived populations in research. Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN16724454. This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research Vol. 8, No. 2. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

A school-based intervention incorporating smartphone technology to improve health-related fitness among adolescents: rationale and study protocol for the NEAT and ATLAS 2.0 cluster randomised controll

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 06-2016

DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2015-010448

Development and Implementation of a Smartphone Application to Promote Physical Activity and Reduce Screen-Time in Adolescent Boys

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 20-05-2014

DOI: 10.3389/FPUBH.2014.00042

The PULSE (Prevention Using LifeStyle Education) trial protocol: A randomised controlled trial of a Type 2 Diabetes Prevention programme for men

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.CCT.2014.07.008

Abstract: Intensive lifestyle interventions have been successful in reducing type 2 diabetes incidence. Whether intensive programmes requiring face-to-face contact, trained staff and access to facilities are feasible, on a larger scale, has been debated. The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility and efficacy of a lifestyle intervention for type 2 diabetes prevention in men using an assessor-blinded, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. The 'Type 2 Diabetes PULSE (Prevention Using LifeStyle Education) Programme for Men' is a 6-month, self-administered, gender-tailored lifestyle intervention, with a multicomponent approach (weight loss, dietary modification, aerobic exercise and resistance training). Eligible men were aged 18-65 years, overweight/obese (BMI 25-40 kg·m(-2)) and at high-risk for type 2 diabetes (score ≥ 12, Australian diabetes risk tool). Men with diagnosed prediabetes were eligible, but those with type 1 and 2 diabetes were ineligible. Randomisation was stratified by age (<50 or ≥ 50 years) and BMI category (kg·m(-2): 25-29.9 30-34.9 35-40) to the intervention or wait-list control group. Data are collected at study entry (baseline), 3 and 6 months. The primary outcome is weight change at 6 months. Secondary outcomes include: fasting plasma glucose, HbA1C, waist circumference, body composition, blood pressure, diet quality, aerobic fitness, muscular fitness and physical activity. Generalised linear mixed models (intention-to-treat) will assess outcomes for treatment (intervention vs. control), time (baseline, 3 and 6-months) and the treatment-by-time interaction. The results will determine the efficacy of a type 2 diabetes prevention programme for men with potential for wide reach and dissemination. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12612000721808).

Physical Activity and Skills Intervention

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 04-2015

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000452

Smart-Phone Obesity Prevention Trial for Adolescent Boys in Low-Income Communities: The ATLAS RCT

Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)

Date: 09-2014

DOI: 10.1542/PEDS.2014-1012

Abstract: The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Active Teen Leaders Avoiding Screen-time (ATLAS) intervention for adolescent boys, an obesity prevention intervention using smartphone technology. ATLAS was a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in 14 secondary schools in low-income communities in New South Wales, Australia. Participants were 361 adolescent boys (aged 12–14 years) considered at risk of obesity. The 20-week intervention was guided by self-determination theory and social cognitive theory and involved: teacher professional development, provision of fitness equipment to schools, face-to-face physical activity sessions, lunchtime student mentoring sessions, researcher-led seminars, a smartphone application and Web site, and parental strategies for reducing screen-time. Outcome measures included BMI and waist circumference, percent body fat, physical activity (accelerometers), screen-time, sugar-sweetened beverage intake, muscular fitness, and resistance training skill competency. Overall, there were no significant intervention effects for BMI, waist circumference, percent body fat, or physical activity. Significant intervention effects were found for screen-time (mean ± SE: –30 ± 10.08 min/d P = .03), sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (mean: –0.6 ± 0.26 glass/d P = .01), muscular fitness (mean: 0.9 ± 0.49 repetition P = .04), and resistance training skills (mean: 5.7 ± 0.67 units P & .001). This school-based intervention targeting low-income adolescent boys did not result in significant effects on body composition, perhaps due to an insufficient activity dose. However, the intervention was successful in improving muscular fitness, movement skills, and key weight-related behaviors.

Impact of a male‐only weight loss maintenance programme on social–cognitive determinants of physical activity and healthy eating: A randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 16-03-2015

DOI: 10.1111/BJHP.12137

Abstract: To examine the effect of a gender-tailored, Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)-based weight loss maintenance (WLM) intervention on men's physical activity and healthy eating cognitions and behaviours in the 12 months after completing a weight loss programme. A two-phase, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Ninety-two overweight/obese men (mean [SD] age: 49.2 years [10.1], BMI: 30.7 [3.3] kg/m(2) ) who lost at least 4 kg after completing the 3-month SCT-based SHED-IT Weight Loss Program were randomly allocated to receive (1) the SCT-based SHED-IT WLM Program or (2) no additional resources (self-help control group). The 6-month gender-tailored SHED-IT WLM Program was completely self-administered and operationalized SCT behaviour change principles to assist men to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and decrease energy-dense, nutrient-poor (discretionary) food consumption after initial weight loss. After randomization (WLM baseline), men were reassessed at 6 months (WLM post-test) and 12 months (6-month WLM follow-up). SCT cognitions (e.g., self-efficacy, goal setting), MVPA, and discretionary food consumption were assessed with validated measures. Following significant improvements in cognitions, MVPA and discretionary food consumption during the weight loss phase, intention-to-treat, linear mixed models revealed no significant group-by-time differences in cognitions or behaviours during the WLM phase. Initial improvements in MVPA and some cognitions (e.g., goal setting, planning, and social support) were largely maintained by both groups at the end of the study. Dietary effects were not as strongly maintained, with the intervention and control groups maintaining 57% and 75% of the Phase I improvements in discretionary food intake, respectively. An additional SCT-based WLM programme did not elicit further improvements over a self-help control in the cognitions or behaviours for MVPA or discretionary food intake of men who had lost weight with a SCT-based weight loss programme. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject?Weight regain after weight loss (WL) is common. As successful weight loss maintenance (WLM) requires sustained improvements in cognitions and behaviours, health psychology can contribute to intervention development. However, little research has examined the utility of psychological theory in the context of a WLM randomised controlled trial. What does this study add? A theory-based WL program improved men's physical activity and dietary behaviours and cognitions. Men who also received a theory-based WLM program did not show further improvements in physical activity or dietary cognitions and behaviours compared to those that did not.

Weight expectations, motivations for weight change and perceived factors influencing weight management in young Australian women: a cross-sectional study

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 06-05-2015

DOI: 10.1017/S1368980015000993

Abstract: To examine young Australian women’s weight expectations, motivations for weight change and perceived factors influencing weight management, and to determine if these factors differ by age, BMI, marital status, education or income. Cross-sectional study. An online survey captured respondents’ weight, height, ideal weight, main reasons for wanting to change their weight and challenges to managing their weight. Online survey in Australia. Six hundred and twenty women aged 18–30 years currently living in Australia who completed the survey between 31 July and 30 September 2012. Approximately half of participants (53·1 %) were a healthy weight, 25·2 % overweight and 19·0 % obese. Women unhappy at their current weight (78·1 %) reported a median ideal weight −12·3 % less than their current weight. The key motivators for weight change were to improve health (24·4 %, ranked 1), feel better in oneself (22·3 %) and improve self-confidence (21·5 %). Lack of motivation, time constraints because of job commitments and cost were the most commonly reported factors influencing weight management. Age, BMI, marital status, education and income were found to influence weight expectations, motivations for weight change and/or factors perceived to influence weight management. The findings suggest potential implications for weight management interventions and public health messaging targeting young women, to improve long-term health outcomes. Strategies that promote the health benefits of physical activity and healthy eating, feeling better about oneself and improved self-confidence, and address the main factors influencing weight management including lack of motivation, time constraints and cost, may be used to engage this target group.

Physical education in primary schools: Classroom teachers' perceptions of benefits and outcomes

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 09-2008

DOI: 10.1177/0017896908094637

Abstract: Objective The aim of the current study was to examine the perceptions of classroom teachers regarding the benefits and outcomes of their PE programs. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Thirty eight randomly selected primary schools in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Method A mixed-mode methodology was utilized, incorporating semi-structured interviews of 31 classroom teachers and questionnaire responses of 189 teachers from 38 randomly selected schools in NSW. Results Results indicated teachers believed PE: (1) provides children with opportunities to improve fitness and be active to counter societal trends towards obesity and increased sedentary behaviours (2) impacts positively on learning and behaviour in the classroom (3) helps children to improve social skills and allows some children an opportunity to experience success in a unique learning environment. The teachers in the current study believed their programmes were only somewhat successful in achieving outcomes relating to physical activity, self-esteem, motor skills and fitness. Conclusion Teachers believed PE was beneficial as a vehicle for physical activity and positively impacted on learning and behaviour in the classroom. However, the reasons provided for including PE in their daily programmes were reflected in the delivery of programmes of little educational value.

Cultural adaptation of ‘Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids’ for Hispanic families: applying the ecological validity model

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 21-04-2020

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-020-00949-0

Abstract: Healthy Dads Healthy Kids (HDHK) is a unique lifestyle obesity intervention for fathers and children that demonstrated weight loss among the fathers and behavior change among fathers and children in Australia. The program is gender-tailored to specifically target fathers for weight loss and 5–12 year old children for obesity prevention. The aim of this formative study was to examine an Expert Panel’s and Hispanic Family Panel’s perceptions about the program and suggestions for the cultural adaptation of HDHK for Hispanic families in southwestern US. Forty-four Hispanic participants (22 fathers, 13 mothers and 9 children) made up the Family Panel. They participated in 1–5 study contacts (focus groups, online survey, and/or interviews). The scripts and qualitative guides assessed participants’ perceptions of the HDHK content and material using the Ecological Validity Model. Studies were conducted in English or Spanish, depending on the preference of the participant. Focus groups and interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated, and thematically coded. Findings were reviewed with the Expert Panel who helped inform the cultural adaptation. 80% of parents were foreign-born, 57% spoke only Spanish at home, and 60% did not graduate from high school. Several themes emerged to inform the cultural adaptation of the program. Parents agreed with the HDHK goals and recommended the program place greater emphasis on parenting and limiting children’s screen time. Some mothers and fathers wanted greater mother engagement. Weekly videos and a Facebook group emerged as favorite alternative options to engage mothers. Greater promotion of familism (inclusion and impact on whole family) was recommended for the program goals and activities. Gender roles for mothers and fathers, and differences in how fathers interact with male and female children, emerged and should be considered in program activities. Several barriers to father engagement surfaced, including lack of time due to work schedules, physically demanding jobs, concerns of caring for children without mother, fathers’ current fitness/weight, and lack of knowledge of how to eat more healthfully. The reading level of the HDHK materials was too high for some parents. Findings from these formative qualitative studies informed the cultural adaptation of HDHK for Hispanic families, to account for literacy level, cultural values, and barriers to participation and engagement.

Evaluating the impact of a coach development intervention for improving coaching practices in junior football (soccer): The “MASTER” pilot study

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 25-05-2020

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1621002

Abstract: The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of a novel coach development intervention (MASTER) on coaching practices of football coaches. The study involved six coaches (of 10-12 year old) from one representative football club (Australia February-July 2017). The 15-week multi-component intervention included a face-to-face workshop, ongoing mentoring, modelled training sessions, peer assessments and group discussions. MASTER is underpinned by positive coaching and game-based coaching practices and aimed to educate coaches on how to implement and operationalise a number of evidence-based coaching elements. At each of baseline and immediate post-intervention coaches were filmed three times and evaluated using a modified version of the Coach Analysis Intervention System. Using linear mixed model analysis, significant changes were observed for time spent performing playing-form activities [+15.4% (95% CI 6.01-24.79)(t(15) = 3.5, P = 0.003], with significant changes in the type of interventions undertaken and the nature of feedback given to athletes. Program feasibility was examined using measures of recruitment, retention, adherence and satisfaction. Results indicate program feasibility and high coach evaluation ratings. MASTER demonstrated effectiveness for improving coaching practices of football coaches during training sessions. Further large-scale trials will build evidence for the utility of MASTER for guiding coaching practices in football and other sporting codes.

Improvement in erectile function following weight loss in obese men: The SHED-IT randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.ORCP.2013.07.004

Workday Sitting Time and Marital Status: Novel Pretreatment Predictors of Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Men

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 20-06-2016

DOI: 10.1177/1557988316654866

Abstract: The evidence base for weight loss programs in men is limited. Gaining a greater understanding of which personal characteristics and pretreatment behaviors predict weight loss and attrition in male-only studies would be useful to inform the development of future interventions for men. In December 2010, 159 overweight/obese men (mean age = 47.5 years body mass index = 32.7 kg/m 2 ) from the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia, participated in a randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of two versions of a 3-month gender-targeted weight loss program. In the current analyses, social–cognitive, behavioral, and demographic pretreatment characteristics were examined to determine if they predicted weight loss and attrition in the participants over 6 months. Generalized linear mixed models (intention-to-treat) revealed weight change was associated with education level ( p = .02), marital status ( p = .03), fat mass ( p = .045), sitting time on nonwork ( p = .046), and workdays ( p = .03). Workday sitting time and marital status accounted for 6.5% ( p = .01) of the variance in the final model. Attrition was associated with level of education ( p = .01) and body fat percentage ( p = .01), accounting for 9.5% ( p = .002) of the variance in the final model. This study suggests men who spend a lot of time sitting at work, especially those who are not married, may require additional support to experience success in self-administered weight loss programs targeting males. Additional high-quality evidence is needed to improve the understanding which pretreatment behaviors and characteristics predict weight loss and attrition in men.

A school-based intervention to promote physical activity among adolescent girls: Rationale, design, and baseline data from the Girls in Sport group randomised controlled trial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 19-08-2011

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-658

Mediators of change in screen-time in a school-based intervention for adolescent boys: findings from the ATLAS cluster randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 14-11-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S10865-016-9810-2

Abstract: The mechanisms of behavior change in youth screen-time interventions are poorly understood. Participants were 361 adolescent boys (12-14 years) participating in the ATLAS obesity prevention trial, evaluated in 14 schools in low-income areas of New South Wales, Australia. Recreational screen-time was assessed at baseline, 8- and 18-months, whereas potential mediators (i.e., motivation to limit screen-time and parental rules) were assessed at baseline, 4- and 18-months. Multi-level mediation analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle and were conducted using a product-of-coefficients test. The intervention had a significant impact on screen-time at both time-points, and on autonomous motivation at 18-months. Changes in autonomous motivation partially mediated the effect on screen-time at 18-months in single and multi-mediator models [AB (95% CI) = -5.49 (-12.13, -.70)]. Enhancing autonomous motivation may be effective for limiting screen-time among adolescent males. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry No: ACTRN12612000978864.

Findings From the EASY Minds Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial: Evaluation of a Physical Activity Integration Program for Mathematics in Primary Schools

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 02-2016

DOI: 10.1123/JPAH.2015-0046

Abstract: To evaluate the impact of a primary school-based physical activity (PA) integration program delivered by teachers on objectively measured PA and key educational outcomes. Ten classes from 8 Australian public schools were randomly allocated to treatment conditions. Teachers from the intervention group were taught to embed movement-based learning in their students’ (n = 142) daily mathematics program in 3 lessons per week for 6 weeks. The control group (n = 98) continued its regular mathematics program. The primary outcome was accelerometer-determined PA across the school day. Linear mixed models were used to analyze treatment effects. Significant intervention effects were found for PA across the school day (adjusted mean difference 103 counts per minute [CPM], 95% confidence interval [CI], 36.5–169.7, P = .008). Intervention effects were also found for PA (168 CPM, 95% CI, 90.1–247.4, P = .008) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (2.6%, 95% CI, 0.9–4.4, P = .009) in mathematics lessons, sedentary time across the school day (–3.5%, 95% CI, –7.0 to –0.13, P = .044) and during mathematics (–8.2%, CI, –13.0 to –2.0, P = .010) and on-task behavior (13.8%, 95% CI, 4.0–23.6, P = .011)—but not for mathematics performance or attitude. Integrating movement across the primary mathematics syllabus is feasible and efficacious.

Implementing Resistance Training in Secondary Schools

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001410

Pilot intervention in an economically disadvantaged community: The back‐to‐basics after‐school healthy lifestyle program

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 29-01-2013

DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12023

Correlates of objectively measured physical activity in obese children

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-2008

DOI: 10.1038/OBY.2008.463

Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify potential correlates of objectively measured physical activity in a s le of obese children. A cross-sectional design was used to assess 137 5-9-year-old obese children (mean +/- s.d. age = 8.3 +/- 1.1 years mean BMI z-score = 2.76 +/- 0.70 58% girls) from two regional cities in New South Wales, Australia, before commencement in a treatment trial. Correlates examined included age, BMI z, parental BMI, perceived competence, health-related quality of life, daily minutes spent in small screen recreation (SSR), and fundamental motor skill (FMS) proficiency. Physical activity was assessed using accelerometers and values were calculated for % of monitored time spent in moderate- (MPA) and vigorous (VPA)-intensity physical activity and mean counts per minute (CPM). Analyses were conducted separately for boys and girls. Motor skill proficiency was significantly correlated with a number of physical activity variables for boys and girls. For boys, regression analysis revealed object-control proficiency predicted CPM (R(2) = 0.25) and age was a predictor of %MPA (R(2) = 0.56). Age and object-control skill proficiency were salient predictors of %VPA (R(2) = 0.34). For girls, age and daily minutes of SSR were the only significant predictors for CPM (R(2) = 0.13). Age was the sole predictor of %MPA (R(2) = 0.38) and %VPA (R(2) = 0.15). The targeting of FMSs at an early age should be tested in experimental studies as potential strategies to increase physical activity among obese children, particularly for boys. Interventions aimed at reducing sedentary behaviors among obese girls should also be considered.

Longitudinal associations between changes in screen-time and mental health outcomes in adolescents

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.MHPA.2017.04.001

Behavioural factors related with successful weight loss 15 months post-enrolment in a commercial web-based weight-loss programme

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 29-11-2011

DOI: 10.1017/S1368980011003090

Abstract: As further understanding is required of what behavioural factors are associated with long-term weight-loss success, the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of successful weight loss 15 months post-enrolment in a commercial web-based weight-loss programme and which behavioural factors were associated with success. An online survey was completed 15 months post-enrolment in a commercial web-based weight-loss programme to assess weight-related behaviours and current weight. Participants were classified as successful if they had lost ≥5 % of their starting weight after 15 months. Commercial users of a web-based weight-loss programme. Participants enrolled in the commercial programme between August 2007 and May 2008. Six hundred and seventy-seven participants completed the survey. The median (interquartile range) weight change was −2·7 (−8·2, 1·6) % of enrolment weight, with 37 % achieving ≥5 % weight loss. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found success was associated with frequency of weight self-monitoring, higher dietary restraint score, lower emotional eating score, not skipping meals, not keeping snack foods in the house and eating takeaway foods less frequently. The findings suggest that in iduals trying to achieve or maintain ≥5 % weight loss should be advised to regularly weigh themselves, avoid skipping meals or keeping snack foods in the house, limit the frequency of takeaway food consumption, manage emotional eating and strengthen dietary restraint. Strategies to assist in iduals make these changes to behaviour should be incorporated within obesity treatments to improve the likelihood of successful weight loss in the long term.

Targeted Health Behavior Interventions Promoting Physical Activity

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 04-2016

DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000075

Possible evidence for a variable fine-structure constant from QSO absorption lines: motivations, analysis and results

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 11-11-2001

DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-8711.2001.04840.X

Three-year maintenance of a teacher-led programme targeting motor competence in early adolescent girls

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 25-06-2020

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1763059

A systematic review of SNAPO (Smoking, Nutrition, Alcohol, Physical activity and Obesity) randomized controlled trials in young adult men

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2015.09.005

Abstract: To investigate the effectiveness of Smoking, Nutrition, Alcohol, Physical activity and Obesity (SNAPO) interventions in young men exclusively. The secondary aim was to evaluate the recruitment, retention and engagement strategies. A search with no date restrictions was conducted across seven databases. Randomized controlled trials recruiting young men only (aged 18-35 years) into interventions targeting any SNAPO risk factors were included. Ten studies were included (two nutrition, six alcohol use, two targeting multiple SNAPO risk factors). Six studies (two nutrition, three alcohol use and one targeting multiple SNAPO risk factors) demonstrated significant positive short-term intervention effects, but impact was either not assessed beyond the intervention (n=3), had short-term follow-up (≤6 months) (n=2) or not sustained beyond six months (n=1). Overall, a high risk of bias was identified across studies. Only one study undertook a power calculation and recruited the required s le size. Adequate retention was achieved in three studies. Effectiveness of engagement strategies was not reported in any studies. Despite preliminary evidence of short-term effectiveness of SNAPO interventions in young men, few studies characterized by a high risk of bias were identified. High quality SNAPO interventions for young men are warranted.

Evaluating the impact of a coach development intervention for improving coaching practices and player outcomes in netball: The MASTER coaching randomized control trial

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 06-12-2021

DOI: 10.1177/1747954120976966

Abstract: The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the impact of a novel 8-week coach development intervention (MASTER) on game-based coaching practices of netball coaches from one netball club (n = 16 8 intervention, 8 active-control NSW Australia), and player outcomes for the junior athletes being coached. The multi-component MASTER intervention aimed to educate coaches on how to design and implement high quality game-based coaching sessions. The core pillar of MASTER is ‘positive coaching,’ delivered through games-based coaching practices. At baseline and 10-weeks, two coaching sessions per coach were filmed and assessed using the MASTER assessment tool. Players (8-16yrs n = 85) were videoed during structured gameplay, with three aspects of game play assessed using Game Performance Assessment Instrument. Coaches and players (n = 75 12-16yrs) completed a perceptions questionnaire. Using linear mixed model ITT analysis, significant interventions effects were observed for the primary outcome: percentage of time spent performing playing-form activities [25.7% (95% CI (7.79-43.65), P = 0.008, d = 1.52]. Significant interventions effects were also observed for coach perceptions, player game skills, and player self-perceptions (P 0.05). No significant changes were observed for player enjoyment, motivation, or wellbeing. The MASTER program was effective in improving coach and player self-perceptions, and coaching practices of netball coaches during training sessions.

Impact of the “Thinking while Moving in English” intervention on primary school children's academic outcomes and physical activity: A cluster randomised controlled trial

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.IJER.2020.101592

12Month changes in dietary intake of adolescent girls attending schools in low-income communities following the NEAT Girls cluster randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2013.11.003

Abstract: Poor dietary habits and obesity are more prevalent in lower socio-economic status (SES) communities. The NEAT Girls cluster randomized controlled trial was a school-based obesity prevention program targeting adolescent girls in low SES schools in NSW, Australia. The aim was to evaluate the 12-month impact of key nutrition program messages on dietary intake and food behaviors. Diet was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In idual foods were categorized into nutrient-dense or energy-dense, nutrient-poor food groups and the percentage contribution to total energy intake calculated. Participants were aged 13.2±0.5years (n=330). There were no statistically significant group-by-time effects for dietary intake or food related behaviors, with 12-month trends suggesting more intervention group girls had improved water intakes (59% consuming⩽three glasses per day to 54% at 12 months vs. 50% to 61% in controls, p=0.052), with a greater proportion consuming < one sweetened beverage per day (24-41% vs. 34-37% in controls, p=0.057). Further research including more intensive nutrition intervention strategies are required to evaluate whether dietary intake in adolescent girls attending schools in low SES communities can be optimized.

Engaging Fathers to Improve Physical Activity and Nutrition in Themselves and in Their Preschool-Aged Children: The “Healthy Youngsters, Healthy Dads” Feasibility Trial

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 02-2021

DOI: 10.1123/JPAH.2020-0506

Abstract: Background : Few lifestyle programs for young children have targeted fathers. This study examined the feasibility of a lifestyle intervention for fathers and their preschool-aged children. Method : A total of 24 father reschool child dyads were recruited from Newcastle, Australia, into a single-arm, feasibility trial (baseline and 3-mo postbaseline assessments). The 9-session program aimed to improve physical activity and dietary habits of fathers and children. A priori feasibility benchmarks targeted recruitment (15 dyads), eligibility rate ( %), attendance (80%), retention (≥85%), and program acceptability (≥4 out of 5). Acceptability of data collection procedures, research team program/resource management, home-program compliance, and preliminary intervention outcomes were also assessed. Results : Feasibility benchmarks were surpassed for recruitment (24 dyads), eligibility rate (61.5%), attendance (89%), retention (100%), and program acceptability (4.6 out of 5). Data collection procedures were acceptable. Challenges included mothers reporting their own dietary intake rather than their child’s, children moving during body composition measurement, and resetting pedometers. Resource and program management were excellent. Most families met home-program requirements (83%). Preliminary intervention outcomes were encouraging for fathers and children. Conclusion : Program feasibility was demonstrated by excellent recruitment, attendance, acceptability, retention, program administration, and promising preliminary intervention outcomes. A few data collection difficulties were identified. A larger scale efficacy trial is warranted.

Testing Social-Cognitive Theory to Explain Physical Activity Change in Adolescent Girls From Low-Income Communities

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 12-2013

DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2013.842454

Abstract: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesized structural paths in Bandura's social-cognitive theory (SCT) model on adolescent girls' physical activity following a 12-month physical activity and dietary intervention to prevent obesity. We conducted a 12-month follow-up study of 235 adolescent girls (M(age) = 13.2 years, SD = 0.4) from 12 secondary schools located in low-income communities. At baseline, participants completed SCT scales related to physical activity (i.e., self-efficacy, intention, parental support, and outcome expectations). At baseline and 12-month follow-up (postintervention), participants wore accelerometers for 7 days. Structural equation modeling was used to determine if Time 1 measures predicted physical activity at 12-month follow-up after adjusting for baseline activity. The model explained 28% and 34% of the variance in physical activity and intention, respectively. Model fit indexes indicated the data were a good fit to the model however, only self-efficacy was associated with physical activity at 12 months. There was no support for intention or outcome expectations as proximal determinants of behavior. Self-efficacy was associated with outcome expectations and parental support however, only outcome expectations predicted intention. Current findings indicate a large proportion of the variance for physical activity and intention remains unexplained and that the proposed pathways in the SCT model were not fully supported. Future model testing may need to consider augmentation or integration of theoretical models, which may include ecological components if we are to advance our understanding of physical activity behavior in this subgroup of the adolescent population.

Preventing Obesity Among Adolescent Girls

Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)

Date: 09-2012

DOI: 10.1001/ARCHPEDIATRICS.2012.41

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a 12-month multicomponent school-based obesity prevention program, Nutrition and Enjoyable Activity for Teen Girls among adolescent girls. DESIGN Group randomized controlled trial with 12-month follow-up. SETTING Twelve secondary schools in low-income communities in the Hunter and Central Coast regions of New South Wales, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred fifty-seven adolescent girls aged 12 to 14 years. INTERVENTION A multicomponent school-based intervention program tailored for adolescent girls. The intervention was based on social cognitive theory and included teacher professional development, enhanced school sport sessions, interactive seminars, nutrition workshops, lunch-time physical activity sessions, handbooks and pedometers for self-monitoring, parent newsletters, and text messaging for social support. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms ided by height in meters squared), BMI z score, body fat percentage, physical activity, screen time, dietary intake, and self-esteem. RESULTS After 12 months, changes in BMI (adjusted mean difference, -0.19 95% CI, -0.70 to 0.33), BMI z score (mean, -0.08 95% CI, -0.20 to 0.04), and body fat percentage (mean, -1.09 95% CI, -2.88 to 0.70) were in favor of the intervention, but they were not statistically different from those in the control group. Changes in screen time were statistically significant (mean, -30.67 min/d 95% CI, -62.43 to -1.06), but there were no group by time effects for physical activity, dietary behavior, or self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS A school-based intervention tailored for adolescent girls from schools located in low-income communities did not significantly reduce BMI gain. However, changes in body composition were of a magnitude similar to previous studies and may be associated with clinically important health outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION anzctr.org.au Identifier: 12610000330044.

Physical education in secondary schools located in low-income communities: Physical activity levels, lesson context and teacher interaction

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2014.12.003

Abstract: Physical education (PE) plays an important role in contributing to students' physical activity (PA) however, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) within PE is lower than recommended. Little is known about the PA levels of students from disadvantaged schools within PE. This study aimed to describe: (i) the PA levels of students from disadvantaged secondary schools during PE lessons, (ii) the lesson context and teacher interactions occurring during PE, and (iii) the associations between teacher, school or PE lesson characteristics with student physical activity levels in PE. Cross-sectional study of 100 Grade 7 PE lessons across 10 secondary schools. System for observing fitness instruction time (SOFIT) was used to assess student PA, lesson context, and teacher interaction. Teacher and school characteristics were collected via survey. Mean proportion of lesson time was used to describe PA, lesson context and teacher interaction. Associations between each outcome variable and each characteristic were examined using 2-s le t-tests, ANOVAs and linear regression. Thirty-nine percent of PE lesson was spent in MVPA, and less than 10% spent in VA. Lessons in schools in urban areas included significantly more MVPA than rural areas (P=0.04). Male teachers and more experienced teachers conducted lessons with significantly more VA than female and less experienced teachers (P=0.04 and 0.02). MVPA was also higher in lessons conducted by more experienced teachers. PA during PE lessons within disadvantaged secondary schools is below international recommendations. Male teachers, more experienced teachers and schools in urban regions teach more active lessons.

Process Evaluation of a School-Based High-Intensity Interval Training Program for Older Adolescents: The Burn 2 Learn Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 16-12-2020

DOI: 10.3390/CHILDREN7120299

Abstract: Process evaluations can help to optimise the implementation of school-based physical activity interventions. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process evaluation of a school-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program for older adolescent students, known as Burn 2 Learn (B2L). B2L was evaluated via a cluster randomised controlled trial in 20 secondary schools (10 intervention, 10 control) in New South Wales, Australia. Teachers (n = 22 (55% female)) from the 10 intervention schools, delivered the program over three phases (Phases 1 and 2, 6 months Phase 3, 6 months) to older adolescent students (n = 337 (50% female) mean ± standard deviation (SD) age = 16.0 ± 0.4 years). Process evaluation data were collected across the 12-month study period. Teachers delivered 2.0 ± 0.8 and 1.7 ± 0.6 sessions/week in Phases 1 and 2 respectively (mean total 25.9 ± 5.2), but only 0.6 ± 0.7 sessions/week in Phase 3. Observational data showed that session quality was high, however heart rate (HR) data indicated that only half of the students reached the prescribed threshold of ≥85% predicted HRmax during sessions. Over 80% of teachers reported they intended to deliver the B2L program to future student cohorts. Almost 70% of students indicated they intended to participate in HIIT in the future. Teachers considered the program to be adaptable, and both students and teachers were satisfied with the intervention. B2L was implemented with moderate-to-high fidelity in Phases 1 and 2, but low in Phase 3. Our findings add to the relatively scant process evaluation literature focused on the delivery of school-based physical activity programs.

Examining the efficacy of a multicomponent m-Health physical activity, diet and sleep intervention for weight loss in overweight and obese adults: randomised controlled trial protocol

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 10-2018

DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2018-026179

Abstract: Traditional behavioural weight loss trials targeting improvements in physical activity and diet are modestly effective. It has been suggested that sleep may have a role in weight loss and maintenance. Improving sleep health in combination with physical activity and dietary behaviours may be one strategy to enhance traditional behavioural weight loss trials. Yet the efficacy of a weight loss intervention concurrently targeting improvements in physical activity, dietary and sleep behaviours remains to be tested. The primary aim of this three-arm randomised controlled trial is to examine the efficacy of a multicomponent m-Health behaviour change weight loss intervention relative to a waitlist control group. The secondary aims are to compare the relative efficacy of a physical activity, dietary behaviour and sleep intervention (enhanced intervention), compared with a physical activity and dietary behaviour only intervention (traditional intervention), on the primary outcome of weight loss and secondary outcomes of waist circumference, glycated haemoglobin, physical activity, diet quality and intake, sleep health, eating behaviours, depression, anxiety and stress and quality of life. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, 6 months (primary endpoint) and 12 months (follow-up). The multicomponent m-Health intervention will be delivered using a smartphone/tablet ‘app’, supplemented with email and SMS and in idualised in-person dietary counselling. Participants will receive a Fitbit, body weight scales to facilitate self-monitoring, and use the app to access educational material, set goals, self-monitor and receive feedback about behaviours. Generalised linear models using an analysis of covariance (baseline adjusted) approach will be used to identify between-group differences in primary and secondary outcomes, following an intention-to-treat principle. The Human Research Ethics Committee of The University of Newcastle Australia provided approval: H-2017–0039. Findings will be disseminated via publication in peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, community presentations and student theses. ACTRN12617000735358 UTN1111-1219-2050.

Response to: Self-Directed Interventions to Promote Weight Loss: a Systematic Review of Reviews

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 24-07-2014

DOI: 10.2196/JMIR.3476

The impact of nutrition education with and without a school garden on knowledge, vegetable intake and preferences and quality of school life among primary-school students

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 05-05-2010

DOI: 10.1017/S1368980010000959

Abstract: To investigate the impact of school garden-enhanced nutrition education (NE) on children’s fruit and vegetable consumption, vegetable preferences, fruit and vegetable knowledge and quality of school life. Quasi-experimental 10-week intervention with nutrition education and garden (NE& G), NE only and control groups. Fruit and vegetable knowledge, vegetable preferences (willingness to taste and taste ratings), fruit and vegetable consumption (24 h recall × 2) and quality of school life (QoSL) were measured at baseline and 4-month follow-up. Two primary schools in the Hunter Region, New South Wales, Australia. A total of 127 students in Grades 5 and 6 (11–12 years old 54 % boys). Relative to controls, significant between-group differences were found for NE& G and NE students for overall willingness to taste vegetables ( P 0·001) and overall taste ratings of vegetables ( P 0·001). A treatment effect was found for the NE& G group for: ability to identify vegetables ( P 0·001) willingness to taste capsicum ( P = 0·04), broccoli ( P = 0·01), tomato ( P 0·001) and pea ( P = 0·02) and student preference to eat broccoli ( P 0·001) and pea ( P 0·001) as a snack. No group-by-time differences were found for vegetable intake ( P = 0·22), fruit intake ( P = 0·23) or QoSL ( P = 0·98). School gardens can impact positively on primary-school students’ willingness to taste vegetables and their vegetable taste ratings, but given the complexity of dietary behaviour change, more comprehensive strategies are required to increase vegetable intake.

Test–retest reliability of a battery of field-based health-related fitness measures for adolescents

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 04-2011

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2010.551215

Abstract: The main aim of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability of existing tests of health-related fitness. Participants (mean age 14.8 years, s = 0.4) were 42 boys and 26 girls who completed the study assessments on two occasions separated by one week. The following tests were conducted: bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to calculate percent body fat, leg dynamometer, 90° push-up, 7-stage sit-up, and wall squat tests. Intra-class correlation (ICC), paired s les t-tests, and typical error expressed as a coefficient of variation were calculated. The mean percent body fat intra-class correlation coefficient was similar for boys (ICC = 0.95) and girls (ICC = 0.93), but the mean coefficient of variation was considerably higher for boys than girls (22.2% vs. 12.2%). The boys' coefficients of variation for the tests of muscular fitness ranged from 9.0% for the leg dynamometer test to 26.5% for the timed wall squat test. The girls' coefficients of variation ranged from 17.1% for the sit-up test to 21.4% for the push-up test. Although the BIA machine produced reliable estimates of percent body fat, the tests of muscular fitness resulted in high systematic error, suggesting that these measures may require an extensive familiarization phase before the results can be considered reliable.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels in secondary school physical education lessons

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 24-04-2017

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-017-0504-0

Framework for the design and delivery of organized physical activity sessions for children and adolescents: rationale and description of the ‘SAAFE’ teaching principles

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 23-02-2017

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-017-0479-X

Movement skills and physical activity in obese children: Randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 2011

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0B013E3181E741E8

Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of the MADE4Life Program: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 10-2015

DOI: 10.1123/JPAH.2014-0331

Abstract: The aim was to assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a community-based physical activity (PA) intervention targeting mothers and daughters. A randomized controlled trial of 48 primary school-aged girls and their 40 mothers were randomized to (i) Mothers And Daughters Exercising for Life ( MADE4Life ) (n = 21 mothers, n = 25 daughters) or (ii) wait-list control (n = 19 mothers, n = 23 daughters). The 8-week program involved 8 sessions 25-minute separate mothers and daughters education sessions and 60-minutes PA together. Assessments were at baseline, postintervention and 3-month postintervention. Primary outcome measure was daughters’ moderateto-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (accelerometer). Secondary outcomes included accelerometer-assessed light/moderate/vigorous PA, BMI, waist circumference, body composition, blood pressure, resting heart rate, sedentary behaviors and mothers’ self-reported PA, parenting measures, and cognitions. Intention-to-treat analysis used linear mixed models. Recruitment and retention goals were exceeded. Attendance rates, program acceptability and satisfaction were high. There was no significant group-by-time effect for daughters’ %MVPA (–0.08 95%CI –1.49, 1.33, d = –0.03) or other secondary outcomes for girls (postintervention range d = 0.01 to –0.46). Significant intervention effects were found for mothers’ %VPA ( P = .04, d = 0.25) and role modeling ( P = .02, d = 0.66). MADE4Life was both feasible and acceptable. Although very small effect sizes were found for the daughters, significant changes were seen for mothers ( d = 0.25 to 0.66). Future fully powered trials targeting PA in mothers and daughters is warranted.

Effects of different types of classroom physical activity breaks on children’s on‐task behaviour, academic achievement and cognition

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 15-07-2019

DOI: 10.1111/APA.14892

Abstract: This study examined the effects of different types of classroom physical activity breaks on children's on-task behaviour, academic achievement and cognition. Participants were 87 Australian primary school students (mean age 9.11 ± 0.62 years), recruited from one school. Three classes were randomly assigned either to activity breaks only (n = 29), activity breaks and mathematics combined (n = 29), or control conditions involving only mathematical content (n = 29). Students were engaged in five minutes of classroom physical activity breaks, three times per week, for four weeks ( ided into two minutes at the beginning of the usual mathematics curriculum lesson and three minutes in the middle of the lesson). Assessments were conducted at baseline and post-test. Significant group-by-time effects were found for on-task behaviour (active engagement: activity breaks and mathematics combined versus control, p ≤ 0.001 activity breaks versus control, p ≤ 0.001 activity breaks and mathematics combined versus activity breaks, p = 0.037 passive engagement: activity breaks and mathematics combined versus control, p ≤ 0.001) and mathematics scores (activity breaks versus control, p = 0.045). Physical activity breaks with and without integrated mathematics content were effective in improving children's on-task behaviour and learning scores.

Energy homeostasis and appetite regulating hormones as predictors of weight loss in men and women

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2016.02.153

Abstract: Sex differences in weight loss are often seen despite using the same weight loss program. There has been relatively little investigation of physiological influences on weight loss success in males and females, such as energy homeostasis and appetite regulating hormones. The aims were to 1) characterise baseline plasma leptin, ghrelin and adiponectin concentrations in overweight and obese males and females, and 2) determine whether baseline concentrations of these hormones predict weight loss in males and females. Subjects were overweight or obese (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) adults aged 18-60 years. Weight was measured at baseline, and after three and six months participation in a weight loss program. Baseline concentrations of leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An independent t-test or non-parametric equivalent was used to determine any differences between sex. Linear regression determined whether baseline hormone concentrations were predictors of six-month weight change. Females had significantly higher baseline concentrations of leptin, adiponectin and unacylated ghrelin as well as ratios of leptin:adiponectin and leptin:ghrelin. The ratio of acylated:unacylated ghrelin was significantly higher in males. In males and females, a higher baseline concentration of unacylated ghrelin predicted greater weight loss at six months. Additionally in females, higher baseline total ghrelin predicted greater weight loss and a higher ratio of leptin:ghrelin predicted weight gain at six months. A higher pre-weight-loss plasma concentration of unacylated ghrelin is a modest predictor of weight loss success in males and females, while a higher leptin:ghrelin ratio is a predictor of weight loss failure in females. Further investigation is required into what combinations and concentrations of these hormones are optimal for weight loss success.

Evaluating the Feasibility of the Education, Movement, and Understanding (EMU) Program: A Primary School-Based Physical Education Program Integrating Indigenous Games Alongside Numeracy and Literacy S

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 2023

DOI: 10.1123/JTPE.2021-0284

Abstract: Purpose : The aim of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a 16-lesson integrated physical education program focusing on Indigenous games: Education, Movement, and Understanding (EMU). Method : The study aligned with current physical education, English, and mathematics syllabi and involved 105 children (9–12 years) from two primary schools (Awabakal Country, Australia 2020). Children participated in sixteen 45–60 min EMU lessons over 8 weeks, with feasibility and preliminary efficacy outcomes assessed via mixed methods. Results : EMU was delivered successfully by the research team, with excellent student and teacher evaluations ( M = 4.36–5.0 across 20 items). Improvements resulted for children’s cardiorespiratory fitness ( d = 0.37, p = .001), enjoyment of sport ( d = 0.27, p = .024), physical self-perceptions ( d = 0.27, p = .043), and academic achievement (spelling d = 0.91, addition d = 0.40, subtraction d = 0.53, and ision d = 0.68). No significant changes in well-being or multiplication scores resulted. Conclusion : Our results provide support for the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of EMU as a beneficial and enjoyable integrated primary school physical education program.

A cluster randomized trial of a multi-level intervention, delivered by service staff, to increase physical activity of children attending center-based childcare

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2013.10.004

Abstract: To evaluate the impact of a multi-level intervention on the physical activity levels of 3-5 year old children attending center-based childcare services. The trial was conducted in New South Wales Australia in 2010 in 20 centers with 459 children. The intervention, included: fundamental movement skill sessions structured activities staff role modelling limiting small screen recreation and sedentary time and anactivity promoting physical environment. Control services continued with usual routines. Physical activity during care was assessed using pedometers at baseline and at six months after baseline. Intervention implementation was assessed via observation of staff physical activity practices and audits of service environment and policy. Mean step counts at baseline and follow-up were 17.20 (CI 15.94-18.46) and 16.12 (CI 14.86-17.30) in the intervention group and 13.78 (CI 12.76-14.80) and 13.87 (CI 12.57-15.17) in the control group (p=0.12). Intervention services showed significantly greater increases in the total minutes that teachers led structured activities, relative to control group services (p=0.02). The intervention showed no significant effect on child step counts per minute despite increasing time that staff delivered structured activity which is likely to be attributable to difficulties experienced by service staff in delivering a number of intervention components.

The 'Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids' community effectiveness trial: study protocol of a community-based healthy lifestyle program for fathers and their children

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 19-11-2011

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-876

Exploring changes in physical activity, sedentary behaviors and hypothesized mediators in the NEAT girls group randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2013.02.003

Abstract: To evaluate the impact of a 12-month school-based multi-component program on adolescent girls' physical activity and sedentary behaviors, and hypothesized mediators of physical activity behavior change. Group randomized controlled trial with 12-month follow-up. The intervention, guided by Social Cognitive Theory, involved 357 adolescent girls (13.2 ± 0.5 years) from 12 secondary schools (6 intervention schools, 6 control schools) in low-income communities in the Hunter and Central Coast regions of New South Wales, Australia. The intervention included enhanced school sport, lunchtime physical activity sessions, interactive seminars, student handbooks, nutrition workshops, pedometers, parent newsletters and text messages to encourage physical activity and healthy eating, and a decrease in sedentary behavior. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 12-months and included: physical activity (accelerometers), sedentary behaviors (questionnaire and accelerometers), and social-cognitive mediators of physical activity (questionnaire). There were significant between group differences in favor of the intervention group for self-reported recreational computer use (-26.0 min 95% CI, -46.9 to -5.1), and sedentary activities summed (-56.4 min 95% CI, -110.1 to -2.7), however objective sedentary behavior showed no differences. There were no group-by-time effects for any of the physical activity outcomes or hypothesized mediators. A school-based intervention tailored for adolescent girls from schools located in low-income communities significantly reduced time spent in sedentary activities. However, improvements in physical activity and hypothesized mediators of physical activity behavior were not observed. Future studies are encouraged to explore alternative mechanisms of behavior change derived from integrated and socio-ecological theories.

Governments matter for capitalist economies: Regeneration and transition to green and decent jobs

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 03-09-2015

DOI: 10.1177/0143831X15601731

Abstract: Many traditional regions are undergoing change and transformation as industries restructure. The development of ‘green economies’ and the transition to a low-carbon economy offers areas experiencing industrial decline an opportunity to innovate around policies for regeneration. In this process, there is a necessary emphasis on skills development and the creation of decent jobs, but institutional context mediates such processes in different places in different ways. This article argues that an effective transition policy is more likely to emerge where a mutually reciprocal relationship is developed between the state qua government and the social groups that comprise the region, including employers and workers and their representatives. Utilising a ‘varieties of capitalism’ typology in relation to areas of industrial decline in Germany and the UK, the article illustrates the ways in which transition policies are elaborated and implemented, with an explicit focus on decent job creation.

Preliminary Efficacy and Feasibility of the “Thinking While Moving in English”: A Program with Integrated Physical Activity into the Primary School English Lessons

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 10-08-2018

DOI: 10.3390/CHILDREN5080109

Abstract: Background: The physical, cognitive, and learning benefits of physical activity for children have already been established. However, many schools are failing to provide children with sufficient activity at school due to a crowded school curriculum. Physical activity interventions that integrate physical activity with learning is a way to enhance physical and cognitive benefits without loss of academic time. This study evaluated the preliminary efficacy and feasibility of “Thinking While Moving in English”, a primary school program that integrates physical activity into English lessons. Method: Two classes of Grade 4 students (n = 55, 10–11 years old) were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 29) or control (n = 26) conditions. The program components consisted of 3 × 40 min physically active academic lessons per week, delivered over a 4-week period. The following measures were taken at baseline and immediate post-intervention: on-task behavior, cognition (inhibition and working memory), and learning outcomes (spelling and grammar). Results: Results revealed significant improvements in on-task behavior and spelling in the intervention group, compared to the control group. There were no observed improvements in cognitive outcomes or grammar. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence for the efficacy of physically active English lessons to enhance children’s educational outcomes.

Efficacy of interventions that include diet, aerobic and resistance training components for type 2 diabetes prevention: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 15-01-2014

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-11-2

Abstract: Current recommendations for the prevention of type 2 diabetes advise modification of diet and exercise behaviors including both aerobic and resistance training. However, the efficacy of multi-component interventions involving a combination of these three components has not been established. The aims of this review were to systematically review and meta-analyze the evidence on multi-component (diet + aerobic exercise + resistance training) lifestyle interventions for type 2 diabetes prevention. Eight electronic databases (Medline, Embase, SportDiscus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Informit health collection, Cochrane library and Scopus) were searched up to June 2013. Eligible studies 1) recruited prediabetic adults or in iduals at risk of type 2 diabetes 2) conducted diet and exercise [including both physical activity/aerobic and resistance training] programs and 3) reported weight and plasma glucose outcomes. In total, 23 articles from eight studies were eligible including five randomized controlled trials, one quasi-experimental, one two-group comparison and one single-group pre-post study. Four studies had a low risk of bias (score ≥ 6/10). Median intervention length was 12 months (range 4–48 months) with a follow-up of 18 months (range 6.5 - 48 months). The diet and exercise interventions varied slightly in terms of their specific prescriptions. Meta-analysis favored interventions over controls for weight loss (-3.79 kg [-6.13, -1.46 95% CI], Z = 3.19, P = 0.001) and fasting plasma glucose (-0.13 mmol.L -1 [-0.24, -0.02 95% CI], Z = 2.42, P = 0.02). Diabetes incidence was only reported in two studies, with reductions of 58% and 56% versus control groups. In summary, multi-component lifestyle type 2 diabetes prevention interventions that include diet and both aerobic and resistance exercise training are modestly effective in inducing weight loss and improving impaired fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, dietary and exercise outcomes in at risk and prediabetic adult populations. These results support the current exercise guidelines for the inclusion of resistance training in type 2 diabetes prevention, however there remains a need for more rigorous studies, with long-term follow-up evaluating program efficacy, muscular fitness outcomes, diabetes incidence and risk reduction.

Preventing and treating childhood obesity: time to target fathers

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 18-10-2011

DOI: 10.1038/IJO.2011.198

Abstract: To examine the long-term effects of having one overweight or obese parent on child weight status and determine whether these effects vary according to parent sex. Prospective study: Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). Two-parent families (N=3285) from the LSAC were included if height and weight data were available for both parents and their child at the 2004 and 2008 time points. Child weight status category (healthy, overweight, obese) in 2008 when the child was aged 8-9 years. Regression modelling was used to investigate how self-reported parent weight status in 2004 influenced measured child weight status 4 years later. Parent body mass index (BMI) was significantly correlated with child BMI, but there was no evidence of sex-specific associations between parent and child BMI correlations. The results from the regression analysis showed that having an overweight or obese father, but a healthy weight mother, significantly increased the odds of child obesity (odds ratio: 4.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-17.33 and odds ratio: 14.88, 95% CI: 2.61-84.77, respectively), but the reverse scenario (overweight or obese mother with a healthy weight father) was not a significant predictor of child overweight or obesity (odds ratio: 2.52, 95% CI: 0.38-16.71 and odds ratio: 2.56, 95% CI: 0.31-21.26, respectively). Children with overweight or obese fathers are at a higher risk of becoming obese. This suggests that interventions are urgently required to test the efficacy of treating overweight fathers as a key strategy for childhood obesity prevention and/or treatment.

Exploring the mechanisms of weight loss in the SHED-IT intervention for overweight men: a mediation analysis

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2009

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-6-76

Fundamental movement skills: An important focus

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 07-2016

DOI: 10.1123/JTPE.2014-0209

Abstract: Recent international conference presentations have critiqued the promotion of fundamental movement skills (FMS) as a primary pedagogical focus. Presenters have called for a debate about the importance of, and rationale for teaching FMS, and this letter is a response to that call. The authors of this letter are academics who actively engage in FMS research. We have answered a series of contentions about the promotion of FMS using the peer reviewed literature to support our perspective. We define what we mean by FMS, discuss the context of what skills can be considered fundamental, discuss how the development of these skills is related to broader developmental health contexts, and recommend the use of different pedagogical approaches when teaching FMS. We conclude the promotion of FMS is an important focus in Physical Education (PE) and sport and provide future research questions for investigation.

Do Skilled Children Become Active Adolescents?

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 05-2008

DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000321868.26713.44

Mediating effects of sleep on mental health in older adolescents: Findings from the Burn 2 Learn randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-08-2023

DOI: 10.1111/SMS.14463

Abstract: Our study explored the mediating effect of sleep‐related variables on older adolescents' mental health in the context of a school‐based physical activity intervention. We evaluated the Burn 2 Learn (B2L) intervention using a cluster randomized controlled trial, which included two cohorts. Participants for this sub‐study were from the second cohort, which included 292 older adolescents (16.0 ± 0.5 years) from 10 secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia. Teachers at intervention schools delivered two high‐intensity activity breaks (approximately 10 mins) per week to students during academic lessons. Participants completed measures of mental health (i.e., perceived stress and internalizing problems) and hypothesized mediators (i.e., sleep duration, sleep latency, awakenings, and daytime sleepiness) at baseline (February–April 2019) and post‐intervention (August–September 2019). Single mediation analyses were conducted to explore the potential mediating effects of sleep variables on mental health outcomes using a product‐of‐coefficient test. We observed a small statistically significant effect for perceived stress ( β = −0.11, SE = 0.034, p = 0.002), but not for internalizing problems ( β = 0.02, SE = 0.051, p = 0.760). There were no significant intervention effects for sleep‐related variables. Several sleep‐related variables were associated with mental health outcomes but no mediated effects were found. The B2L intervention had a small beneficial effect on perceived stress, however our mediation analyses suggest this was not explained by changes in sleep‐related variables. Markers of sleep were associated with mental health constructs, highlighting the importance of sleep for good psychological health. However, in the context of a physical activity intervention, effects on mental health may be driven by other behavioral, neurobiological, or psychosocial mechanisms.

Adolescent pedometer protocols: examining reactivity, tampering and participants’ perceptions

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 09-09-2013

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2013.815361

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate adolescents' potential reactivity and t ering while wearing pedometers by comparing different monitoring protocols to accelerometer output. The s le included adolescents (N = 123, age range = 14-15 years) from three secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia. Schools were randomised to one of the three pedometer monitoring protocols: (i) daily sealed (DS) pedometer group, (ii) unsealed (US) pedometer group or (iii) weekly sealed (WS) pedometer group. Participants wore pedometers (Yamax Digi-Walker CW700, Yamax Corporation, Kumamoto City, Japan) and accelerometers (Actigraph GT3X+, Pensacola, USA) simultaneously for seven days. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine potential reactivity. Bivariate correlations between step counts and accelerometer output were calculated to explore potential t ering. The correlation between accelerometer output and pedometer steps/day was strongest among participants in the WS group (r = 0.82, P ≤ 0.001), compared to the US (r = 0.63, P ≤ 0.001) and DS (r = 0.16, P = 0.324) groups. The DS (P ≤ 0.001) and US (P = 0.003), but not the WS (P = 0.891), groups showed evidence of reactivity. The results suggest that reactivity and t ering does occur in adolescents and contrary to existing research, pedometer monitoring protocols may influence participant behaviour.

Intervention to reduce recreational screen-time in adolescents: Outcomes and mediators from the ‘Switch-Off 4 Healthy Minds’ (S4HM) cluster randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2016.07.014

Abstract: The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of the 'Switch-off 4 Healthy Minds' (S4HM) intervention on recreational screen-time in adolescents. Cluster randomized controlled trial with study measures at baseline and 6-months (post-intervention). Eligible participants reported exceeding recreational screen-time recommendations (i.e., >2h/day). In total, 322 adolescents (mean age=14.4±0.6years) from eight secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia were recruited. The S4HM intervention was guided by Self-Determination Theory and included: an interactive seminar, eHealth messaging, a behavioral contract and parental newsletters. The primary outcome was recreational screen-time. Secondary outcomes included mental health (i.e., well-being, psychological distress, self-perceptions), objectively measured physical activity, and body mass index (BMI). Outcome analyses were conducted using linear mixed models and mediation was examined using a product-of-coefficients test. At post-intervention, significant reductions in screen-time were observed in both groups, with a greater reduction observed in the intervention group (-50min/day versus -29min, p<0.05 for both). However, the adjusted difference in change between groups was not statistically significant (mean=-21.3min/day, p=0.255). There were no significant intervention effects for mental health outcomes, physical activity or BMI. Significant mediation effects for autonomous motivation were found. Participants in both the S4HM intervention and control groups significantly reduced their screen-time, with no group-by-time effects. Enhancing autonomous motivation might be a useful intervention target for trials aimed at reducing adolescents' recreational screen-time. ACTRN12614000163606.

Engaging Fathers to Increase Physical Activity in Girls: The “Dads And Daughters Exercising and Empowered” (DADEE) Randomized Controlled Trial

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 10-04-2018

DOI: 10.1093/ABM/KAY015

Abstract: Existing strategies to increase girls' physical activity levels have seen limited success. Fathers may influence their children's physical activity, but often spend more time with their sons and rarely participate in family-based programs. To test a novel program designed to increase the physical activity levels of fathers and their daughters. In a two-arm RCT, 115 fathers (29-53 years) and 153 daughters (4-12 years) were randomized to (i) the "Dads And Daughters Exercising and Empowered" (DADEE) program, or (ii) a wait-list control. The 8-week program included weekly educational and practical sessions plus home tasks. Assessments were at baseline, 2 months (postintervention), and 9 months. The primary outcomes were father-daughter physical activity levels (pedometry). Secondary outcomes included screen-time, daughters' fundamental movement skill proficiency (FMS: perceived and objective), and fathers' physical activity parenting practices. Primary outcome data were obtained from 88% of daughters and 90% of fathers at 9 months. Intention-to-treat analyses revealed favorable group-by-time effects for physical activity in daughters (p = .02, d = 0.4) and fathers (p < .001, d = 0.7) at postintervention, which were maintained at 9 months. At postintervention and follow-up, significant effects (p < .05) were also identified for daughters' FMS competence (objective: d = 1.1-1.2 perceived: d = 0.4-0.6), a range of fathers' physical activity parenting practices (d = 0.3-0.8), and screen-time for daughters (d = 0.5-0.8) and fathers (d = 0.4-0.6, postintervention only). Program satisfaction and attendance were very high. This study provided the first experimental evidence that efforts to increase physical activity behavior in preadolescent girls would benefit from a meaningful engagement of fathers. Clinical Trial information: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12615000022561.

Practicalities and Research Considerations for Conducting Childhood Obesity Prevention Interventions with Families

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 08-11-2016

DOI: 10.3390/CHILDREN3040024

A Systematic Review Investigating the Effects of Implementing Game-Based Approaches in School-Based Physical Education Among Primary School Children

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 07-2023

DOI: 10.1123/JTPE.2021-0279

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of game-based approaches on game performance, fundamental movement skills, health-related indicators, and physical activity outcomes among children (5–12 years) when delivered in the primary physical education school setting. Method: A systematic search of six electronic databases without date limitation was conducted on June 11, 2021. Results: Among included studies ( N = 17), positive outcomes were found for children’s game performance, fundamental movement skills, physical and mental health, and/or physical activity. Game-based approaches intervention success appears to be related to the contents of teacher training, especially the inclusion of a theory-based syllabus, mentoring, and reflection sessions. Conclusions: The findings of this review confirm that hybrid sport education-invasion games interventions delivered in primary schools are beneficial for improving a range of student outcomes. To improve physical self-perception, intrinsic motivation, well-being, physiological, and potential psychological outcomes for children, it is necessary to explore more game-based approaches’ longitudinal and intervention research with high quality.

The reliability and validity of an authentic motor skill assessment tool for early adolescent girls in an Australian school setting

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2016.11.007

Abstract: Proficiency in fundamental movement skills (FMS) is positively correlated with cardiorespiratory fitness, healthy weight status, and physical activity. Many instruments have been developed to assess FMS in children. It is important to accurately measure FMS competency in adolescent populations, particularly in girls, who are less proficient than boys. Yet these tests have not been validated or tested for reliability among girls in this age group. The current study tested the concurrent validity and reliability of two FMS assessment instruments the newly developed Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA), against the Victorian FMS Assessment from Australia, among a s le of early adolescent girls. In total, 34 Year 7 females (mean age 12.6 years) from Australia were tested and retested on each instrument in a school setting. Test-retest reliability was excellent for the overall CAMSA score (ICC=0.91) and for the isolated time and skill score components (time: ICC=0.80 skill: ICC=0.85). Test-retest reliability of the Victorian FMS Assessment was also good (ICC=0.79). There was no evidence of proportional bias in either assessment. There was evidence of strong concurrent validity (r Both instruments were found to be reliable and valid. However, compared to the Victorian FMS instrument, the CAMSA has the advantage of both process and product assessment, less time needed to administer and higher authenticity, and so may be an attractive alternative to the more traditional forms of FMS assessment, for use with early adolescent girls, in school settings.

Participant characteristics and reach of a commercial web‐based weight loss program

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 29-11-2010

DOI: 10.1111/J.1747-0080.2010.01474.X

Defining physical literacy for application in Australia

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 04-2019

DOI: 10.1123/JTPE.2018-0264

Abstract: Purpose : The development of a physical literacy definition and standards framework suitable for implementation in Australia. Method : Modified Delphi methodology. Results : Consensus was established on four defining statements: Core —Physical literacy is lifelong holistic learning acquired and applied in movement and physical activity contexts Composition —Physical literacy reflects ongoing changes integrating physical, psychological, cognitive, and social capabilities Importance —Physical literacy is vital in helping us lead healthy and fulfilling lives through movement and physical activity and Aspiration —A physically literate person is able to draw on his/her integrated physical, psychological, cognitive, and social capacities to support health promoting and fulfilling movement and physical activity, relative to the situation and context, throughout the lifespan. The standards framework addressed four learning domains (physical, psychological, cognitive, and social), spanning five learning configurations/levels. Conclusion : The development of a bespoke program for a new context has important implications for both existing and future programs.

Impact of a father-daughter physical activity program on girls' social-emotional well-being: A randomized controlled trial

Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)

Date: 03-2019

DOI: 10.1037/CCP0000374

Abstract: To increase girls' well-being, strategies are needed to optimize their social-emotional competence during childhood. Although positive fathering is important for girls, many fathers discount their unique influence and few participate in interventions. The Dads And Daughters Exercising and Empowered (DADEE) program was developed to engage fathers and their daughters through shared physical activity experiences. This study examined the program's impact on girls' well-being and the father-daughter relationship. Overall, 115 fathers (age range: 29-53 years) and 153 daughters (age range: 4-12 years) were randomized to (1) the DADEE program (9 weekly educational and practical sessions plus home-based challenges) or (2) a wait-list control. Assessments were baseline, 2 months (postintervention), and 9 months (94% retention). Daughters' social-emotional well-being was measured with the Devereux Student Strengths Assessment composite. Secondary outcomes included additional well-being indicators (e.g., global self-perception) plus validated measures of father involvement and father-daughter relationship quality. At 2 months, intervention daughters showed a medium-to-large improvement in overall well-being (+24.9 units, 95% CI [8.6, 41.1], This study provided the first experimental evidence that father-daughter physical activity programs may improve girls' well-being and the father-daughter relationship. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

The Intersect of Theory, Methods, and Translation in Guiding Interventions for the Promotion of Physical Activity: A Case Example of a Research Programme

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 04-2014

DOI: 10.1111/AP.12037

Impact of a Father–Child, Community-Based Healthy Lifestyle Program: Qualitative Perspectives from the Family Unit

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 19-08-2023

DOI: 10.1007/S10826-023-02651-8

Abstract: The Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids (HDHK) program was designed to help fathers with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 to lose weight and positively influence physical activity and dietary behaviors of their children. There is a need to better understand the broader impact of father-focused, healthy lifestyle programs from the perspectives of other family members. This qualitative study explored the impact of a HDHK by gathering insights from the family unit (fathers, mothers artners and children). Fathers and children who participated in the HDHK dissemination trial from the Maitland local government area (New South Wales, Australia) ( n = 33) and all mothers artners of participating HDHK were invited to take part in this qualitative study. Eleven focus groups were undertaken with 25 fathers (41.9 ± 6.3 years, 32.4 ± 5.1 kg/m 2 ), 15 mothers artners’ (38.1 ± 6.6 years), and 41 children (51% male, 8.2 ± 2.1 years). Audio recordings were transcribed and analyzed by an independent researcher using a standard general inductive approach to qualitative analysis with thematic analysis applied. Three key themes emerged, demonstrating several personal and family program impacts. These included a positive impact on: (i) the father-child relationship, (ii) new family habits (e.g., lifestyle changes within the family unit) and (iii) fathers’ involvement and parenting practices (e.g., increase in fathers’ household responsibilities). Improving the knowledge and skills of fathers and children through evidence-based strategies may be a useful approach to strengthen their relationship, enhance parenting strategies, and optimize health behaviors. Notably, findings showed the changes made by the fathers and children positively impacted the wider family unit.

Validity and Reliability of Field-Based Measures for Assessing Movement Skill Competency in Lifelong Physical Activities: A Systematic Review

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 15-07-2015

DOI: 10.1007/S40279-015-0357-0

Abstract: It has been suggested that young people should develop competence in a variety of 'lifelong physical activities' to ensure that they can be active across the lifespan. The primary aim of this systematic review is to report the methodological properties, validity, reliability, and test duration of field-based measures that assess movement skill competency in lifelong physical activities. A secondary aim was to clearly define those characteristics unique to lifelong physical activities. A search of four electronic databases (Scopus, SPORTDiscus, ProQuest, and PubMed) was conducted between June 2014 and April 2015 with no date restrictions. Studies addressing the validity and/or reliability of lifelong physical activity tests were reviewed. Included articles were required to assess lifelong physical activities using process-oriented measures, as well as report either one type of validity or reliability. Assessment criteria for methodological quality were adapted from a checklist used in a previous review of sport skill outcome assessments. Movement skill assessments for eight different lifelong physical activities (badminton, cycling, dance, golf, racquetball, resistance training, swimming, and tennis) in 17 studies were identified for inclusion. Methodological quality, validity, reliability, and test duration (time to assess a single participant), for each article were assessed. Moderate to excellent reliability results were found in 16 of 17 studies, with 71% reporting inter-rater reliability and 41% reporting intra-rater reliability. Only four studies in this review reported test-retest reliability. Ten studies reported validity results content validity was cited in 41% of these studies. Construct validity was reported in 24% of studies, while criterion validity was only reported in 12% of studies. Numerous assessments for lifelong physical activities may exist, yet only assessments for eight lifelong physical activities were included in this review. Generalizability of results may be more applicable if more heterogeneous s les are used in future research. Moderate to excellent levels of inter- and intra-rater reliability were reported in the majority of studies. However, future work should look to establish test-retest reliability. Validity was less commonly reported than reliability, and further types of validity other than content validity need to be established in future research. Specifically, predictive validity of 'lifelong physical activity' movement skill competency is needed to support the assertion that such activities provide the foundation for a lifetime of activity.

Integrated modelling to support decision-making for marine social-ecological systems in Australia

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 26-05-2017

DOI: 10.1093/ICESJMS/FSX078

Abstract: Policy- and decision-makers require assessments of status and trends for marine species, habitats, and ecosystems to understand if human activities in the marine environment are sustainable, particularly in the face of global change. Central to many assessments are statistical and dynamical models of populations, communities, ecosystems, and their socioeconomic systems and management frameworks. The establishment of a national system that could facilitate the development of such model-based assessments has been identified as a priority for addressing management challenges for Australia’s marine environment. Given that most assessments require cross-scale information, in idual models cannot capture all of the spatial, temporal, biological, and socioeconomic scales that are typically needed. Coupling or integrating models across scales and domains can expand the scope for developing comprehensive and internally consistent, system-level assessments, including higher-level feedbacks in social–ecological systems. In this article, we summarize: (i) integrated modelling for marine systems currently being undertaken in Australia, (ii) methods used for integration and comparison of models, and (iii) improvements to facilitate further integration, particularly with respect to standards and specifications. We consider future needs for integrated modelling of marine social–ecological systems in Australia and provide a set of recommendations for priority focus areas in the development of a national approach to integrated modelling. These recommendations draw on—and have broader relevance for—international efforts around integrated modelling to inform decision-making for marine systems.

Evaluation of a commercial web-based weight loss and weight loss maintenance program in overweight and obese adults: a randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 03-11-2010

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-669

Improving health-related fitness in children: the fit-4-Fun randomized controlled trial study protocol

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-2011

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-902

The relationship between heart rate intensity and pedometer step counts in adolescents

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 04-2009

DOI: 10.1080/02640410802676687

Abstract: The primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between heart rate intensity and pedometer step counts in adolescents. To determine cardiorespiratory fitness, 106 participants (47 boys, 59 girls, mean age 14.2 years, s = 0.8) completed the Queen's College Step Test and were classified as having low, moderate or high cardiorespiratory fitness. Adolescents also completed a 10-min treadmill trial while wearing a pedometer and heart rate monitor. The participants were instructed to maintain their heart rate between 65 and 75% of their maximum heart rate while running or walking on a treadmill. A heart rate of 65-75% maximum was associated with 146 steps per minute (s = 22) in boys and 137 steps per minute (s = 22) in girls. Results of analysis of variance indicated that there was a main effect for level of fitness (F(2,102) = 9.36, P < 0.001). The correlation between mean steps per minute and estimated maximum oxygen consumption was statistically significant (r = 0.44, P < 0.001). The results from this study suggest that a step rate of 130 steps per minute is equal to 65-75% maximum heart rate in low-fit adolescents and achieving 130 steps per minute could be used as an initial goal to improve fitness.

The ‘Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids’ randomized controlled trial: efficacy of a healthy lifestyle program for overweight fathers and their children

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-08-2010

DOI: 10.1038/IJO.2010.151

Abstract: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the 'Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids' (HDHK) program, which was designed to help overweight fathers lose weight and be a role model of positive health behaviors for their children. Randomized controlled trial. A total of 53 overweight/obese men (mean (s.d.) age=40.6 (7.1) years body mass index (BMI)=33.2 (3.9)) and their primary school-aged children (n=71, 54% boys mean (s.d.) age=8.2 (2.0) years) were randomly assigned (family unit) to either (i) the HDHK program (n=27 fathers, n=39 children) or (ii) a wait-list control group (n=26 fathers, n=32 children). Fathers in the 3-month program attended eight face-to-face education sessions. Children attended three of these sessions. The primary outcome was fathers' weight. Fathers and their children were assessed at baseline, and at 3- and 6-month follow-up, for weight, waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure, resting heart rate (RHR), objectively measured physical activity and self-reported dietary intake. Intention-to-treat analysis revealed significant between-group differences at 6 months for weight loss (P<0.001), with HDHK fathers losing more weight (-7.6 kg 95% confidence interval (CI) -9.2, -6.0 d=0.54) than control group fathers (0.0 kg 95% CI -1.4, 1.6). Significant treatment effects (P<0.05) were also found for waist circumference (d=0.62), BMI (d=0.53), systolic blood pressure (d=0.92), RHR (d=0.66) and physical activity (d=0.91), but not for dietary intake. In children, significant treatment effects (P<0.05) were found for physical activity (d=0.74), RHR (d=0.51) and dietary intake (d=0.84). The HDHK program resulted in significant weight loss and improved health-related outcomes in fathers and improved eating and physical activity among children. Targeting fathers is a novel and efficacious approach to improving health behavior in their children.

Randomized controlled trial of the Physical Activity Leaders (PALs) program for adolescent boys from disadvantaged secondary schools☆

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 27-01-2011

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2011.01.009

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of the Physical Activity Leaders (PALs) program. PALs is an obesity prevention program for low-active adolescent boys from disadvantaged schools. The study was conducted in the Hunter Region, New South Wales (NSW), Australia from June to December 2009. Four disadvantaged secondary schools were randomized to treatment conditions for the 6-month study period. Participants were 100 adolescent boys [mean (SD) age=14.3(0.6) years BMI=22.1 kg/m(-2) (4.6) BMI z-score=0.6 (1.2)]. The primary outcome was change in BMI and secondary outcomes were body fat (bioelectrical impedance analysis), waist circumference, muscular fitness (leg dynamometer, 90º push-up test and 7-stage sit-up test), physical activity (5-days of pedometry) and selected dietary behaviors. Significant group-by-time interaction effects were found for BMI (mean difference=-0.8 kg/m(-2), p<0.001, d =0.7), BMI z-score (mean difference=-0.2, p<0.001, d=0.7), and body fat (mean difference=-1.8%, p<0.05, d=0.5), but not for waist circumference, muscular fitness or physical activity. Participants in the intervention group reduced their consumption of sugar-containing beverages. The PALs program was a feasible and efficacious approach to induce healthy weight loss in adolescent boys from disadvantaged secondary schools.

Can a relatively low-intensity intervention by health professionals prevent weight gain in mid-age women? 12-Month outcomes of the 40-Something randomised controlled trial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-05-2014

DOI: 10.1038/NUTD.2014.12

Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the Fit4Fun intervention for improving physical fitness in a sample of primary school children: a pilot study

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 09-2013

DOI: 10.1080/17408989.2012.690375

The exposure of the Great Barrier Reef to ocean acidification

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 23-02-2016

DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS10732

Abstract: The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is founded on reef-building corals. Corals build their exoskeleton with aragonite, but ocean acidification is lowering the aragonite saturation state of seawater (Ω a ). The downscaling of ocean acidification projections from global to GBR scales requires the set of regional drivers controlling Ω a to be resolved. Here we use a regional coupled circulation–biogeochemical model and observations to estimate the Ω a experienced by the 3,581 reefs of the GBR, and to apportion the contributions of the hydrological cycle, regional hydrodynamics and metabolism on Ω a variability. We find more detail, and a greater range (1.43), than previously compiled coarse maps of Ω a of the region (0.4), or in observations (1.0). Most of the variability in Ω a is due to processes upstream of the reef in question. As a result, future decline in Ω a is likely to be steeper on the GBR than currently projected by the IPCC assessment report.

Impact of the ‘Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids’ lifestyle programme on the activity‐ and diet‐related parenting practices of fathers and mothers

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 07-2014

DOI: 10.1111/IJPO.248

Abstract: The aim was to evaluate the impact of the 'Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids' programme on fathers' and mothers' activity- and diet-related parenting practices. Overweight/obese fathers (n = 87) and their primary school-aged children (56% boys) were randomized to either (i) 7-week programme (n = 45) or (ii) control group (n = 42). The programme involved four sessions for fathers only and three for fathers/children. Mothers were not directly involved. Parenting practices of both fathers and mothers were measured using the parenting strategies for eating and activity scale at baseline and 14-week follow-up. Intention-to-treat analysis using linear mixed models revealed significant group-by-time effects for fathers' limit setting (P = 0.048, d = 0.36) and reinforcement for multiple lifestyle behaviours (P = 0.001, d = 0.79). No significant intervention effects were found for fathers' control, monitoring, discipline or mothers' parenting practices (P > 0.05). The Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids programme had a positive impact on some parenting practices for fathers but not mothers.

Development and evaluation of social cognitive measures related to adolescent dietary behaviors

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 02-04-2012

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-36

Abstract: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the reliability and factorial validity, of social-cognitive measures related to adolescent healthy eating behaviors. A questionnaire was developed based on constructs from Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory and included the following scales: self-efficacy , intentions (proximal goals), situation (perceived environment), social support , behavioral strategies , outcome expectations and expectancies . The questionnaire was administered with a two week test-retest among secondary school students (n = 173, age = 13.72 ± 1.24). Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to examine model-fit for each scale using multiple indices including: chi-square index, comparative-fit index (CFI), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Reliability properties were also examined (ICC and Cronbach’s alpha). The reliability and factorial validity of each scale is supported: fit indices suggest each model to be an adequate-to-exact fit to the data internal consistency was acceptable-to-good (α=0.65−0.79) rank order repeatability was strong (ICC = 0.81−0.89). Results support the reliability and factorial validity of social cognitive scales relating to healthy eating behaviors among adolescents. As such, the developed scales have utility for identifying potential social cognitive correlates of adolescent dietary behavior, mediators of dietary behavior change and validity testing of theoretical models based on Social Cognitive Theory.

Lower activity levels are related to higher plantar pressures in overweight children

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 02-2015

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000403

A scoping review of risk behaviour interventions in young men

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 16-09-2014

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-957

Fundamental movement skill interventions in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)

Date: 11-2013

DOI: 10.1542/PEDS.2013-1167

Abstract: Fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency is positively associated with physical activity and fitness levels. The objective of this study was to systematically review evidence for the benefits of FMS interventions targeting youth. A search with no date restrictions was conducted across 7 databases. Studies included any school-, home-, or community-based intervention for typically developing youth with clear intent to improve FMS proficiency and that reported statistical analysis of FMS competence at both preintervention and at least 1 other postintervention time point. Study designs included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using experimental and quasi-experimental designs and single group pre-post trials. Risk of bias was independently assessed by 2 reviewers. Twenty-two articles (6 RCTs, 13 quasi-experimental trials, 3 pre-post trials) describing 19 interventions were included. All but 1 intervention were evaluated in primary/elementary schools. All studies reported significant intervention effects for ≥1 FMS. Meta-analyses revealed large effect sizes for overall gross motor proficiency (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68–2.16, Z = 3.77, P & .0002) and locomotor skill competency (SMD = 1.42, 95% CI 0.56–2.27, Z = 3.25, P = .001). A medium effect size for object control skill competency was observed (SMD = 0.63, 95% CI 0.28–0.98, Z = 3.53, P = .0004). Many studies scored poorly for risk of bias items. School- and community-based programs that include developmentally appropriate FMS learning experiences delivered by physical education specialists or highly trained classroom teachers significantly improve FMS proficiency in youth.

Efficacy and feasibility of HIIT training for university students: The Uni-HIIT RCT

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2018.11.016

Abstract: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the preliminary efficacy and feasibility of an 8-week high-intensity interval training program (Uni-HIIT) for young adult students in a university setting. Randomised controlled trial. Uni-HIIT was conducted at the University of Newcastle, Australia (February-June, 2017). Participants were university students 18-25yrs (n=53 20.38±1.88yrs) randomized into the Uni HIIT program (n=26) or wait-list control (n=27) condition. Participants were required to attend up to three HIIT sessions/week for 8-weeks which included a variety of aerobic and muscular fitness exercise combinations lasting 8-12minutes (using 30:30sec rest:work intervals). The primary outcome was cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) (20mSRT), and secondary outcomes included muscular fitness (standing jump, push-ups), body composition (InBody), executive function (Trail Making Test), anxiety levels (State Trait Anxiety Inventory) and perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale). Linear mixed models were used to analyse outcomes and Cohen's d effect sizes were calculated. Process evaluation measures of recruitment, retention, attendance and satisfaction were conducted. A large significant group-by-time effect resulted for CRF [8.4 shuttles (95% CI(2.9-13.9), P=0.004,d=1.08] and muscular fitness [4.0 repetitions (95% CI(1.2-6.8), P=0.006,d=0.99], and moderate effect size was observed for Trail B [-5.9seconds (95% CI(-11.8-0.1.0), P=0.052, d=0.63]. No significant intervention effects were found for body composition, standing jump, anxiety or perceived stress (P >0.05). High ratings of participant satisfaction (4.73), enjoyment (4.54) and perceived value (4.54) were observed. This study demonstrates the efficacy and feasibility of delivering a novel HIIT program in the university setting.

Assessing the sustained impact of a school-based obesity prevention program for adolescent boys: the ATLAS cluster randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 20-08-2016

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-016-0420-8

Children's Intake of Fruit and Selected Energy-Dense Nutrient-Poor Foods Is Associated with Fathers' Intake

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2011

DOI: 10.1016/J.JADA.2011.04.008

Abstract: Parental dietary intake, lifestyle behavior, and parenting style influence a child's weight status. Few studies have examined associations between parent-child dietary intake, or specific father-child associations. This cross-sectional study examined associations between father-child dietary intakes of fruit, vegetables, and selected energy-dense nutrient-poor foods. The study population consisted of overweight fathers with 50 father-child dyads included in the analysis median (interquartile range) age of fathers was 39±8.0 years body mass index was 32.7±5.3 and their primary school-aged children (n=50) (54% boys aged 8.5±3.0 years, body mass index z score 0.6±1.6) who had been targeted to participate in the Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids pilot trial in the Hunter region, New South Wales, Australia in 2008. Dietary intakes of fathers and children were assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires, with mothers reporting their child's food intake. Descriptive statistics were reported and Spearman's rank order correlations used to test the strength of associations between father-child intakes. Fathers' median (interquartile range) daily fruit and vegetable intakes were 0.9 (1.5) and 2.2 (1.3) servings/day, respectively, whereas children consumed 2.1 (2.4) fruit and 2.9 (2.1) vegetable servings/day. Moderately-strong positive correlations were found between father-child fruit intakes (r=0.40, P<0.01), cookies (r=0.54, P<0.001), and potato chips (r=0.33, P 0.05). Children's intakes of fruit and some energy-dense nutrient-poor foods but not vegetables were related to their father's intakes. The targeting of fathers should be tested in experimental studies as a potential strategy to improve child and family eating habits.

Potential moderators and mediators of intervention effects in an obesity prevention program for adolescent boys from disadvantaged schools

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2012.03.011

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore potential moderators and mediators of intervention effects in the Physical Activity Leaders (PALs) obesity prevention program for adolescent boys from disadvantaged secondary schools. Group randomized controlled trial. One hundred adolescent boys (mean age=14.3 (0.6) years) from four schools were randomized to the PALs intervention or a control group for the 6-month study period. The primary outcome was change in BMI and secondary outcomes were physical activity assessed using pedometers and constructs from Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) assessed using a questionnaire. Moderation analyses revealed a significant weight status interaction for BMI (p=0.04), indicating stronger intervention effects for youth classified as overweight/obese at baseline. The intervention had a significant effect on resistance training self-efficacy (p<0.001), but none of the SCT constructs satisfied the criteria for mediation. The number of intervention sessions attended was associated with changes in BMI (r=-0.38, p=0.001), resistance training self-efficacy (r=0.42, p<0.001) and physical activity behavioral strategies (r=0.26, p=0.018). Changes in BMI were also associated with changes in resistance training self-efficacy (r=-0.21, p=0.06) and physical activity behavioral strategies (r=-0.29, p=0.009). A school-based intervention incorporating student leadership increased adolescent boys' resistance training self-efficacy, but changes in physical activity were not detected and none of the SCT constructs satisfied the criteria for mediation. Baseline weight status was a moderator of intervention effect with the strongest intervention effects observed among overweight and obese adolescent boys.

The 40-Something randomized controlled trial to prevent weight gain in mid-age women

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 25-10-2013

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1007

A cluster randomised trial to evaluate a physical activity intervention among 3-5 year old children attending long day care services: study protocol

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-09-2010

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-534

Randomised controlled trials in overweight children: Practicalities and realities

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 2007

DOI: 10.1080/17477160601133671

Abstract: To highlight and discuss the practical aspects of conducting high quality, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with overweight and obese children and their families. Realistic considerations and suggestions for researchers arising from the experiences of three Australian interventions in overweight/obese children are highlighted. The practical implications of key issues arising during this type of RCT include study design, obtaining ethical approval, choice of outcome measures, recruitment, working with families, impact and process evaluation, retention strategies, managing multi-site trials and data management. Interventions for overweight children and their families are challenging. Although there were some differences in the design and outcome measures among the three studies, there were many similarities. Multi-site trials, although more expensive than single-site trials, are advantageous in increasing s le size and external validity. Collectively we have developed strategies to address key problems in conducting RCTs, including the common challenges of recruitment, retention and working with families.

Physical Activity and Physical Self-Concept in Youth: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 23-07-2014

DOI: 10.1007/S40279-014-0229-Z

Abstract: Evidence suggests that physical self-concept is associated with physical activity in children and adolescents, but no systematic review of this literature has been conducted. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the strength of associations between physical activity and physical self-concept (general and sub-domains) in children and adolescents. The secondary aim was to examine potential moderators of the association between physical activity and physical self-concept. A systematic search of six electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, ERIC, Web of Science and Scopus) with no date restrictions was conducted. Random effects meta-analyses with correction for measurement were employed. The associations between physical activity and general physical self-concept and sub-domains were explored. A risk of bias assessment was conducted by two reviewers. The search identified 64 studies to be included in the meta-analysis. Thirty-three studies addressed multiple outcomes of general physical self-concept: 28 studies examined general physical self-concept, 59 examined perceived competence, 25 examined perceived fitness, and 55 examined perceived appearance. Perceived competence was most strongly associated with physical activity (r = 0.30, 95% CI 0.24-0.35, p < 0.001), followed by perceived fitness (r = 0.26, 95% CI 0.20-0.32, p < 0.001), general physical self-concept (r = 0.25, 95% CI 0.16-0.34, p < 0.001) and perceived physical appearance (r = 0.12, 95% CI 0.08-0.16, p < 0.001). Sex was a significant moderator for general physical self-concept (p < 0.05), and age was a significant moderator for perceived appearance (p ≤ 0.01) and perceived competence (p < 0.05). No significant moderators were found for perceived fitness. Overall, a significant association has been consistently demonstrated between physical activity and physical self-concept and its various sub-domains in children and adolescents. Age and sex are key moderators of the association between physical activity and physical self-concept.

Pre-service primary school teachers' experiences of physical education

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2013

DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12056

The 40-Something Randomised Controlled Trial improved fruit intake and nutrient density of the diet in mid-age women

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 18-08-2015

DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12215

Australian children lack the basic movement skills to be active and healthy

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 18-07-2013

DOI: 10.1071/HE12920

Effectiveness of web‐based interventions in achieving weight loss and weight loss maintenance in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review with meta‐analysis

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 22-03-2010

DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-789X.2009.00646.X

A Narrative Review of Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: What We Know and What We Need to Find Out

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 22-12-2020

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH18010018

Abstract: Lack of physical activity is a global public health problem causing not only morbidity and premature mortality, but it is also a major economic burden worldwide. One of the cornerstones of a physically active lifestyle is Motor Competence (MC). MC is a complex biocultural attribute and therefore, its study requires a multi-sectoral, multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary approach. MC is a growing area of research, especially in children and adolescents due to its positive association with a plethora of health and developmental outcomes. Many questions, however, remain to be answered in this field of research, with regard to: (i) Health and Developmental-related Associations of MC (ii) Assessment of MC (iii) Prevalence and Trends of MC (iv) Correlates and Determinants of MC (v) MC Interventions, and (vi) Translating MC Research into Practice and Policy. This paper presents a narrative review of the literature, summarizing current knowledge, identifying key research gaps and presenting questions for future investigation on MC in children and adolescents. This is a collaborative effort from the International Motor Competence Network (IMCNetwork) a network of academics and researchers aiming to promote international collaborative research and knowledge translation in the expansive field of MC. The knowledge and deliverables generated by addressing and answering the aforementioned research questions on MC presented in this review have the potential to shape the ways in which researchers and practitioners promote MC and physical activity in children and adolescents across the world.

Establishing Effectiveness of a Community-based, Physical Activity Program for Fathers and Daughters: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 07-07-2021

DOI: 10.1093/ABM/KAAB056

Abstract: The ‘Dads And Daughters Exercising and Empowered’ (DADEE) program significantly improved physical activity levels of fathers and their daughters in an efficacy trial. However, the effectiveness of interventions when delivered in real-world settings needs to be established. To evaluate the effectiveness of the DADEE intervention when delivered in community settings by trained facilitators. We conducted a two-arm RCT, (baseline and 3-months post-intervention assessments), in Newcastle, Australia. In 2016, 155 fathers (27–60 years) and 189 primary-school-aged daughters (4–12 years) (n = 344) were randomly allocated to the intervention (78 fathers, 95 daughters) or waitlist-control (77 fathers, 94 daughters) groups. Trained facilitators delivered the 9-week DADEE program (weekly sessions plus home-based tasks). Primary outcomes were fathers’ and daughters’ physical activity (steps/day). Secondary outcomes included screen-time, weight status, daughters’ fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency, perceived sports competence, and fathers’ parenting practices. Effects were assessed using linear mixed models. Primary outcome follow-up data were collected from 88% of fathers and 89% of daughters. Significant group-by-time differences in mean daily steps were found for fathers’ (adjusted difference = +1,638 95% CI: 833, 2,443, d = 0.7) and daughters’ (adjusted difference = +1,023 steps/day 95% CI: 259, 1,787 d = 0.4) physical activity. Significant effects were observed for daughters’ screen-time, FMS, and some parenting practices. No significant effects were identified for weight status, or fathers’screen-time or self-reported MVPA. Program attendance, satisfaction and fidelity were very high. This study established the effectiveness of the DADEE intervention when delivered in community settings by trained facilitators. Importantly, the findings were comparable to those of the efficacy RCT delivered by the research team. To maximize public health benefits, a larger-scale dissemination of the program appears warranted. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12616001270404 Human Research Ethics Committee: H-2014-0330

Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the 'HEYMAN' healthy lifestyle program for young men: a pilot randomised controlled trial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 13-01-2017

DOI: 10.1186/S12937-017-0227-8

Development and evaluation of social cognitive measures related to adolescent physical activity

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 05-2013

DOI: 10.1123/JPAH.10.4.544

Abstract: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the construct validity and reliability of modernized social cognitive measures relating to physical activity behaviors in adolescents. An instrument was developed based on constructs from Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory and included the following scales: self-efficacy, situation (perceived physical environment), social support, behavioral strategies , and outcome expectations and expectancies . The questionnaire was administered in a s le of 171 adolescents (age = 13.6 ± 1.2 years, females = 61%). Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to examine model-fit for each scale using multiple indices, including chi-square index, comparative-fit index (CFI), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Reliability properties were also examined (ICC and Cronbach’s alpha). Each scale represented a statistically sound measure: fit indices indicated each model to be an adequate-to-exact fit to the data internal consistency was acceptable to good (α = 0.63−0.79) rank order repeatability was strong (ICC = 0.82−0.91). Results support the validity and reliability of social cognitive scales relating to physical activity among adolescents. As such, the developed scales have utility for the identification of potential social cognitive correlates of youth physical activity, mediators of physical activity behavior changes and the testing of theoretical models based on Social Cognitive Theory.

Multi-site randomized controlled trial of a child-centered physical activity program, a parent-centered dietary-modification program, or both in overweight children: The HIKCUPS study

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2010

DOI: 10.1016/J.JPEDS.2010.03.028

Abstract: To evaluate whether a child-centered physical activity program, combined with a parent-centered dietary program, was more efficacious than each treatment alone, in preventing unhealthy weight-gain in overweight children. An assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial involving 165 overweight/obese 5.5- to 9.9- year-old children. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 interventions: a parent-centered dietary program (Diet) a child-centered physical activity program (Activity) or a combination of both (Diet+Activity). All groups received 10 weekly face-to-face sessions followed by 3 monthly relapse-prevention phone calls. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. The primary outcome was change in body mass index z-score at 6 and 12 months (n=114 and 106, respectively). Body mass index z-scores were reduced at 12-months in all groups, with the Diet (mean [95% confidence interval]) (-0.39 [-0.51 to 0.27]) and Diet + Activity (-0.32, [-0.36, -0.23]) groups showing a greater reduction than the Activity group (-0.17 [-0.28, -0.06]) (P=.02). Changes in other outcomes (waist circumference and metabolic profile) were not statistically significant among groups. Relative body weight decreased at 6 months and was sustained at 12 months through treatment with a child-centered physical activity program, a parent-centered dietary program, or both. The greatest effect was achieved when a parent-centered dietary component was included.

Further constraints on variation of the fine-structure constant from alkali-doublet QSO absorption lines

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 11-11-2001

DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-8711.2001.04842.X

Process Evaluation of the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus PULSE Program Randomized Controlled Trial: Recruitment, Engagement, and Overall Satisfaction

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 19-04-2017

DOI: 10.1177/1557988317701783

Abstract: Background: Men are underrepresented in weight loss and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevention studies. Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of recruitment, and acceptability of the T2DM Prevention Using LifeStyle Education (PULSE) Program—a gender-targeted, self-administered intervention for men. Methods: Men (18–65 years, high risk for T2DM) were randomized to intervention ( n = 53) or wait-list control groups ( n = 48). The 6-month PULSE Program intervention focused on weight loss, diet, and exercise for T2DM prevention. A process evaluation questionnaire was administered at 6 months to examine recruitment and selection processes, and acceptability of the intervention’s delivery and content. Associations between self-monitoring and selected outcomes were assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation. Results: A pragmatic recruitment and online screening process was effective in identifying men at high risk of T2DM (prediabetes prevalence 70%). Men reported the trial was appealing because it targeted weight loss, T2DM prevention, and getting fit, and because it was perceived as “doable” and tailored for men. The intervention was considered acceptable, with men reporting high overall satisfaction (83%) and engagement with the various components. Adherence to self-monitoring was poor, with only 13% meeting requisite criteria. However, significant associations were observed between weekly self-monitoring of weight and change in weight ( r s = −.47, p = .004) and waist circumference ( r s = −.38, p = .026). Men reported they would have preferred more intervention contact, for ex le, by phone or email. Conclusions: Gender-targeted, self-administered lifestyle interventions are feasible, appealing, and satisfying for men. Future studies should explore the effects of additional non-face-to-face contact on motivation, accountability, self-monitoring adherence, and program efficacy.

Mediating effects of resistance training skill competency on health-related fitness and physical activity: the ATLAS cluster randomised controlled trial

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 21-07-2015

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1069383

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of resistance training skill competency on percentage of body fat, muscular fitness and physical activity among a s le of adolescent boys participating in a school-based obesity prevention intervention. Participants were 361 adolescent boys taking part in the Active Teen Leaders Avoiding Screen-time (ATLAS) cluster randomised controlled trial: a school-based program targeting the health behaviours of economically disadvantaged adolescent males considered "at-risk" of obesity. Body fat percentage (bioelectrical impedance), muscular fitness (hand grip dynamometry and push-ups), physical activity (accelerometry) and resistance training skill competency were assessed at baseline and post-intervention (i.e., 8 months). Three separate multi-level mediation models were analysed to investigate the potential mediating effects of resistance training skill competency on each of the study outcomes using a product-of-coefficients test. Analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle. The intervention had a significant impact on the resistance training skill competency of the boys, and improvements in skill competency significantly mediated the effect of the intervention on percentage of body fat and the combined muscular fitness score. No significant mediated effects were found for physical activity. Improving resistance training skill competency may be an effective strategy for achieving improvements in body composition and muscular fitness in adolescent boys.

Mediators of weight loss in the 'Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids' pilot study for overweight fathers

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2012

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-45

Twelve-month outcomes of a father–child lifestyle intervention delivered by trained local facilitators in underserved communities: The Healthy Dads Healthy Kids dissemination trial

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 16-05-2019

DOI: 10.1093/TBM/IBZ031

Abstract: Healthy Dads Healthy Kids (HDHK) was the first program internationally to specifically target overweight and obese fathers to improve their children's health. In previous randomized controlled trials, HDHK generated meaningful short-term improvements in the adiposity, physical activity, and eating behaviors of both fathers and children. The aim of this dissemination trial was to evaluate the 12-month impact of HDHK when delivered by trained facilitators across four low socioeconomic and regional communities in the Hunter Region, Australia. The study was a nonrandomized, prospective trial with minimal eligibility criteria (i.e., father body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m2 and children aged 4-12 years). HDHK included eight weekly practical and theoretical sessions. Assessments were baseline, 3 months (post-intervention), 6-months, and 12-months. The primary outcome was fathers' weight. Secondary outcomes included child BMI z-score and validated lifestyle behavior measures (e.g., physical activity, diet). Overall, 189 fathers (mean age: 40.2 years, BMI: 32.6 kg/m2) and 306 children (mean age: 8.1 years) participated in one of 10 HDHK programs in four areas. Intention-to-treat linear mixed models revealed a significant mean reduction in fathers' weight at post-intervention (-3.6 kg, 95% confidence interval: -4.3, -2.9), which was maintained at 12 months (71% retention). Corresponding improvements were also detected in children's BMI z-score and a range of lifestyle behaviors for both fathers and children. Attendance and satisfaction levels were high. Positive intervention effects observed in previous randomized controlled trials were largely replicated and sustained for 12 months when HDHK was delivered by trained local facilitators in underserved communities. Further investigation into the key systems, processes, and contextual factors required to deliver HDHK at scale appears warranted.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels in elementary school physical education lessons.

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2015.11.018

Abstract: To examine elementary school students' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels during physical education (PE) lessons. A systematic search of nine electronic databases was conducted (PROSPERO2014:CRD42014009649). Studies were eligible if they were in English published between 2005-April 2014 assessed MVPA levels in PE lessons of elementary school children (aged four-12years) and used an objective MVPA measure. Two reviewers retrieved articles, assessed risk of bias, and performed data extraction. The findings were synthesised using a meta-analysis. The search yielded 5132 articles. Thirteen studies from nine countries met the inclusion criteria. Eight studies measured MVPA through observational measures, five used accelerometry and one used heart rate monitoring. The percentage of PE lesson time spent in MVPA ranged between 11.4-88.5%. Meta-analysis of seven studies (4 direct observations 4 accelerometers) found that children spent a mean (95% CI) 44.8 (28.2-61.4)% of PE lesson time in MVPA. When measured using direct observation and accelerometers, children spent 57.6 (47.3-68.2) and 32.6 (5.9-59.3)% of PE lesson time in MVPA, respectively. The review has limitations the search strategy was restricted to studies in English theses, dissertations and conference abstracts were excluded and six studies that provided insufficient data were excluded from the meta-analysis. MVPA levels during elementary school PE lessons do not meet the United States Centre for Disease Control and Prevention and the United Kingdom's Association of Physical Education recommendation (50% of lesson time), but is higher than estimated in the previous review (34.2%). Interventions to increase MVPA in PE lessons are needed.

Determinants of weight loss success utilizing a meal replacement plan and/or exercise, in overweight and obese adults with asthma

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-11-2015

DOI: 10.1111/RESP.12423

Abstract: While weight loss has been shown to reduce obesity-related comorbidity, many weight loss treatments fail. Factors that enhance weight loss success are unknown, particularly in those with asthma. The aim of the study was to identify patient characteristics that predict weight loss success in adults with asthma. Baseline and change in asthma characteristics and eating behaviours were investigated for relationships with weight loss and fat loss using multiple linear regression, in 38 overweight and obese adults with asthma randomized to dietary, exercise or combined interventions targeting weight loss for 10 weeks. Mean ± standard deviation weight loss was 6.6 ± 5.1 kg. Greater %weight loss and %fat loss was achieved in those with poorer asthma-related quality of life at baseline ((rs = 0.398, P = 0.015) and (rs = 0.455, P = 0.005) respectively), with 1.7% greater absolute weight loss at week 10 corresponding to each one unit reduction in the asthma-related quality of life score at baseline. Furthermore, a lower baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity correlated with greater weight loss (rs = 0.398, P = 0.015). Male sex was associated with a 3.6 kg greater weight loss (P = 0.087). Reducing emotional eating during the programme was associated with greater weight loss in women (rs = 0.576, P = 0.010). This study demonstrates that in iduals with more severe asthma at baseline are more successful in achieving weight loss, which could be a consequence of greater motivation and could be used as a motivational tool within the clinical setting. Gender tailoring of weight loss programmes may be useful to enhance weight loss success. Future studies are urgently needed to establish predictors of long-term weight loss maintenance in those with asthma.

Effect of a Scalable School-Based Intervention on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children

Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)

Date: 03-05-2021

DOI: 10.1001/JAMAPEDIATRICS.2021.0417

Paternal Lifestyle-Related Parenting Practices Mediate Changes in Children’s Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviors: Findings From the Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids Community Randomized Controlled Trial

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 09-2015

DOI: 10.1123/JPAH.2014-0367

Abstract: This study examined potential parenting-related mediators of children’s physical activity and dietary behavior change in the Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids (HDHK) community program. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 45 overweight/obese (mean [SD] age = 39.8 [5.4] years BMI = 32.4 [3.8]) fathers and their children (n = 77 58% boys mean [SD] age = 7.7 [2.5] years). Families were randomized to either the HDHK program or wait-list control group. The program involved 7 sessions. Fathers and their children were assessed at baseline and at 14 weeks for physical activity (pedometery) and core food intake (Questionnaire). Fathers’ lifestyle-related parenting practices included self-efficacy, beliefs, modeling, logistic support, rules, cophysical activity, shared mealtime frequency and intentions. Significant intervention effects were found for cophysical activity and modeling physical activity. Cophysical activity mediated children’s physical activity in the intervention (‘mediated effect,’ AB = 653, 95% CI = 4–2050) and was responsible for 59.5% of the intervention effect. Fathers’ beliefs mediated children’s percent energy from core foods (AB = 1.51, 95% CI = 0.05–5.55) and accounted for 72.9% of the intervention effect. Participation in the HDHK program positively impacted on fathers’ cophysical activity with their child and beliefs about healthy eating which mediated changes in children’s diet and physical activity behaviors.

Characteristics of Teacher Training in School-Based Physical Education Interventions to Improve Fundamental Movement Skills and/or Physical Activity: A Systematic Review

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 13-06-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S40279-016-0561-6

Abstract: Fundamental movement skill (FMS) competence is positively associated with physical activity (PA). However, levels of both FMS and PA are lower than expected. Current reviews of interventions to improve FMS and PA have shown that many school-based programs have achieved positive outcomes, yet the maintenance of these interventions is variable. Teachers play a central role in the success and longevity of school-based interventions. Despite the importance of teacher engagement, research into the nature and quality of teacher training in school-based PA and FMS interventions has received little attention. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the type and quantity of teacher training in school-based physical education PA and/or FMS interventions, and to identify what role teacher training had on the intervention outcome. A systematic search of eight electronic databases was conducted. Publication date restrictions were not implemented in any database, and the last search was performed on 1 March 2015. School physical education-based interventions facilitated by a school teacher, and that included a quantitative assessment of FMS competence and/or PA levels were included in the review. The search identified 39 articles. Eleven of the studies measured FMS, 25 studies measured PA and three measured both FMS and PA. Nine of the studies did not report on any aspect of the teacher training conducted. Of the 30 studies that reported on teacher training, 25 reported statistically significant intervention results for FMS and/or PA. It appears that teacher training programs: are ≥ 1 day provide comprehensive subject and pedagogy content are framed by a theory or model provide follow-up or ongoing support and measure teacher satisfaction of the training, are more effective at improving student outcomes in FMS and/or PA. However, the provision of information regarding the characteristics of the teacher training was largely inadequate. Therefore, it was difficult to ascertain which teacher training characteristics were most important in relation to intervention effectiveness. It is clear that whilst teachers are capable of making substantial improvements in student outcomes in PA and FMS, the findings of this review suggest the teacher training component of school-based PA and/or FMS interventions is not only under-reported but is under-studied, and, perhaps as a result, the value of teacher training is not widely understood. What remains unclear, due to poor reporting, is what role teacher training is having on these outcomes.

The Impact of a School Garden and Cooking Program on Boys’ and Girls’ Fruit and Vegetable Preferences, Taste Rating, and Intake

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 02-09-2011

DOI: 10.1177/1090198111408301

Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine gender differences in the impact of a school garden and nutrition curriculum on fruit and vegetable intake, willingness to taste, and taste ratings in 127 children (11 to 12 years, 54% boys) in regional New South Wales, Australia. Classes were assigned to wait-list control, nutrition education only (NE), or nutrition education plus garden (NE + G) groups. Carrot taste rating was the only vegetable for which there was a significant gender difference, with girls rating it more highly ( p = .04). There were no significant gender differences in fruit and vegetable consumption or willingness to taste scores for any other vegetables. There was a group effect ( p .001) for overall willingness to taste, overall taste rating, and the taste rating of pea and broccoli ( p .001), tomato ( p = .03), and lettuce ( p = .02). In the post hoc analysis by gender, both boys and girls in NE + G and NE groups were more willing to taste vegetables compared with control boys and girls postintervention ( p .001, p = .02). Boys in the NE + G group were more willing to taste all vegetables overall compared with NE boys at posttest ( p = .05) and this approached significance for girls ( p = .07). For overall tasting scores, a group effect was seen in girls only ( p = .05). No significant treatment-time effect was found for vegetable intake in either gender. Further research is needed to examine whether a school garden, with or without school curriculum components, can be used to optimize fruit and vegetable intakes, particularly in boys.

Use of remote-sensing reflectance to constrain a data assimilating marine biogeochemical model of the Great Barrier Reef.

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Date: 07-12-2016

DOI: 10.5194/BG-13-6441-2016

Abstract: Abstract. Skillful marine biogeochemical (BGC) models are required to understand a range of coastal and global phenomena such as changes in nitrogen and carbon cycles. The refinement of BGC models through the assimilation of variables calculated from observed in-water inherent optical properties (IOPs), such as phytoplankton absorption, is problematic. Empirically derived relationships between IOPs and variables such as chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl a), total suspended solids (TSS) and coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) have been shown to have errors that can exceed 100 % of the observed quantity. These errors are greatest in shallow coastal regions, such as the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), due to the additional signal from bottom reflectance. Rather than assimilate quantities calculated using IOP algorithms, this study demonstrates the advantages of assimilating quantities calculated directly from the less error-prone satellite remote-sensing reflectance (RSR). To assimilate the observed RSR, we use an in-water optical model to produce an equivalent simulated RSR and calculate the mismatch between the observed and simulated quantities to constrain the BGC model with a deterministic ensemble Kalman filter (DEnKF). The traditional assumption that simulated surface Chl a is equivalent to the remotely sensed OC3M estimate of Chl a resulted in a forecast error of approximately 75 %. We show this error can be halved by instead using simulated RSR to constrain the model via the assimilation system. When the analysis and forecast fields from the RSR-based assimilation system are compared with the non-assimilating model, a comparison against independent in situ observations of Chl a, TSS and dissolved inorganic nutrients (NO3, NH4 and DIP) showed that errors are reduced by up to 90 %. In all cases, the assimilation system improves the simulation compared to the non-assimilating model. Our approach allows for the incorporation of vast quantities of remote-sensing observations that have in the past been discarded due to shallow water and/or artefacts introduced by terrestrially derived TSS and CDOM or the lack of a calibrated regional IOP algorithm.

The impact of a workplace-based weight loss program on work-related outcomes in overweight male shift workers

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 02-2012

DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0B013E31824329AB

Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a teacher-facilitated high-intensity interval training intervention for older adolescents

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 02-2019

DOI: 10.1123/PES.2018-0039

Abstract: Purpose : This study was designed to assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a teacher-facilitated high-intensity interval training intervention for older adolescents (ie, 16–18 y). Methods : Two secondary schools from New South Wales, Australia were recruited, and participants (ie, grade 11 students 16.2 [0.4] y) were randomized at the school level to the Burn 2 Learn intervention (n = 38), or a wait-list control group (n = 30). Teachers were trained to facilitate the delivery of the novel high-intensity interval training program, which involved 3 sessions per week (∼12–20 min) for 14 weeks. A range of process measures were used to assess intervention feasibility (ie, recruitment, retention, attendance, and program satisfaction). Primary (cardiorespiratory fitness, determined using the progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run shuttle run test) and secondary outcomes were assessed at baseline and posttest (14-wk). Results : Sixty-eight grade 11 students were recruited at baseline (85% of target s le), 61 participants completed posttest assessments (90% retention) and on average, participants performed 1.9 sessions per week. Overall, teachers (4.0/5) and students (4.0/5) were satisfied with the Burn 2 Learn program. Group by time effects were observed for cardiorespiratory fitness (8.9 laps 95% confidence intervals, 1.7–16.2) and a selection of secondary outcomes. Conclusion : This study provides evidence for the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a teacher-facilitated high-intensity interval training intervention for older adolescents.

Associations between program outcomes and adherence to Social Cognitive Theory tasks: process evaluation of the SHED-IT community weight loss trial for men

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-07-2014

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-014-0089-9

Southern Hemisphere westerlies as a driver of the early deglacial atmospheric CO2 rise

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 27-06-2018

DOI: 10.1038/S41467-018-04876-4

Abstract: The early part of the last deglaciation is characterised by a ~40 ppm atmospheric CO 2 rise occurring in two abrupt phases. The underlying mechanisms driving these increases remain a subject of intense debate. Here, we successfully reproduce changes in CO 2 , δ 13 C and Δ 14 C as recorded by paleo-records during Heinrich stadial 1 (HS1). We show that HS1 CO 2 increase can be explained by enhanced Southern Ocean upwelling of carbon-rich Pacific deep and intermediate waters, resulting from intensified Southern Ocean convection and Southern Hemisphere (SH) westerlies. While enhanced Antarctic Bottom Water formation leads to a millennial CO 2 outgassing, intensified SH westerlies induce a multi-decadal atmospheric CO 2 rise. A strengthening of SH westerlies in a global eddy-permitting ocean model further supports a multi-decadal CO 2 outgassing from the Southern Ocean. Our results highlight the crucial role of SH westerlies in the global climate and carbon cycle system with important implications for future climate projections.

A cluster randomised trial of an intervention to increase the implementation of physical activity practices in secondary schools: study protocol for scaling up the Physical Activity 4 Everyone (PA4E1)

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-07-2019

DOI: 10.1186/S12889-019-6965-0

A randomised controlled trial of multiple periods of outdoor free-play to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among 3 to 6 year old children attending childcare: study protocol

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 02-09-2016

DOI: 10.1186/S12889-016-3604-X

Maternal and paternal parenting practices and their influence on children's adiposity, screen-time, diet and physical activity

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2014.04.010

Abstract: The primary aim of this study was to examine a range of potential behavioral and maternal aternal correlates of adiposity in children. Secondary aims were to examine (a) correlates of screen-time, diet and physical activity and (b) if there were differences in maternal and paternal physical activity- and dietary-related parenting practices. Cross-sectional analysis was conducted using 70 families with children (59% boys (41/70), mean age 8.4 (±2.4) years). Parenting practices were measured using the Parenting Strategies for Eating and Activity Scale. Children's outcomes included: 7-day pedometry (physical activity), screen-time, percent energy from core foods (Food frequency questionnaire) and BMI z-score. Multiple regression models were generated to examine the associations between maternal and paternal parenting practices and children's variables. In the regression analyses, fathers' BMI (p < .01) and mothers' control (p < .001) were significantly associated with child weight status. Fathers' reinforcement (p < .01) was significantly associated with child physical activity. For screen-time, mothers' monitoring (p < .001) and child characteristics [age (p = .01), sex (p = .01), BMI z-score (p = .03)] were significant predictors. Mothers' parenting practices [limit setting (p = .01), reinforcement (p = .02)] and child screen-time (p = .02) were significantly associated with intake of core foods. Despite some similarities within families, three out of five parenting constructs were significantly different between mothers and fathers. Mothers and fathers have different parental influences on their children's weight status and lifestyle behaviors and both should be included in lifestyle interventions targeting children. A focus on maternal parenting specifically relating to screen-time and diet, and father's physical activity parenting and weight status may support their children in developing more healthy behaviors.

Can a teacher-led RCT improve adolescent girls’ physical self-perception and perceived motor competence?

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 08-2018

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1504397

Abstract: Perceived and actual motor competence (MC) influence physical activity (PA) behaviour. Notably, both are lower in girls than in boys. This study aimed to investigate (i) whether a 12-week, teacher-led intervention that improves actual MC (Lander, N., Morgan, P. J., Salmon, J., & Barnett, L. M. (2017). Improving early-adolescent girls' motor skill: A cluster randomized controlled trial.

Childhood Motor Skill Proficiency as a Predictor of Adolescent Physical Activity

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2009

DOI: 10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2008.07.004

Maintaining the Outcomes of a Successful Weight Gain Prevention Intervention in Mid-Age Women: Two Year Results from the 40-Something Randomized Control Trial

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 17-05-2019

DOI: 10.3390/NU11051100

Abstract: Despite the life stage of menopause being identified as a high risk for weight gain, there are few obesity prevention interventions for this target group, and no evidence on maintenance of intervention effects after intervention support is withdrawn. In the 40-Something Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) (ACTRN12611000064909), a five-consultation health professional (dietitian and exercise physiologist) obesity prevention intervention, using motivational interviewing principles (MI) over 12 months, achieved significantly greater weight loss than a self-directed intervention (SDI) (tailored written material) in 54 non-obese (body mass index (BMI): 18.5–29.9 kg/m2), premenopausal women (44–50 years). The aim of the current paper is to report on whether the intervention effects were maintained at two years. Anthropometric, biochemical and health behavior data were collected at baseline, 12 months (end of intervention) and 24 months (end of maintenance period). Forty participants (22 = MI, 18 = SDI) who completed all measures to 12 months were invited to participate in the monitoring phase and 30 (MI = 16, SDI = 14) consented. The primary outcome of weight at 24 months was assessed using intention to treat principles (n = 54), adjusting for baseline weight. The MI group had a significantly lower weight at 24 months (64.6 kg, 95% CI: 63.2, 66.6, p = 0.015) compared with the SDI group (67.3 kg, 95% CI: 65.7, 68.8), and the secondary outcomes of percentage body fat and waist circumference were also significantly lower in the MI group. The low-intensity, health professional weight control intervention utilizing MI principles was more efficacious in maintaining a significant weight loss compared to a self-directed intervention, and both were successful in preventing obesity.

The Nutrition and Enjoyable Activity for Teen Girls (NEAT girls) randomized controlled trial for adolescent girls from disadvantaged secondary schools: rationale, study protocol, and baseline results

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 28-10-2010

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-652

Papás Saludables, Niños Saludables: Perspectives From Hispanic Parents and Children in a Culturally Adapted Father-Focused Obesity Program

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.JNEB.2020.11.006

Objectively measured sedentary behavior, physical activity, and plasma lipids in overweight and obese children

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-2013

DOI: 10.1002/OBY.20005

Abstract: This study examines the associations between objectively measured sedentary behavior, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and plasma lipids in overweight and obese children. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted among 126 children aged 5.5-9.9 years. Sedentary behavior, LPA, and MVPA were assessed using accelerometry. Fasting blood s les were analyzed for plasma lipids (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], total cholesterol [TC], and triglycerides [TG]). MVPA was not related to plasma lipids (P > 0.05). Independent of age, sex, energy intake, and waist circumference z-score, sedentary behavior and LPA were associated with HDL-C (β = -0.23, 95% CI -0.42 to -0.04, P = 0.020 β = 0.20, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.39, P = 0.036, respectively). The strength of the associations remained after additionally adjusting for MVPA (sedentary behavior: β = -0.22, 95% CI -0.44 to 0.006, P = 0.056 LPA: β = 0.19, 95% CI -0.005 to 0.38, P = 0.056, respectively). Substituting at least LPA for sedentary time may contribute to the development of healthy HDL-C levels among overweight and obese children, independent of their adiposity. Comprehensive prevention and treatment strategies to improve plasma HDL-C among overweight and obese children should target reductions in total sedentary time and promote the benefits of LPA, in addition to promoting healthy levels of adiposity, healthy dietary behaviors, and MVPA.

Process Evaluation of the Hunter Illawarra Kids Challenge Using Parent Support Study: A Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial for the Management of Child Obesity

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 21-01-2010

DOI: 10.1177/1524839908328994

Abstract: The purposes of this article are to (a) outline findings from secondary or process outcome data of the Hunter Illawarra Kids Challenge Using Parent Support (HIKCUPS) study and (b) inform the design and development of future research interventions and practice in the management of child obesity. Data were collected by means of facilitator evaluations, independent session observation, attendance records, and parent questionnaires. Internal validity and reliability of the program delivery were high. All parents reported positive changes in their children as a result of the physical activity program, the dietary modification program, or both. Most participants completed the home activities, but more than half reported that finding time to do them was problematic. Facilitator review indicated that future programs should specifically cater to children of similar age or same sex, allow adequate time for explanation of complex nutritional concepts, and use intrinsic motivators for participants. Recommendations for future interventions, specifically the implementation of subsequent HIKCUPS or other multisite effectiveness studies, are detailed.

School-based physical activity intervention for older adolescents: Rationale and study protocol for the Burn 2 Learn cluster randomised controlled trial

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 05-2019

DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2018-026029

Abstract: This trial aims to investigate the impact of a school-based physical activity programme, involving high-intensity interval training (HIIT), on the physical, mental and cognitive health of senior school students. The Burn 2 Learn (B2L) intervention will be evaluated using a two-arm parallel group cluster randomised controlled trial with allocation occurring at the school level (to treatment or wait-list control). Schools will be recruited in two cohorts from New South Wales, Australia. The trial will aim to recruit ~720 senior school students (aged 16–18 years) from 20 secondary schools (ie, 10 schools per cohort). A range of implementation strategies will be provided to teachers (eg, training, equipment and support) to facilitate the delivery of HIIT sessions during scheduled classes. In phase I and II (3 months each), teachers will facilitate the delivery of at least two HIIT sessions/week during lesson-time. In phase III (6 months), students will be encouraged to complete sessions outside of lesson-time (teachers may continue to facilitate the delivery of B2L sessions during lesson-time). Study outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 6 months (primary end point) and 12 months. Cardiorespiratory fitness (shuttle run test) is the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include: vigorous physical activity, muscular fitness, cognition and mental health. A subs le of students will (i) provide hair s les to determine their accumulated exposure to stressful events and (ii) undergo multimodal MRI to examine brain structure and function. A process evaluation will be conducted (ie, recruitment, retention, attendance and programme satisfaction). This study has received approval from the University of Newcastle (H-2016–0424) and the NSW Department of Education (SERAP: 2017116) human research ethics committees. ACTRN12618000293268 Pre-results.

Guidelines for the selection of physical literacy measures in physical education in Australia

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 04-2019

DOI: 10.1123/JTPE.2018-0219

Abstract: Assessment of physical literacy poses a dilemma of what instrument to use. There is currently no guide regarding the suitability of common assessment approaches. The purpose of this brief communication is to provide a user’s guide for selecting physical literacy assessment instruments appropriate for use in school physical education and sport settings. Although recommendations regarding specific instruments are not provided, the guide offers information about key attributes and considerations for the use. A decision flow chart has been developed to assist teachers and affiliated school practitioners to select appropriate methods of assessing physical literacy. School physical education and sport scenarios are presented to illustrate this process. It is important that practitioners are empowered to select the most appropriate instrument/s to suit their needs.

Targeting multiple health risk behaviours among vocational education students using electronic feedback and online and telephone support: protocol for a cluster randomised trial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 13-06-2015

DOI: 10.1186/S12889-015-1898-8

The SHED-IT community trial: A randomized controlled trial of internet- and paper-based weight loss programs tailored for overweight and obese men

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 06-11-2013

DOI: 10.1007/S12160-012-9424-Z

Abstract: There is limited evidence for effective obesity treatment programs that engage men. This study evaluated the efficacy of two gender-tailored weight loss interventions for men, which required no face-to-face contact. This was a three-arm, randomized controlled trial: (1) Resources (n = 54), gender-tailored weight loss materials (DVD, handbooks, pedometer, tape measure) (2) Online (n = 53), Resources materials plus study website and e-feedback and (3) Wait-list control (n = 52). The interventions lasted 3 months and were grounded in Social Cognitive Theory. At 6 months, significantly greater weight loss was observed for the Online (-4.7 kg 95 % CI -6.1, -3.2) and Resources (-3.7 kg 95 % CI -4.9, -2.5) groups compared to the control (-0.5 kg 95 % CI -1.4, 0.4). Additionally, both intervention groups significantly improved body mass index, percent body fat, waist circumference, blood pressure, physical activity, quality of life, alcohol risk, and portion size, compared to controls. Men achieved significant weight loss after receiving novel, minimal-contact, gender-tailored programs, which were designed for widespread dissemination.

Dietary Outcomes of the Healthy Dads Healthy Kids Randomised Controlled Trial

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 10-2012

DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0B013E318259AEE6

Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids UK, a weight management programme for fathers: feasibility RCT

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 12-2019

DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2019-033534

Abstract: To assess (1) the feasibility of delivering a culturally adapted weight management programme, Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids United Kingdom (HDHK-UK), for fathers with overweight or obesity and their primary school-aged children, and (2) the feasibility of conducting a definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT). A two-arm, randomised feasibility trial with a mixed-methods process evaluation. Socioeconomically disadvantaged, ethnically erse localities in West Midlands, UK. Fathers with overweight or obesity and their children aged 4–11 years. Participants were randomised in a 1:2 ratio to control (family voucher for a leisure centre) or intervention comprising 9 weekly healthy lifestyle group sessions. Feasibility of the intervention and RCT was assessed according to prespecified progression criteria: study recruitment, consent and follow-up, ability to deliver intervention, intervention fidelity, adherence and acceptability, weight loss, using questionnaires and measurements at baseline, 3 and 6 months, and through qualitative interviews. The study recruited 43 men, 48% of the target s le size the mean body mass index was 30.2 kg/m 2 (SD 5.1) 61% were from a minority ethnic group and 54% were from communities in the most disadvantaged quintile for socioeconomic deprivation. Recruitment was challenging. Retention at follow-up of 3 and 6 months was 63%. Identifying delivery sites and appropriately skilled and trained programme facilitators proved difficult. Four programmes were delivered in leisure centres and community venues. Of the 29 intervention participants, 20 (69%) attended the intervention at least once, of whom 75% attended ≥5 sessions. Sessions were delivered with high fidelity. Participants rated sessions as ‘good/very good’ and reported lifestyle behavioural change. Weight loss at 6 months in the intervention group (n=17) was 2.9 kg (95% CI −5.1 to −0.6). The intervention was well received, but there were significant challenges in recruitment, programme delivery and follow-up. The HDHK-UK study was not considered feasible for progression to a full RCT based on prespecified stop–go criteria. ISRCTN16724454 .

Efficacy of Web-Based Weight Loss Maintenance Programs: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Standard Features Versus the Addition of Enhanced Personalized Feedback over 12 Months

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 08-11-2017

DOI: 10.3390/BS7040076

Nitrate Sources, Supply, and Phytoplankton Growth in the Great Australian Bight: An Eulerian-Lagrangian Modeling Approach

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Date: 02-2018

DOI: 10.1002/2017JC013542

Possible evidence for a variable fine-structure constant from QSO absorption lines: systematic errors

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 11-11-2001

DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-8711.2001.04841.X

Video game genre preference, physical activity and screen‐time in adolescent boys from low‐income communities

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 15-10-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.ADOLESCENCE.2014.09.012

Abstract: The primary aim of this study was to examine the association between the types of video games played by adolescent boys and their participation in physical activity and recreational screen‐time. Participants were 320 boys (mean age = 12.7, ±0.5 years) from 14 secondary schools located in low‐income areas of New South Wales, Australia. Outcomes included height, weight, physical activity (accelerometers), total screen‐time, and video game genre preference. Significant differences in both weekday and weekend screen‐time were found between video game genre groups. In addition, significant differences in overall activity and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity were found between genre groups on weekdays. Between‐group differences in physical activity on weekends were not statistically significant. This cross‐sectional study has demonstrated that video game genre preference is associated with physical activity and screen‐time in adolescent boys from low‐income communities.

Efficacy of a gender‐tailored intervention to prevent weight regain in men over 3 years: A weight loss maintenance RCT

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 07-12-2016

DOI: 10.1002/OBY.21696

Abstract: To examine whether a gender-tailored weight loss maintenance (WLM) program could reduce men's weight regain following weight loss. Ninety-two men who lost at least 4 kg during a 3-month weight loss phase were randomized to receive: (i) a 6-month WLM program (WL + WLM n = 47) or (ii) no resources (WL-only n = 45). The WLM program included written materials and messages (SMS, video email) plus other resources (e.g., pedometer, Gymstick™). The primary outcome was weight change in the first year post-randomization. Participants were assessed at "-3 months" (preweight loss), "0 months" (randomization into the WLM Phase), "6 months," "1 year," and "3 years." Before randomization, participants lost a mean (SD) of 7.3 kg (2.5). Retention was 83% at 6 months and 1 year and 71% at 3 years. Intention-to-treat analysis detected a significant group × time difference in weight regain favoring the intervention group at 6 months (-1.9 kg, 95% CI -3.7 to -0.1) but not at 1- or 3-year follow-up. Three years after completing the original weight loss program the WL-only and WL + WLM groups had maintained 59% and 51% of their initial weight loss, respectively. Men with overweight/obesity demonstrated clinically meaningful WLM 3 years after successfully losing weight. An additional WLM program contributed to enhanced WLM effects in the short term only. (ACTRN12612000749808).

The Health Benefits of Muscular Fitness for Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-2014

DOI: 10.1007/S40279-014-0196-4

Abstract: Physical fitness during childhood and adolescence has been identified as an important determinant of current and future health status. While research has traditionally focused on the association between cardio-respiratory fitness and health outcomes, the association between muscular fitness (MF) and health status has recently received increased attention. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the potential physiological and psychological benefits associated with MF among children and adolescents. A systematic search of six electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, EMBASE, PsycINFO and OVID MEDLINE) was performed on the 20th May, 2013. Cross-sectional, longitudinal and experimental studies that quantitatively examined the association between MF and potential health benefits among children and adolescents were included. The search yielded 110 eligible studies, encompassing six health outcomes (i.e., adiposity, bone health, cardiovascular disease [CVD] and metabolic risk factors, musculoskeletal pain, psychological health and cognitive ability). The percentage of studies reporting statistically significant associations between MF and the outcome of interest was used to determine the strength of the evidence for an association and additional coding was conducted to account for risk of bias. Meta-analyses were also performed to determine the pooled effect size if there were at least three studies providing standardised coefficients. Strong evidence was found for an inverse association between MF and total and central adiposity, and CVD and metabolic risk factors. The pooled effect size for the relationship between MF and adiposity was r = -0.25 (95% CI -0.41 to -0.08). Strong evidence was also found for a positive association between MF and bone health and self-esteem. The pooled effect size for the relationship between MF and perceived sports competence was r = 0.39 (95% CI 0.34-0.45). The evidence for an association between MF and musculoskeletal pain and cognitive ability was inconsistent/uncertain. Where evidence of an association was found, the associations were generally low to moderate. The findings of this review highlight the importance of developing MF in youth for a number of health-related benefits.

Impact of self-help weight loss resources with or without online support on the dietary intake of overweight and obese men: The SHED-IT randomised controlled trial

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.ORCP.2013.09.004

Abstract: Obese men are more likely to have poor dietary patterns compared to women, increasing diet-related chronic disease risk. The impact of a male-only weight loss intervention on dietary intakes is under-evaluated. The aim was to determine whether overweight/obese men randomised to self-help paper-based resources with or without online support, achieved greater improvements in diet compared with Wait-list controls at 3 and 6 months following a gender tailored weight-loss intervention. Dietary intake was assessed using a 120-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), in a secondary analysis of a three-arm weight loss RCT grounded in Social Cognitive Theory (1) RESOURCES: gender-tailored weight loss resources (DVD, handbooks, pedometer, tape measure) (2) Online: resources plus website and efeedback, (3) Wait-list control. Energy, total fat, saturated fat, and carbohydrate intakes decreased in the online group, which differed significantly from controls at 3- and 6-month follow-up (P 0.05). In the online group there was an increase in %energy from core foods and decrease in %energy from energy-dense nutrient-poor foods (P<0.05) that was significantly different compared to controls at 3 and 6 months (P<0.05). Results suggest that men randomised to the SHED-IT intervention arms were able to implement key dietary messages up to 6 months compared to controls. Future interventions should include targeted and gender-tailored messages as a strategy to improve men's dietary intake within weight loss interventions.

Are gender-stereotyped attitudes and beliefs in fathers and daughters associated with girls’ perceived motor competence?

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 06-06-2022

DOI: 10.1080/17408989.2022.2083097

A Test of Social Cognitive Theory to Explain Men’s Physical Activity During a Gender-Tailored Weight Loss Program

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 07-07-2016

DOI: 10.1177/1557988315600063

Abstract: Physical inactivity is a leading contributor to the burden of disease in men. Social–cognitive theories may improve physical activity (PA) interventions by identifying which variables to target to maximize intervention impact. This study tested the utility of Bandura’s social cognitive theory (SCT) to explain men’s PA during a 3-month weight loss program. Participants were 204 overweight/obese men ( M [ SD] age = 46.6 [11.3] years body mass index = 33.1 [3.5] kg/m 2 ). A longitudinal, latent variable structural equation model tested the associations between SCT constructs (i.e., self-efficacy, outcome expectations, intention, and social support) and self-reported moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and examined the total PA variance explained by SCT. After controlling for Time 1 cognitions and behavior, the model fit the data well (χ 2 = 73.9, degrees of freedom = 39, p .001 normed χ 2 = 1.9 comparative fit index = 0.96 standardized root mean residual = 0.059) and explained 65% of the variance in MVPA at Time 2. At Time 2, self-efficacy demonstrated the largest direct and total effects on MVPA (β direct = .45, p .001 β total = .67, p = .002). A small-to-medium effect was observed from intention to MVPA, but not from outcome expectations or social support. This study provides some evidence supporting the tenets of SCT when examining PA behavior in overweight and obese men. Future PA and weight loss interventions for men may benefit by targeting self-efficacy and intention, but the utility of targeting social support and outcome expectations requires further examination.

Improving Early Adolescent Girls’ Motor Skill

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 12-2017

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001382

Social, psychological and behavioural correlates of pedometer step counts in a sample of Australian adolescents

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2009

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2007.06.010

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine potential correlates of objectively measured physical activity among a s le of Australian adolescents. Participants were 119 14-15 year old students from three secondary schools. Students wore pedometers for 4 consecutive school days and completed questionnaires assessing demographic, social, psychological and behavioural correlates of physical activity. Mean steps/day were 11,865 (+/-3997) for boys (n=47) and 9466 (+/-3195) for girls (n=72). Approximately one-third of boys (32%) and girls (33%) satisfied existing step recommendations (girls 11,000 steps/day and boys 13,000 steps/day). In the first instance, the relationship between factors and physical activity was assessed using bivariate correlation. Enjoyment of physical activity (r=0.37, p<0.05), use of self-management strategies (r=0.33, p<0.05) and perceived barriers (r=-0.39, p<0.05) were significantly related to mean steps/day among boys. Peer support (r=0.26, p<0.05) and the use of self-management strategies (r=0.30, p<0.05) were significantly associated with mean steps/day for girls. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that gender, peer support, self-management strategies and perceived barriers accounted for 16% of the variance in mean steps/day. This study has identified a number of potentially modifiable correlates of objectively measured physical activity in s le of Australian adolescents.

Efficacy of a free-play intervention to increase physical activity during childcare: a randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 15-11-2018

DOI: 10.1093/HER/CYY041

Abstract: The primary aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a childcare-based intervention in increasing child physical activity by allowing children unrestricted access to outdoor areas for free-play when structured activity is not taking place. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in six childcare services. Intervention services provided children unrestricted access outdoors for active free-play, while control services provided their usual scheduled periods of outdoor play. Consent was obtained from 231 children. Child moderate to vigorous activity (MVPA), the primary trial outcome, was assessed via accelerometer at baseline and 3 months post baseline. Intervention effects were examined using Generalised Linear Mixed Models. Controlling for child age, gender and baseline outcome measure, at follow-up there were no significant differences between groups in minutes of MVPA in-care (mean difference: 4.85 95% CI: -3.96, 13.66 P = 0.28), proportion of wear time in-care spent in MVPA (mean difference: 1.52% 95% CI: -0.50, 3.53 P = 0.14) or total physical activity in-care (mean difference in counts per minute: 23.18 95% CI: -4.26, 50.61 P = 0.10), nor on measures of child cognition (P = 0.45-0.91). It was concluded that interventions addressing multiple aspects of the childcare and home environment might provide the greatest potential to improve child physical activity.

Improving the fitness and physical activity levels of primary school children: Results of the Fit-4-Fun group randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2012.10.019

Abstract: To evaluate the impact of a multi-component school-based physical activity intervention (Fit-4-Fun) on health-related fitness and objectively measured physical activity in primary school children. Four Hunter primary schools were recruited in April, 2011 and randomized by school into treatment or control conditions. Participants included 213 children (mean age = 10.72 years ± 0.6 52.2% female) with the treatment group (n = 118) completing the 8-week Fit-4-Fun Program. Participants were assessed at baseline and 6-month follow-up, with a 91% retention rate. Cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) (20 m shuttle run) was the primary outcome, and secondary outcomes included body composition (BMI, BMI(Z)), muscular fitness (7-stage sit-up test, push-up test, basketball throw test, Standing Jump), flexibility (sit and reach) and physical activity (7 days pedometry). After 6-months, significant treatment effects were found for CRF (adjusted mean difference, 1.14 levels, p < 0.001), body composition (BMI mean, -0.96 kg/m(2), p < 0.001 and BMI z-score mean -0.47 z-scores, p < 0.001), flexibility (sit and reach mean, 1.52 cm, p = 0.0013), muscular fitness (sit-ups) (mean 0.62 stages, p = 0.003) and physical activity (mean, 3253 steps/day, p < 0.001). There were no group by time effects for the other muscular fitness measures. A primary school-based intervention focusing on fitness education significantly improved health-related fitness and physical activity levels in children.

Promoting physical activity among adolescent girls: the Girls in Sport group randomized trial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 21-06-2017

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-017-0535-6

The ‘Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids’ community randomized controlled trial: A community-based healthy lifestyle program for fathers and their children

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2013.12.019

Abstract: To evaluate the effectiveness of the 'Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids (HDHK)' program when delivered by trained facilitators in community settings. A two-arm randomized controlled trial of 93 overweight/obese fathers (mean [SD] age=40.3 [5.3] years BMI=32.5 [3.8] kg/m(2)) and their primary school-aged children (n=132) from the Hunter Region, Australia. In 2010-2011, families were randomized to either: (i) HDHK intervention (n=48 fathers, n=72 children) or (ii) wait-list control group. The 7-week intervention included seven sessions and resources (booklets, pedometers). Assessments were held at baseline and 14-weeks with fathers' weight (kg) as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes for fathers and children included waist, BMI, blood pressure, resting heart rate, physical activity (pedometry), and self-reported dietary intake and sedentary behaviors. Linear mixed models (intention-to-treat) revealed significant between-group differences for fathers' weight (P<.001, d=0.24), with HDHK fathers losing more weight (-3.3 kg 95%CI, -4.3, -2.4) than control fathers (0.1 kg 95%CI, -0.9,1.0). Significant treatment effects (P<.05) were also found for fathers' waist (d=0.41), BMI (d=0.26), resting heart rate (d=0.59), energy intake (d=0.49) and physical activity (d=0.46) and for children's physical activity (d=0.50) and adiposity (d=0.07). HDHK significantly improved health outcomes and behaviors in fathers and children, providing evidence for program effectiveness when delivered in a community setting.

The Aussie-FIT process evaluation: feasibility and acceptability of a weight loss intervention for men, delivered in Australian Football League settings

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 09-03-2021

DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1890730

Abstract: This process evaluation aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of Aussie-FIT, a group-based weight loss intervention for men with overweight and obesity in Australia. Process data and data collected from: (1) six-participant focus groups ( We explored the feasibility and acceptability of program setting and context, recruitment strategies, factors impacting implementation and mechanisms of impact. Recruitment via Australian Football League (AFL) clubs was highly effective 426 men expressed interest within 3 days of advertising, 130 men took part. Program attendance was not consistently recorded by coaches. Coach interviews indicated a 'core group of men' participated in each session (typically 10-12 of 15 men). Program delivery proved feasible in the AFL context. Program acceptability and satisfaction were high. Internalisation of autonomous motives was identified as driving behaviour change. Behaviour change to support maintained weight loss was facilitated through habit formation, goal setting and effective management of multiple goals. Aussie-FIT sets a blueprint for future weight loss interventions that utilise behaviour change strategies and principles of self-determined motivation to support men to lose weight. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12617000515392. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Participants in an online weight loss program can improve diet quality during weight loss: a randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-08-2014

DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-82

The importance of long-term follow-up in child and adolescent obesity prevention interventions

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 08-2011

DOI: 10.3109/17477166.2011.575155

Young Men’s Preferences for Design and Delivery of Physical Activity and Nutrition Interventions: A Mixed-Methods Study

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 04-07-2017

DOI: 10.1177/1557988317714141

Abstract: Young adult men are under-represented in health research, and little is known about how to reach and engage them in lifestyle interventions. This mixed-methods study aimed to explore young males’ preferences for recruitment strategies, content, format (delivery mode and program duration and frequency), and facilitator characteristics for future physical activity and nutrition interventions. Ten focus groups involving 61 men (aged 18–25 years) in the Hunter region, New South Wales, Australia and an online survey distributed within Australia were completed by 282 males (aged 18–25 years). Key focus group themes included a preference for recruitment via multiple sources, ensuring images and recruiters were relatable intervention facilitators to be engaging and refrain from discussing negative consequences of being unhealthy. Key program content preferences included skill development and in idualized goals and feedback. Focus groups and the survey confirmed a preference for multiple delivery modes, including face-to-face (group and in idual), with support using eHealth technologies. Survey results confirmed the most favored program content as: “healthy eating on a budget,” “quick and easy meals,” and “resistance training.” Focus group responses suggested a program duration of ≥6 months, with 2–3 combined face-to-face and supportive eHealth sessions per week. Survey intervention duration preference was 3 months with 4 face-to-face sessions per month. Findings can guide the design, conduct, and evaluation of relevant contemporary physical activity and or nutrition interventions for young men. There is a need to identify the most effective ways to address young men’s in idual preferences in intervention research.

Impact of a Father–Daughter Physical Activity Intervention: An Exploration of Fathers’ Experiences

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 02-10-2020

DOI: 10.1007/S10826-020-01837-8

Dietary outcomes of overweight fathers and their children in the Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids community randomised controlled trial

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 23-02-2018

DOI: 10.1111/JHN.12543

Abstract: Few studies have examined dietary intake changes following a weight loss intervention in fathers and the association between father-child dietary intakes. The present study aimed to: (i) evaluate the change in dietary intake in overweight fathers randomised to a family-based lifestyle intervention [Healthy Dads Healthy Kids (HDHK)] versus controls and (ii) investigate whether an association exists between father-child dietary intakes. A secondary analysis was conducted of father-child baseline and 3-month post-intervention data (n = 93) collected in the HDHK community randomised controlled trial. Intention-to-treat linear mixed models were used to assess dietary changes by group, time (baseline and 3-month) and the group-by-time interaction. Cohens d was used to determine effect sizes. Significant group-by-time effects (all P < 0.05) favouring fathers in the intervention group were identified for total daily energy intake (-1956 kJ, d = 0.74), total sugars (-45 g, d = 0.63), sodium (-414 mg, d = 0.58) and % energy from nutrient-dense, core foods (+10.1%, d = 0.86), fruit (+2.4%, d = 0.71), vegetarian protein sources (+1.2%, d = 0.57), pre-packed snacks (+1.7%, d = 0.58) and sugar-sweetened beverages (-4.1%, d = 0.58). At baseline, positive correlations were observed between father-child intakes for a number of dietary variables, and significant correlations were observed between father-child change scores for % energy carbohydrate (r = 0.35, P = 0.023), % energy from fruit (r = 0.47, P = 0.002), vegetarian protein sources (r = 0.46, P = 0.002) and frequency of consuming meals with vegetables (r = 0.38, P = 0.012). The HDHK intervention successfully improved some aspects of father's dietary intakes compared to controls. The fathers' eating patterns also correlated with those of their children for several dietary variables. These novel data suggest that fathers can be targeted as agents of dietary change within obesity prevention and treatment programmes.

Impact of an extra-curricular school sport programme on determinants of objectively measured physical activity among adolescents

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 12-2008

DOI: 10.1177/0017896908097072

Abstract: Objective The purpose of this study was to identify potential determinants of objectively measured physical activity in the Learning to Enjoy Activity with Friends (LEAF) study. Design This study involved a quasi-experimental design and students ( N = 116) were assigned to an intervention group ( n = 50) or a comparison group ( n = 66) for a period of eight weeks. Setting Three secondary schools (grades 7—12) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia were involved in the study. Method At baseline and immediately following the intervention, students wore pedometers for four consecutive days and completed questionnaires assessing potential determinants of physical activity. At baseline, participants were classified using existing step recommendations, as low-active (girls 11,000, boys 13,000) or active (girls ≥ 11,000, boys ≥ 13,000) and the effects of the intervention on potential determinants were assessed using these subgroups. Subgroups were compared at baseline using independent s les t-tests and intervention effects were compared at post-test using linear regression (controlling for baseline measures). Results Although the intervention had a statistically significant effect on physical activity among in iduals classified as low-active at baseline, the intervention did not impact upon potential determinants of physical activity. Conclusion Short-term changes in physical activity identified in the LEAF intervention were not mediated by changes in hypothesized determinants.

Young adult males' motivators and perceived barriers towards eating healthily and being active: A qualitative study

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 15-07-2015

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-015-0257-6

Improvements in fundamental movement skill competency mediate the effect of the SCORES intervention on physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in children

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 26-02-2015

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1017734

Abstract: Numerous studies have identified a positive association between fundamental movement skill (FMS) competency and physical activity in children however, the causal pathways have not been established. The aim of this study is to determine if changes in FMS competency mediated the effect of the Supporting Children's Outcomes using Rewards, Exercise and Skills (SCORES) intervention on physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in children. Eight primary schools (25 classes) and 460 children (aged 8.5 ± 0.6, 54% girls) were randomised to the SCORES intervention or control group for the 12-month study. The outcomes were accelerometer-determined moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness. The hypothesised mediators were actual FMS competency and perceived sport competence. Mediation analyses were conducted using multilevel linear analysis in MPlus. From the original s le, 138 (30.0%) and 370 (80.4%) children provided useable physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness data at post-test assessments. There were significant treatment effects for locomotor skills and overall FMSs. Changes in MVPA were associated with changes in object-control skills, overall FMSs and perceived competence. The overall FMSs had a significant mediating effect on MVPA (AB = 2.09, CI = 0.01-4.55). Overall FMSs (AB = 1.19, CI = 0.002-2.79) and locomotor skills (AB = 0.74, CI = 0.01-1.69) had a significant mediating effect on cardiorespiratory fitness. The results of this study conclude that actual but not perceived movement skill competency mediated the effect of the SCORES intervention on physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness.

Supporting Our Lifelong Engagement: Mothers and Teens Exercising (SOLE MATES); a feasibility trial

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 10-11-2019

DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2019.1688446

Abstract: This study aimed to examine the feasibility of the Supporting Our Lifelong Engagement Mothers and Teens Exercising (

Young people’s perceptions of the objective physical activity monitoring process: A qualitative exploration

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 07-11-2017

DOI: 10.1177/0017896917734576

Abstract: To explore young people’s perceptions of pedometers and investigate behaviours exhibited while being monitored. Qualitative design using six focus groups with participants (mean age 14.7 years). Study participants ( n = 24) were randomly selected from a previous study of 123 young people aged 14–15 years from three secondary schools in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Participants wore pedometers (Yamax CW700) and accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X+) simultaneously for 7 days. Accelerometer output was used to categorise participants into one of six focus groups (three boys groups and three girls groups): (1) low active ( minutes moderate to vigorous physical activity [MVPA]/day), (2) medium active (30–60 minutes MVPA/day), and (3) high active (≥60 minutes MVPA/day). Participants were questioned on their perceptions of the monitoring process and the behaviours that they exhibited while wearing pedometers. A hybrid approach to data analysis identified key concepts, which were thematically analysed. The two main themes identified were (1) participants’ perceptions of the monitoring process and (2) behaviour exhibited while being monitored. Overall, participants’ attitudes towards objective monitoring were positive. A large proportion reported changing their levels of physical activity during the monitoring process, and 87.5% of focus group participants reported shaking their pedometers to increase their step counts. The medium and high active groups reported changing their activity patterns more than the low active groups. Our findings are consistent with previous quantitative studies that suggest reactivity and t ering are commonplace among young people. Pedometers may have more utility as an intervention strategy for increasing activity rather than as a method for assessing habitual activity levels.

Involvement of Fathers in Pediatric Obesity Treatment and Prevention Trials: A Systematic Review

Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)

Date: 27-01-2017

DOI: 10.1542/PEDS.2016-2635

Outcomes and process evaluation of a programme integrating physical activity into the primary school mathematics curriculum: The EASY Minds pilot randomised controlled trial

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2014.09.005

Abstract: This study evaluated the feasibility of the 'Encouraging Activity to Stimulate Young (EASY) Minds' programme, a school-based intervention for integrating physical activity (PA) into mathematics lessons. Randomised controlled trial. Two classes from a single school (n = 54) were randomised to receive either the 6-week EASY Minds intervention (n = 27) or follow their usual school programme (n = 27). The intervention involved the embedding of PA across the pre-existing mathematics programme for 3 × 60 min sessions per week. Changes in PA were measured using accelerometers and 'on task' behaviour was measured using momentary time s ling observation. Using intention-to-treat analysis, significant intervention effects were found for MVPA (9.7%, 95%CI = 7.6, 11.8, p ≤ 0.001) and sedentary time (-22.4%, CI = -24.9, -12.2, p ≤ 0.001) for the intervention group during Mathematics lessons (9.30 am-10.30 am). Significant intervention effects were also shown for MVPA 8.7% (95% CI = 5.8, 11.6, p ≤ 0.001 and sedentary time -18.6% (95% CI = -24.9, -12.2, p ≤ 0.001) across the whole school day. Furthermore, children displayed significantly greater 'on-task' behaviour across the intervention period with a 19.9% (95%CI = 2.4, 37.4, p ≤ 0.03) mean difference between groups. The EASY Minds programme demonstrated that integrating movement across the primary mathematics syllabus is feasible and efficacious in enhancing school based-PA and improving on-task behaviour in mathematics lessons.

School-based obesity prevention interventions: Practicalities and considerations

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.ORCP.2013.10.004

Abstract: Pediatric obesity continues to be a major public health concern. Once established it is difficult to treat, therefore well-designed and evaluated prevention interventions are vitally important. Schools have an important role in the prevention of childhood obesity, however, their involvement can be limited by a number of constraints and barriers, which need to be considered when designing interventions. Members of the Prevention Stream of the Australasian Child and Adolescent Obesity Research Network have extensive experience in implementing and evaluating school-based obesity prevention initiatives. Based on their collective experience and evidence from implementation research, the aim of this paper was to highlight six areas to consider when designing, implementing and evaluating obesity prevention initiatives in schools. Further, this paper aimed to provide guidance for overcoming some of the challenges and barriers faced in school-based obesity prevention research. The six key areas discussed include: design and analysis school-community engagement planning and recruitment evaluation implementation and feedback and sustainability.

Scale-up of the Physical Activity 4 Everyone (PA4E1) intervention in secondary schools: 24-month implementation and cost outcomes from a cluster randomised controlled trial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 23-10-2021

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-021-01206-8

Abstract: Physical Activity 4 Everyone (PA4E1) is an evidence-based program effective at increasing adolescent physical activity (PA) and improving weight status. This study aimed to determine a) the effectiveness of an adapted implementation intervention to scale-up PA4E1 at 24-month follow-up, b) fidelity and reach, and c) the cost and cost-effectiveness of the implementation support intervention. A cluster randomised controlled trial using a type III hybrid implementation-effectiveness design in 49 lower socio-economic secondary schools, randomised to a program ( n = 24) or control group ( n = 25). An adapted implementation intervention consisting of seven strategies was developed to support schools to implement PA4E1 over 24-months. The primary outcome was the proportion of schools implementing at least four of the 7 PA practices, assessed via computer assisted telephone interviews (CATI) with Head Physical Education Teachers. Secondary outcomes included the mean number of PA practices implemented, fidelity and reach, cost and cost-effectiveness. Logistic regression models assessed program effects. At baseline, no schools implemented four of the 7 PA practices. At 24-months, significantly more schools in the program group (16/23, 69.6%) implemented at least four of the 7 PA practices than the control group (0/25, 0%) ( p 0.001). At 24-months, program schools were implementing an average of 3.6 more practices than control schools (4.1 (1.7) vs. 0.5 (0.8), respectively) ( P 0.001). Fidelity and reach of the implementation intervention were high ( 75%). The total cost of the program was $415,112 AUD (2018) ($17,296 per school $117.30 per student). The adapted implementation intervention provides policy makers and researchers with an effective and potentially cost-effective model for scaling-up the delivery of PA4E1 in secondary schools. Further assessment of sustainability is warranted. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000681358 prospectively registered 12th May 2017.

Effect of a Time-Efficient Physical Activity Intervention on Senior School Students’ On-Task Behaviour and Subjective Vitality: the ‘Burn 2 Learn’ Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 17-06-2020

DOI: 10.1007/S10648-020-09537-X

Changes to dietary intake during a 12-week commercial web-based weight loss program: a randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 16-10-2013

DOI: 10.1038/EJCN.2013.194

Abstract: The primary aim of this secondary analysis was to compare changes in dietary intake among participants randomized to two versions of a 12-week commercial web-based weight loss program (basic or enhanced) with a waiting-list control. An additional investigation compared changes in dietary intake of successful participants (weight loss ≥5%) with those not successful. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline and 12 weeks using a validated 120-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Adults (n=268, 60% female participants, body mass index 32.1 ± 3.9) classified as plausible reporters of energy intake were included in the analyses. Analysis of covariance with baseline observations carried forward for drop-outs (n=38) was used. The basic and enhanced groups significantly increased their percentage of energy contribution from fruits and reduced energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods compared with controls (P<0.001). Successful participants (n=49) reported superior improvements in dietary intake including greater reductions in the mean daily energy intake (P<0.001), the percentage of energy from energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods (-12.0% E vs -4.3% E, P<0.001) and greater increases in the energy contribution from fruits (P<0.001), vegetables (P=0.003) and breads/cereals (P=0.02). Use of a commercial web-based weight loss program facilitated some improvements in the dietary intake. The enhanced web-based tools appeared not to have generated greater improvements in reported dietary intake, compared with the basic or control groups. Those who achieved a weight loss of ≥5% improved their dietary intake in line with the program recommendations and dietary guidelines. Further research to determine web-based components that may improve success and the reasons why programs are successful for some participants is required.

Maternal Correlates of Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Girls

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 20-06-2015

DOI: 10.1007/S10995-015-1752-8

Abstract: Given the low levels of physical activity in girls, improving our understanding of the factors associated with girls' physical activity is important. In particular, exploring maternal correlates of girls' physical activity for both generations is important, given the paucity of research in this area. The primary aim of this study was to assess maternal correlates of objectively-measured physical activity in girls. A cross-sectional design was used to assess 40 girls [mean age 8.8 years mean body mass index (BMI) z-score = 0.7] and their mothers (mean age 39.1 years mean BMI = 27.6) prior to an intervention. Maternal correlates of daughters' accelerometer-assessed physical activity were evaluated. Daughters' outcomes included: % moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), counts per minute (CPM) and % sedentary behavior (SED), screen time (mother-proxy) and BMI z-score (objectively measured). Maternal correlates included demographic, anthropometric, behavioral, activity-related parenting practices, and physical activity cognitions. Correlates were examined using regression models. For daughters' % MVPA, mothers' beliefs was significant in the final model (R(2) = 0.14 P = 0.01). For daughters' CPM, mothers' logistic support (P = 0.03), mothers' CPM (P = 0.02) and outcome expectations (P = 0.01) were all significant (R(2) = 0.24). For daughters' % SED, mothers' logistic support (P = 0.02) was significant (R(2) = 0.11). A number of maternal behaviors, social-cognitive and parenting correlates were found to be significantly associated with daughters' physical activity. Experimental studies are warranted, targeting mothers as the primary agents of change to increase physical activity among girls.

Intervention effects and mediators of well-being in a school-based physical activity program for adolescents: The ‘Resistance Training for Teens’ cluster RCT

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.MHPA.2018.08.002

Determining the Initial Predictive Validity of the Lifelong Physical Activity Skills Battery

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 12-2018

DOI: 10.1123/JMLD.2017-0036

Abstract: Participation in lifelong physical activities, such as yoga, golf, tennis, or running, are common endeavors in adolescence and adulthood. However, there is a lack of understanding of how competent in iduals are in the skills needed for these activities and how competency in these skills relates to physical activity and fitness. This study aimed to determine the initial predictive validity of the Lifelong Physical Activity Skills Battery related to physical activity and health-related fitness. One-hundred and nine adolescents from four schools (55 males, 54 females M age = 15.82 years, SD = 0.37 years) completed: demographic information (survey), height (stadiometer), weight (digital scale), motor skill assessment (jog, grapevine, squat, push-up, upward dog, warrior one, tennis forehand, golf swing), health-related fitness (standing long jump, back-saver sit and reach, 3-min submaximal step test, 90° push-up test), and physical activity (GENEActiv accelerometers). Correlations and multiple regression models were conducted in SPSS version 24.0. Motor competence was associated with muscular fitness (standing long jump, β = 0.24, p = .002 push-ups, β = 0.42, p .001), cardiorespiratory fitness (β = 0.21, p = .031), and flexibility (β = 0.23, p = .025), but not physical activity (β = 0.17, p = .154) or body mass index (β = −0.05, p = .622). Motor competence has a stronger association with health-related fitness parameters rather than physical activity.

Comparability and feasibility of wrist- and hip-worn accelerometers in free-living adolescents

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2017.04.017

Abstract: To determine the comparability and feasibility of wrist- and hip-worn accelerometers among free-living adolescents. 89 adolescents (age=13-14years old) from eight secondary schools in New South Wales (NSW), Australia wore wrist-worn GENEActiv and hip-worn ActiGraph (GT3X+) accelerometers simultaneously for seven days and completed an accelerometry behavior questionnaire. Bivariate correlations between the wrist- and hip-worn out-put were used to determine concurrent validity. Paired s les t-test were used to compare minutes per day in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Group means and paired s le t-tests were used to analyze participants' perceptions of the wrist- and hip-worn monitoring protocols to assist with determining the feasibility. Wrist-worn accelerometry compared favorably with the hip-worn in average activity (r=0.88, p<0.001) and MVPA (r=0.84 p<0.001, mean difference=3.54min/day, SD=12.37). The wrist-worn accelerometer had 50% fewer non-valid days (75 days, 12%) than the hip-worn accelerometer (n=152, 24.4%). Participants reported they liked to wear the device on the wrist (p<0.01), and that it was less uncomfortable (p=0.02) and less embarrassing to wear on the wrist (p<0.01). Furthermore, that they would be more willing to wear the device again on the wrist over the hip (p<0.01). Our findings reveal there is a strong linear relationship between wrist- and hip-worn accelerometer out-put among adolescents in free-living conditions. Adolescent compliance was significantly higher with wrist placement, with participants reporting that it was more comfortable and less embarrassing to wear on the wrist.

Behavioral Mediators of Weight Loss in the SHED-IT Community Randomized Controlled Trial for Overweight and Obese Men

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 24-10-2014

DOI: 10.1007/S12160-014-9657-0

Abstract: Little is known about which behavioral strategies are most important to target in weight loss interventions for men. The aim of the current study was to identify behavioral mediators of weight loss in the male-only Self-Help, Exercise, and Diet using Information Technology (SHED-IT) community weight loss study. A randomized controlled trial with 159 overweight/obese men [mean (SD) age = 47.5 (11.0) years body mass index = 32.7 (3.5) kg/m(2)] assessed at baseline, 3 months (post-test) and 6 months (follow-up). In an intention-to-treat, multiple-mediator model, the significant intervention effect on weight at 6 months (-3.70 kg p < 0.001) was mediated by increases in physical activity (steps/day) and decreases in takeaway meals (kJ/day) and portion size at 3 months. The largest mediation effect was for physical activity (-0.6 kg 95 % confidence interval -1.4, -0.1). Overall, the targeted mediators accounted for 47.0 % of the intervention's effect on weight. Step counts, takeaway food consumption, and portion sizes may be key areas to target in future weight loss programs for men (ACTRN12610000699066).

Efficacy of Standard Versus Enhanced Features in a Web-Based Commercial Weight-Loss Program for Obese Adults, Part 2: Randomized Controlled Trial

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 22-07-2013

DOI: 10.2196/JMIR.2626

Can a web‐based food record accurately assess energy intake in overweight and obese women? A pilot study

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 17-03-2013

DOI: 10.1111/JHN.12094

Abstract: Innovative dietary intake measurement tools, such as web-based food records, are becoming increasingly available for self-monitoring. However, the accuracy of this method has not been well studied. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of energy intake (EI) estimated by a web-based food record, by comparison with total energy expenditure (TEE) measured by doubly-labelled water (DLW) in overweight and obese women. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was assessed in weight stable (±1 kg) women (n = 9), with a mean (SD) age of 34.5 (11.3) years and body mass index of 29.2 (1.4) kg m(-2) over 10 days using the DLW technique. All food and beverages were self-reported for 9-days using a web-based food record and mean daily EI calculated. Food record accuracy was assessed by calculating the absolute (EI - TEE) and percentage (EI/TEE × 100) differences between EI and TEE. Women were identified as under-reporters of EI based on the 95% confidence limits of the expected EI : TEE of 1. The mean (SD) self-reported EI was 8351 (1225) kJ day(-1) [1996 (293) kcal day(-1) ] and TEE was 10 648 (1774) kJ day(-1) [2545 (424) kcal day(-1) ]. The mean (SD) absolute difference in self-reported EI and TEE was -2301 (1535) kJ day(-1) [-550 (367) kcal day(-1) ], representing a mean reporting accuracy of 79.6% (14.1%), with four participants under-reporting EI. This pilot study highlights the opportunity for the use of the Internet as a novel medium for recording and assessing dietary intake. Although further research is needed in more erse population groups, the accuracy of web-based food records for assessing EI appears to be consistent with other published dietary intake methods.

Effect of a Gender-Tailored eHealth Weight Loss Program on the Depressive Symptoms of Overweight and Obese Men: Pre-Post Study (Preprint)

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 08-09-2017

DOI: 10.2196/PREPRINTS.8920

Abstract: besity and depression are of two of the largest contributors to the global burden of disease in men. Although lifestyle behavior change programs can improve participants’ weight and depressive symptoms, the evidence is limited by a lack of male participants and a reliance on face-to-face treatment approaches, which are not accessible or appealing for many men. his study examined the effect of a gender-tailored electronic health (eHealth) program on the depressive symptoms of a community s le of overweight and obese men with or without depression. A secondary aim was to determine whether the eHealth, self-directed format of the program was a feasible and acceptable treatment approach for the subgroup of men with depression at baseline. n total, 209 overweight/obese men from the Hunter Region of Australia were assessed before and after completing a self-administered eHealth weight loss program over 3 months. To increase engagement, most program elements were socio-culturally targeted to appeal specifically to men and included printed materials, a DVD, motivational text messages, online- or app-based self-monitoring, and other weight loss tools (eg, pedometer). Depressive symptoms were measured with the validated 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). Program feasibility and acceptability were assessed with a process questionnaire plus recruitment and retention rates. Changes in depressive symptoms and weight were examined using intention-to-treat linear mixed models, adjusted for the centered baseline score and other covariates. Effect sizes were estimated with Cohen’s d. t baseline, the mean weight and age of the s le was 105.7 kg (standard deviation [SD] 14.0) and 46.6 years (SD 11.3), respectively. Overall, 36 men (36/209, 17.2%) were experiencing depression (PHQ-8 score ≥10). Retention rates were comparable between men with and without depression (32/36, 88.9% vs 145/173, 83.8% P=.44). At posttest, depressive symptoms had reduced by 1.8 units (95% CI 1.3 to 2.3 P .001 d=0.5) for the whole s le. These improvements were particularly notable in the subgroup of men with depression (-5.5 units P .001 d=1.0) and 72.2% (26/36) of this subgroup no longer met the criterion for depression at posttest. A corresponding, albeit smaller, intervention effect on depressive symptoms was also observed in men without depression (-1.0 units P .001 d=0.4). The overall intervention effect on weight was -4.7 kg (d=1.3), which did not vary significantly by depression status. Program acceptability, feasibility, and online engagement metrics were also comparable between men with and without depression. gender-tailored eHealth lifestyle program generated short-term improvements in the mental health of overweight and obese men, particularly for men with depression at baseline. Despite receiving no personalized support, men with depression reported high levels of satisfaction and engagement with the program. As such, a longer-term controlled trial testing an adapted version of the program for this subgroup is warranted. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12612000749808 www.anzctr.org.au/ Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=362575 (Archived by WebCite at wJvbRsNW)

Effects of Integrating Pedometers, Parental Materials, and E-mail Support Within an Extracurricular School Sport Intervention

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2009

DOI: 10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2008.06.020

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a school-based intervention (Program X) incorporating pedometers and e-mail support on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and healthy eating in adolescents. A randomized control trial was used to evaluate the impact of the Program X intervention. Six schools (N = 124 participants mean age 14.1 +/- .8 years) were randomized to intervention or control conditions for the 6-month study period. Objectively recorded physical activity (mean steps/day), self-reported sedentary behavior, and dietary habits were measured at baseline and at 6-month follow-up and intervention effects were assessed using repeated-measures analysis of variance and chi(2) tests. Participants in the intervention group increased their step counts by 956 +/- 4107 steps/day (boys) and 999 +/- 1999 (girls). Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significant group-by-time interactions for boys (F = 7.4, p = .01, d = .80) and girls (F = 29.6, p <.001, d = 1.27) for mean steps/day. The intervention significantly decreased the number of energy-dense/low-nutrient snacks consumed by boys (chi(2) = 4.0, p = .043) and increased the number of fruit serves among girls (chi(2) = 4.8, p = .028). The intervention did not have a statistically significant effect on sedentary behavior. A school-based intervention incorporating physical activity monitoring using pedometers and e-mail support was successful in promoting physical activity and selected healthy eating behaviors in adolescent boys and girls.

The impact of child and adolescent obesity treatment interventions on physical activity: A systematic review

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 28-07-2010

DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-789X.2009.00625.X

Calculations of the relativistic effects in many-electron atoms and space-time variation of fundamental constants

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 1999

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVA.59.230

The SHED-IT Weight Loss Maintenance trial protocol: A randomised controlled trial of a weight loss maintenance program for overweight and obese men

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.CCT.2013.11.004

Abstract: Despite short-term efficacy, many weight loss studies demonstrate poor long-term results and have difficulty recruiting men. Cost-effective treatments that help men achieve long-term weight loss are required. Using a two-phase, assessor-blinded, parallel-group randomised controlled trial design this study will test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a male-only weight loss maintenance intervention. In Phase I (3 months) 209 men received the SHED-IT Weight Loss Program. In Phase II (12 months) 92 men who lost 4 kg or more were randomised to either (i) a maintenance group who received the 6-month, gender-tailored SHED-IT Weight Loss Maintenance Program, which included no face-to-face contact (n = 47), or (ii) a self-help control group (n = 45). Randomisation was stratified by weight loss (4 kg-7.4 kg, ≥7.5 kg) and BMI (<30 kg/m(2), ≥30 kg/m(2)). Assessments occurred at 'study entry' (start of Phase I), 'baseline' (start of Phase II), '6 months' (post-test) and will occur at '12 months' (follow-up primary endpoint). The primary outcome is weight change in Phase II (i.e. from 'baseline' at 12 months after randomization). Secondary outcomes include waist circumference (umbilicus and narrowest), blood pressure, body composition, objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time, portion size, dietary intake, quality of life, depressive symptoms, and behavioural cognitions. Costing data will be collected for cost-effectiveness analysis. Generalised linear mixed models (intention-to-treat) will assess outcomes for treatment (maintenance vs. control), time (baseline, 6-month and 12-month) and the treatment-by-time interaction. This will be the first study to evaluate a male-only, gender-targeted weight loss maintenance program. Results will provide evidence regarding feasible and theoretically-driven obesity treatments for men with potential for long-term impact and widespread dissemination. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12612000749808).

Improving physical self‐perception in adolescent boys from disadvantaged schools: psychological outcomes from the Physical Activity Leaders randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 10-04-2012

DOI: 10.1111/J.2047-6310.2012.00050.X

Abstract: To evaluate the effect of a school-based obesity prevention programme on physical self-perception and key physical-activity related cognitions in adolescent boys from disadvantaged secondary schools. A secondary objective was to determine if any psychological changes were associated with improved weight status. Participants (n = 100, age = 14.3[0.6]) were randomized to the PALS (Physical Activity Leaders) intervention (n = 50) or a control group (n = 50) and assessed at baseline, 3- and 6-month follow up. Measures included BMI, BMI z-score and % body fat (bioelectrical impedance analysis). Students also completed the Children's Physical Self-Perception Profile and a physical activity-related cognitions questionnaire. The findings include secondary data analyses. Relative to the controls, the PALS group significantly increased their physical self worth (p = .01), perceived physical condition (p = .02), resistance training self efficacy (p < .001) and their use of physical activity behavioural strategies (p = .02). A school-based obesity prevention programme that targeted leadership skills improved psychological health in the physical domain in adolescent boys from disadvantaged schools.

Rationale and study protocol for the ‘Active Teen Leaders Avoiding Screen-time’ (ATLAS) group randomized controlled trial: An obesity prevention intervention for adolescent boys from schools in low-in

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.CCT.2013.11.008

Abstract: The negative consequences of unhealthy weight gain and the high likelihood of pediatric obesity tracking into adulthood highlight the importance of targeting youth who are 'at risk' of obesity. The aim of this paper is to report the rationale and study protocol for the 'Active Teen Leaders Avoiding Screen-time' (ATLAS) obesity prevention intervention for adolescent boys living in low-income communities. The ATLAS intervention will be evaluated using a cluster randomized controlled trial in 14 secondary schools in the state of New South Wales (NSW), Australia (2012 to 2014). ATLAS is an 8-month multi-component, school-based program informed by self-determination theory and social cognitive theory. The intervention consists of teacher professional development, enhanced school-sport sessions, researcher-led seminars, lunch-time physical activity mentoring sessions, pedometers for self-monitoring, provision of equipment to schools, parental newsletters, and a smartphone application and website. Assessments were conducted at baseline and will be completed again at 9- and 18-months from baseline. Primary outcomes are body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Secondary outcomes include BMI z-scores, body fat (bioelectrical impedance analysis), physical activity (accelerometers), muscular fitness (grip strength and push-ups), screen-time, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, resistance training skill competency, daytime sleepiness, subjective well-being, physical self-perception, pathological video gaming, and aggression. Hypothesized mediators of behavior change will also be explored. ATLAS is an innovative school-based intervention designed to improve the health behaviors and related outcomes of adolescent males in low-income communities.

Psychological, social and physical environmental mediators of the SCORES intervention on physical activity among children living in low-income communities

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHSPORT.2017.05.001

Does motivational interviewing align with international scope of practice, professional competency standards, and best practice guidelinesin dietetics practice?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.JAND.2013.12.023

Perceived sports competence mediates the relationship between childhood motor skill proficiency and adolescent physical activity and fitness: a longitudinal assessment

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2008

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-5-40

EFFECTS OF A PRESEASON INTERVENTION ON ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SEMIPROFESSIONAL RUGBY LEAGUE PLAYERS

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 02-2011

DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0B013E3181BF43EB

Compliance to step count and vegetable serve recommendations mediates weight gain prevention in mid-age, premenopausal women. Findings of the 40-Something RCT

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2014.07.020

Abstract: The 40-Something RCT aimed to determine if a 12-month health professional-led intervention could modify diet and physical activity behaviour for obesity prevention, in 44-50 year old, non-obese (BMI = 18.5-29.9 kg/m(2)) premenopausal women. Women were monitored for an additional 12 months to determine if effects could be maintained. This paper aimed to explore dietary and physical activity behavioural mediators hypothesised to be causally associated with weight change. Fifty-four women were randomised to a Motivational Interviewing Intervention (MI) (n = 28 five health professional consultations) or a Self-Directed Intervention (n = 26 written advice). Compliance to 10 study recommendations was measured at three months by a four-day weighed food and physical activity record including pedometer-measured step counts, self-reported exercise minutes and sitting time. The 10 compliance scores were independently assessed in mediation models for 12- and 24-month weight change. The MI effect on step count was an increase of 0.99 points on the 10-point compliance scale (p ≤ 0.01). This MI effect on step count significantly mediated the 12 and 24 month effect on weight (12 months AB = -0.74, 95%CI = -1.95, -0.14 24 months AB = -1.06, 95% CI = -2.56, -0.36), accounting for 37.23% and 53.79% of the effect, respectively. The MI effect on vegetable serves was an increase of 1.50 points on the compliance scale (p = 0.02). The MI effect on vegetable compliance significantly mediated the effect on weight at 24 months (AB = -0.54, 95% CI = -1.50, -0.04), accounting for 24.92% of the effect. The remaining eight dietary and physical activity compliance scores did not significantly mediate weight loss. Encouraging women to take 10,000 steps and eat five vegetable serves per day may be a promising strategy to achieve long-term weight control at mid-life.

A systematic review of the validity and reliability of sedentary behaviour measures used with children and adolescents

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 16-06-2011

DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-789X.2011.00896.X

Efficacy of a Multi-component m-Health Weight-loss Intervention in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 26-08-2020

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH17176200

Abstract: Background: This study compared the efficacy of two multi-component m-health interventions with a wait-list control group on body weight (primary outcome), and secondary outcomes of cardiovascular risk factors, lifestyle behaviours, and mental health. Methods: Three-arm randomised controlled trial (Enhanced: physical activity, diet, sleep, Traditional: physical activity, diet, Control) with assessments conducted at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Participants (n = 116) were overweight or obese adults aged 19–65 (M = 44.5 [SD = 10.5]). The 6-month intervention was delivered via a smartphone app providing educational materials, goal-setting, self-monitoring and feedback, and also included one face-to-face dietary consultation, a Fitbit and scales. The trial was prospectively registered and conducted between May 2017 and September 2018. Group differences on primary and secondary outcomes were examined between the Pooled Intervention groups (Pooled Intervention = Enhanced and Traditional) and Control groups, and then between Enhanced and Traditional groups. Results: Nineteen participants (16.4%) formally withdrew from the trial. Compared with the Control group, average body weight of the Pooled Intervention group did not differ at 6 (between-group difference = −0.92, (95% CI −3.33, 1.48)) or 12 months (0.00, (95% CI −2.62, 2.62)). Compared with the Control group, the Pooled Intervention group significantly increased resistance training (OR = 7.83, (95% CI 1.08, 56.63)) and reduced energy intake at 6 months (−1037.03, (−2028.84, −45.22)), and improved insomnia symptoms at 12 months (−2.59, (−4.79, −0.39)). Compared with the Traditional group, the Enhanced group had increased waist circumferences (2.69, (0.20, 5.18)) and sedentary time at 6 months (105.66, (30.83, 180.48)), and improved bed time variability at 12 months (−1.08, (−1.86, −0.29)). No other significant differences were observed between groups. Conclusions: Relative to Controls, the Pooled Intervention groups did not differ on body weight but improved resistance training, and reduced energy intake and insomnia symptom severity. No additional weight loss was apparent when targeting improvements in physical activity, diet and sleep in combination compared with physical activity and diet.

Movement-based Mathematics: Enjoyment and Engagement without Compromising Learning through the EASY Minds Program

Publisher: Modestum Publishing Ltd

Date: 03-04-2017

DOI: 10.12973/EURASIA.2017.00690A

The Association between Children’s and Parents’ Co-TV Viewing and Their Total Screen Time in Six European Countries: Cross-Sectional Data from the Feel4diabetes-Study

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 21-11-2018

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH15112599

Abstract: In many European children, high levels of screen time can be found, which is associated with several adverse health outcomes. Therefore, there is a need for identifying effective intervention strategies that reduce screen time in children. A factor that may contribute to excessive screen time in children may be “co-TV viewing” (i.e., the time that parents and children spend on watching TV together), as parents often recognize the importance of limiting children’s (in idual) screen time, but often encourage TV viewing as a family because of its perceived benefits (e.g., educational purposes). The primary aim of this study was to investigate the (sex-specific) association between co-TV viewing and both children’s and parents’ screen time, and these associations were investigated across and within six European countries. In total, 10,969 parents (Meanage = 40.7 ± 5.3 years, MeanBMI = 24.4 ± 4.6) of primary school children (Meanage = 8.2 ± 1.0 years, 49.0% boys, MeanBMI = 17.3 ± 2.8) completed a questionnaire assessing co-TV viewing and screen time. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted. Across countries, positive associations were found between co-TV viewing and both children’s (β = 11.85, SE = 3.69, p 0.001) and parents’ screen time (β = 14.47, SE = 4.43, p = 0.001). Similar associations were found in most (but not all) countries. The results suggest that targeting co-TV viewing might be a promising intervention strategy because of its potential to limit screen time of both children and parents.

A systematic review of studies using pedometers to promote physical activity among youth

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2009

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2009.02.014

Abstract: While pedometers have an important role to play in the promotion of lifestyle activity among adults, less known is regarding their impact on behavior among youth (i.e. children and adolescents). The primary aim of this review was to identify the effectiveness of pedometers in promoting physical activity among youth. Secondary aims were to assess the quality of existing studies and examine the different ways that pedometers have been used to promote activity. A systematic search of six electronic databases was conducted using combinations of the following key words 'physical activity', 'walking', 'intervention', 'promotion', 'evaluation', and 'pedometer'. The quality of the studies was assessed against predetermined criteria. Our search identified 14 studies, of which 12 resulted in increases in physical activity. Three studies used pedometers as open-loop feedback mechanisms to increase physical activity by making access to sedentary activities contingent on achieving activity targets. Ten studies used pedometers for self-monitoring and one study incorporated pedometers into an integrated school curriculum. Pedometers have been used successfully in a variety of ways to promote activity among youth. Since there are so few studies at this time, there is le need and opportunity to contribute to the knowledge base.

A Reverse Pathway? Actual and Perceived Skill Proficiency and Physical Activity

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 05-2011

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0B013E3181FDFADD

Social cognitive theory and physical activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 07-10-2014

DOI: 10.1111/OBR.12225

Abstract: This review investigated three research questions (i) What is the utility of social cognitive theory (SCT) to explain physical activity (PA)? (ii) Is the effectiveness of SCT moderated by s le or methodological characteristics? and (iii) What is the frequency of significant associations between the core SCT constructs and PA? Ten electronic databases were searched with no date or s le restrictions. Forty-four studies were retrieved containing 55 SCT models of PA. Methodological quality was assessed using a standardized tool. A random-effects meta-analysis revealed that SCT accounted for 31% of the variance in PA. However, methodological quality was mostly poor for these models. Methodological quality and s le age moderated the PA effect size, with increases in both associated with greater variance explained. Although self-efficacy and goals were consistently associated with PA, outcome expectations and socio-structural factors were not. This review determined that SCT is a useful framework to explain PA behaviour. Higher quality models explained more PA variance, but overall methodological quality was poor. As such, high-quality studies examining the utility of SCT to explain PA are warranted.

Mediators of Psychological Well-being in Adolescent Boys

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2015.10.010

Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of the Active Teen Leaders Avoiding Screen-time (ATLAS) intervention on psychological well-being in adolescent boys and to examine the potential mediating mechanisms that might explain this effect. ATLAS was evaluated using a cluster randomized controlled trial in 14 secondary schools located in low-income communities (N = 361 adolescent boys, mean age = 12.7 ± .5 years). The 20-week intervention was guided by self-determination theory and involved: professional development for teachers, provision of fitness equipment to schools, enhanced school sport sessions, researcher-led seminars, a smartphone application, and parental strategies for reducing screen time. Assessments were conducted at baseline and immediately post intervention (8 months). Psychological well-being was measured using the Flourishing Scale. Motivational regulations (intrinsic, identified, introjected, controlled, and amotivation) and basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) in school sport, muscular fitness, resistance training skill competency, and recreational screen time were examined as potential mediating mechanisms of the intervention effect. The intervention effect on well-being was small but statistically significant. Within a multiple mediator model, changes in autonomy needs satisfaction, recreational screen time, and muscular fitness significantly mediated the effect of the intervention on psychological well-being. In addition to the physical health benefits, targeted physical activity programs for adolescent boys may have utility for mental health promotion through the mechanisms of increasing autonomy support and muscular fitness and reducing screen time.

An 8-Week Web-Based Weight Loss Challenge With Celebrity Endorsement and Enhanced Social Support: Observational Study

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 04-07-2013

DOI: 10.2196/JMIR.2540

Efficacy of a workplace-based weight loss program for overweight male shift workers: The Workplace POWER (Preventing Obesity Without Eating like a Rabbit) randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2011

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2011.01.031

Abstract: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a workplace-based weight loss program (Workplace POWER-WP) for male shift workers. A prospective, two-armed randomized controlled trial of 110 overweight/obese (BMI 25-40) (mean [SD] age = 44.4 [8.6] years BMI = 30.5 [3.6]) male employees at Tomago Aluminium aged 18-65. In October (2009) men were randomized to either (i) WP program (n=65) or (ii) a 14-week wait-list control group (n=45). The 3-month program involved one information session, program booklets, group-based financial incentives and an online component. Men were assessed at baseline and at 14-week follow-up for weight (primary outcome), waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure, resting heart rate, self-reported physical activity and dietary variables, and physical activity and dietary cognitions. Intention-to-treat analysis using linear mixed models revealed significant between group differences for weight loss after 14 weeks (P < .001, Cohen's d = 0.34). Significant intervention effects were also found for waist circumference (P < .001, d = 0.63), BMI (P < .001, d = 0.41), systolic blood pressure (P = .02, d = 0.48), resting heart rate (P < .001, d = 0.81), physical activity (P = .03, d = 0.77), sweetened beverages (P < .02, d = 0.5-0.6) and physical activity-related cognitions (P < .02, d=0.6). The WP program was feasible and efficacious and resulted in significant weight loss and improved health-related outcomes and behaviours in overweight male shift workers.

Rationale and study protocol of the EASY Minds (Encouraging Activity to Stimulate Young Minds) program: cluster randomized controlled trial of a primary school-based physical activity integration prog

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-08-2014

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-816

Evaluation of an extra-curricular school sport programme promoting lifestyle and lifetime activity for adolescents

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 03-2008

DOI: 10.1080/02640410701624549

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an extra-curricular school sport programme to promote physical activity among adolescents. One hundred and sixteen students (mean age 14.2 years, s = 0.5) were assigned to an intervention (n = 50) or comparison group (n = 66). The 8-week intervention involved structured exercise activities and information sessions. Four days of pedometer monitoring and time spent in non-organized physical activity and sedentary behaviours were measured at baseline and post-test. At baseline, participants were classified using steps per day as low-active (girls <11,000, boys or = 11,000, boys > or = 13,000) and the effects of the intervention were assessed using these subgroups. Adolescents in the intervention group classified as low-active at baseline increased their step counts across the 8-week intervention (baseline: 7716 steps/day, s = 1751 post-test: 10,301 steps/day, s = 4410 P < 0.05) and accumulated significantly more steps (P < 0.05) than their peers in the comparison group (baseline: 8414 steps/day, s = 2460 post-test: 8248 steps/day, s = 3674 P = 0.879). The results of the present study provide further evidence that physical activity monitoring using pedometers is an effective strategy for increasing activity among low-active adolescents.

A qualitative study of the drivers of socioeconomic inequalities in men's eating behaviours 11 Medical and Health Sciences 1117 Public Health and Health Services 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences 1701 Psychology

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 14-11-2018

DOI: 10.1186/S12889-018-6162-6

Attitudes and Beliefs of Nonspecialist and Specialist Trainee Health and Physical Education Teachers Toward Obese Children: Evidence for “Anti‐Fat” Bias

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 22-07-2015

DOI: 10.1111/JOSH.12287

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the beliefs and attitudes of preservice health and physical education (HPE) specialist and nonspecialist schoolteachers toward obese children. A total of 177 nonspecialist and 62 HPE specialist trainee teachers completed a series of pen-and-paper validated measures of attitudes and beliefs toward obese children. Both groups of preservice teachers reported strong implicit and moderate explicit anti-fat bias. Enrollment in the HPE specialist degree was found to be a significant predictor of both implicit bad/good anti-fat bias (β = 3.97, p = .002) and implicit bias on the stupid/smart scale (β = 2.983, p = .016) of the IAT. Beliefs that obese children were less healthy, more self-conscious, and less satisfied with themselves were strongly endorsed by the majority of participants. HPE specialists were found to have significantly lower expectations for obese children in regard to "reasoning" (mean difference = 0.21, p = .0107) and "cooperation" skills (mean difference = 0.25, p = .0354) compared to nonspecialist trainees. This study is the first to document the strong anti-fat bias of both preservice nonspecialist and HPE specialist teachers. It is also the first to find that preservice HPE specialist teachers have stronger anti-fat biases and differential expectations regarding particular abilities of obese children, compared to nonspecialists.

Effectiveness of male-only weight loss and weight loss maintenance interventions: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 28-12-2012

DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-789X.2011.00967.X

Development and evaluation of the Motivation to Limit Screen-time Questionnaire (MLSQ) for adolescents

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2013.07.023

Abstract: The aim of this study was to design and evaluate a brief scale to assess adolescents' motivation to limit their screen-time using a self-determination theory (SDT) framework. The development and evaluation of the Motivation to Limit Screen-time Questionnaire (MLSQ) involved three phases. In Phase 1, experts in SDT were asked to review the content validity of the MLSQ items. In Phase 2, adolescent boys (N=342, mean age=12.7 ±.5 years) completed the MLSQ and the factorial validity of the model was explored. In Phase 3, adolescent boys (N=48, mean age=14.3 ± 1.3 years) completed the MLSQ on two occasions separated by 1-week. Phases 2 and 3 were conducted in New South Wales, Australia in 2012. Twenty four SDT experts reviewed the original scale items. Validity coefficients associated with six of the original eight items exceeded the threshold value (V>.68, p<.01). In Phase 2, the revised three-factor (9-items) model provided a good fit to the data (SRMR=.07, CFI=.96). The intraclass correlation (ICC) values were .67 for amotivation and .70 and .82 for controlled and autonomous motivation, respectively. This study has provided preliminary evidence for the validity and reliability of the MLSQ in adolescent boys.

The Physical Activity 4 Everyone Cluster Randomized Trial

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2016.02.020

Abstract: Few interventions have been successful in reducing the physical activity decline typically observed among adolescents. The aim of this paper is to report the 24-month effectiveness of a multicomponent school-based intervention (Physical Activity 4 Everyone) in reducing the decline in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among secondary school students in disadvantaged areas of New South Wales, Australia. A cluster RCT was conducted in five intervention and five control schools with follow-up measures taken at 24 months post-randomization. The trial was undertaken within secondary schools located in disadvantaged communities in New South Wales, Australia. A multicomponent school-based intervention based on the Health Promoting Schools Framework was implemented. The intervention consisted of seven physical activity promotion strategies that targeted the curriculum (teaching strategies to increase physical activity in physical education lessons, student physical activity plans, and modification of school sport program) school environment (recess/lunchtime activities, school physical activity policy) parents (parent newsletters) and community (community physical activity provider promotion). Six additional strategies supported school implementation of the physical activity intervention strategies. Minutes per day spent in MVPA, objectively measured by accelerometer. Participants (N=1,150, 49% male) were a cohort of students aged 12 years (Grade 7) at baseline (March-June 2012) and 14 years (Grade 9) at follow-up (March-July 2014). At 24-month follow-up, there were significant effects in favor of the intervention group for daily minutes of MVPA. The adjusted mean difference in change in daily MVPA between groups was 7.0 minutes (95% CI=2.7, 11.4, p<0.002) (analysis conducted December 2014-February 2015). Sensitivity analyses based on multiple imputation were consistent with the main analysis (6.0 minutes, 95% CI=0.6, 11.3, p<0.031). The intervention was effective in increasing adolescents' minutes of MVPA, suggesting that implementation of the intervention by disadvantaged schools has the potential to slow the decline in physical activity. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12612000382875.

A gender-sensitised weight-loss and healthy living program for men with overweight and obesity in Australian Football League settings (Aussie-FIT): A pilot randomised controlled trial

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 06-08-2020

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PMED.1003136

Be Positive Be Healthe: Development and Implementation of a Targeted e-Health Weight Loss Program for Young Women

Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc

Date: 06-2016

DOI: 10.1089/TMJ.2015.0085

Protocol for a gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme for overweight and obese men delivered in Australian football league settings (Aussie-FIT): A feasibility and pilot randomised controlled trial

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 10-2018

DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2018-022663

Abstract: Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent among Australian men. Professional sports settings can act as a powerful ‘hook’ to engage men in weight loss programmes the Football Fans in Training programme delivered in professional UK soccer clubs was successful and cost-effective in helping men lose weight. The Australian Football League (AFL) is a potentially attractive setting to engage men in a weight loss programme. We aim to develop, pilot and evaluate the feasibility of a weight loss intervention for overweight/obese middle-aged men, delivered in AFL settings, to promote weight loss and healthier lifestyles and determine its suitability for a future randomised control trial. 120 overweight/obese male fans will complete baseline physical and psychological health measures and objective measures of physical activity (PA), weight, waist size and blood pressure prior to randomisation into the intervention or waitlist comparison group. The intervention group will receive 12 weekly 90 min workshops incorporating PA, nutrition education, behaviour change techniques and principles of effective motivation. Four community coaches will be trained to deliver Aussie-FIT at two AFL clubs in Western Australia. Measurements will be repeated in both groups at 3 months (post-intervention) and 6 months (follow-up). Outcomes will include programme uptake, attendance, changes in lifestyle and weight variables to inform power calculations for a future definitive trial, fidelity of programme delivery, acceptability, satisfaction with the programme and perceptions of effectiveness. We will also determine trial feasibility and potential to gather cost-effectiveness data. Ethics approval was granted by Curtin University’s Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC2017-0458). Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and reports. A multicomponent dissemination strategy will include targeted translation and stakeholder engagement events to establish strategies for sustainability and policy change. ACTRN12617000515392 Pre-results.

A comparison and validation of child versus parent reporting of children's energy intake using food frequency questionnaires versus food records: Who's an accurate reporter?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.CLNU.2012.11.006

Abstract: The aim of this study was to (i) to compare the accuracy of reporting for child's total energy intake from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) completed independently by the mother, father and child in comparison to total energy expenditure (TEE) measured using doubly labeled water (DLW) (ii) compare the accuracy of the weighed food record (WFR) and DLW. Healthy weight children (mean ± SD age 9.8 ± 1.3 years, n = 6 girls/3 boys) and their parents independently completed an FFQ about children's intake. A 4-day WFR of child intake was recorded simultaneously. The accuracy of energy intakes reports were determined by the absolute and percentage differences between estimated energy intake and TEE measured by DLW. The mean difference (limits of agreement LOA, ± 2SD) when compared to DLW was child 130 (-1518, 1258) kcal or (113 ± 35% of TEE) father 398 (0,796) kcal or (121 ± 13%) mother 807 (-213, 1824) kcal or (144 ± 26%) and for the WFR -153 (1089, -1395) kcal or 95 ± 32%. Children were the most accurate reporters when compared to their parents, with fathers more accurate than mothers. The 4-day WFR was approximately equal to the child report FFQ in estimating EI in children 8-11 years.

A Family-Based Lifestyle Intervention Focusing on Fathers and Their Children Using Co-Creation: Study Protocol of the Run Daddy Run Intervention

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 13-02-2021

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH18041830

Abstract: Fathers play a unique and important role in shaping their children’s physical activity (PA), independent from the mother. Lifestyle interventions focusing simultaneously on PA of fathers and their children (“co-PA”) are therefore a novel and promising way to improve PA of both. A theory-based lifestyle intervention was co-created with fathers (i.e., the Run Daddy Run intervention), using the behavior change wheel as a theoretical framework. The aim of the present study is to describe the protocol of the Run Daddy Run intervention study, focusing on improving (co-)PA of fathers and children, and the prospected outcomes. The developed intervention consists of six (inter)active father-child sessions and an eHealth component, delivered over a 14-week intervention period. Baseline measurements will be conducted between November 2019–January 2020, post-test measurements in June 2020, and follow-up measurements in November 2020, with (co-)PA as the primary outcome variable. Outcomes will be measured using accelerometry and an online questionnaire. To evaluate the intervention, multilevel analyses will be conducted. This study will increase our understanding on whether a theory-based, co-created lifestyle intervention focusing exclusively on fathers and their children can improve their (co-)PA behavior and has important implications for future research and health policy, where targeting fathers might be a novel and effective approach to improve (co-)PA and associated health behaviors of both fathers and their children.

Mothers and teenage daughters walking to health: using the behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention to improve adolescent girls' physical activity

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.PUHE.2018.01.012

Abstract: The majority of adolescent girls fail to meet public health guidelines for physical activity. Engaging mothers in the promotion of physical activity for their daughters may be an important strategy to facilitate behaviour change. The aim of this study was to use the behaviour change wheel (BCW) framework to design the components of an intervention to improve adolescent girls' physical activity. Cross-sectional study to inform intervention development. The BCW framework was used to (1) understand the behaviour, (2) identify intervention functions and (3) select content and implementation options. A circular development process was undertaken by the research team to collectively design the intervention in accordance with the steps recommended by the BCW. The BCW design process resulted in the selection of six intervention functions (education, persuasion, incentivization, training, modelling, enablement) and 18 behaviour change techniques delivered via group-based, face-to-face mode. Behaviour change technique groupings include: goals and planning feedback and monitoring social support shaping knowledge natural consequences comparison of behaviour associations comparison of outcomes reward and threat identity and, self-belief. The BCW process allowed an in-depth consideration of the target behaviours and provided a systematic framework for developing the intervention. The feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the programme will be examined.

Recommendations to Improve Primary School Physical Education: Classroom Teachers' Perspective

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 11-2007

DOI: 10.3200/JOER.101.2.99-112

Scale-up of the Physical Activity 4 Everyone (PA4E1) intervention in secondary schools: 12-month implementation outcomes from a cluster randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-08-2020

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-020-01000-Y

Abstract: ‘Physical Activity 4 Everyone’ (PA4E1) was an efficacious multi-component school-based physical activity (PA) program targeting adolescents. PA4E1 has seven PA practices. It is essential to scale-up, evaluate effectiveness and assess implementation of such programs. Therefore, the aim is to assess the impact of implementation support on school practice uptake of the PA4E1 program at 12 and 24 months. A cluster randomised controlled trial, utilising a type III hybrid implementation-effectiveness design, was conducted in 49 randomly selected disadvantaged Australian Government and Catholic secondary schools. A blinded statistician randomly allocated schools to a usual practice control ( n = 25) or the PA4E1 program group ( n = 24), with the latter receiving seven implementation support strategies to support school PA practice uptake of the seven practices retained from the efficacy trial. The primary outcome was the proportion of schools adopting at least four of the seven practices, assessed via telephone surveys with Head Physical Education Teachers and analysed using exact logistic regression modelling. This paper reports the 12-month outcomes. Schools were recruited from May to November 2017. At baseline, no schools implemented four of the seven practices. At 12 months significantly more schools in the program group had implemented four of the seven practices (16/24, 66.7%) than the control group (1/25, 4%) (OR = 33.0[4.15–1556.4], p 0.001). The program group implemented on average 3.2 (2.5–3.9) more practices than the control group ( p 0.001, mean 3.9 (SD 1.5) vs 0.7 (1.0)). Fidelity and reach of the implementation support intervention were high (both 80%). Through the application of multiple implementation support strategies, secondary schools were able to overcome commonly known barriers to implement evidence based school PA practices. As such practices have been shown to result in an increase in adolescent PA and improvements in weight status, policy makers and practitioners responsible for advocating PA in schools should consider this implementation approach more broadly when working with schools. Follow-up is required to determine whether practice implementation is sustained. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000681358 registered 12th May 2017.

Comparison of Energy Intake in Toddlers Assessed by Food Frequency Questionnaire and Total Energy Expenditure Measured by the Doubly Labeled Water Method

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.JAND.2012.09.021

Abstract: The ability of parents to accurately report energy intake in toddlers has rarely been validated using the gold-standard doubly labeled water (DLW) method to assess total energy expenditure (TEE). The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of toddler energy intake (EI), estimated using the Australian Child and Adolescent Eating Survey (ACAES) food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) by parent report compared with a weighed food record (WFR) and TEE measured by DLW. Twelve toddlers had TEE assessed over 10 days using DLW. Usual energy intake was estimated by the primary caregiver, using standard toddler portions in ACAES-FFQ and a 4-day WFR and daily EI (in kilocalories) derived using national nutrient databases. Accuracy of reporting was calculated from absolute (EI-TEE) and percentage (EI/TEE×100) differences between EI and TEE and Pearson correlations and limits of agreement from Bland-Altman plots. Toddlers (n=12, 7 boys) had a mean age of 3.2±0.5 years, body mass index 16.2±0.9 kg, body mass index z score 0.1±0.8, EI from ACAES-FFQ 1,183±281kcal/day, and WFR 1,179±278 kcal/day and DLW TEE 1,251±149 kcal/day. The mean difference and limits of agreement (±2 standard deviations) compared with DLW was -68 (-623, 488) kcal/day for the FFQ and for the WFR -72 (-499, 354) kcal/day. Although both a semiquantitative FFQ and WFR can adequately estimate toddler energy intake at the group level in this population, toddler-specific portion size estimates should be assigned to foods listed in the FFQ. Choice of method is likely to depend on practical issues, including cost and burden.

Correlates of Gross Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 19-02-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S40279-016-0495-Z

Exploring the Mechanisms of Physical Activity and Dietary Behavior Change in the Program X Intervention for Adolescents

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2010

DOI: 10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2009.12.015

Abstract: The objective of this investigation was to examine the mechanisms of physical activity and dietary behavior change in the Program X intervention. Program X involved a clustered randomized controlled design with six schools (N=124 participants, mean age=14.1+/-0.8 years) randomized to intervention or control conditions for the 6-month study period. Physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption were assessed using pedometers and questionnaires, respectively. The theoretical framework of the intervention was assessed using structural equation modeling, mediation, and moderation analyses. The model explained 56% of the variance in physical activity at 6-months, but did not represent a good fit to the data, chi(2)=87.43, df=19, p < .001. The model explaining fruit and vegetable consumption explained 31% of the variance and provided a good fit to the data, chi(2)=12.40, df=10, p=.259. None of the variables satisfied the criteria for mediation or moderation in the physical activity model, but gender moderated the effects of intervention on fruit and vegetable consumption. None of the hypothesized mediators were responsible for behavior change in the Program X intervention. Future studies should address the limitations of existing psychosocial scales and continue to explore the mechanisms of behavior change using model testing, mediation, and moderation analyses.

Scaling-up an efficacious school-based physical activity intervention: Study protocol for the 'Internet-based Professional Learning to help teachers support Activity in Youth' (iPLAY) cluster randomized controlled trial and scale-up implementation evaluation

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 24-08-2016

DOI: 10.1186/S12889-016-3243-2

A hitchhiker's guide to assessing sedentary behaviour among young people: Deciding what method to use

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2012.05.010

A Targeted and Tailored eHealth Weight Loss Program for Young Women: The Be Positive Be Healthe Randomized Controlled Trial

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 02-05-2018

DOI: 10.3390/HEALTHCARE6020039

Parent diet modification, child activity, or both in obese children: An RCT

Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)

Date: 04-2011

DOI: 10.1542/PEDS.2010-1518

Abstract: Outcomes of childhood obesity interventions are rarely reported beyond 1 year. We hypothesized that the impact on the BMI z score from a child-centered physical-activity program in combination with a parent-centered dietary-modification program would be greater than either program conducted alone at 24 months' after baseline. A total of 165 overweight prepubertal children (68 boys, aged 5.5–9.9 years, mean BMI z score: 2.8) were randomly assigned to either a child-centered physical-activity program, a parent-centered dietary-modification program, or both conducted together in an assessor-blinded 6-month intervention. Using linear mixed models, all groups reduced their mean (95% confidence interval) BMI z score at 24 months from baseline (P & .001) (the activity and diet group: −0.24 [−0.35 to −0.13] the diet-only group: −0.35 [−0.48 to −0.22] activity-only group −0.19 [−0.30 to −0.07]). There was a significant group-by-time interaction (P = .04) with the activity + diet and the diet-only groups showing a greater reduction than the activity-only group. For waist z score and waist-to-height ratio, there was a significant time effect (P & .0001) at 24 months but no between-group differences (P & .05). Some metabolic outcomes improved at 24 months, although there were no between-group differences (P & .05). A reduction in BMI z score was sustained at 24 months by treatment with either program combination. The greatest effects were achieved through inclusion of a parent-centered diet program, indicating the importance of targeting parents within treatment and the possibility of targeting them exclusively in treating obese prepubertal children.

Dietary patterns of adolescent girls attending schools in low‐income communities highlight low consumption of core foods

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-10-2013

DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12084

Effect of a Gender-Tailored eHealth Weight Loss Program on the Depressive Symptoms of Overweight and Obese Men: Pre-Post Study

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 09-01-2018

DOI: 10.2196/MENTAL.8920

Abstract: Obesity and depression are of two of the largest contributors to the global burden of disease in men. Although lifestyle behavior change programs can improve participants’ weight and depressive symptoms, the evidence is limited by a lack of male participants and a reliance on face-to-face treatment approaches, which are not accessible or appealing for many men. This study examined the effect of a gender-tailored electronic health (eHealth) program on the depressive symptoms of a community s le of overweight and obese men with or without depression. A secondary aim was to determine whether the eHealth, self-directed format of the program was a feasible and acceptable treatment approach for the subgroup of men with depression at baseline. In total, 209 overweight/obese men from the Hunter Region of Australia were assessed before and after completing a self-administered eHealth weight loss program over 3 months. To increase engagement, most program elements were socio-culturally targeted to appeal specifically to men and included printed materials, a DVD, motivational text messages, online- or app-based self-monitoring, and other weight loss tools (eg, pedometer). Depressive symptoms were measured with the validated 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). Program feasibility and acceptability were assessed with a process questionnaire plus recruitment and retention rates. Changes in depressive symptoms and weight were examined using intention-to-treat linear mixed models, adjusted for the centered baseline score and other covariates. Effect sizes were estimated with Cohen’s d. At baseline, the mean weight and age of the s le was 105.7 kg (standard deviation [SD] 14.0) and 46.6 years (SD 11.3), respectively. Overall, 36 men (36/209, 17.2%) were experiencing depression (PHQ-8 score ≥10). Retention rates were comparable between men with and without depression (32/36, 88.9% vs 145/173, 83.8% P=.44). At posttest, depressive symptoms had reduced by 1.8 units (95% CI 1.3 to 2.3 P .001 d=0.5) for the whole s le. These improvements were particularly notable in the subgroup of men with depression (-5.5 units P .001 d=1.0) and 72.2% (26/36) of this subgroup no longer met the criterion for depression at posttest. A corresponding, albeit smaller, intervention effect on depressive symptoms was also observed in men without depression (-1.0 units P .001 d=0.4). The overall intervention effect on weight was -4.7 kg (d=1.3), which did not vary significantly by depression status. Program acceptability, feasibility, and online engagement metrics were also comparable between men with and without depression. A gender-tailored eHealth lifestyle program generated short-term improvements in the mental health of overweight and obese men, particularly for men with depression at baseline. Despite receiving no personalized support, men with depression reported high levels of satisfaction and engagement with the program. As such, a longer-term controlled trial testing an adapted version of the program for this subgroup is warranted. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12612000749808 www.anzctr.org.au/ Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=362575 (Archived by WebCite at wJvbRsNW)

Correction That the Analyses Were Adjusted for Clustering: A Response to Tekwe et al

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 27-12-2020

DOI: 10.1093/ABM/KAZ066

Improved constraints on possible variation of physical constants from H I 21-cm and molecular QSO absorption lines

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 11-11-2001

DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-8711.2001.04843.X

Cost effectiveness of a multi-component school-based physical activity intervention targeting adolescents: the ‘Physical Activity 4 Everyone’ cluster randomized trial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 22-08-2016

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-016-0418-2

Modeling What We Sample and Sampling What We Model: Challenges for Zooplankton Model Assessment

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 22-03-2017

DOI: 10.3389/FMARS.2017.00077

Goal setting for weight-related behavior change in children: An exploratory study

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 21-02-2018

DOI: 10.1177/0260106018758519

Abstract: There is an absence of studies exploring different goal-setting appraches and none which have examined the use of proxy goal-setting by parents for their children. To explore how proficient parents are in setting health behaviour goals for their children according to SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-framed) goal principles. A secondary aim was to examine associations between goal setting and change in health behaviors. Participants were parents and children taking part in one of two trials incorporating goal setting. Study 1 ( Time2bHealthy) was an online program for parents of preschoolers ( n = 36) and Study 2 ( HIKCUPS) was a three-arm face-to-face trial examining a parent-centered dietary intervention, (Study2Diet) a child-centered physical activity intervention, (Study2PA) or combination of both (Study2Combo) ( n = 83). Goals were coded on five ‘SMART’ principles. Goals were scored 1 or 0 for each principle (1 indicated the principle was met and 0, not met). The total maximum score for each goal was 5. Mean total goal-score and means for each SMART principle were calculated. Mean (and standard deviation) goal setting scores for Study 1 were 3.84 (0.61), Study2Diet 2.17 (1.33), Study2PA 3.18 (1.45) and Study2Combo 2.24 (1.30). Goal-scores were significantly higher for Study 1 than Study 2 ( p 0.001). In Study2Diet, goal setting was significantly associated with greater reduction in energy intake ( p = 0.019). Goal-scores were highest in Study 1, which used a supported online format for setting goals. Parents were better at setting physical activity goals, but these goals did not translate into improvements in physical activity behavior. Goals set by parents may be useful in energy intake reduction, however further research is required to determine benefits for weight status or physical activity.

The SHED-IT community trial study protocol: A randomised controlled trial of weight loss programs for overweight and obese men

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 16-11-2010

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-701

Fundamental movement skills and physical activity among children living in low-income communities: a cross-sectional study

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-04-2014

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-11-49

Impact of male‐only lifestyle interventions on men's mental health: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 17-03-2020

DOI: 10.1111/OBR.13014

Cooperative jamming protocols in two hop amplify-and-forward wiretap channels

Publisher: IEEE

Date: 06-2013

DOI: 10.1109/ICC.2013.6654852

A cluster randomised trial of a school-based intervention to prevent decline in adolescent physical activity levels: study protocol for the ‘Physical Activity 4 Everyone’ trial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 22-01-2013

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-57

12‐Month Outcomes and Process Evaluation of the SHED‐IT RCT: An Internet‐Based Weight Loss Program Targeting Men

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 2011

DOI: 10.1038/OBY.2010.119

Abstract: This article reports the 12-month follow-up results and process evaluation of the SHED-IT (Self-Help, Exercise, and Diet using Information Technology) trial, an Internet-based weight loss program exclusively for men. Sixty-five overweight/obese male staff and students at the University of Newcastle (Callaghan, Australia) (mean (s.d.) age = 35.9 (11.1) years BMI = 30.6 (2.8)) were randomly assigned to either (i) Internet group (n = 34) or (ii) Information only control group (n = 31). Both received one face-to-face information session and a program booklet. Internet group participants were instructed to use the study website for 3 months. Participants were assessed at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up for weight, waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure, and resting heart rate. Retention at 3- and 12-months was 85% and 71%, respectively. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis using linear mixed models revealed significant and sustained weight loss of -5.3 kg (95% confidence interval (CI): -7.5, -3.0) at 12 months for the Internet group and -3.1 kg (95% CI: -5.4, -0.7) for the control group with no group difference. A significant time effect was found for all outcomes (P < 0.001). Per-protocol analysis revealed a significant group-by-time interaction for weight, waist circumference, BMI, and systolic blood pressure. Internet group compliers (who self-monitored as instructed) maintained greater weight loss at 12 months (-8.8 kg 95% CI -11.8, -5.9) than noncompliers (-1.9 kg 95% CI -4.8, 1.0) and controls (-3.0 kg 95% CI -5.2, -0.9). Qualitative analysis by questionnaire and interview highlighted the acceptability and satisfaction with SHED-IT. Low-dose approaches to weight loss are feasible, acceptable, and can achieve clinically important weight loss in men after 1-year follow-up.

Validity of a self-report survey tool measuring the nutrition and physical activity environment of primary schools

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2013

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-75

Pre‐pregnancy predictors linked to miscarriage among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in North Queensland

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2011

DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.2011.00729.X

Abstract: Identify preventable pre-pregnancy risk factors that may affect the prevalence of miscarriage among a cohort of Australian Indigenous women. Data from 1,009 Indigenous women of childbearing age who participated in a 1999-2000 health screening program in far-north Queensland were linked to Queensland hospitalisation data. Women who attended hospital after their health check (censor date: March 2008) for a pregnancy-related condition were identified. Characteristics associated with becoming pregnant and subsequent miscarriage were analysed using generalised linear models. After adjusting for age and ethnicity, women who became pregnant were more likely to be smokers and to have low red cell folate at baseline. The risk of miscarriage increased with age. Women who reported risky drinking or had elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase were also at higher risk. After further adjustment for risky drinking, the presence of chlamydia or gonorrhoea before pregnancy was associated with miscarriage. The presence of both infections at baseline compared with women who had no infection, again after further adjustment for risky drinking, was strongly associated with miscarriage these women had more than a four-fold increase in risk (PR: 4.57 [2.21-9.46]). Elevated body mass index, high blood pressure and smoking were not statistically significantly associated with risk of miscarriage. A high prevalence of pre-pregnancy sexually transmitted infections and high rates of risky drinking are associated with miscarriage among young Indigenous women in rural and remote communities in north Queensland.

‘Physical Activity 4 Everyone’ school-based intervention to prevent decline in adolescent physical activity levels: 12 month (mid-intervention) report on a cluster randomised trial

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 10-09-2015

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2014-094523

Enhancement of Self-Monitoring in a Web-Based Weight Loss Program by Extra Individualized Feedback and Reminders: Randomized Trial

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 12-04-2016

DOI: 10.2196/JMIR.4100

Six year follow-up of students who participated in a school-based physical activity intervention: a longitudinal cohort study

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2009

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-6-48

Does Childhood Motor Skill Proficiency Predict Adolescent Fitness?

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 12-2008

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0B013E31818160D3

The carbon cycle in the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS-ESM1) - Part 1: Model description and pre-industrial simulation

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Date: 06-07-2017

DOI: 10.5194/GMD-10-2567-2017

Abstract: Abstract. Earth system models (ESMs) that incorporate carbon–climate feedbacks represent the present state of the art in climate modelling. Here, we describe the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS)-ESM1, which comprises atmosphere (UM7.3), land (CABLE), ocean (MOM4p1), and sea-ice (CICE4.1) components with OASIS-MCT coupling, to which ocean and land carbon modules have been added. The land carbon model (as part of CABLE) can optionally include both nitrogen and phosphorous limitation on the land carbon uptake. The ocean carbon model (WOMBAT, added to MOM) simulates the evolution of phosphate, oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity and iron with one class of phytoplankton and zooplankton. We perform multi-centennial pre-industrial simulations with a fixed atmospheric CO2 concentration and different land carbon model configurations (prescribed or prognostic leaf area index). We evaluate the equilibration of the carbon cycle and present the spatial and temporal variability in key carbon exchanges. Simulating leaf area index results in a slight warming of the atmosphere relative to the prescribed leaf area index case. Seasonal and interannual variations in land carbon exchange are sensitive to whether leaf area index is simulated, with interannual variations driven by variability in precipitation and temperature. We find that the response of the ocean carbon cycle shows reasonable agreement with observations. While our model overestimates surface phosphate values, the global primary productivity agrees well with observations. Our analysis highlights some deficiencies inherent in the carbon models and where the carbon simulation is negatively impacted by known biases in the underlying physical model and consequent limits on the applicability of this model version. We conclude the study with a brief discussion of key developments required to further improve the realism of our model simulation.

Understanding the impact of a teacher education course on attitudes towards gender equity in physical activity and sport: An exploratory mixed methods evaluation

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.TATE.2021.103421

Development of Foundational Movement Skills: A Conceptual Model for Physical Activity Across the Lifespan

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-03-2018

DOI: 10.1007/S40279-018-0892-6

Abstract: Evidence supports a positive association between competence in fundamental movement skills (e.g., kicking, jumping) and physical activity in young people. Whilst important, fundamental movement skills do not reflect the broad ersity of skills utilized in physical activity pursuits across the lifespan. Debate surrounds the question of what are the most salient skills to be learned which facilitate physical activity participation across the lifespan. In this paper, it is proposed that the term 'fundamental movement skills' be replaced with 'foundational movement skills'. The term 'foundational movement skills' better reflects the broad range of movement forms that increase in complexity and specificity and can be applied in a variety of settings. Thus, 'foundational movement skills' includes both traditionally conceptualized 'fundamental' movement skills and other skills (e.g., bodyweight squat, cycling, swimming strokes) that support physical activity engagement across the lifespan. A proposed conceptual model outlines how foundational movement skill competency can provide a direct or indirect pathway, via specialized movement skills, to a lifetime of physical activity. Foundational movement skill development is hypothesized to vary according to culture and/or geographical location. Further, skill development may be hindered or enhanced by physical (i.e., fitness, weight status) and psychological (i.e., perceived competence, self-efficacy) attributes. This conceptual model may advance the application of motor development principles within the public health domain. Additionally, it promotes the continued development of human movement in the context of how it leads to skillful performance and how movement skill development supports and maintains a lifetime of physical activity engagement.

Impact Evaluation of an After-school Cooking Skills Program in a Disadvantaged Community: Back to Basics

Publisher: Dietitians of Canada

Date: 09-2015

DOI: 10.3148/CJDPR-2015-005

Abstract: Purpose: Few efficacious child obesity interventions have been converted into ongoing community programs in the after-school setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of phase 2 of the Back to Basics cooking club on dietary behaviours and fruit and vegetable variety in a population at risk of obesity at a low income school with 10% indigenous population. Methods: Baseline and 3-month dietary intake and social cognitive theory (SCT) constructs were collected in 51 children, mean age 9 years, 61% female. McNemar tests were used for comparison of proportions between categorical variables. Cohen's d was used to compare effect sizes across different measures. Results: Consumption of one or more fruit servings per day significantly increased from 41% to 67% (P = 0.02, d = 0.13) and there was a trend for increasing the weekly variety of fruit and vegetables. The SCT constructs assessed within the current study improved significantly (P 0.05), with moderate to large effect sizes (d = 0.33–0.78). Conclusion: This study documents that a previous efficacious healthy lifestyle program can be adapted for use as an obesity prevention program addressing improvements in vegetable and fruit intakes in a low income community with a relatively high indigenous population.

Rationale and study protocol for the supporting children’s outcomes using rewards, exercise and skills (SCORES) group randomized controlled trial: A physical activity and fundamental movement skills i

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-06-2012

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-427

Global participation in sport and leisure-time physical activities: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2016.11.027

Abstract: This review aimed to determine the most popular physical activities performed by children, adolescents, and adults globally. Statistic bureau websites and article databases Scopus, ProQuest, SPORTDiscus, and Science Direct were searched between November 17th, 2014 and April 31st, 2015. Eligible studies were published in the last 10years with participation rates for specific physical activities among in iduals five years or older. Data extraction for included articles (n=64) was assessed independently and agreed upon by two authors. A random-effects model was used to calculate participation rates in specific activities for each age group and region. In total 73,304 articles were retrieved and 64 articles representing 47 countries were included in the final meta-analysis. Among adults, walking was the most popular activity in the Americas (18.9% 95% CI 10.2 to 32.5), Eastern Mediterranean (15.0% 95% CI 5.8 to 33.6), Southeast Asia (39.3% 95% CI 0.9 to 98.0) and Western Pacific (41.8% 95% CI 25.2 to 60.6). In Europe and Africa, soccer (10.0% 95% CI 6.5 to 15.1) and running (9.3% 95% CI 0.9 to 53.9), respectively, were top activities. Child and adolescent participation results were highly dependent upon region. American youth team sport participation was high, while youth from the Eastern Mediterranean and Western Pacific were more likely to report participation in lifelong physical activities. Global data for adults reflects a consistent pattern of participation in running and walking. Among all age groups and regions soccer was popular. In children and adolescents, preferences were variable between regions.

Behavioral and Cognitive Outcomes of an Online Weight Loss Program for Men With Low Mood: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 29-12-2021

DOI: 10.1093/ABM/KAAB109

Abstract: Depression and obesity are major health concerns and commonly co-exist, but men rarely seek help for these conditions. SHED-IT: Recharge was a gender-tailored eHealth program for men that generated clinically meaningful improvements in weight and depressive symptoms. To evaluate behavioral and psychological outcomes from the SHED-IT: Recharge intervention designed for overweight/obese men with low mood. Overall, 125 men (18–70 years) with a BMI between 25 and 42 kg/m2 and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 5) were randomly allocated to SHED-IT: Recharge (n = 62) or wait-list control (n = 63) groups. The self-directed program targeted key health behaviors combined with online mental fitness modules based on cognitive behavioral therapy. Behavioral (e.g., physical activity) and psychological outcomes (e.g., cognitive flexibility) were assessed with validated measures at baseline, 3 months (post-test) and 6 months (follow-up). Intention-to-treat linear mixed models examined treatment effects, which were adjusted for covariates, and effect size estimated (Cohen’s d). At post-test, intervention men achieved small-to-medium improvements in several health behavior outcomes including moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, light physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, energy intake, portion size, and risky alcohol consumption (range, d = 0.3–0.5), when compared with the control group. Intervention effects were also observed for perceived physical self-worth, perceived physical strength, cognitive flexibility, and behavioral activation (range, d = 0.3–0.8). No effects were found for fruit and vegetable intake, or mindful attention. Most effects were maintained at follow-up. This gender-tailored, eHealth program with integrated mental fitness support elicited meaningful improvements in health behaviors and psychological outcomes for men with low mood. Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619001209189).

Space-Time Variation of Physical Constants and Relativistic Corrections in Atoms

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 02-1999

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.82.888

Motivators and Barriers to Engaging in Healthy Eating and Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Young Adult Men

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 05-12-2017

DOI: 10.1177/1557988316680936

Abstract: Many Australian young men (18-25 years) fail to meet recommendations in national dietary or physical activity (PA) guidelines. However, there is a lack of understanding of their perspectives on PA and diet to inform intervention design. This study examined young men’s motivators and barriers to healthy eating and PA, along with differences by demographic and behavioral factors. A cross-sectional online survey was completed by 282 men aged 18 to 25 years in Australia. Results identified the most common motivators for healthy eating included improving health (63.5%), body image (52.3%), and increasing energy (32.1%). Motivators for PA included improving body image (44.6%), fitness (44.2%), and health (41.0%). Common barriers to healthy eating were access to unhealthy foods (61.1%), time to cook repare healthy foods (55.0%), and motivation to cook healthy foods (50.7%). Barriers for PA included motivation (66.3%), time (57.8%), and cost of equipment/facilities (33.3%). Significant differences ( p .01) in motivators to healthy eating and/or PA were identified for BMI category, marital status, PA level, alcohol intake, and stress levels. Significant differences were identified for barriers to healthy eating and/or PA by BMI, PA level, stress, and fruit and vegetable intake, assessed using Pearson’s chi-square test. Findings suggest that promotion of benefits related to health, appearance/body image, increased energy and fitness, and addressing key barriers including motivation, time, financial restraints, and accessibility of unhealthy foods, could engage young men in improving lifestyle behaviors. Differences by demographic and behavioral factors suggest development of tailored programs to address ersity among young men may be required.

The Influence of Fathers on Children’s Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviors: Insights, Recommendations and Future Directions

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 31-07-2017

DOI: 10.1007/S13679-017-0275-6

Abstract: Although fathers have an important influence on their children's well-being, their unique influence on child lifestyle behaviors has been largely overlooked in the literature. To inform and encourage future research, this paper provides an overview of existing studies that have examined the influence of fathers on the physical activity and dietary behaviors of their children. While the available data indicate that fathers' behaviors and parenting practices likely play an important role in promoting healthy behaviors in children, the evidence base is limited by a reliance on observational designs and small, ungeneralizable s les. This paper also provides a summary of the methods, research findings, and experiential insights we have gained while conducting the "Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids" randomized controlled trials, which tested the efficacy and effectiveness of a socio-culturally targeted program that engages fathers to improve their own health and the health of their children. The paper concludes with a series of recommendations for recruiting and engaging fathers and a summary of directions for future research.

Fundamental movement skills: Where do girls fall short? A novel investigation of object-control skill execution in primary-school aged girls

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.PMEDR.2018.06.005

The relationship between PE biographies and PE teaching practices of classroom teachers

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 11-2008

DOI: 10.1080/13573320802444994

Description and evaluation of a social cognitive model of physical activity behaviour tailored for adolescent girls

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 16-06-2011

DOI: 10.1093/HER/CYR039

Abstract: The aim of this paper was to describe and test a social cognitive model of physical activity tailored for adolescent girls. Participants were 1518 girls (aged 13.6 ± 0.02 years) from 24 secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia. Useable accelerometer (≥10 hours day(-1) on at least 3 days) and questionnaire data were obtained from 68% of this s le (N = 1035). Participants completed questionnaires assessing psychological, behavioural, social and environmental correlates of activity. The theoretical model was tested using structural equation modelling in AMOS. The model explaining accelerometer counts per minute was an adequate-to-good fit to the data (Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.89, the comparative fit index = 0.97 and the root mean square of approximation = 0.098 90% confidence interval = 0.075-0.122) but explained only 5% of the variance in activity. There were significant model pathways from self-efficacy (r = 0.11, P = 0.01), school environment (r = 0.07, P = 0.02) and physical self-worth (r = 0.07, P = 0.04) to accelerometer counts. Although the proposed model provided an adequate-to-good fit to the data, it explained a small portion of the variance. Shared method variance may explain the larger portions of variance explained in previous studies. Future studies are encouraged to evaluate theories of physical activity behaviour change using objective measures of physical activity.

Men participating in a weight-loss intervention are able to implement key dietary messages, but not those relating to vegetables or alcohol: the Self-Help, Exercise and Diet using Internet Technology

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 06-07-2010

DOI: 10.1017/S1368980010001916

Abstract: To describe dietary changes in men participating in an obesity intervention as part of the Self-Help, Exercise and Diet using Information Technology (SHED-IT) study. An assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial comparing Internet ( n 34) v . information-only groups ( n 31) with 6-month follow-up. Dietary intake assessed by FFQ, reporting usual consumption of seventy-four foods and six alcoholic beverages using a 10-point frequency scale. A single portion size (PSF) factor was calculated based on photographs to indicate usual serving sizes. The c us community of the University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Sixty-five overweight/obese men (43 % students, 42 % non-academic general staff, 15 % academic staff mean age 35·9 ( sd 11·1) years, mean BMI 30·6 ( sd 2·8) kg/m 2 ). The average PSF decreased significantly over time ( χ 2 = 20·9, df = 5, P 0·001) with no differences between groups. While both groups reduced mean daily energy intake (GLM χ 2 = 34·5, df = 3, P 0·001), there was a trend towards a greater reduction in the Internet group (GLM χ 2 = 3·3, P = 0·07). Both groups reduced percentage of energy from fat ( P 0·05), saturated fat ( P 0·001) and energy-dense/nutrient-poor items ( P 0·05), with no change in dietary fibre or alcohol ( P 0·05). Although men reported some positive dietary changes during weight loss, they did not increase vegetable intakes nor decrease alcohol consumption, while saturated fat, fibre and Na intakes still exceeded national targets. Future interventions for men should promote specific food-based guidelines to target improvements in their diet-related risk factor profile for chronic diseases.

A 12-Week Commercial Web-Based Weight-Loss Program for Overweight and Obese Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Basic Versus Enhanced Features

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 25-04-2012

DOI: 10.2196/JMIR.1980

Feasibility of Targeting Hispanic Fathers and Children in an Obesity Intervention: Papás Saludables Niños Saludables

Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc

Date: 09-2020

DOI: 10.1089/CHI.2020.0006

Social support from teachers mediates physical activity behavior change in children participating in the Fit-4-Fun intervention

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 28-05-2013

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-68

Abstract: Few studies have examined the mediators of behavior change in successful school-based physical activity interventions. The aim of this study was to explore potential mediators of physical activity in the Fit-4-Fun program for primary school children. Group randomized controlled trial. Four primary schools were recruited in April, 2011 and randomized by school into intervention or control conditions. Participants included 213 children (mean age = 10.7 years ± 0.6 52.2% female) with the treatment group (n = 118) completing the 8-week multi-component Fit-4-Fun program. Participants were assessed at baseline, 3- and 6-months. Physical activity was measured using Yamax SW700 pedometers (mean steps/day) and questionnaires were used to assess constructs from Social Cognitive Theory and Competence Motivation Theory. Hypothesized mediators measured included social support from peers, parents and teachers physical activity self-efficacy (barrier and task) enjoyment and perceived school physical environment. Mediation was assessed using Preacher and Hayes’ multiple mediation regression SPSS macro. Action theory (A), conceptual theory (B) and the significance of the product of coefficients (AB) are reported. The intervention had a significant effect on physical activity (p .001). The action theory test results revealed significant treatment effects at 3-months for perceived school environment (A=0.28, p .001) and at 6-month follow-up for perceived school environment (A=0.058, p .001), teacher social support (A=0.54, p .05) and enjoyment (A=-0.23, p .05). The conceptual theory test revealed a significant relationship between changes in teacher social support and changes in physical activity at 6-month follow-up (B=828, P .05). Teacher social support was shown to have a significant mediating effect on physical activity (AB = 445, CI = 77-1068 steps, proportion= 13%), and perceived school environment approached significance (AB = 434, CI= -415 to 1507 steps, proportion= 13%). The Fit-4-Fun program successfully targeted social support for physical activity provided by classroom teachers which contributed to improved physical activity in children. These results demonstrate that classroom teachers play a key role in influencing physical activity behavior outcomes in children. Trial Registration No: ACTRN12611000976987

Characteristics of men classified at high-risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus using the AUSDRISK screening tool

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.DIABRES.2015.01.017

Abstract: The primary aim was to describe characteristics of men identified at high-risk for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using the Australian diabetes risk assessment (AUSDRISK) tool. Secondary aims were to determine the prevalence of pre-diabetes and metabolic syndrome in these men. Men (n=209) completed the AUSDRISK tool, with 165 identified as high-risk for T2DM (score ≥ 12, maximum 38). Demographic, anthropometric, physiological and behavioural outcomes were assessed for 101 men. Comparisons (one-way ANOVA) among three AUSDRISK score groups (12-15, 16-19, ≥ 20) were performed (significance level, P 90 cm 93%), age (>44 years 79%), physical activity level (< 150 min wk(-1) 59%), family history of diabetes (39%) and previously high blood glucose levels (32%). Men with AUSDRISK scores ≥ 20 had higher (mean ± SD) HbA1C (6.0 ± 0.4% [42 ± 4.4 mmol.mol(-1)], P<0.001), FPG (5.3 ± 0.6 mmol.L(-1), P=0.001) and waist circumference (113.2 ± 9.8 cm, P=0.026) than men with scores of 12-15. Mean FPG for the s le was 5.0 ± 0.6 mmol.L(-1), whereas mean HbA1C was 5.8 ± 0.5% [40 ± 5.5 mmol.mol(-1)]. Pre-diabetes prevalence was 70% and metabolic syndrome prevalence was 62%. The AUSDRISK tool identified men who were mostly older than 44, and had large waist circumferences and elevated HbA1C. These findings provide evidence supporting the usefulness of the AUSDRISK screening tool for T2DM screening in clinical and research settings.

Paternal Physical Activity: An Important Target to Improve the Health of Fathers and their Children

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 31-01-2017

DOI: 10.1177/1559827616689544

Abstract: Although the transition to fatherhood is joyful and fulfilling for many men, becoming a father also exposes men to a series of new challenges and responsibilities that can negatively affect their well-being. As such, effective strategies that foster positive physical and mental health in fathers are required. Given the established links between regular physical activity and optimal health, strategies to reduce the substantial decline in physical activity typically observed during the early fatherhood may be particularly fruitful. In this commentary, we discuss the potential mediating role of physical activity on a series of important outcomes for fathers, including paternal and child health and the quality of the father-child relationship. We also present an argument that high-quality research studies testing physical activity interventions that meaningfully engage fathers are urgently required.

The Nutrition and Enjoyable Activity for Teen Girls Study

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2013.04.014

Abstract: Obesity prevention among youth of low SES is a public health priority given the higher prevalence of youth obesity in this population subgroup. To evaluate the 24-month impact of a school-based obesity prevention program among adolescent girls living in low-income communities. The study was a school-based group RCT, the Nutrition and Enjoyable Activity for Teen Girls (NEAT Girls) intervention. The study involved 12 secondary schools located in low-income communities in New South Wales, Australia. Participants were 357 adolescent girls (aged 13.2 ± 0.5 years). The 12-month multicomponent intervention was guided by social cognitive theory and involved strategies to promote physical activity, reduce sedentary behaviors, and improve dietary outcomes. The primary outcome was BMI, and secondary outcomes were BMI z-score percentage body fat (bioelectrical impedance analysis) physical activity (accelerometers) dietary intake and recreational screen-time (self-report). Data were collected in 2010-2012 and analyzed in 2012. After 24 months, there were no intervention effects on BMI (adjusted mean difference -0.33, 95% CI= -0.97, 0.28, p=0.353) and BMI z-score (-0.12, 95% CI= -0.27, 0.04, p=0.178). However, there was a group-by-time interaction for percentage body fat (-1.96%, 95% CI= -3.02, -0.89, p=0.006). Intervention effects for physical activity, screen time, and dietary intake were not significant. The NEAT Girls intervention did not result in effects on the primary outcome. Further study of youth who are "at risk" of obesity should focus on strategies to improve retention and adherence in prevention programs. This study is registered at Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials ACTRN1261000033004.

Impact of scheduling multiple outdoor free-play periods in childcare on child moderate-to-vigorous physical activity: a cluster randomised trial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-04-2018

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-018-0665-5

Physical Education Teachers’ Perspectives and Experiences When Teaching FMS to Early Adolescent Girls

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 2017

DOI: 10.1123/JTPE.2015-0201

Abstract: Competence in fundamental movement skills (FMSs) is positively associated with physical activity, fitness, and healthy weight status. However, adolescent girls exhibit very low levels of fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency. In the current study, interviews were carried out with physical education teachers to investigate their perspectives of: (i) the importance and relevance of teaching FMSs to Year 7 girls, and (ii) the factors influencing effective FMS instruction. There were two major findings in the data: Year 7 was perceived to be a critical period to instruct girls in FMSs and current teaching practices were perceived to be suboptimal for effective FMS instruction. Apparent deficits in current FMS teaching practice may be improved with more comprehensive teacher training (both during physical education teacher education (PETE) and in in-service professional development) in pedagogical strategies, curriculum interpretation, and meaningful assessment.

Effectiveness of a multi-strategy intervention in increasing the implementation of vegetable and fruit breaks by Australian primary schools: a non-randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 13-08-2012

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-651

Effects of a father–daughter physical activity intervention delivered by trained facilitators in the community setting on girls’ social-emotional well-being: A randomized controlled trial.

Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)

Date: 10-2023

DOI: 10.1037/DEV0001609

Impact of a self-guided, eHealth program targeting weight loss and depression in men: A randomized trial.

Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)

Date: 08-2021

DOI: 10.1037/CCP0000671

Evaluating the impact of a coach development intervention for improving coaching practices and player outcomes in football: the MASTER Coaching randomised control trial

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 09-01-2023

DOI: 10.1080/17408989.2022.2153817

Effects of a ‘school-based’ physical activity intervention on adiposity in adolescents from economically disadvantaged communities: secondary outcomes of the ‘Physical Activity 4 Everyone’ RCT

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-06-2016

DOI: 10.1038/IJO.2016.107

Investigating Associations Between Positive Fathering and Children's Health: It's Time for Interventions

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 30-08-2017

DOI: 10.1002/OBY.21966

Do physical activity and screen time mediate the association between European fathers’ and their children’s weight status? Cross-sectional data from the Feel4Diabetes-study

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-11-2019

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-019-0864-8

Abstract: Most research on parenting and childhood obesity and obesity-related behaviours has focused on mothers while fathers have been underrepresented. Yet, recent literature has suggested that fathers uniquely influence their children’s lifestyle behaviours, and hence could also affect their weight status, but this has not yet been scientifically proven. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine whether the association between fathers’ weight status and their children’s weight status is mediated by fathers’ and children’s movement behaviours (i.e. physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST)). Cross-sectional data of 899 European fathers and their children were analyzed. Fathers/male caregivers ( mean age = 43.79 ± 5.92 years, mean BMI = 27.08 ± 3.95) completed a questionnaire assessing their own and their children’s ( mean age = 8.19 ± 0.99 years, 50.90% boys, mean BMI zscore = 0.44 ± 1.07) movement behaviours. Body Mass Index (BMI, in kg/m 2 ) was calculated based on self-reported (fathers) and objectively measured (children) height and weight. For children, BMI z-scores (SD scores) were calculated to obtain an optimal measure for their weight status. Serial mediation analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 25.0 Statistics for Windows to test whether the association between fathers’ BMI and children’s BMI is mediated by fathers’ PA and children’s PA (model 1) and fathers’ ST and children’s ST (model 2), respectively. The present study showed a (partial) mediation effect of fathers’ PA and children’s PA (but not father’s ST and children’s ST) on the association between fathers’ BMI and children’s BMI (model for PA coefficient: 0.001, 95% CI: [0.0001, 0.002] model for ST coefficient: 0.001, 95% CI: [0.000, 0.002]). Furthermore, fathers’ movement behaviours (PA and ST) were positively associated with their children’s movement behaviours (PA and ST) (model for PA, coefficient: 0.281, SE: 0.023, p 0.001 model for ST, coefficient: 0.345, SE: 0.025, p 0.001). These findings indicate that the influence of fathers on their children’s weight status partially occurs through the association between fathers’ PA and children’s PA (but not their ST). As such, intervening by focusing on PA of fathers but preferably of both members of the father-child dyad (e.g. engaging fathers and their children in co-PA) might be a novel and potentially effective strategy for interventions aiming to prevent childhood overweight and obesity. Longitudinal studies or intervention studies confirming these findings are however warranted to make meaningful recommendations for health intervention and policy. The Feel4Diabetes-study is registered with the clinical trials registry clinicaltrials.gov , ID: 643708 .

Historical reconstruction of ocean acidification in the Australian region

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Date: 21-03-2016

DOI: 10.5194/BG-13-1753-2016

Abstract: Abstract. The ocean has become more acidic over the last 200 years in response increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Documenting how the ocean has changed is critical for assessing how these changes impact marine ecosystems and for the management of marine resources. Here we use present-day ocean carbon observations, from shelf and offshore waters around Australia, combined with neural network mapping of CO2, sea surface temperature, and salinity to estimate the current seasonal and regional distributions of carbonate chemistry (pH and aragonite saturation state). The observed changes in atmospheric CO2 and sea surface temperature (SST) and climatological salinity are then used to reconstruct pH and aragonite saturation state changes over the last 140 years (1870–2013). The comparison with data collected at Integrated Marine Observing System National Reference Station sites located on the shelf around Australia shows that both the mean state and seasonality in the present day are well represented, with the exception of sites such as the Great Barrier Reef. Our reconstruction predicts that since 1870 decrease in aragonite saturation state of 0.48 and of 0.09 in pH has occurred in response to increasing oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2. Large seasonal variability in pH and aragonite saturation state occur in southwestern Australia driven by ocean dynamics (mixing) and in the Tasman Sea by seasonal warming (in the case of the aragonite saturation state). The seasonal and historical changes in aragonite saturation state and pH have different spatial patterns and suggest that the biological responses to ocean acidification are likely to be non-uniform depending on the relative sensitivity of organisms to shifts in pH and saturation state. This new historical reconstruction provides an important link to biological observations that will help to elucidate the consequences of ocean acidification.

The SHED‐IT Randomized Controlled Trial: Evaluation of an Internet‐based Weight‐loss Program for Men

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-2009

DOI: 10.1038/OBY.2009.85

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an Internet-based weight-loss program for men in an assessor blinded randomized controlled trial. In total, 65 overweight/obese male staff and students at the University of Newcastle (mean (s.d.) age = 35.9 (11.1) years BMI = 30.6 (2.8)) were randomly assigned to either (i) Internet group (n = 34) or (ii) control group (information only) (n = 31). Both groups received one face-to-face information session and a program booklet. Internet group participants used the study website to self-monitor diet and activity with feedback provided based on participants' online entries on seven occasions over 3 months. Participants were assessed at baseline, 3-, and 6-month follow-up for weight, waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure, resting heart rate, objectively measured physical activity, and self-reported total daily kilojoules. Intention-to-treat analysis revealed significant weight loss of 5.3 kg (95% confidence interval (CI): -7.3, -3.3) at 6 months for the Internet group and 3.5 kg (95% CI: -5.5, -1.4) for the control group. A significant time effect was found for all outcomes but no between-group differences. Per-protocol analysis revealed a significant group-by-time interaction (P < 0.001), with compliers losing more weight at 6 months (-9.1 kg 95% CI -11.8, -6.5) than noncompliers (-2.7 kg 95% CI -5.3, -0.01) and the control group (-4.2 kg 95% CI -6.2, -2.2). Simple weight-loss interventions can be effective in achieving statistically and clinically significant weight loss in men. The Internet is a feasible and effective medium for weight loss in men but strategies need to be explored to improve engagement in online programs.

Fundamental movement skills in children and adolescents: Review of associated health benefits

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-2010

DOI: 10.2165/11536850-000000000-00000

Abstract: The mastery of fundamental movement skills (FMS) has been purported as contributing to children's physical, cognitive and social development and is thought to provide the foundation for an active lifestyle. Commonly developed in childhood and subsequently refined into context- and sport-specific skills, they include locomotor (e.g. running and hopping), manipulative or object control (e.g. catching and throwing) and stability (e.g. balancing and twisting) skills. The rationale for promoting the development of FMS in childhood relies on the existence of evidence on the current or future benefits associated with the acquisition of FMS proficiency. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the relationship between FMS competency and potential health benefits in children and adolescents. Benefits were defined in terms of psychological, physiological and behavioural outcomes that can impact public health. A systematic search of six electronic databases (EMBASE, OVID MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and SportDiscus®) was conducted on 22 June 2009. Included studies were cross-sectional, longitudinal or experimental studies involving healthy children or adolescents (aged 3-18 years) that quantitatively analysed the relationship between FMS competency and potential benefits. The search identified 21 articles examining the relationship between FMS competency and eight potential benefits (i.e. global self-concept, perceived physical competence, cardio-respiratory fitness [CRF], muscular fitness, weight status, flexibility, physical activity and reduced sedentary behaviour). We found strong evidence for a positive association between FMS competency and physical activity in children and adolescents. There was also a positive relationship between FMS competency and CRF and an inverse association between FMS competency and weight status. Due to an inadequate number of studies, the relationship between FMS competency and the remaining benefits was classified as uncertain. More longitudinal and intervention research examining the relationship between FMS competency and potential psychological, physiological and behavioural outcomes in children and adolescents is recommended.

Effects of exercise on mental health outcomes in adolescents: Findings from the CrossFit™ teens randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHSPORT.2016.05.008

Using Digital Health Technology to Prevent and Treat Diabetes

Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc

Date: 02-2016

DOI: 10.1089/DIA.2016.2506

Further Evidence for Cosmological Evolution of the Fine Structure Constant

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 09-08-2001

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.87.091301

Eddy‐induced carbon transport across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Date: 09-2017

DOI: 10.1002/2017GB005669

eHealth interventions for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: a systematic review with meta‐analysis

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-03-2015

DOI: 10.1111/OBR.12268

Abstract: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of eHealth interventions for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. Eight databases were searched for studies published in English from 1995 to 17 September 2014. Eighty-four studies were included, with 183 intervention arms, of which 76% (n = 139) included an eHealth component. Sixty-one studies had the primary aim of weight loss, 10 weight loss maintenance, eight weight gain prevention, and five weight loss and maintenance. eHealth interventions were predominantly delivered using the Internet, but also email, text messages, monitoring devices, mobile applications, computer programs, podcasts and personal digital assistants. Forty percent (n = 55) of interventions used more than one type of technology, and 43.2% (n = 60) were delivered solely using eHealth technologies. Meta-analyses demonstrated significantly greater weight loss (kg) in eHealth weight loss interventions compared with control (MD -2.70 [-3.33,-2.08], P < 0.001) or minimal interventions (MD -1.40 [-1.98,-0.82], P < 0.001), and in eHealth weight loss interventions with extra components or technologies (MD 1.46 [0.80, 2.13], P < 0.001) compared with standard eHealth programmes. The findings support the use of eHealth interventions as a treatment option for obesity, but there is insufficient evidence for the effectiveness of eHealth interventions for weight loss maintenance or weight gain prevention.

Reliability and validity of a single‐item physical activity measure for adolescents

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-02-2015

DOI: 10.1111/JPC.12836

Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of an adolescent single-item physical activity measure by comparing it with the existing Oxford Physical Activity Questionnaire (OPAQ) and accelerometer output. Participants were 123 adolescents (14.7 ± 0.5 years) from three secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia. To determine reliability, participants completed both questionnaires on two occasions separated by 2 weeks. To assess validity, participants wore Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers for a 7-day monitoring period and completed both physical activity questionnaires. Bivariate correlations between self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and accelerometer MVPA min/day were calculated. The single-item (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64-0.83, P < 0.001) ) and the OPAQ (ICC = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.69-0.86, P < 0.001) were both found to have moderate-to-strong reliability. Correlations between self-reported and objectively measured MVPA were similar for the single-item measure (r = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.24-0.63, P < 0.001) and the OPAQ (r = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.30-0.65, P < 0.001). These findings suggest the single-item measure can provide a reliable and valid assessment of youth physical activity.

Adolescents' perception of the relationship between movement skills, physical activity and sport

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 14-05-2013

DOI: 10.1177/1356336X13486061

Abstract: Movement skill competence is important to organised youth physical activity participation, but it is unclear how adolescents view this relationship. The primary aim of this study was to explore adolescents’ perception of the relationship between movement skills, physical activity and sport, and whether their perceptions differed according to extent of participation in organised physical activities. We recruited 33 (17 male) Grade 11 and 12 students (aged 16 to 18) from two secondary schools in Australia. Focus groups were allocated according to whether or not students participated in organised physical activity, where ‘organised activity’ was defined as activity which involved regular classes, training or competition, was reasonably structured or formal, or had a teacher, instructor or coach. There were three all-male ‘organised’ groups, one mixed-gender ‘organised’ group and one all-female ‘not-organised’ group. Students were asked about their attitudes towards physical activity and sport, the relationship between childhood skill proficiency and later physical activity and their perceptions of the appropriate time taken to learn movement skills. Group discussions lasted for approximately 50 minutes, were recorded and were then transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were read using a constant comparison method, in which quotes were continually compared to other quotes. A thematic analysis was conducted in which the transcripts were analysed inductively. Participation in organised sport had no bearing on opinions regarding whether lack of childhood skill development would negatively impact latter participation. It did, however, subtly influence opinions regarding whether skill could be successfully acquired later in life. When asked whether not having well-developed skills as a child would negatively impact on participation in sport hysical activity later in life, the response was mixed, but this was not related to their involvement in organised sport or activities. Students who believed early skill proficiency related to subsequent activity thought this was due to skill ability and motivation. An alternate view was that subsequent activity did not need to be based on skill proficiency also, one’s environment might change, resulting in differing opportunities/constraints. Students felt skills could be learnt at any time in life (dependent on motivation), but that learning skills at a younger age would be easier and that skills learnt later would not be as developed. Fear of failure was identified as a barrier to learning when older. We conclude that motivation towards participation in sport and physical activity is affected by adolescents’ perception of their own movement skill ability. Therefore, developing children’s actual and perceived movement skills may help to increase adolescent physical activity. Since those with intrinsic achievement orientations were not as inclined towards organised activity, we may also need to provide physical activity options that resonate with intrinsic achievement motivations.

Tensions and Paradoxes of Scaling Up: A Critical Reflection on Physical Activity Promotion

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 11-2022

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH192114284

Abstract: Background: Achieving system-level, sustainable ‘scale-up’ of interventions is the epitome of successful translation of evidence-based approaches in population health. In physical activity promotion, few evidence-based interventions reach implementation at scale or become embedded within systems for sustainable health impact. This is despite the vast published literature describing efficacy studies of small-scale physical activity interventions. Research into physical activity scale-up (through case-study analysis evaluations of scale-up processes in implementation trials and mapping the processes, strategies, and principles for scale-up) has identified barriers and facilitators to intervention expansion. Many interventions are implemented at scale by governments but have not been evaluated or have unpublished evaluation information. Further, few public health interventions have evaluations that reveal the costs and benefits of scaled-up implementation. This lack of economic information introduces an additional element of risk for decision makers when deciding which physical activity interventions should be supported with scarce funding resources. Decision-makers face many other challenges when scaling interventions which do not relate to formal research trials of scale-up Methods: To explore these issues, a multidisciplinary two-day workshop involving experts in physical activity scale-up was convened by the University of Newcastle, Australia, and the University of Ottawa, Canada (February 2019) Results: In this paper we discuss some of the scale-up tensions (challenges and conflicts) and paradoxes (things that are contrary to expectations) that emerged from this workshop in the context of the current literature and our own experiences in this field. We frame scale-up tensions according to epistemology, methodology, time, and partnerships and paradoxes as ‘reach without scale’, ‘planned serendipity’ and ‘simple complexity’. We reflect on the implications of these scale-up tensions and paradoxes, providing considerations for future scale-up research and practice moving forward Conclusions: In this paper, we delve deeper into stakeholders’ assumptions, processes and expectations of scaling up, and challenge in what ways as stakeholders, we all contribute to desired or undesired outcomes. Through a lens of ‘tensions’ and ‘paradoxes’, we make an original contribution to the scale-up literature that might influence current perspectives of scaling-up, provide future approaches for physical activity promotion, and contribute to understanding of dynamic of research-practice partnerships.

Explaining dietary intake in adolescent girls from disadvantaged secondary schools. A test of Social Cognitive Theory

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2011.12.012

Abstract: Much of the research on the determinants of dietary behavior has been guided by Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), yet few studies have tested the utility of its proposed structural paths. The aim of this paper was to test the capacity of SCT to explain dietary behaviors in a s le of 357 adolescent girls (13.2±0.5 years) from 12 secondary schools located in low-income communities in New South Wales, Australia. Participants completed validated SCT scales assessing nutrition-related self-efficacy, intention, behavioral strategies, family support, situation, outcome expectations, and outcome expectancies. Participants completed a validated food frequency questionnaire, from which, the percentage of total kilojoules from core-foods, non-core foods and saturated fat were calculated. The theoretical models were tested using structural equation modeling in AMOS. The models explained 48-51% and 13-19% of the variance in intention and dietary behavior, respectively. The models provided an adequate fit to the data, and self-efficacy was positively associated with healthy eating and inversely associated with unhealthy eating. However, the pathway from intention to behavior was not statistically significant in any of the models. While this study has demonstrated the utility of SCT constructs to explain behavior in adolescents girls, the proposed structural pathways were not supported. Further study of the role that implementation intentions play in explaining adolescent girls' dietary behaviors is required.

A pilot intervention to reduce postpartum weight retention and central adiposity in first‐time mothers: results from the mums OnLiNE (Online, Lifestyle, Nutrition & Exercise) study

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 16-10-2017

DOI: 10.1111/JHN.12521

Abstract: Postpartum weight retention (PPWR) increases the risk for obesity and complications during subsequent pregnancies. Few interventions have been successful in limiting PPWR in mothers. The present study assessed the effectiveness of the mums OnLiNE (Online, Lifestyle, Nutrition & Exercise) intervention with respect to reducing PPWR and improving diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour. A subs le of first-time mothers enrolled in the Extended Melbourne Infant Feeding Activity and Nutrition Trial (InFANT Extend) completed the nonrandomised mums OnLiNE intervention. Women in the intervention (I) group (n = 28) received access to an online calorie tracking program, smartphone app, three telephone counselling calls with a dietitian and written material. Women in two comparison groups (CI and C2) (n = 48 n = 43) were from the control (C1) and intervention (C2) arms of InFANT Extend and received no additional support. Weight and waist circumference were measured objectively. Written surveys assessed diet and physical activity. Sedentary behaviour was self-reported. Linear and logistic regression assessed changes in outcomes between groups from 9 to 18 months postpartum. Mean PPWR decreased in the (I) group (-1.2 kg) and the C2 group (-1.2 kg), although the changes were not significant. Mean waist circumference for all groups exceeded recommendations at baseline but decreased to below recommendations for women in the (I) group (78.3 cm) and significantly for the (I) group (-6.4 cm) compared to C1 (-1.1 cm P = 0.002) and C2 (-3.3 cm P = 0.001). Changes in diet, physical activity or sedentary behaviour were not significant. The online intervention reported in the present study shows promise with respect to reducing waist circumference in postpartum women. Further evidence of strategies that may improve weight and related behaviours in this target group is needed.

Men’s Perceptions of a Gender-Tailored eHealth Program Targeting Physical and Mental Health: Qualitative Findings from the SHED-IT Recharge Trial

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 07-12-2021

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH182412878

Abstract: Despite increasing rates of co-morbid depression and obesity, few interventions target both conditions simultaneously, particularly in men. The SHED-IT: Recharge trial, conducted in 125 men with depressive symptoms and overweight or obesity, tested the efficacy of a gender-tailored eHealth program with integrated mental health support. The aims of this study were to examine the perceptions of men who received the SHED-IT: Recharge intervention in relation to recruitment, satisfaction with the program, and suggestions to improve the program. In idual semi-structured interviews were conducted in a random sub-s le, stratified by baseline depression and weight status (n = 19, mean (SD) age 49.6 years (11.6), PHQ−9 score 9.0 (3.7), BMI 32.5 kg/m2 (4.6)). Transcripts were analyzed using an inductive process by an independent qualitative researcher. Four themes emerged, namely, (i) specific circumstances determined men’s motivation to enroll, (ii) unique opportunity to implement sustained physical and mental health changes compared to previous experiences, (iii) salience of the program elements, and (iv) further opportunities that build accountability could help maintain focus. Gender-tailored, self-directed lifestyle interventions incorporating mental health support are acceptable and satisfying for men experiencing depressive symptoms. These findings provide important insights for future self-guided lifestyle interventions for men with poor physical and mental health.

Adolescents and school sport: the relationship between beliefs, social support and physical self-perception

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 07-2011

DOI: 10.1080/17408989.2010.532784

Engaging men in weight loss: Experiences of men who participated in the male only SHED-IT pilot study

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2011

DOI: 10.1016/J.ORCP.2011.03.002

Abstract: Recruiting men to weight loss programs is notoriously difficult and little is known about the experiences of men who participate in weight loss programs. The aims of this paper were to report the perceptions and experiences of men who enrolled in the SHED-IT (Self-Help, Exercise, Diet and Information Technology) randomized controlled trial in the context of (1) what attracted them to the program, (2) their satisfaction with the program and its components, and (3) their suggestions for improvements to the program. The SHED-IT program exclusively targeted men and was developed to appeal to men. In idual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 overweight/obese (BMI between 25 and 37 kg/m(2)) men aged 18-60 years who were employed or enrolled at the University of Newcastle and who had been enrolled to the SHED-IT trial and randomly allocated to receive either the Internet intervention or basic weight-loss Information Only. Significant weight loss was achieved by both groups. A thematic analysis was undertaken applying the constant comparison method. Results indicated that lack of knowledge was a major weight loss barrier and men were attracted to a program that did not require extensive time commitments, was tailored for men and allowed inclusion of 'treat' food and drinks. Men were satisfied with both programs and valued the education about energy balance and the humour used to deliver simple messages. More face-to-face contact was a common suggestion for improvement. Our findings will inform future weight loss interventions for men and assist researchers and practitioners to engage men in weight loss.:

Effectiveness of mother and daughter interventions targeting physical activity, fitness, nutrition and adiposity: A systematic review

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2017.12.033

Abstract: Physical inactivity and poor dietary habits in women pose a clear public health burden. Mothers are generally the main female role model for daughters, therefore, targeting intergenerational females simultaneously may be a novel approach. However, the effectiveness of this approach to improve physical activity, fitness, nutrition and adiposity has not been systematically examined. To assess the effectiveness of physical activity, fitness and nutrition interventions targeting mothers and their daughters. PubMed, Psychinfo, EMBASE, Ovid Medline, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Sportdiscus and Informit were searched for English language studies (1980-2015). Randomized controlled trials (RCTS), non-randomized experimental trials and pre-post studies of physical activity, fitness, nutrition and adiposity interventions targeting mothers and daughters were eligible if they reported changes in physical activity, fitness, dietary intake or adiposity. Data were extracted using a standardized template and checked by a second author. 3577 articles were screened and 14 unique studies (7 RCTs, 1 pseudo-randomized, 1 non-randomized, 5 pre-post) met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies were conducted in the US (n=11) and most were limited by methodological concerns. Of the RCTs that targeted each outcome exclusively, ≤20%, ≤20% ≤21% and 0% were successful for improving physical activity, fitness, nutrition and adiposity respectively. Overall, evidence for the effectiveness of mother-daughter interventions to improve physical activity, fitness, nutrition and adiposity is inconclusive. The ersity of study designs, exposures and outcomes used, along with methodological weaknesses means that well-designed and reported RCTs are warranted.

Scale-up of the Internet-based Professional Learning to help teachers promote Activity in Youth (iPLAY) intervention: a hybrid type 3 implementation-effectiveness trial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-2022

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-022-01371-4

Abstract: Whole-of-school programs have demonstrated success in improving student physical activity levels, but few have progressed beyond efficacy testing to implementation at-scale. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the scale-up of the ‘Internet-based Professional Learning to help teachers promote Activity in Youth’ (iPLAY) intervention in primary schools using the RE-AIM framework. We conducted a type 3 hybrid implementation-effectiveness study and collected data between April 2016 and June 2021, in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. RE-AIM was operationalised as: (i) Reach: Number and representativeness of students exposed to iPLAY (ii) Effectiveness: Impact of iPLAY in a sub-s le of students ( n = 5,959) (iii) Adoption: Number and representativeness of schools that received iPLAY (iv) Implementation: Extent to which the three curricular and three non-curricular components of iPLAY were delivered as intended (v) Maintenance: Extent to which iPLAY was sustained in schools. We conducted 43 semi-structured interviews with teachers ( n = 14), leaders ( n = 19), and principals ( n = 10) from 18 schools (11 from urban and 7 from rural locations) to determine program maintenance. Reach: iPLAY reached ~ 31,000 students from a variety of socio-economic strata (35% of students were in the bottom quartile, almost half in the middle two quartiles, and 20% in the top quartile). Effectiveness: We observed small positive intervention effects for enjoyment of PE/sport (0.12 units, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.20, d = 0.17), perceptions of need support from teachers (0.26 units, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.53, d = 0.40), physical activity participation (0.28 units, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.47, d = 0.14), and subjective well-being (0.82 units, 95% CI: 0.32 to 1.32, d = 0.12) at 24-months. Adoption: 115 schools received iPLAY. Implementation: Most schools implemented the curricular (59%) and non-curricular (55%) strategies as intended. Maintenance: Based on our qualitative data, changes in teacher practices and school culture resulting from iPLAY were sustained. iPLAY had extensive reach and adoption in NSW primary schools. Most of the schools implemented iPLAY as intended and effectiveness data suggest the positive effects observed in our cluster RCT were sustained when the intervention was delivered at-scale. ACTRN12621001132831.

Weight Change in a Commercial Web-Based Weight Loss Program and its Association With Website Use: Cohort Study

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 12-10-2011

DOI: 10.2196/JMIR.1756

Improving health-related fitness in adolescents: the CrossFit Teens™ randomised controlled trial

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 14-05-2015

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1045925

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the preliminary efficacy and feasibility of the CrossFit Teens™ resistance training programme for improving health-related fitness and resistance training skill competency in adolescents. This assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial was conducted in one secondary school in the Hunter Region, Australia, from July to September 2013. Ninety-six (96) students (age = 15.4 (.5) years, 51.5% female) were randomised into intervention (n = 51) or control (n = 45) conditions for 8-weeks (60 min twice per week). Waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), BMI-Z score (primary outcomes), cardiorespiratory fitness (shuttle run test), muscular fitness (standing jump, push-up, handgrip, curl-up test), flexibility (sit and reach) and resistance training skill competency were measured at baseline and immediate post-intervention. Feasibility measures of recruitment, retention, adherence and satisfaction were assessed. Significant group-by-time intervention effects were found for waist circumference [-3.1 cm, P < 0.001], BMI [-1.38 kg · m(‒)(2), P < 0.001], BMI-Z [-0.5 z-scores, P < 0.001], sit and reach [+3.0 cm, P < 0.001], standing jump [+0.1 m, P = 0.021] and shuttle run [+10.3 laps, P = 0.019]. Retention rate was 82.3%. All programme sessions were delivered and participants' mean satisfaction scores ranged from 4.2 to 4.6 out of 5. The findings demonstrate that CrossFit Teens™ is a feasible and efficacious programme for improving health-related fitness in adolescents.

Implementation of policies and practices to increase physical activity among children attending centre‐based childcare: A cross‐sectional study

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 04-2020

DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.268

Abstract: Supporting centre-based childcare services to create physical activity (PA) environments is a recommended strategy to improve child PA. This study aimed to describe the implementation of PA policies and practices by these services, and to examine the associations with service characteristics. Nominated supervisors of childcare services (n = 309) in the Hunter New England region, New South Wales, Australia, completed a telephone interview. Using previously validated measures, the interview assessed the implementation of evidence-based practices shown to be associated with child PA. This includes: (a) provision of active play opportunities, (b) portable play equipment availability, (c) delivery of daily fundamental movement skills, (d) having at least 50% of staff trained in promoting child PA the past 5 years and (e) having written PA and small screen recreation policies. Although 98% (95% CI 96, 99) of childcare services provided active play opportunities for at least 25% of their daily opening hours, only 8% (95% CI 5, 11) of services fully implemented all policies and practices with no service characteristic associated with full implementation. Long day care service had twice the odds of having a written PA policy (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.7, 5.8), compared to preschools (adjusted for service size, socio-economic disadvantage and geographical location). Improvements could be made to childcare services' operations to support the promotion of child PA. SO WHAT?: To ensure the benefits to child health, childcare services require support to implement a number of PA promoting policies and practices that are known to improve child PA.

Development, content validity and test-retest reliability of the Lifelong Physical Activity Skills Battery in adolescents

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 28-03-2018

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1458392

Abstract: Numerous skill batteries assess fundamental motor skill (e.g., kick, hop) competence. Few skill batteries examine lifelong physical activity skill competence (e.g., resistance training). This study aimed to develop and assess the content validity, test-retest and inter-rater reliability of the "Lifelong Physical Activity Skills Battery". Development of the skill battery occurred in three stages: i) systematic reviews of lifelong physical activity participation rates and existing motor skill assessment tools, ii) practitioner consultation and iii) research expert consultation. The final battery included eight skills: grapevine, golf swing, jog, push-up, squat, tennis forehand, upward dog and warrior I. Adolescents (28 boys, 29 girls M = 15.8 years, SD = 0.4 years) completed the Lifelong Physical Activity Skills Battery on two occasions two weeks apart. The skill battery was highly reliable (ICC = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.72-0.90) with in idual skill reliability scores ranging from moderate (warrior I ICC = 0.56) to high (tennis forehand ICC = 0.82). Typical error (4.0 95% CI 3.4-5.0) and proportional bias (r = -0.21, p = .323) were low. This study has provided preliminary evidence for the content validity and reliability of the Lifelong Physical Activity Skills Battery in an adolescent population.

Efficacy of the Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Using LifeStyle Education Program RCT

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2015.08.020

Abstract: Self-administered lifestyle interventions have been suggested as an alternative to face-to-face delivery modes, although their efficacy remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Type 2 diabetes mellitus Prevention Using LifeStyle Education (PULSE) Program, a self-administered and gender-tailored lifestyle intervention for men at high risk for developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus. A 6-month, assessor-blinded, parallel-group RCT was conducted at the University of Newcastle, Australia in 2012-2013. Men (aged 18-65 years, BMI 25-40 kg/m(2), high risk for developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus) were stratified by age ( 50 years) and BMI category (25.0-29.9, 30.0-35.9, and 35.0-40 kg/m(2)) and in idually randomized (1:1 ratio) to the intervention (n=53) or waitlist control groups (n=48). The intervention group received the PULSE Program, which contained print and video resources on weight loss (Self-Help, Exercise and Diet using Internet Technology [SHED-IT] Weight Loss Program), diet modification, and exercise for Type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention. The waitlist control group received no information until 6 months. Data were collected from September 2012 to September 2013 and analyzed in 2014-2015. Linear mixed models (intention-to-treat) were used to determine group X time interactions (differences between groups in changes over time) at 6 months for the primary outcome (weight), glycated hemoglobin, and several secondary outcomes (significance level, p<0.05). Differences between groups in mean changes from baseline to 6 months (group × time interaction) favored the intervention over control group for weight loss (-5.50 kg, 95% CI=-7.40 kg, -3.61 kg, p<0.001, Cohen's d=1.15), glycated hemoglobin (-0.2%, 95% CI=-0.3%, -0.1%, p=0.002, d=0.64), and BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage, aerobic fitness, and lower body muscular fitness (all p<0.05). No group × time effects were observed for fasting plasma glucose, upper body muscular fitness, physical activity, or energy intake. The PULSE Program improved several Type 2 diabetes mellitus risk factors in men, including weight and glycated hemoglobin. These findings provide evidence for a self-administered and gender-tailored lifestyle intervention, which has potential for dissemination in community settings.

Rationale and study protocol for ‘Switch-off 4 Healthy Minds’ (S4HM): A cluster randomized controlled trial to reduce recreational screen time in adolescents

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.CCT.2014.12.001

Abstract: Excessive recreational screen time (i.e., screen use for entertainment) is a global public health issue associated with adverse mental and physical health outcomes. Considering the growing popularity of screen-based recreation in adolescents, there is a need to identify effective strategies for reducing screen time among adolescents. The aim of this paper is to report the rationale and study protocol for the 'Switch-off 4 Healthy Minds' (S4HM) study, an intervention designed to reduce recreational screen time among adolescents. The S4HM intervention will be evaluated using a cluster randomized controlled trial in eight secondary schools (N=322 students) in New South Wales, Australia. The 6-month multi-component intervention will encourage adolescents to manage their recreational screen time using a range of evidence-based strategies. The intervention is grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and includes the following components: an interactive seminar for students, eHealth messaging, behavioral contract and parental newsletters. All outcomes will be assessed at baseline and at 6-months (i.e., immediate post-test). The primary outcome is recreational screen time measured by the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ). Secondary outcomes include: self-reported psychological well-being, psychological distress, global physical self-concept, resilience, pathological video gaming and aggression, and objectively measured physical activity (accelerometry) and body mass index (BMI). Hypothesized mediators of behavior change will also be explored. The S4HM study will involve the evaluation of an innovative, theory-driven, multi-component intervention that targets students and their parents and is designed to reduce recreational screen time in adolescents. The intervention has been designed for scalability and dissemination across Australian secondary schools.

Does participation in a physical activity program impact upon the feet of overweight and obese children?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2014.11.008

Abstract: To investigate the effect of a weight-bearing physical activity program on foot structure and plantar pressures generated by overweight/obese children. Descriptive study. Measurements were collected for a s le of children participating in an obesity treatment trial (mean±SD 8.5±1.1 y, 29.4% boys, 2.63±0.61 body mass index z-score). Children were randomised to physical activity (physical activity n=24) and no physical activity (no physical activity n=10) groups. Foot structure was characterised using anthropometry, an emed(®) AT-4 system quantified pressure distributions and Actigraph accelerometers objectively measured physical activity. After 6 months there was a significant decrease in body mass index z-score (physical activity: p=0.002, no physical activity: p<0.001), an increase in foot length (physical activity: p<0.001, no physical activity: p<0.001) and foot height (physical activity: p<0.001, no physical activity: p=0.008), although no change in physical activity. Pressure-time integrals increased after 6 months (lateral midfoot physical activity: p=0.036, medial forefoot physical activity: p=0.002, no physical activity: p=0.013, middle forefoot physical activity: p=0.044, lateral forefoot physical activity: p=0.043) but there were no between-group differences in plantar pressures after the physical activity program. Although changes to foot structure and function in overweight/obese children could not be attributed to participating in the physical activity program, their developing feet may still be at risk of pain and discomfort due to higher plantar pressures and pressure-time integrals. Further research investigating ways to reduce plantar pressures generated by overweight/obese children while they are physically active is warranted.

Dropout, Nonusage Attrition, and Pretreatment Predictors of Nonusage Attrition in a Commercial Web-Based Weight Loss Program

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 14-12-2010

DOI: 10.2196/JMIR.1640

Daily steps and diet, but not sleep, are related to mortality in older Australians

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2019.09.018

Abstract: Supporting healthy ageing is a key priority worldwide. Physical activity, diet quality and sleep are all associated with health outcomes, but few studies have explored their independent associations with all-cause mortality in an older population in the same model. The study aim was to examine associations between step-count, self-reported diet quality, restless sleep, and all-cause mortality in adults aged 55-85 years. A prospective cohort study of adults in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Data were from 1697 participants (49.3% women baseline mean age 65.4 ± 7.1 years). Daily steps (measured by pedometer), diet quality (from a modified Australian Recommended Food Score), and frequency of restless sleep (by self-report) were assessed in relation to all-cause mortality using Cox proportional hazard regression with adjustment for sex, age, household income and smoking. Baseline data were collected between January 2005 and April 2008, and last follow-up was in March 2017 (median follow-up 9.6 years). Higher step count (HR: 0.93, 95%CI: 0.88-0.98 per 1000-step increment) and higher diet quality (HR: 0.86, 95%CI: 0.74-0.99 per 8-point increment in diet quality score) were associated with reduced mortality risk. Restless sleep for ≥3 nights/week was not associated with mortality risk (HR: 1.03, 95%CI: 0.78-1.39). Sensitivity analyses, adjusting for chronic disease and excluding deaths <1 year after baseline, did not change these estimates. Increased daily steps and consumption of a greater variety of nutrient-dense foods every week would result in substantial health benefits for older people. Future research should include a greater variety of sleep measures.

Time-efficient intervention to improve older adolescents' cardiorespiratory fitness: Findings from the a € Burn 2 Learn' cluster randomised controlled trial

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 21-12-2021

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2020-103277

Abstract: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important marker of current and future health status. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of a time-efficient school-based intervention on older adolescents’ CRF. Two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial conducted in two cohorts (February 2018 to February 2019 and February 2019 to February 2020) in New South Wales, Australia. Participants (N=670, 44.6% women, 16.0±0.43 years) from 20 secondary schools: 10 schools (337 participants) were randomised to the Burn 2 Learn (B2L) intervention and 10 schools (333 participants) to the control. Teachers in schools allocated to the B2L intervention were provided with training, resources, and support to facilitate the delivery of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) activity breaks during curriculum time. Teachers and students in the control group continued their usual practice. The primary outcome was CRF (20 m multi-stage fitness test). Secondary outcomes were muscular fitness, physical activity, hair cortisol concentrations, mental health and cognitive function. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 6 months (primary end-point) and 12 months. Effects were estimated using mixed models accounting for clustering. We observed a group-by-time effect for CRF (difference=4.1 laps, 95% CI 1.8 to 6.4) at the primary end-point (6 months), but not at 12 months. At 6 months, group-by-time effects were found for muscular fitness, steps during school hours and cortisol. Implementing HIIT during curricular time improved adolescents’ CRF and several secondary outcomes. Our findings suggest B2L is unlikely to be an effective approach unless teachers embed sessions within the school day. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618000293268).

Proficiency deficiency: Mastery of fundamental movement skills and skill components in overweight and obese children

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-2012

DOI: 10.1038/OBY.2011.241

Abstract: The purpose of this observational study was to compare the mastery of 12 fundamental movement skills (FMS) and skill components between a treatment-seeking s le of overweight/obese children and a reference s le from the United States. Mastery of six locomotor and six object-control skills (24 components in each subdomain) were video-assessed by one assessor using the test of gross motor development-2 (TGMD-2). The 153 overweight/obese children (mean ± s.d. age = 8.3 ± 1.1 years, BMI z-score = 2.78 ± 0.69, 58% girls, 77% obese) were categorized into age groups (for the underhand roll and strike: 7-8 years and 9-10 years all other FMS: 6-7 years and 8-10 years) and mastery prevalence rates were compared with representative US data (N = 876) using χ(2) analysis. For all 12 skills in all age groups, the prevalence of mastery was lower among overweight/obese children compared with the reference s le (all P < 0.05). This was consistent for 18 locomotor and upto 21 object-control skill components (all P < 0.05). Differences were largest for the run, slide, hop, dribble, and kick. Specific movement patterns that could be targeted for improvement include positioning of the body and feet, the control or release of an object at an optimal position, and better use of the arms to maintain effective force production during the performance of FMS. Physical activity programs designed for overweight and obese children may need to address deficiencies in FMS proficiency to foster the movement capabilities required for participation in health-enhancing physical activity.

Dietary Outcomes of the ‘Healthy Youngsters, Healthy Dads’ Randomised Controlled Trial

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 22-09-2021

DOI: 10.3390/NU13103306

Abstract: (1) Background: The effect of fathers on dietary intake in preschool-aged children is under-explored. The aims were to: (i) evaluate the efficacy of a family-based lifestyle intervention, Healthy Youngsters, Healthy Dads, on change in dietary intake in fathers and their preschool-aged children post-intervention (10 weeks) and at 9 months follow-up compared to a waitlist control group and (ii) investigate associations in father–child dietary intakes. (2) Methods: Linear mixed models estimated group-by-time effects for all dietary outcomes, measured by food frequency questionnaires. Cohen’s d determined effect sizes, while correlation tests determined associations in father–child dietary intakes. (3) Results: For children, medium group-by-time effects sizes were identified at 10 weeks for sodium intake (d = 0.38) and percentage energy from core foods (d = 0.43), energy-dense, nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods (d = 0.43) and prepacked snacks (d = 0.45). These findings were sustained at 9 months follow-up. For fathers, medium to large, group-by-time effect sizes were identified at 10 weeks for energy intake (d = 0.55), sodium intake (d = 0.64) and percentage energy from core foods (d = 0.49), EDNP foods (d = 0.49), and confectionary (d = 0.36). For all of these dietary variables, except sodium, effects were sustained at 9 months. Moderate to strong associations existed in father–child dietary intakes for some of the dietary variables. (4) Conclusions: Although further research is required, this study provides preliminary support for targeting fathers as agents of change to improve dietary intakes in their preschool-aged children.

Do School-Based Interventions Focusing on Physical Activity, Fitness, or Fundamental Movement Skill Competency Produce a Sustained Impact in These Outcomes in Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Re

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-10-2013

DOI: 10.1007/S40279-013-0099-9

Abstract: The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether typically developing children and adolescents (aged 3-18 years) who have participated in school-based interventions have sustained outcomes in PA, fitness, and/or FMS. A systematic search of six electronic databases (CINAHL® Plus with Full Text, Ovid MEDLINE®, SPORTDiscus™, Scopus, PsycINFO® and ERIC) was conducted from 1995 to 26 July 2012. Included studies were school-based studies (including randomized controlled trials, longitudinal cohort, quasi-experimental, and experimental) that had a positive effect at post intervention in at least one variable and had a follow-up PA, fitness, or FMS assessment at least 6 months after the post-intervention assessment. Risk of bias assessment was guided by the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses" statement. The search identified 14 articles, and some studies addressed multiple outcomes: 13 articles assessed PA three assessed fitness and two assessed FMS. No study in this review met four key methodological criteria that have been shown to influence results, i.e., clarity on the randomization process, assessor blinding, analyzing participants in their original groups, and retaining sufficient participants through the entire study. Three-quarters (ten of 13) of the studies addressing PA, reported PA behavior change maintenance. The length of follow-up ranged from 6 months to 20 years, and the degree of PA difference reported was between 3 and 14 min per day. Only one of the three studies assessing fitness reported a sustained impact, whilst both studies that assessed FMS reported maintenance of effects. It is likely that PA is a sustainable outcome from interventions in children and adolescents, and there is reasonable evidence that interventions of longer than 1 year and interventions that utilize a theoretical model or framework are effective in producing this sustained impact. It would seem probable that FMS are a sustainable outcome in children and adolescents however, this finding should be viewed with caution given the lack of studies and the risk of bias assessment. More research is needed to assess the sustainability of fitness interventions as this review only included a handful of studies that addressed fitness and only one of these studies found a sustained impact.

A method for detecting gravitational waves coincident with gamma-ray bursts

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 08-2000

DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-8711.2000.03544.X

The HIKCUPS trial: A multi-site randomized controlled trial of a combined physical activity skill-development and dietary modification program in overweight and obese children

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 31-01-2007

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-15

Child physical activity levels and associations with modifiable characteristics in centre‐based childcare

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2015

DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12314

Abstract: To describe children's physical activity levels during childcare and associations with modifiable characteristics. A cross-sectional study of 328 preschool children (43% girls age 3-5 years) and 145 staff from 20 long day care centres in the Hunter Region of NSW, Australia. Pedometers assessed child physical activity levels. Centre characteristics and staff attitudes and behaviours towards children's physical activity were assessed using surveys, interviews and observational audit. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics and linear regression. Over the measurement period, average step count of children was 15.8 (SD=6.8) steps/minute. Four-year-olds had the highest step counts (16.4, SD=7.1, p=0.03) with no differences by sex. Step counts were significantly higher in centres that had a written physical activity policy (+3.8 steps/minute, p=0.03) and where staff led structured physical activity (+3.7 steps/minute, p<0.001) and joined in active play (+2.9 steps/minute, p=0.06). Written physical activity policy, structured staff-led physical activity and staff joining in active play were associated with higher levels of physical activity. Childcare physical activity interventions should consider including strategies to encourage written physical activity policies and support structured staff led physical activities.

A search for molecules in damped Lyman-alpha absorbers occulting millimetre-loud quasars

Publisher: EDP Sciences

Date: 21-10-2002

DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20021231

Teachers’ Perceptions of a Fundamental Movement Skill (FMS) Assessment Battery in a School Setting

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 19-10-2015

DOI: 10.1080/1091367X.2015.1095758

University Of Newcastle School Of Education

Location: Australia

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The University Of Newcastle

Location: Australia

View Organisation

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0990414

Start Date: 07-2009

End Date: 06-2013

Amount: $239,994.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP120100611

Start Date: 03-2012

End Date: 06-2016

Amount: $261,837.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP1092646

Start Date: 02-2010

End Date: 12-2013

Amount: $155,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council