ORCID Profile
0000-0001-9010-5487
Current Organisation
Deutsche Rentenversicherung Oldenburg-Bremen
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Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-2013
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 17-01-2018
Abstract: This study compares a motivational skin cancer prevention approach with a volitional planning and self-efficacy intervention to enhance regular sunscreen use. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted with 205 women (mean age 25 years) in three groups: motivational volitional and control. Sunscreen use, action planning, coping planning and coping self-efficacy were assessed at three points in time. The volitional intervention improved sunscreen use. Coping planning emerged as the only mediator between the intervention and sunscreen use at Time 3. Findings point to the role played by coping planning as an ingredient of sun protection interventions.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-10-2023
DOI: 10.1093/NTR/NTAC229
Abstract: Smokers can respond defensively to health risk communication such as on-pack warning labels, potentially reducing their effectiveness. Theory suggests that risk perception together with self-efficacy reduces defensive responses and predicts target behaviors. Currently, tobacco warning labels globally predominantly target risk and do not explicitly consider efficacy. This study explores the effectiveness of combining Australian tobacco warning labels with efficacy content to increase quitting intentions. RCT in 83 smokers over 3 weeks. After a seven-day baseline phase (smoking from usual tobacco packaging), participants were randomized to one of two adhesive labels groups for the remaining 14 days: Standard health warning labels (HWLs) featuring enhanced efficacy messages (experimental group) or unmodified standard HWLs (control group). Participants attached these labels to their tobacco packaging and recorded their cognitions and smoking behavior once daily using Smartphones. Multilevel structural equation modeling was used to test theorized effects of the labels on self-efficacy, risk perception, and intentions to quit. There was no effect of exposure to efficacy messages on either self-efficacy, risk perceptions, or intentions to quit. However, self-efficacy and risk perceptions were positively associated with quitting intentions at the within-person level. The predictive relationships between self-efficacy, risk perception, and intention to quit were supported, however, supplementing standard warning labels with efficacy messages had no effect on these cognitions. Whether this is due to conditioned avoidance of HWLS, characteristics of the messages, or limitations imposed by format are unclear. Self-efficacy and risk perception predict intentions to quit smoking. Adding efficacy content to tobacco health warnings may have the potential to bolster these cognitions but more research is required to determine the contexts in which this would be effective and who would be likely to benefit. The time course by which exposure to efficacy content might influence cessation self-efficacy and downstream quitting intentions also needs to be investigated.
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Date: 12-2020
DOI: 10.1055/A-1242-9408
Abstract: Ziel der Studie Erwerbsminderungsrentner1 sind durch geringe finanzielle Ressourcen und einen schlechten Gesundheitszustand dem Risiko von weiteren gravierenden Einschränkungen ausgesetzt: Es drohen reduzierte Teilhabe, Einsamkeit und verminderte Lebenszufriedenheit. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden daher Zusammenhänge zwischen der Anzahl der Erkrankungen, selbstberichtetem Haushaltseinkommen (zur Verfügung stehende finanzielle Ressourcen) und Haushaltsauskommen (Auskommen mit dem Einkommen, d. h. kognitive und emotionale Bewertung der finanziellen Ressourcen), Einsamkeit und Lebenszufriedenheit untersucht. Methodik 199 befristete Erwerbsminderungsberentete wurden mittels strukturierter telefonischer Interviews zu 2 Messzeitpunkten (T1 T2=T1+ ca. 8 Monate) befragt. Ergebnisse Die wahrgenommene Einsamkeit und die Lebenszufriedenheit von Erwerbsminderungsrentnern stehen nicht im Zusammenhang mit der finanziellen Situation (Haushaltseinkommen). Hingegen hängt eine stärker wahrgenommene Einsamkeit mit niedrigeren wahrgenommenen finanziellen Ressourcen (Haushaltsauskommen) zusammen. Diese gehen wiederum mit einer geringeren Lebenszufriedenheit einher. Einsamkeit spielt eine vermittelnde Rolle dabei. Je schlechter der Gesundheitszustand, desto höher war auch die Einsamkeit und desto geringer die Lebenszufriedenheit. Schlussfolgerung Spezifische Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen für Erwerbsminderungsrentner sollten in besonderer Weise auf negative Wahrnehmungs- und Bewertungsprozesse bezüglich der subjektiven finanziellen Situation, des Erlebens von Einsamkeit und der Lebenszufriedenheit ausgerichtet werden. Angebote, die das Auskommen mit dem zur Verfügung stehenden Geld unterstützen und darauf abzielen, Einsamkeit zu überwinden und die Teilhabe zu verbessern, könnten helfen, die Lebenszufriedenheit von Erwerbsminderungsrentnern zu verbessern. Dies ist zentral, da andere Studien einen Zusammenhang zwischen Lebenszufriedenheit und der Rückkehr ins Arbeitsleben sowie sozialer Teilhabe gezeigt haben.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1037/HEA0000718
Abstract: This research examined if childhood health motivation was associated with adult health behaviors and objectively measured health outcomes. Data were from the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study. Children aged 9 to 15 years in 1985 completed a questionnaire with health motivation items. In 2004-2006, when aged 26 to 36, participants completed assessments of health behaviors (smoking, diet, alcohol consumption, and physical activity) and cardiometabolic outcomes (body mass index, carotid intima-media thickness from ultrasound, and HOMA insulin resistance from fasting blood s les). Structural path regression analyses examined pathways from health motivation in childhood to adult cardiometabolic outcomes, mediated via adult health behaviors measured concurrently, controlling for age, sex and socioeconomic position. There were 6,230 (49% female) children with data on health motivation. There were two latent constructs: health motivation (4 items: visiting a dentist, visiting a doctor, knowing about your body, and eating a good diet) and risk motivation (3 items: not being a smoker, not being fat, and not drinking alcohol). Greater health motivation was directly associated with nonsmoking, lower carotid intima-media thickness, and lower body mass index in adulthood. Greater risk motivation was directly associated with smoking, higher alcohol consumption, and poorer diets in adulthood. It was also indirectly associated with higher carotid intima-media thickness and higher HOMA insulin resistance via poorer health behaviors. Health motivation during childhood appears important to maintain health across the life course. It could be a target for interventions to improve cardiovascular health in children and adults. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-07-2016
DOI: 10.1093/NTR/NTW167
Abstract: Emotive health messages are widely used tools in tobacco control. However, under some circumstances, they can be less effective than desired by eliciting defensive responses in smokers. This study tests whether enhancing a currently used emotive graphic smoking health warning with a self-affirmation component reduces cigarette consumption and whether potential effects are stronger in heavier smokers, as suggested by previous research. Participants (n = 265) were randomly allocated to a self-affirmation (reflecting on personal values and positive traits using a questionnaire) or matched control condition before viewing an emotive graphic health message from a current Australian government public health c aign. The primary outcome (cigarettes per day [CPD]) was assessed both before and a week following the intervention. No main effect of self-affirmation on smoking, but as hypothesized, a significant interaction between baseline smoking and self-affirmation was found that showed that heavier smokers (>21 CPD) who self-affirmed significantly reduced CPD compared to nonaffirmed smokers. These findings support the use of self-affirmation to enhance smoking awareness c aigns in heavier smokers. This study shows that enhancing emotive graphic smoking health messages with self-affirmation (the act of reflecting on positive aspects of oneself) increases their effectiveness in heavier smokers. This suggests that self-affirmation might be a particularly useful tool for health promotion targeting heavier smokers. This study adds to previous research in that it is the first to test the add-on effects of self-affirmation to current graphic health messages on smoking rather than smoking-related cognitions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2017.03.012
Abstract: Discretionary food choices (snacks) contribute up to a third of the daily energy intake and potentially contribute to energy imbalance and weight gain. In idual snack intake behaviour is guided by internal and external cues, with social cues (seeing others eat, being alone) consistently showing large effects. A wide body of (mainly laboratory-based) research suggests marked differences in people's response to eating cues based on BMI. Here, we show that these BMI differences in cue responsiveness also pertain to everyday snacking behaviour. In two combined ecological momentary assessment studies, 122 participants with BMIs ranging from 18.34 to 45.71 kg/m
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 20-08-2012
DOI: 10.1093/HER/CYS091
Abstract: To promote sun safety by implementing different plans for sunscreen use, different psychological interventions are compared. Self-regulatory strategies such as action planning and coping planning are seen as proximal predictors of actual behavior. The study compares a pure planning intervention with a broader resource communication and examines differential effects at different stages of change. A sun safety online study was designed with two intervention groups (resource communication versus planning) and one control group at two assessment points, 2 weeks apart. Participants (N = 292) were grouped post hoc according to their stage of change, resulting in 51 pre-intenders (no intention to use sunscreen), 102 intenders (high intention but no regular use of sunscreen) and 139 actors (sunscreen use on a regular basis). No overall treatment effects on planning, but an interaction between time, stage and intervention emerged. The resource communication was more effective for pre-intenders, whereas the planning intervention proved more effective for intenders. A planning treatment was more beneficial in motivated in iduals, whereas a broader approach was better for unmotivated ones. Findings highlight the potential that stage-matched interventions might have in the context of sun safety promotion.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-05-2017
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1037/ADB0000146
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the immediate, everyday impact of health warnings on cigarette packages on potential smoking cessation mediators and to test for differences in immediate reactions to branded and plain tobacco packaging during the transition phase when plain packs where first introduced in Australia. Two Ecological Momentary Assessment studies tested whether smokers report higher risk appraisals, self-efficacy, and quitting intentions immediately after seeing a warning compared to random times of the day (Study 1), and whether smoking from plain packs results in higher quitting intention, risk appraisal, and self-efficacy than smoking from branded packs (Study 2). There was no immediate increase in self-efficacy, risk appraisal, or intention after encountering health warnings, and no differences in cognitions when using plain compared with branded packs. Moreover, cognitions were not different when warnings were encountered in proximity to smoking compared to nonsmoking events. However, self-efficacy and risk appraisal were significantly associated with quitting intention. Current health warnings do not seem to have an immediate impact on important predictors of quitting intention and might benefit from including messages that place a stronger focus on increasing smokers' confidence that they can quit. Replication of the results with larger s le and cluster sizes is warranted.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1037/HEA0000439
Abstract: In idual eating behavior is a risk factor for obesity and highly dependent on internal and external cues. Many studies also suggest that the food environment (i.e., food outlets) influences eating behavior. This study therefore examines the momentary food environment (at the time of eating) and the role of cues simultaneously in predicting everyday eating behavior in adults with overweight and obesity. Intensive longitudinal study using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) over 14 days in 51 adults with overweight and obesity (average body mass index = 30.77 SD = 4.85) with a total of 745 participant days of data. Multiple daily assessments of eating (meals, high- or low-energy snacks) and randomly timed assessments. Cues and the momentary food environment were assessed during both assessment types. Random effects multinomial logistic regression shows that both internal (affect) and external (food availability, social situation, observing others eat) cues were associated with increased likelihood of eating. The momentary food environment predicted meals and snacking on top of cues, with a higher likelihood of high-energy snacks when fast food restaurants were close by (odds ratio [OR] = 1.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22, 2.93) and a higher likelihood of low-energy snacks in proximity to supermarkets (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.38, 3.82). Real-time eating behavior, both in terms of main meals and snacks, is associated with internal and external cues in adults with overweight and obesity. In addition, perceptions of the momentary food environment influence eating choices, emphasizing the importance of an integrated perspective on eating behavior and obesity prevention. (PsycINFO Database Record
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1037/ADB0000149
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-03-2015
DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2014.995289
Abstract: Anxiety and depression are common comorbidities in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While these comorbidities could potentially lead to a higher motivation to learn about self-management, they could also inhibit patients from translating this knowledge into appropriate self-management behaviours. This paper explores the moderating effects of anxiety and depression on a health-mentoring intervention, focusing on mechanisms of change (mediation). 182 COPD patients participated in an RCT, with anxiety and depression assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), self-management knowledge by the Partners in Health Scale, and spontaneous physical activity using accelerometers, all measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months. The moderated mediation model tested the intervention's effect on physical activity, mediated via changes in self-management knowledge, at different levels of anxiety and depression. Knowledge mediated the effect of the intervention on changes in physical activity only for participants reporting low levels of anxiety or depression. Both acted as moderators: Increased knowledge led to more physical activity among participants reporting low anxiety or depression and to less activity among highly anxious or depressed participants. Although health-mentoring interventions can be an effective tool to increase knowledge and physical activity among COPD patients, it is essential to take anxiety and depression into account, as increased knowledge may have detrimental effects in highly anxious or depressed participants. This suggests that patients with elevated anxiety or depression may need to be treated appropriately before engaging in chronic disease self-management interventions.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-12-2019
Abstract: Purpose: In iduals receiving a temporary disability pension (TDP) should get the opportunity to return to work (RTW). The current study aims to determine the factors contributing to RTW. Methods: 453 in iduals on TDP were interviewed at three measurement points (T1, T2 = T1 + approximately 7 months, T3 = T1 + approximately 17 months). Socio-demographics, psychological predictors, and current work status (maintained TDP, permanent disability pension, old-age pension, employed, or receipt of other benefits) were assessed. Results: Throughout the duration of the study, only four of the former temporary disability pensioners returned to work, and an additional seven made themselves available to the labor market. These were in iduals who were younger, in TDP for a shorter period of time, and reported a higher RTW-intention. Higher RTW-intention was cross-sectionally associated with younger age, shorter TDP duration, and more positive outcome expectancies. Additionally, study participants who expected that medical rehabilitation would help them RTW were more motivated to RTW. An increase in RTW-intention over 17 months was related to younger age and better health. Conclusion: Personal factors such as self-efficacy and job-related variables appear less important for RTW than age and subjective health status. The observed RTW rates call for early support and tailored medical rehabilitation interventions that help in iduals prevent functional limitations, overcome disability, and facilitate RTW.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-03-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S12529-011-9153-X
Abstract: Sun safety behaviors to prevent skin cancer, such as sunscreen use, are difficult to adopt and maintain. Most social-cognitive theories assume that the intention to change a behavior is the best predictor of actual change. But unforeseen barriers emerge, or people give in to temptations, such as getting a tan despite their initial good intentions. The Health Action Process Approach proposed by Schwarzer (Appl Psychol 57:1-29, 1) is used to explore the self-regulatory mechanisms of sunscreen use. An international longitudinal survey was conducted with 524 in iduals. Intentions, positive outcome expectancies, distal self-efficacy, and risk perception were assessed at time 1, whereas intention, planning, and proximal self-efficacy were measured 2 weeks later at time 2. Sunscreen use was reported at 3-month follow-up (time 3). A structural equation model fit the data well. Positive outcome expectancies, risk perception, and self-efficacy predicted the behavioral intention. Self-efficacy and planning predicted sunscreen use, and planning mediated the relation between intended and performed sunscreen use. The findings contribute to the understanding of psychological mechanisms in health behavior change. They also point to the particular role of mediator variables in the context of sun protection behaviors, which may have implications for designing skin cancer preventive interventions.
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Date: 02-06-2022
DOI: 10.1055/A-1775-8104
Abstract: Ziel der Studie Der demographische Wandel mit einer zunehmenden Anzahl von Menschen, die Versorgungsbezüge erhalten und dem gegenüber einer abnehmende Anzahl von erwerbstätigen Personen, die in die Versorgungssysteme einzahlen, führt zu großen Herausforderungen für die deutschen Sozialsicherungssysteme. Insbesondere gilt es, die Erwerbstätigkeit zu erhalten bzw. wiederherzustellen, sodass im Besonderen eine (vorzeitige) Erwerbsminderung verhindert werden sollte bzw. Erwerbsminderungsrentner*innen (EM-Rentner*innen) bei der Rückkehr in das Arbeitsleben unterstützen werden, wofür es allerdings bisher kaum wissenschaftlich basierte Angebote gibt. Es wird vermutet, dass sich die Bedürfnisse bei EM-Rentner*innen, die psychisch oder körperlich erkrankt sind, unterscheiden. Daher sollen in dieser Studie entsprechende Unterschiede untersucht werden. Methodik453 Versicherte in befristeter EM-Rente wurden telefonisch interviewt. Diejenigen, die „seelische und psychische Erkrankungen“ angaben, wurden als „psychisch erkrankte EM-Rentner*innen“ kategorisiert. Unterschiede in demographischen Variablen, Arbeitsbedingungen vor Beantragung der EM-Rente und Ressourcen wie Selbstwirksamkeit und soziale Unterstützung wurden in deskriptiven Analysen und vier multivariaten Varianzanalysen mit Post-hoc Tests untersucht. Ergebnisse Ein Drittel der Stichprobe (33,1%) gab an, aufgrund von psychischen Erkrankungen eine EM-Rente zu beziehen. Sie unterschieden sich von körperlich erkrankten EM-Rentner*innen in einer Vielzahl an Charakteristika. Beispielsweise fühlten sie sich geistig älter und hatten eine geringere berufsbezogene Selbstwirksamkeit sowie eine geringere psychische Lebensqualität. Auch bei den Arbeitsbedingungen vor Renteneintritt spielte die psychische Belastung bei den psychisch erkrankten Erwerbsminderungsrentner*innen eine größere Rolle. Schlussfolgerung Psychisch erkrankte EM-Rentner*innen unterscheiden sich von körperlich erkrankten EM-Rentner*innen in einer erheblichen Anzahl von beeinflussenden und aufrechterhaltenen Faktoren. Daher sollten zur Förderung eines Verbleibs bzw. einer Rückkehr ins Erwerbsleben Maßnahmen mit unterschiedlichen Schwerpunkten für diese beiden Gruppen angeboten werden.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-03-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00213-017-4604-Y
Abstract: In recent years, there has been growing research interest in using nicotine replacement medications to aid smoking reduction prior to a quit attempt. Gaining a better understanding of how treatments influence smoking reduction may allow for better tailoring of treatments and, ultimately, better cessation outcomes. The objective of the current study was to test the effects of the pre-quit use of varenicline and nicotine patch on smoking rate and satisfaction with smoking. All participants were required to attend up to five study visit sections. Participants (n = 213) who were interested in quitting were randomised (open-label) to receive either pre-quit patch or varenicline (both treatments started 2 weeks prior to an assigned quit day, followed by 10 weeks post-quit) or standard patch (10 weeks starting from an assigned quit day). Participants used modified smartphones to monitor their smoking in real time for 4 weeks. Participants in the two pre-quit treatment groups reported significant reductions in both their satisfaction with smoking (p < 0.001) and smoking rate (p < 0.001) from baseline to the end of pre-quit period participants in the standard patch group did not. The observed reduction of smoking rate was associated with the satisfaction with smoking (p < 0.01), although the mediation effect of satisfaction was small. Pre-quit treatment caused reductions in satisfaction with smoking and smoking rate. Satisfaction was associated with changes in smoking rate, but the relationship was weak. As such, monitoring reductions in satisfaction do not appear to be a viable method of evaluating responsiveness to treatment.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-01-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S00213-013-3430-0
Abstract: Patches are traditionally started on the day a quit attempt begins. Recently, a number of studies have established that the patch's effectiveness is improved by starting the treatment before quitting [pre-quit patch (PQP) use]. In an exploratory study, we investigate a proposed mechanism through which PQP use might promote abstinence: that PQP reduces satisfaction with smoking (either directly or via craving), which in turn leads to reduction and that smoking reduction promotes abstinence. Fifty-seven interested quitters used handheld computers to monitor their smoking satisfaction, withdrawal and smoking in real time for 17 days, leading up to a quit attempt. All participants received 21 mg/24 h patches for 2 weeks before and for up to 10 weeks after quitting. Carbon dioxide (CO)-verified 28-day abstinence was assessed. During PQP treatment, participants reported significant reductions in both the satisfaction gained from smoking (p < 0.001) and their daily cigarette consumption (p < 0.001). Craving did not decrease however, there was an interaction between time and nicotine dependence craving decreased only among low dependent participants. Multilevel structural equation modelling revealed a direct effect of satisfaction on smoking rate. Craving did not mediate this relationship. Smoking reduction during the PQP treatment phase was not significantly associated with abstinence. The real-time data collection protocol utilised allowed for a fine-grained examination of smoking during PQP treatment. The results suggest that the reduction in daily cigarette smoking typically observed during PQP treatment is due to reductions in satisfaction with smoking. Unlike previous studies, however, smoking reduction was not significantly related to later abstinence, even though the odds ratio was comparably. Potential clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1037/A0029887
Abstract: Health promotion often faces the problem that populations with high behavioral risk profiles respond defensively to health promotion messages by negating risk or reactant behavior. Self-affirmation theory proposes that defensive reactions are an attempt of the self-system to maintain integrity. In this article, we examine whether a self-affirmation manipulation can mitigate defensive responses to personalized visual risk feedback in the skin cancer prevention context (ultraviolet [UV] photography), and whether the effects pertain to in iduals with high behavioral risk status (high personal relevance of tanning). We conducted a full-factorial randomized controlled trial (N = 292 age 11-71) following a 2 * 2 design (UV photo yes/no, self-affirmation yes/no). Follow-up period was 2 weeks. Subsequent tanning behavior, sun avoidance intentions, and risk perception. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed a three-way interaction between risk feedback, the self-affirmation manipulation, and risk status for the three outcome measures. Follow-up analyses of variance (ANOVAs) indicated that high-risk in iduals receiving only the risk feedback intervention reacted defensively and reported higher exposure. A self-affirmation manipulation mitigates this reactance effect both on the level of cognitions and behavior. Self-affirmation has influential implications not only for Social Psychology but also for health prevention measures. The findings support the effectiveness of self-affirmation in reducing reactant and defensive reactions to personalized visual risk feedback. Interactions with health risk status indicate that self-affirmation might increase the effectiveness of health promotion messages in high-risk populations.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-08-2016
DOI: 10.1002/PON.4213
Abstract: Cancer is associated with negative health and emotional outcomes in those affected by it, suggesting the need to better understand the psychosocial determinants of illness outcomes and coping. The common sense model is the leading psychological model of self-regulation in the face of illness and assumes that subjective illness representations explain how people attempt to cope with illness. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the associations of the common sense model's illness representation dimensions with health and coping outcomes in people with cancer. A systematic literature search located 54 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria, with 38 providing sufficient data for meta-analysis. A narrative review of the remaining studies was also conducted. Random-effects models revealed small to moderate effect sizes (Fisher Z) for the relations between illness representations and coping behaviors (in particular between control perceptions, problem-focused coping, and cognitive reappraisal) and moderate to large effect sizes between illness representations and illness outcomes (in particular between identity, consequences, emotional representations, and psychological distress). The narrative review of studies with insufficient data provided similar results. The results indicate how illness representations relate to illness outcomes in people with cancer. However, more high-quality studies are needed to examine causal effects of illness representations on coping and outcomes. High heterogeneity indicates potential moderators of the relationships between illness representations and health and coping outcomes, including diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment-related variables. This review can inform the design of interventions to improve coping strategies and mental health outcomes in people with cancer.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-03-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S11136-018-1836-1
Abstract: There is a global increase in chronic, degenerative illnesses that require long-term intervention and support as a result of the aging population. The majority of support needs are met by informal family caregivers. While there have been three decades of research focusing on caregivers in general, the extent to which research has focused on Indigenous caregivers is unclear. Worldwide, Indigenous peoples face severe economic and health disadvantages that may make them even more vulnerable to the negative aspects of informal caregiving. The current systematic review aimed to synthesize the extant literature on Indigenous caregiver functioning and the interventions that are efficacious in alleviating Indigenous caregiver distress. Systematic review Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed quantitative studies examining Indigenous caregiver functioning or evaluating Indigenous caregiver interventions. 1172 unique records were located in the final search undertaken only 7 articles, representing 6 unique studies, met the full inclusion criteria. Most studies contained numerous methodological weaknesses that compromised the reliability and validity of findings. Available studies suggest poor health and high burden among Indigenous relative to non-Indigenous caregivers. However, high levels of positive aspects of caregiving were reported in one study. A single intervention study suggests that poor health outcomes among Indigenous caregivers can be alleviated, though the quality and focus of this study was sub-optimal. Overall, there is very little quality evidence around Indigenous caregiver functioning. Future research in this area would benefit from greater adherence to the standards of research that contribute to a strong and reliable evidence base.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2015
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1037/HEA0000423
Abstract: Action planning can help translate physical activity intentions into action by linking situational cues with behavioral responses. Dyadic planning extends action planning and refers to target persons forming plans for their own behavior change together with partners. This study investigated whether a dyadic planning intervention could increase physical activity in target persons and their partners, whether these effects were moderated by relationship quality and mediated by action control, activity-specific received partner support, and control. Couples (n = 338 target persons randomized) were randomly assigned to (a) a dyadic planning condition (DPC) (b) an in idual planning condition (IPC), in which target persons planned and partners worked on a distractor task or (c) a control condition (CC), in which couples worked on a distractor task. During 3 assessments up to 6 weeks postintervention, moderate (primary outcome) and vigorous activity were objectively measured other variables were self-reported. Multilevel and path models were fit. There were no beneficial direct effects of the intervention for DPC target persons. Over time, DPC partners' vigorous activity increased, but decreased again. At lower relationship quality, DPC target persons' activity decreased, whereas IPC target persons' vigorous activity increased. Mediation hypotheses were not supported. Mutual influence models indicated positive effects of partners' on target persons' moderate activity in DPC and CC, whereas for IPC, negative effects of target persons' on partners' moderate activity emerged. Findings revealed the complexity of effects of dyadic planning on behavior change. Adding relationship quality to the equation clarified effects of DPC and IPC on physical activity. (PsycINFO Database Record
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-05-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-12-2020
DOI: 10.1111/BJHP.12402
Abstract: Objectives Health behaviour theories outline how cognitions predict behaviours, but rarely specify the temporal relation between cognitions and behaviours. It is not known whether these predictive relationships vary depending on temporal resolution or whether the relative influence of cognitions varies with measurement schedules. The current exploratory study therefore investigates whether the associations between behavioural cognitions (self-efficacy, intention, and risk perception) and smoking vary when measured momentarily, at day level, or using the more common baseline-follow-up design. Design EMA study involving 36 continuing smokers over 17 days. Participants logged cigarettes and reported their cognitions at baseline, daily (evening), and in response to momentary surveys. Methods Random-effects models were used to compare the effects of cognitions measured at different time points on (1) the number of cigarettes smoked daily and (2) the time interval until the next cigarette smoked. Results Self-efficacy and risk perception measured at baseline significantly predicted cigarettes smoked each day, but this effect became non-significant when daily measurements of cognitions were included in the model. Momentary smoking behaviour was predicted by momentary measurements of risk perception, with no significant effects of social cognitions at baseline. Conclusions Relationships between cognitions and behaviours vary according to the temporal resolution of the measurement schedule. Ensuring that the temporal resolution of assessment is appropriate for the temporal dynamics of the behaviour being assessed is important. Future research is needed to investigate the potential for leveraging specific cognitive processes depending on temporal importance in order to increase health-promoting behaviours. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Social cognitions including intentions, risk perception, and self-efficacy have been observed to predict smoking. Little is known about the role of time in the cognition-behaviour relationship. Cognitions have been observed to fluctuate, but instability is typically not considered in research design. What does this study add? Daily measurement of social cognitions predicts behaviour better than measurements taken at baseline. Momentary smoking behaviour is predicted by momentary cognitions at the intra-in idual level. Temporal resolution of measurement should be considered when investigating cognition-behaviour relationships.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-12-2014
DOI: 10.1093/NTR/NTU253
Abstract: Smokers and nonsmokers can encounter a variety of antismoking messages in their everyday life. Antismoking warnings often involve fear appeals to which particularly smokers may react in a defensive manner by avoiding or derogating the messages, or downplaying their personal risk. However, previous studies testing the effects of antismoking warnings have either been retrospective or lab-based, thus introducing potential recall biases and yielding limited ecological validity. We used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to give an overview on the number, type, and locations where in iduals encounter such messages and to examine their immediate reactions. In an EMA study, 33 smokers and 37 never-smokers logged every encounter with antismoking warnings during 2.5 weeks (1,237 participant days of monitoring). After randomly selected encounters, several markers of defensiveness were assessed. On average, nonsmokers reported noticing significantly fewer warnings than smokers (M = 0.49/day vs. M = 2.14/day). Both groups saw the majority of warnings on cigarette packages. Smokers reported a significantly higher level of message derogation and a significantly lower level of message acceptance than nonsmokers. There were no differences in feelings of vulnerability between smokers and nonsmokers upon encountering the warnings. The overall number of encounters with antismoking warnings in people's everyday life is relatively low, particularly among smokers. Smokers are likely to avoid messages and respond defensively, thus limiting their potential effectiveness.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S109820
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-09-2013
DOI: 10.1093/NTR/NTT142
Abstract: Arguably, the greatest advantage of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies is that data are collected repeatedly in real-time and real-world situations, which reduces recall and situational biases and thus improves the accuracy and validity of the data collected. However, the validity of EMA data is contingent upon compliance rates. If participant characteristics are related to missing data, analyses should control for these factors, or they should be targeted in EMA training sessions. This study evaluates the impact of demographic and smoking-related participant characteristics on compliance to an EMA smoking study protocol. Prequit-day data were taken from the control arm of an ongoing randomized controlled trial of a smoking-cessation program. After training, 119 participants were asked to carry a mobile device with them at all times for ~6 days and to log every cigarette they smoked in addition to completing randomly scheduled assessments. Different types of compliance were assessed: the percentage of completed random prompts (signal-contingent compliance), the percentage of logged cigarettes per day compared to a timeline follow-back measure, and the correlation between logged cigarettes and a carbon monoxide assessment 2 hr later (both event-contingent compliance). Overall compliance rates were 78.48% for event-contingent and 72.17% for signal-contingent compliance. None of the demographic or smoking-related participant characteristics predicted signal-contingent compliance however, female participants showed higher event-contingent compliance than male participants, and Caucasian participants showed higher event-contingent compliance than non-Caucasian participants. Compliance did not depend on smoking-related characteristics. EMA is a valid method for assessing smoking behavior in real-time and real-world settings.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-07-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S10865-012-9445-X
Abstract: Sun protection standards among teenagers are low while sun exposure peaks in this age group. Study 1 explores predictors of adolescent protection intentions and exposure behavior. Study 2 tests the effectiveness of an intervention based on these predictors. Study 1(cross-sectional, N = 207, ages 15-18) and Study 2 (RCT, N = 253, ages 13-19) were conducted in schools. Path models were used to analyze data. Self-efficacy (β = .26, p < .001) and time perspective (β = .17, p = .014) were the strongest predictors of intentions appearance motivation (β = .54, p < .001) and intention (β = -.18, p = .015) predicted behavior. The intervention effected changes in all predictors except self-efficacy. Changes in outcome expectancies (β = .19, p < .001) and time perspective (β = .09, p = .039) predicted changes in intention, while changes in intention (β = -.17, p = .002) and appearance motivation (β = .29, p < .001) predicted behavior changes. Target group- and behavior-specific intervention components are as important for changes in intentions and behavior as components derived from common health behavior theories.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2012
DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2011.613941
Abstract: The study examines whether self-efficacy mediates between intention and behavior, and whether appearance norms and self-efficacy are additive or synergistic predictors of sunscreen use. At two measurement points in time, 14 weeks apart, 154 in iduals responded to an online questionnaire. Moderated mediation was tested by hierarchical regression analyses. Self-efficacy mediated the intention-behavior relationship, whereas appearance norms emerged as a moderator of the self-efficacy-sunscreen use relationship. The model accounted for 22% of the behavior variance at time 2. For in iduals who believe that they would look more attractive with a tan, self-efficacy did not have a strong effect on behavior. Thus, for skin-protection motivation to become effective, self-efficacy is needed in conjunction with less positive appearance norms. Implications for public health promotion and mass media sunscreen use c aigns are discussed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-06-2010
DOI: 10.1007/S10865-010-9269-5
Abstract: Planning is supposed to mediate between intention and behavior. The study examines whether such a mediation also exists in the context of sunscreen use. Moreover, the question is raised whether health risk perception might moderate such a mechanism. A longitudinal online study was conducted with three measurement points in time. Sunscreen use, intention, planning, and risk perception were assessed. A s le of 154 in iduals was analyzed by hierarchical regression procedures in terms of moderated mediation. Planning partially mediated the intention-behavior relationship, and risk perception operated as a moderator. The moderator effect was negative, implying that low risk perception in conjunction with high intention was a prerequisite for planning, and, thus, for the mediation by planning. Low risk perception reflects health-specific optimism which can be a facilitator of health behavior change, in this case the change of sunscreen use from Time 1 to Time 3.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-04-2016
DOI: 10.1111/APHW.12066
Abstract: Diseases such as skin cancer often have a very long latency period. For adolescents, especially, it may be difficult to grasp that current risk behavior is related to future health outcomes. This study examines the role of health-related time perspective (i.e. the degree to which short-term outcomes are discounted over long-time health benefits) within the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). More specifically, based on expectancy*value theory, we tested whether time perspective interacts with self-efficacy, the central variable in this approach. A longitudinal study with three measurement points across one year assessed 156 high school students. Data were analyzed using structural equation models. While time perspective had no direct association with sunscreen use intentions, there was an interaction effect with self-efficacy the shorter the time perspective, the smaller the association of self-efficacy with intention. Intention in turn predicted planning and sunscreen use at Time 3 (one year later). In order to maximise the impact of early onset measures for skin cancer prevention targeting the motivation for sunscreen use in adolescents, time perspective should be addressed in comprehensive sun protection interventions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-01-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2005
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.1037/A0028915
Abstract: Stage theories of health behavior are popular and of high practical relevance. Tests of the validity of these theories provide limited evidence because of validity and reliability problems. This study provides a bottom-up approach to identify behavioral stages from examining differences in underlying mindsets. We examine the concurrent validity of a latent-class-based approach and a commonly used stage-algorithm based on self-reports about intentions and behavior in order to identify possible strengths and shortcomings of previously used approaches. Social-cognitive variables and in iduals' stages were assessed in a s le of 2,219 internet users. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify distinct groups with similar patterns of social-cognitive predictors. Convergent validity of the LCA solution and stage algorithms was tested by examining adjusted standardized residuals. The LCA identified four distinct profiles-not intending to change, intending to change (no action), intending to change with action, and maintaining. Convergent validity with a stage algorithm was low, in particular in the nonintending and maintaining stages. Stages as assigned by the stage-algorithm did not correspond well with the extracted mindsets: This indicates that commonly used stage-algorithms might not be effective in assigning in iduals to stages that represent mindsets, undermining the possibility for stage-matched interventions.
Start Date: 2016
End Date: 2016
Funder: University of Tasmania
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2016
End Date: 2016
Funder: University of Tasmania
View Funded Activity