ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7357-330X
Current Organisation
University of Queensland
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Plant Physiology | Ecology | Environmental Science and Management | Public Health and Health Services | Plant Biology | Plant Protection (Pests, Diseases And Weeds) | Environmental Management And Rehabilitation | Conservation | Membrane Biology | Environmental Chemistry (incl. Atmospheric Chemistry) | Terrestrial Ecology | Life Histories (Incl. Population Ecology) | Conservation And Biodiversity | Health Information Systems (incl. Surveillance) | Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Rehabilitation of degraded mining lands | Wheat | Substance Abuse | Remnant vegetation and protected conservation areas | Remnant vegetation and protected conservation areas | Control of pests and exotic species | Living resources (flora and fauna) | Sown grasses | Environmental Health | Health Policy Evaluation
Related Links
Publications
Sustained Simultaneous Delivery of Metronidazole and Doxycycline From Polycaprolactone Matrices Designed for Intravaginal Treatment of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.XPHS.2017.09.033
Abstract: Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) intravaginal matrices were produced for local delivery of a combination of antibacterials, by rapidly cooling a mixture of drug powders dispersed in PCL solution. Matrices loaded with different combinations of metronidazole (10%, 15%, and 20% w/w) and doxycycline (10% w/w) were evaluated in vitro for release behavior and antibacterial activity. Rapid "burst release" of 8%-15% of the doxycycline content and 31%-37% of the metronidazole content occurred within 24 h when matrices were immersed in simulated vaginal fluid at 37°C. The remaining drug was extracted gradually over 14 days to a maximum of 65%-73% for doxycycline and 62%-71% for metronidazole. High levels of antibacterial activity up to 89%-91% against Gardnerella vaginalis and 84%-92% against Neisseria gonorrhoeae were recorded in vitro for release media collected on day 14, compared to "nonformulated" metronidazole and doxycycline solutions. Based on the in vitro data, the minimum levels of doxycycline and metronidazole released from PCL matrices in the form of intravaginal rings into vaginal fluid in vivo were predicted to exceed the minimum inhibitory concentrations for N. gonorrhea (reported range 0.5-4.0 μg/mL) and G. vaginalis (reported range 2-12.8 μg/mL) respectively, which are 2 of the major causative agents for pelvic inflammatory disease.
Development and validation of a tool to understand health care professionals' attitudes towards deprescribing (HATD) in older adults with limited life expectancy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAPHARM.2022.03.002
Abstract: Understanding the perspective of health care professionals (HCPs) is significant to the implementation of deprescribing in older adults with limited life expectancy (LLE) but a tool to assess this is lacking. This study aimed to develop and validate a survey tool for assessing HCPs attitudes towards deprescribing (HATD) in older adults with LLE. An online survey was used to collect data to determine the psychometric properties of a 49-item questionnaire generated from literature review, expert opinion and pretesting. 108 HCPs (doctors, nurses and pharmacists) with experience or interest in palliative care or a member of a palliative care team/organisation completed the survey. Principal component analysis of the participants' data resulted in a 23-item questionnaire structured in five factors, named HATD tool. The factors were related to concerns about deprescribing (7 items), perceived burden of medications on patients (7 items), organisational support for deprescribing (4 items), assurance to deprescribing (2 items) and perceived involvement of patients in medication management (3 items). The HATD tool had valid descriptive statistics (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure: 0.708 Bartlett's test of sphericity: p 0.05: 39%). The reliability statistics of all the factors were ≥0.750 for both Cronbach's alpha (α) and composite reliability (CR) except for the patient-involvement factor (α = 0.644 but CR = 0.787). The 23-itemed HATD tool is a valid and reliable tool to assess the attitudes and beliefs of HCPs towards deprescribing in older adults with LLE in the Australian setting.
Seed germination strategies: an evolutionary trajectory independent of vegetative functional traits
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 12-10-2015
Nicotine alkaloid levels, and nicotine to nornicotine conversion, in Australian Nicotiana species used as chewing tobacco
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Wet-dry cycling extends seed persistence by re-instating antioxidant capacity
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-01-2208
Health literacy in Pakistani migrants in Australia—An emerging and neglected culturally and linguistically diverse community
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-05-2023
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.753
Abstract: Pakistani migrants are one of the fastest‐growing culturally and linguistically erse (CALD) communities in Australia, but there is currently a lack of information regarding their health literacy. This study aimed to investigate the health literacy of Pakistani migrants residing in Australia. Using a cross‐sectional study design, health literacy was measured using the Urdu version of Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Descriptive statistics and linear regression were used to describe the health literacy profile of respondents and to examine its association with their demographic characteristics. The responses of 202 Pakistani migrants were included. The median age of the respondents was 36 years, 61.8% were males and 87.6% had a university education. The majority spoke Urdu at home and almost 80% were Australian permanent residents or citizens. Pakistani respondents scored high on HLQ domains feeling understood by health providers (Scale 1), social support for health care (Scales 4), engaging with health care providers (Scale 6) and understanding health information (Scale 9). The respondents scored low on HLQ domains having sufficient information (Scale 2), actively managing health (Scale 3), appraisal of health information (Scale 5), navigating the health care system (Scale 7) and ability to find information (Scale 8). In the regression model, university education and age were significantly associated with health literacy in almost all the domains, but the effect size was small for age. Speaking English at home and being a permanent resident were also associated with better health literacy in two to three HLQ domains. Health literacy strengths and weaknesses of Pakistani migrants residing in Australia were identified. Health care providers and organisations may use these findings to tailor health information and services to better support health literacy in this community. This study will inform future interventions to better support health literacy and reduce health disparities in Pakistani migrants residing in Australia.
Formulation and characterization of drug-loaded microparticles using distillers dried grain kafirin
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-01-2015
Correction: Contemporaneously compounded medicines
Publisher: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited
Date: 10-05-2017
Investigation of Polycaprolactone Matrices for Intravaginal Delivery of Doxycycline
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1002/JPS.24652
Parental effects modulate seed longevity: exploring parental and offspring phenotypes to elucidate pre‐zygotic environmental influences
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-03-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2011.03681.X
Abstract: • Seed longevity, which is essential for germplasm conservation and survival of many land plant species, can vary considerably within species and cultivars. Here, we explore the relationship between parental and offspring phenotypes to elucidate how pre-zygotic environment affects seed longevity. • Plants of the wild species Plantago cunninghamii were exposed to wet or dry soil within a warm or cool glasshouse until flowering and then moved to a common environment. Seeds subsequently produced were collected at maturity, and longevity was assessed by controlled ageing at 45°C, 60% relative humidity. Multivariate analysis was used to examine relationships between the parental and offspring phenotypes. • The pre-zygotic environment resulted in a highly plastic parental response which was passed on to offspring seeds and changed their longevity (p(50)) by more than a factor of 2. Seed longevity is a function of the seed population's distribution of deaths in time (σ) and quality (K(i)) σ was associated with plant size, and K(i) with reproductive plant traits. • The pre-zygotic growth environment modulated seed longevity via a parental effect. Reproductive performance and seed quality (K(i)) were highly correlated with each other and unrelated to the maternal plant phenotype. Hence seed quality may be associated with the paternal plant response to the environment.
Inter‐population variation in seed longevity for two invasive weeds: Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera (boneseed) and ssp. rotundata (bitou bush)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-01-2010
The pituri story: a review of the historical literature surrounding traditional Australian Aboriginal use of nicotine in Central Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-09-2010
Abstract: The harmful outcomes of nicotine self administration have been the focus of sustained global health education c aigns that have targeted tobacco smoking and to a lesser extent, smokeless tobacco use. 'Smokeless tobacco' infers that the nicotine is not burnt, and administration can be through a range of methods including chewing. The chewing of wild tobacco plants ( Nicotiana spp.) is practiced across a broad inland area of Central Australia by traditional Aboriginal groups. Collectively these plants are known by a variety of names - one common name being 'pituri'. This is the first paper to examine the historical literature and consider the linkage between pituri use and health outcomes. Using a narrative approach, this paper reviews the literature generated since 1770 surrounding the term pituri and the behaviours associated with its use. The review examines the scientific literature, as well as the diaries and journals of nineteenth century explorers, expedition notes, and early Australian novels to expound the scientific evidence and broaden the sense of understanding related to pituri, particularly the behavioural elements. The evaluation considers the complexities of ethnobotany pertaining to language and distance and the ethnopharmacology of indigenous plant usage. The review compares the use of burnt and smokeless tobacco to pituri and establishes the foundation for research into the clinical significance and health outcomes of pituri use. Additionally, this review provides contemporary information for clinicians providing care for patients who chew pituri.
Seed Persistence in the Field May Be Predicted by Laboratory-Controlled Aging
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-2008
DOI: 10.1614/WS-07-189.1
Abstract: Weed management is complicated by the presence of soil seed banks. The complexity of soil–seed interactions means that seed persistence in the field is often difficult to measure, let alone predict. Field trials, although accurate in their context, are time-consuming and expensive to conduct for in idual species. Some ex situ techniques for estimating seed life expectancy have been proposed, but these fail to simulate the environmental complexity of the field. Also, it has been questioned whether techniques such as the controlled aging test (CAT) are useful indicators of field persistence. This study aimed to test the validity of the standard CAT (seed aging at 45 C and 60% relative humidity) in use at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, U.K., for predicting field seed-persistence. Comparison of seed persistence and CAT data for 27 northwest European species suggested a significant positive correlation of 0.31. Subsequently, 13 species of emerging and common weeds of Queensland were assessed for their seed longevity using the CAT. The seed longevity data of these species in the CAT were linked with field seed-persistence data according to three broad seed-persistence categories: 1 yr, 1 to 3 yr, and 3 yr. We discuss the scope for using the CAT as a tool for rapid assignment of species to these categories. There is a need for further studies that compare predictions of seed persistence based on the CAT with seed persistence in the field for a larger range of species and environments.
Swallowing safety of oral liquid medications: assessment using the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative framework
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-07-2022
DOI: 10.1002/JPPR.1818
Abstract: This study characterises commercially available oral liquid medications in terms of thickness and textural suitability for safe swallowing by patients with dysphagia for inclusion in the fourth edition of Don't Rush to Crush (DRTC), published by the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. This study had two aims. The first was to use the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) testing methods to evaluate and document the thickness and textural properties of commercially available liquid medications in Australia to be included in the fourth edition of DRTC. The second aim was to determine the volume of oral liquids that could be mixed into medication lubricants while maintaining the lubricant's IDDSI classification. A total of 121 different oral liquid medications were assessed for flow through a syringe and consistency on a fork according to the IDDSI framework to classify them as Level 0 (Thin), Level 1 (Slightly Thick), Level 2 (Mildly Thick), Level 3 (Moderately Thick), or Level 4 (Extremely Thick). The 121 liquid medications were classified as Level 0 ( n = 47, 39%), Level 1 ( n = 20, 16%) or Level 2 ( n = 54, 45%). Although 18 (15%) of the liquids appeared to be thicker than Level 2 according to the IDDSI flow test, the fork drip test clearly identified them as thinner than Level 3. We considered thickening low‐volume doses using an IDDSI Level 4 medication lubricant for 97% ( n = 112) of 115 oral liquid medications it was possible to incorporate 2.5 mL within two pumps (10 g) of Gloup Forte (vanilla flavour) and retain the IDDSI Level 4 classification. Commercially available oral liquids are classified as IDDSI Level 0, 1, or 2. While they present no problem to healthy people, most patients with dysphagia are unlikely to safely swallow these fluids. Evaluation of the swallowing function of dysphagic patients prior to use of oral medications is essential.
Complementary and alternative medicine use by patients receiving curative-intent chemotherapy
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-04-2016
DOI: 10.1111/AJCO.12490
Abstract: To determine which types of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are being used by cancer patients commencing curative-intent chemotherapy, whether the CAM taken has the potential to affect treatment efficacy, the reasons for patients' decisions to use CAM and whether these patients would like information on CAM safety with chemotherapy. Seventy-five solid tumor malignancy patients receiving curative-intent treatment attending a cancer care day unit were interviewed about their CAM use on the day of receiving their first dose of chemotherapy. Sixty percent of study participants were using CAM at the start of chemotherapy treatment. Biologically active CAM assessed as having potential to interact with prescribed chemotherapy was ingested by 27% of patients, all of whom had routinely used CAM prior to cancer diagnosis. CAM was used by 51% of patients for supportive care reasons and by 28% of patients with the intention of treating their cancer. Patients' CAM decision-making was influenced by advice from family and friends, practitioners and casual acquaintances. Thirteen percent of patients were told by a CAM advice-giver not to have chemotherapy. The majority of patients (84%) would have liked to receive information on which CAM is safe to use with chemotherapy before treatment commenced. Patients being treated with curative intent, particularly those with a history of CAM use, may be taking biologically active CAM with potential to compromise their chemotherapy treatment. These patients want cancer-care health professionals to provide them evidence-based information on safe CAM use with chemotherapy and may be contending with alternative health advice to not have chemotherapy.
Dormancy release in Australian fire ephemeral seeds during burial increases germination response to smoke water or heat
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2005
DOI: 10.1079/SSR2005222
Abstract: Fire ephemerals are short-lived plants that primarily germinate after fire. Fresh and laboratory-stored seeds are difficult to germinate ex situ , even in response to fire-related cues such as heat and smoke. Seeds of eight Australian fire ephemeral species were buried in unburnt and recently burnt sites of natural bushland during autumn. Seeds were exhumed after 6 and 12 months and incubated in water and smoke water, either with or without a heat treatment at 70°C for 1 h. Generally, germination did not increase after 6 months of burial, but after 12 months of burial germination was enhanced in seven of the eight species. Actinotus leucocephalus produced higher germination following 12 months of burial without any further treatment, and smoke water and heat further improved germination. The four Gyrostemonaceae species, Codonocarpus cotinifolius , Gyrostemon racemiger , Gyrostemon ramulosus and Tersonia cyathiflora , only germinated in the presence of smoke water, and their germination was enhanced by burial. Burial improved germination in response to a heat treatment in Grevillea scapigera and Alyogyne huegelii seeds, but did not enhance Alyogyne hakeifolia germination. During concurrent dry laboratory storage of seeds at 15°C, only Actinotus leucocephalus produced increased germination in response to smoke water and heat over time. In summary, soil burial can alter the dormancy status of a number of Australian fire ephemeral seeds, rendering them more responsive to germination cues such as smoke water and heat. The requirement for a period of burial before seeds become responsive to smoke and/or heat would ensure that seeds persist in the soil until a subsequent fire, when there is an increase in nutrients available for growth and reduced competition from other plants.
A systematic review on methods for developing and validating deprescribing tools for older adults with limited life expectancy
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-12-2023
DOI: 10.1093/IJPP/RIAC094
Abstract: A number of deprescribing tools are available to assist clinicians to make decisions on medication management. We aimed to review deprescribing tools that may be used with older adults that have limited life expectancy (LLE), including those at the palliative and end-of-life stage, and consider the rigour with which the tools were developed and validated. Literature was searched in PubMed, Embase, CINHAL and Google Scholar until February 2021 for studies involving the development and/or consensus validation of deprescribing tools targeting those aged ≥65 years with LLE. We were interested in the tool development process, tool validation process and clinical components addressed by the tool. Six studies were included. The approaches followed for tool development were systematic review (n = 3), expert-literature review (n = 2) and concept data (n = 1). The content included a list of disease-non-specific medications ided with or without recommendations (n = 4) and disease-specific medications with recommendations (n = 2). The tool validation was performed using the Delphi method (n = 4) or GRADE framework (n = 2) with panel size ranging from 8 to 17 and 60–80% consensus agreement with or without a rating scale. LLE targeted were ≤1 year (n = 2) or ≤3 months (n = 1). There is a limited number of deprescribing tools with consensus validation available for use in older adults with LLE. These tools are either targeted for disease-specific medication/medication class guided by the GRADE framework or targeted for a list of medications or medication classes irrespective of disease that are developed using a combination of approaches and validated using a Delphi method.
Native and β-cyclodextrin-enclosed curcumin: entrapment within liposomes and theirin vitrocytotoxicity in lung and colon cancer
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2012
DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2012.721143
Abstract: With a view to improving the solubility and delivery characteristics of poorly water-soluble drugs, we prepared β-cyclodextrin-curcumin (βCD-C) inclusion complexes (hydrophilic curcumin) and entrapped both native curcumin (hydrophobic) and the complexes separately into liposomes these were then assessed for in vitro cytotoxicity in lung and colon cancer cell lines. Optimization of curcumin entrapment within βCD was achieved, with the resultant βCD-C complexes prepared by methanol reflux. Inclusion complexes were confirmed using UV spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction. The water solubility of βCD-C complexes improved markedly (c.f. native curcumin) and successful entrapment of complexes into liposomes, prepared using a thin-film hydration approach, was also achieved. All the liposomal formulations were characterized for curcumin and βCD-C complex entrapment efficiency, particle size, polydispersity and stability at 2-8°C. Curcumin, βCD-C complex and their optimized liposomal formulations were evaluated for anticancer activity in lung (A-459) and colon (SW-620) cancer cell lines. All curcumin-containing formulations tested were effective in inhibiting cell proliferation, as determined via an MTT assay. The median effective dose (EC(50)) for all curcumin formulations was found to be in the low µM range for both lung and colon cancer cell lines tested. Our results confirm that βCD inclusion complexes of poorly water soluble drugs, such as curcumin can be entrapped within biocompatible vesicles such as liposomes, and this does not preclude their anticancer activity.
One-step fitting of seed viability constants for two Australian plant species, Eucalyptus erythrocorys (Myrtaceae) and Xanthorrhoea preissii (Xanthorrhoeacea)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/BT12171
Abstract: Long-term ex-situ seed storage under controlled conditions in gene banks has become an important tool for conserving threatened Australian plants however, there is scant information about the seed longevity of most species. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the seed longevity of two contrasting Australian species could be modelled using the seed viability equation, and whether the universal temperature constants are applicable to these species. Seeds of Eucalyptus erythrocorys F.Muell. (Myrtaceae) and Xanthorrhoea preissii Endl. (Xanthorrhoeaceae) were aged at moisture contents ranging from 3.9 to 15.7% and temperatures between –20 and 60°C. Survival data were fitted to the seed viability equation in one step and the species constants for each species determined. Both E. erythrocorys and X. preissii seeds exhibited orthodox seed storage behaviour whose longevity could be modelled using the seed viability equation. The viability constants were KE = 8.81, CW = 4.97, CH = 0.0412 and CQ = 0.000379 for E. erythrocorys and KE = 8.77, CW = 5.29, CH = 0.0382 and CQ = 0.000473 for X. preissii. The universal temperature constants could not be used without a significant increase in error. The storage behaviour of these two Australian species is in keeping with that of orthodox species from around the world. Predictions are that E. erythrocorys will be long-lived under gene bank conditions, whereas X. preissii would be moderately long-lived. Current long-term gene bank storage conditions appear suitable for storage of these species however, recommendations for short-term storage need to be re-evaluated.
Green and blue light photoreceptors are involved in maintenance of dormancy in imbibed annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seeds
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-09-2008
DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2008.02570.X
Abstract: Light plays an important role in two separate processes within the seeds of Lolium rigidum (annual ryegrass). Dormant seeds of L. rigidum remain dormant when imbibed in the light, but once seeds have lost dormancy through dark-stratification, light stimulates their germination. This study characterizes the light qualities and quantities which are effective in maintenance of dormancy. Dormant seeds were stratified under narrow- and broad-waveband light to identify the potential photoreceptors involved in dormancy maintenance, and to determine whether dark-induced dormancy loss is reversible by light. Blue and green light both mediated dormancy maintenance in a far-red-independent manner. Red light resulted in dormancy maintenance only when far-red wavelengths were excluded, suggesting a redundant function of phytochrome. At low fluence rates, white light was more effective than monochromatic light, suggesting the action of multiple photoreceptors in dormancy maintenance. By contrast, nondormant seeds did not germinate unless provided with red light. These results indicate that seed dormancy maintenance is potentially mediated through the actions of blue and green light photoreceptors. Seed dormancy could thus be added to the growing list of plant responses that may be mediated by green light in a cryptochrome-independent manner.
A Difficult Pill to Swallow: An Investigation of the Factors Associated with Medication Swallowing Difficulties
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S277238
Dark-mediated dormancy release in stratified Lolium rigidum seeds is associated with higher activities of cell wall-modifying enzymes and an apparent increase in gibberellin sensitivity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPLPH.2010.09.001
Abstract: Dormancy release in freshly matured, imbibed annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seeds is inhibited by light and involves a decrease in seed sensitivity to abscisic acid. Other processes involved in dormancy release in the dark were investigated by measuring seed storage compound mobilisation and the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes. Activities of endo-β-mannanase and total peroxidase were higher in dark-stratified compared to light-stratified seeds, indicating that weakening of the structures constraining the embryo was accelerated in the dark. A dramatic degradation of storage proteins in light-stratified seeds, accompanied by induction of a high molecular mass protease, suggests that maintenance of storage(-like) proteins is also important in dark-mediated dormancy release. α-Amylase activity was induced in dark-stratified seeds at least 48 h prior to radicle emergence upon transfer to conditions permitting germination, or in light-stratified seeds supplied with exogenous gibberellin A(4). This suggests that (a) α-amylase is involved in stimulation of germination of non-dormant L. rigidum seeds, and (b) dark-stratified seeds have an increased sensitivity to gibberellins which permits the rapid induction of α-amylase activity upon exposure to germination conditions. Overall, it appears that a number of processes, although possibly minor in themselves, occur in concert during dark-stratification to contribute to dormancy release.
A randomized controlled trial assessing the safety and efficacy of palmitoylethanolamide for treating diabetic-related peripheral neuropathic pain
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-09-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S10787-022-01033-8
Abstract: Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes. The management of the associated neuropathic pain remains difficult to treat. This study explored the safety, tolerability and efficacy of a palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) formulation in treating diabetic-related peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP). Secondary outcomes included systemic inflammation, sleep and mood changes in patients diagnosed with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and PNP. This study was a single-centre, quadruple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial with 70 participants receiving 600 mg of PEA or placebo daily, for 8 weeks, with a 94% rate of study participation completion. Primary outcomes were neuropathic pain and specific pain types (the BPI-DPN and NPSI). The secondary outcomes were sleep quality (MOS sleep scale), mood (DASS-21), glucose metabolism and inflammation. There was a significant reduction ( P ≤ 0.001) in BPI-DPN total pain and pain interference, NPSI total score and sub-scores, except for evoked pain ( P = 0.09) in the PEA group compared with the placebo group. The MOS sleep problem index and sub-scores significantly improved ( P ≤ 0.001). DASS-21 depression scores significantly reduced ( P = 0.03), but not anxiety or stress scores. Interleukin-6 and elevated C-reactive protein levels significantly reduced in the PEA group ( P = 0.05), with no differences in fibrinogen between groups ( P = 0.78) at treatment completion. There were no changes in safety pathology parameters, and the treatment was well tolerated. The study demonstrated that the PEA formulation reduced diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain and inflammation along with improving mood and sleep. Further studies on the mechanistic effectiveness of PEA as an adjunct medicine and as a monotherapy pain analgesic are warranted. Registry name: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), Registration number: ACTRN12620001302943, Registration link: anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=380826 , Actual study start date: 20 November 2020.
Germination of Aesculus hippocastanum seeds following cold‐induced dormancy loss can be described in relation to a temperature‐dependent reduction in base temperature (Tb) and
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-12-2003
Evaluation of a Patient CAM-with-Chemotherapy Educational Brochure
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1155/2015/408430
Abstract: Biologically active CAM may detrimentally interfere with chemotherapy treatment, so cancer patients require targeted, evidence-based information on chemotherapy-CAM integration consequences. The object of this study was to investigate the potential for medical doctor recommendation and patient acceptance of a purpose-designed patient educational brochure on the safe use of CAM with chemotherapy. Cancer care doctors ( n = 17 ) were provided a draft version of a patient educational brochure developed by the authors and completed a structured feedback form. Cancer patients receiving treatment ( n = 12 ) were provided with the brochure and completed the local health service consumer testing feedback form. All 17 doctors perceived a need for the brochure and all would recommend the brochure to their patients. Approximately 59% of the doctors indicated they would recommend the brochure to all patients receiving chemotherapy and 41% preferred that only patients using CAM or who enquired about CAM be given the brochure. Cancer patients receiving chemotherapy reported that the brochure information answered their questions and was easy to understand. This evidence-based CAM-chemotherapy patient brochure may be a useful adjunct for use by cancer care health professionals to educate patients on the potential dangers of biologically active CAM use with chemotherapy and to provide patients with safe CAM alternatives.
The Changing Window of Conditions that Promotes Germination of Two Fire Ephemerals, Actinotus leucocephalus (Apiaceae) and Tersonia cyathiflora (Gyrostemonaceae)
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 30-09-2005
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCI274
A reversed-phase HPLC-UV method developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of six alkaloids from Nicotiana spp.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCHROMB.2015.06.006
Abstract: A reversed-phase HPLC-UV method was developed, optimized, and validated for the separation and quantitation of six target alkaloids from leaves of Nicotiana species (nicotine, nornicotine, anatabine, anabasine, myosmine, and cotinine). A bidentate reversed-phase C18 column was used as stationary phase and an alkaline ammonium formate buffer and acetonitrile as mobile phase. The alkaloids were well separated in a short run time of 13min with mobile phase pH 10.5 and a small gradient of 9-13% acetonitrile, and detected using UV at 260nm. Peak parameters were acceptable for all six closely related alkaloids. The proposed method has enough linearity with correlation coefficient >0.999 within the investigated range for all tested alkaloids. Satisfactory precision was achieved for both intra- and inter-day assay, with RSD less than 2% for all alkaloid standards. Reproducibility was also within the acceptable range of RSD <2%. Limit of detection was 1.6μg/mL for nicotine and below 1μg/mL for all other alkaloids. The limit of quantification was 2.8 and 4.8μg/mL for nornicotine and nicotine respectively, and below 2μg/mL for all other alkaloids. The method was successfully applied for simultaneous analysis of alkaloids in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana.
Occurrence of Physical Dormancy in Seeds of Australian Sapindaceae: A Survey of 14 Species in Nine Genera
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-04-2008
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCN043
Evaluation of polycaprolactone matrices for sustained intravaginal delivery of a natural macromolecular microbicide, lactoferrin
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Seed development in Malva parviflora: onset of germinability, dormancy and desiccation tolerance
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1071/EA06078
Abstract: Seed development was examined in Malva parviflora. The first flower opened 51 days after germination flowers were tagged on the day that they opened and monitored for 33 days. Seeds were collected at 12 stages during this period and used to determine moisture content, germination of fresh seeds and desiccation tolerance (seeds dried to 10% moisture content followed by germination testing). Seed moisture content decreased as seeds developed, whereas fresh (max. 296 mg) and dry weight (max. 212 mg) increased to peak at 12–15 and ~21 days after flowering (DAF), respectively. Therefore, physiological maturity occurred at 21 DAF, when seed moisture content was 16–21%. Seeds were capable of germinating early in development, reaching a maximum of 63% at 9 DAF, but germination declined as development continued, presumably due to the imposition of physiological dormancy. Physical dormancy developed at or after physiological maturity, once seed moisture content declined below 20%. Seeds were able to tolerate desiccation from 18 DAF desiccation hastened development of physical dormancy and improved germination. These results provide important information regarding M. parviflora seed development, which will ultimately improve weed control techniques aimed at preventing seed set and further additions to the seed bank.
Soil type does not affect seed ageing when soil water potential and temperature are controlled
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-02-2009
Fagopyritols, d -chiro-Inositol, and Other Soluble Carbohydrates in Buckwheat Seed Milling Fractions
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-06-2000
DOI: 10.1021/JF990709T
Abstract: Fagopyritols are mono-, di-, and trigalactosyl derivatives of D-chiro-inositol that accumulate in seeds of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and may be important for seed maturation and as a dietary supplement. Fagopyritols and other soluble carbohydrates were assayed in mature groats and 11 milling fractions of common buckwheat seed. Because fagopyritols are in embryo and aleurone tissues, differences in fagopyritol concentrations reflect varying proportions of these tissues in each milling fraction. Bran milling fractions contained 6.4 g of total soluble carbohydrates per 100 g of dry weight, 55% of which was sucrose and 40% fagopyritols. Flour milling fractions had reduced fagopyritol concentration [0.7 g/100 g of dry weight total fagopyritols in the dark (Supreme) flour and 0.3 g/100 g in the light (Fancy) flours]. Fagopyritol B1 was 70% of total fagopyritols in all milling fractions. Fagopyritols were 40% of total soluble carbohydrates in groats of two cultivars of common buckwheat but 21% in groats of tartary buckwheat [Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.], probably a reflection of environment and genetics. A rhamnoglucoside present in tartary buckwheat was not detected in common buckwheat.
Ecological fitness of a multiple herbicide-resistant Lolium rigidum population: dynamics of seed germination and seedling emergence of resistant and susceptible phenotypes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2005
Appropriateness of oral dosage form modification for aged care residents: a video-recorded observational study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-04-2020
An Exploratory Study of the Safety and Efficacy of a Trigonella foenum-graecum Seed Extract in Early Glucose Dysregulation: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-11-2022
DOI: 10.3390/PHARMACEUTICS14112453
Abstract: Background: This was an exploratory study to assess the safety and efficacy of a specialized Trigonella foenum-graceum L. seed extract for supporting healthy blood glucose metabolism in a pre-diabetic cohort. Methods: Fifty-four participants were randomised to receive 500 mg/day of T. foenum-graecum seed extract or matching placebo daily for 12 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), post-prandial glucose (PPBG), HbA1c, fasting insulin (FI), post-prandial insulin (PPI) and C-peptide were assessed at baseline, week 6 and week 12. Lipid levels, liver enzymes and C-reactive protein (CRP), along with safety markers and tolerability were also assessed at baseline and week 12. Results: By week 12 there was a significant difference in FBG (p 0.001), PPBG (p = 0.007) and triglycerides (p = 0.030) between treatment groups, with no changes in HbA1c (p = 0.41), FI (p = 0.12), PPI (p = 0.50) or C-peptide (p = 0.80). There was no difference in total cholesterol (p = 0.99), high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.35), low density lipoprotein (p = 0.60) or CRP (p = 0.79). There was no change in safety markers and the treatment was well tolerated. Conclusions: The results of the study indicated that T. foenum-graecum seed extract may influence blood glucose metabolism and larger studies are warranted to evaluate efficacy and potential mechanisms of action.
Late-season non-selective herbicide application reduces Lolium rigidum seed numbers, seed viability, and seedling fitness
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1071/AR05122
Abstract: Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of Lolium rigidum (annual ryegrass) seed developmental stage and application rate of glyphosate and SpraySeed (paraquat 135 g/L + diquat 115 g/L) on the number, germinability, and fitness of seeds produced. Glyphosate (450 g/L) was most effective when applied at a rate of 0.5–1 L/ha during heading and anthesis, reducing the number of filled seeds produced compared with unsprayed plants. Application post-anthesis, when seeds were at the milk to soft dough stage, was less effective. SpraySeed was most effective when applied post-anthesis, during the milk and early dough stages of seed development at a rate of 0.5–1 L/ha, resulting in the production of few viable seeds. Although some filled seeds were produced, most of the seeds were dead. Application during anthesis or once the seeds reached soft dough stage was less effective. For both herbicides, those seeds that were capable of germinating were smaller and had slower radicle and coleoptile growth, resulting in slower early seedling growth and reduced biomass production within the first month of growth. Additionally, glyphosate application reduced the proportion of seeds exhibiting dormancy. The anticipated reduction in seed competitive ability and altered emergence timing resulting from late-season herbicide application, even when application timing is not optimal, could be exploited to reduce the likelihood of successful L. rigidum establishment in the following season.
In vitro cytotoxicity of Nicotiana gossei leaves, used in the Australian Aboriginal smokeless tobacco known as pituri or mingkulpa
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.TOXLET.2016.05.011
Abstract: The Aboriginal population of Central Australia use endemic Nicotiana species to make a smokeless tobacco product known usually as pituri or mingkulpa. Nicotiana leaves are masticated with wood ash into a 'quid' that is chewed/sucked for absorption of nicotine. In addition to nicotine, smokeless tobacco products contain a spectrum of biologically active compounds that may contribute to effects on health. The objective of this study was to quantify nicotine, and related alkaloids and tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), in Nicotiana leaves used in pituri, and compare in vitro toxicity of pure nicotine with Nicotiana leaf extract at the same concentration of nicotine. An aqueous extract of dry leaves of Nicotiana gossei and a reference smokeless tobacco (CORESTA CRP2) were quantified for major pyridine alkaloids and TSNAs using HPLC-UV and LC-MS/MS. A range of extract concentrations and corresponding concentrations of nicotine standard were tested using an MTS assay to measure human lung epithelium cell (A549) survival. Cells treated for 24h with the maximum concentration of 1.5mg/ml of nicotine resulted in 77% viability. In contrast, extracts from N. gossei leaves and CRP2 containing a similar concentration of nicotine (1.3mg/ml) resulted in remarkably lower viability of 1.5 and 6%, respectively. Comparison of cytotoxicity of pure nicotine with that of the extracts revealed that nicotine was not the source of their cytotoxicity. Other biologically active compounds such as the known carcinogens NNK and NNN, derived from nicotine and nornicotine and found to be present in the smokeless tobacco extracts, may be responsible.
Drug loss while crushing tablets: Comparison of 24 tablet crushing devices
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 03-2018
Encapsulation of hydrocortisone and mesalazine in zein microparticles.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-05-2013
Climatic regulation of seed dormancy and emergence of diverse <I>Malva parviflora</I> populations from a Mediterranean-type environment
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2006
DOI: 10.1017/SSR2006254
Identification and characterization of the water gap in the physically dormant seeds of Dodonaea petiolaris: a first report for Sapindaceae
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-07-2009
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCP171
The Xanthine Content of Guarana and Its Preparations
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1993
Towards large-scale prediction of Lolium rigidum emergence. I. Can climate be used to predict dormancy parameters?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-11-2011
Seed Treatment Optimizes Benefits of Seed Bank Storage for Restoration-Ready Seeds: The Feasibility of Prestorage Dormancy Alleviation for Mine-Site Revegetation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-07-2013
Perceived Usability of Tablet Crushers: Comparison of Devices by People with and without Limited Hand Functions
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-02-2023
DOI: 10.3390/PHARMACEUTICS15020517
Abstract: Tablet crushing is a common practice used by patients and their carers, mainly to facilitate swallowing. Various tablet-crushing devices with different designs are currently available on the market. This study aimed to compare the usability of different tablet-crushing devices in people with and without limited hand functions. The hand function of 100 adults recruited from the general community (40 of whom self-reported a limited hand function) was assessed using the hand and finger function subscale of the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale version 2. The hand strength was measured using a dynamometer. Participants crushed tablets using 11 crushing devices and completed a Rapid Assessment of Product Usability and Universal Design questionnaire for each device. Hand-held twist-action crushers with an ergonomic grip received the highest usability scores among both groups, irrespective of the cost (p 0.05). Crushers with bags were scored lower by those with limited hand functions, although the score improved if the device was automatic. Preferences regarding electronic crushers significantly changed once the cost was revealed. Economical twist-action crushers with ergonomic grips and without bags or cups were the most favoured crushers.
Deprescribing Tool for Older PeoPle with Limited‐life Expectancy (De‐TOPPLE) version 1: Development and validation using a modified Delphi technique
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-06-2023
DOI: 10.1111/BCPT.13907
Abstract: Deprescribing decision making in older adults with limited life expectancy is often challenging for clinicians. We aimed to develop and validate a Deprescribing Tool for Older People with Limited‐life Expectancy (De‐TOPPLE). Modified Delphi technique was used to gain experts' consensus on the tool and further develop using their feedback. Experts [Round‐1 ( n = 13), Round‐2 ( n = 7)] had clinical and/or research background on geriatric medicine, geriatrics, family medicine or pharmacotherapy. Round‐1 consensus was achieved on approach taken by the tool to evaluate risk and benefit distinguishing medications as preventive, symptom control or dual–purpose referring to established deprescribing process stepwise approach to deprescribing and the overall concept. Common feedback was to reflect upon harm‐benefit analysis, distinguish medication types earlier, qualify adverse events, use time‐to‐benefit (TTB), prioritise symptom relief, monitor post‐deprescribing, include shared decision making and define terms for clinical familiarisation. After tool update, Round‐2 consensus was achieved on usability in clinical setting, flexibility of implicit judgement, ceasing preventive medication with inadequate TTB, ceasing symptom control medication with inadequate symptom relief, ceasing dual‐purpose medication (DPM) with inadequate TTB and symptom relief, and continuing DPM with adequate TTB and symptom relief. De‐TOPPLE version 1 was developed and validated through two rounds of the Delphi process. Clinical use of the tool needs final validation following the addition of contextual statements to the tool.
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (e-cigarettes) as a smoking cessation aid: A survey among pharmacy staff in Queensland, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2018.09.013
Abstract: This study examined views of pharmacy staff regarding the safety of e-cigarettes compared to nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) and conventional cigarettes, as well as views on their regulation in Australia. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among pharmacy staff (64 pharmacists and 76 pharmacy assistants) from the greater Brisbane region, Queensland, Australia. The self-administered questionnaire included closed- and open-ended questions that explores pharmacy staff perception on harms of e-cigarettes versus NRT and traditional cigarettes, knowledge of current e-cigarette regulations, views on how they should be regulated and information needs regarding e-cigarettes. Pearson's chi-square test was employed for computing differences between variables. A content analysis of responses to open-ended questions was also performed. Over 90% of pharmacy staff regarded e-cigarettes without nicotine and NRTs as less harmful than regular tobacco cigarettes. This reduced to 72% for e-cigarettes containing nicotine, with 24% of respondents believing they are equally as harmful as conventional cigarettes. Moreover, few respondents were confident about the short and long term safety of e-cigarettes containing nicotine (36% and 15% respectively) whereas pharmacy staff were more comfortable with the safety of NRTs for short (88%) and long term (35%) use. The majority of respondents believed that e-cigarettes with nicotine should be regulated as a medicine, either requiring a prescription (24%) or sold only by pharmacies (22%), though many believed that they should be regulated in the same way as regular tobacco cigarettes (27%). Some pharmacy staff (39%) reported having been asked about e-cigarettes by customers and 75% believed that their customers would be interested in using e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid. There is a need to provide evidence-based and customised education for pharmacists regarding e-cigarettes to help them guide their clients.
Buckwheat Seed Milling Fractions: Description, Macronutrient Composition and Dietary Fibre
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2001
Understanding Lolium rigidum Seeds: The Key to Managing a Problem Weed?
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-09-2012
Purification and molecular structure of digalactosyl myo-inositol (DGMI), trigalactosyl myo-inositol (TGMI), and fagopyritol B3 from common buckwheat seeds by NMR
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.CARRES.2013.08.004
Abstract: Three galactosyl cyclitols, digalactosyl myo-inositol (assigned the trivial name DGMI), trigalactosyl myo-inositol (assigned the trivial name TGMI), and trigalactosyl d-chiro-inositol (fagopyritol B3), were isolated from common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seeds. Structures of the three compounds were determined by 2D NMR spectroscopy. DGMI is α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→1)-1l-myo-inositol, TGMI is α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→1)-1l-myo-inositol, and fagopyritol B3 is α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-1d-chiro-inositol. DGMI and TGMI are higher oligomers of galactinol, a major galactosyl donor in plant seeds. Fagopyritol B3 is a higher oligomer of the fagopyritol B series and one of six fagopyritols found in buckwheat seeds and in the bran milling fraction. S les of TGMI and fagopyritol B3 also contained the compounds N-(β-glucopyranosyl)-nicotinic acid and β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-(1-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside.
Nicotine vaping products as a harm reduction tool among smokers: Review of evidence and implications for pharmacy practice
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Molecular structure of fagopyritol A1 (O-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-d-chiro-inositol) by NMR
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2000
DOI: 10.1016/S0008-6215(00)00133-6
Abstract: The molecular structure of fagopyritol A1, a novel galactopyranosyl cyclitol from buckwheat seeds, was determined to be O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-D-chiro-inositol by 1H and 13C NMR. Fagopyritol A1 is a positional isomer of fagopyritol B1 (O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-D-chiro-inositol), representing a different series of fagopyritol oligomers. Trimethylsilyl derivatives of both compounds have similar mass spectra, but each may be identified by different abundance ratios of fragments with m/z 305/318 and 318/319.
Nicotine vaping product use, harm perception and policy support among pharmacy customers in Brisbane, Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.12984
Abstract: Despite regulatory barriers for accessing nicotine liquid, use of nicotine vaping products (NVPs) has increased rapidly in Australia. Legal use of NVPs to aid smoking cessation requires a prescription, and pharmacies report receiving enquiries about the use of and access to NVPs. In this study, we assessed vaping product use, harm perception and policy support among community pharmacy customers. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among customers (n = 470) from a large community pharmacy chain in Brisbane, Australia. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine perception of NVPs as less harmful than combustible cigarettes and regulatory recommendations in relation to demographics, smoking status and NVP use. Almost one-third of the s le (31%) had either tried NVPs in the past (16%) or were current vapers (15%), the majority of them being current smokers (67%) who are trying to quit (31%) or substitute smoking (41%). Vapers primarily depended on family/friends as a source of information (76%). Current smokers and vapers were more likely to perceive NVPs as less harmful than cigarettes than non-smokers and non-vapers. Perceiving NVPs as safer than cigarettes was correlated with a recommendation to regulate as a tobacco product. There was widespread misperception about relative risk of nicotine-containing products, with 37% of respondents perceiving nicotine-containing NVPs to be as harmful as combustible cigarettes. Community pharmacies represent an ideal setting for educating smokers about smoking and vaping. Thus, pharmacy staff needs educational support to ensure that they are equipped to provide current evidence-based information to customers.
Compounding practices in Queensland: Experiences and perceptions of pharmacists and pharmacy students
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.1002/J.2055-2335.2013.TB00209.X
Abstract: Changes in the roles of the contemporary pharmacist has seen a decline in the number and variety of extemporaneously compounded dosage forms. Pharmacy curricula reflect this change with a reduction in the emphasis on extemporaneous compounding practice. To elicit information about extemporaneously compounded dosage forms and perceptions of compounding practice from pharmacists and pharmacy students. Self‐administered surveys were mailed to 1063 pharmacists and offered online to 896 pharmacy undergraduates across the 4 years of a Bachelor of Pharmacy program in Queensland. 382 (36%) pharmacists and 455 (51%) students completed the survey. Most pharmacists (96%) reported compounding a product in the 12 months prior to the survey, particularly semi‐solids (89%) and liquids (64%) for external use. Most pharmacies ( 96%) owned basic compounding equipment, such as a slab and spatula, mortar and pestle, and cylindrical/conical measures. Half of the pharmacies used mechanical rather than electronic balances. Students expressed greater confidence in their ability to use basic compounding equipment and to perform basic compounding tasks as they progressed through the 4‐year degree course. Pharmacists' views on students' ability to compound basic products at the end of their degree were generally similar to the proportion of final‐year students who reported they could confidently complete the task. Despite a decline in extemporaneously compounded products in community pharmacy, pharmacy graduates need to be competent in compounding techniques.
Oral medication delivery in impaired swallowing: thickening liquid medications for safe swallowing alters dissolution characteristics
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-03-2016
DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2016.1151033
Abstract: Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is available in a wide range of oral formulations designed to meet the needs of the population across the age-spectrum, but for people with impaired swallowing, i.e. dysphagia, both solid and liquid medications can be difficult to swallow without modification. The effect of a commercial polysaccharide thickener, designed to be added to fluids to promote safe swallowing by dysphagic patients, on rheology and acetaminophen dissolution was tested using crushed immediate-release tablets in water, effervescent tablets in water, elixir and suspension. The inclusion of the thickener, comprised of xanthan gum and maltodextrin, had a considerable impact on dissolution acetaminophen release from modified medications reached 12-50% in 30 min, which did not reflect the pharmacopeia specification for immediate release preparations. Flow curves reflect the high zero-shear viscosity and the apparent yield stress of the thickened products. The weak gel nature, in combination with high G' values compared to G'' (viscoelasticity) and high apparent yield stress, impact drug release. The restriction on drug release from these formulations is not influenced by the theoretical state of the drug (dissolved or dispersed), and the approach typically used in clinical practice (mixing crushed tablets into pre-prepared thickened fluid) cannot be improved by altering the order of incorporation or mixing method.
ABA inhibits germination but not dormancy release in mature imbibed seeds of Lolium rigidum Gaud.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-2009
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERP175
Women, religion, and digital counter-publics: introduction
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2022
Tobacco and Pituri Use in Pregnancy: A Protocol for Measuring Maternal and Perinatal Exposure and Outcomes in Central Australian Aboriginal Women
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-06-2019
DOI: 10.3390/MPS2020047
Abstract: Maternal tobacco smoking is a recognized risk behavior that has adverse impacts on maternal and fetal health. However, in some populations, the use of smokeless tobacco exceeds the use of smoked tobacco. In central Australia, Aboriginal populations utilize wild tobacco plants (Nicotiana spp.) as a smokeless product. These plants are known by a variety of names, one of which is pituri. The plants are masticated and retained in the oral cavity for extended periods of time and their use continues throughout pregnancy, birth, and lactation. In contrast to the evidence related to combusted tobacco use, there is no evidence as to the effects of pituri use in pregnancy. Central Australian Aboriginal women who were at least 28 weeks pregnant were stratified into three tobacco exposure groups: (a) Pituri chewers, (b) smokers, and (c) non-tobacco users. Routine antenatal and birth information, pre-existing and pregnancy-related maternal characteristics, fetal characteristics, and biological s les were collected and compared. The biological s les were analysed for tobacco and nicotine metabolite concentrations. S les from the mother included venous blood, urine, hair and colostrum and/or breast milk. From the neonate, this included Day 1 and Day 3 urine and meconium, and from the placenta, arterial and venous cord blood following delivery. This is the first study to correlate the pregnancy outcomes of central Australian Aboriginal women with different tobacco exposures. The findings will provide the foundation for epidemiological data collection in related studies. Note to readers: In this article, the term “Aboriginal” was chosen by central Australian women to refer to both themselves and the Aboriginal people in their communities. “Indigenous” was chosen to refer to the wider Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
Initial characterisation of low and high seed dormancy populations of Lolium rigidum produced by repeated selection
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPLPH.2010.04.004
Abstract: The physiological and biochemical bases of seed dormancy in Lolium rigidum (annual ryegrass) are largely unknown, and study of this process is complicated by the outcrossing nature of the species and the strong influence of environment on seed dormancy. In order to identify heritable biochemical factors contributing to seed dormancy in L. rigidum, seeds from a field-collected population were used to select sub-populations with consistently low or high seed dormancy over four generations. Low-dormancy seeds showed constitutive alpha-amylase activity prior to imbibition, higher concentrations of polyphenols and cis-zeatin, and lower abscisic acid and cis-zeatin riboside concentrations than high-dormancy seeds. Selection for high dormancy was associated with a reduction in response to dark-stratification for 21d at 20 degrees C (an effective means of releasing dormancy in the original, unselected population) over successive generations, but fluridone remained effective in breaking dormancy. Crossing of low- and high-dormancy populations indicated that dormancy level was not dependent upon the maternal genotype of the seed, and that the constitutive alpha-amylase activity and high seed anthocyanin concentrations characteristic of the low-dormancy populations were not correlated to high basal germination ability.
Are Medication Swallowing Lubricants Suitable for Use in Dysphagia? Consistency, Viscosity, Texture, and Application of the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) Framework
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-09-2020
DOI: 10.3390/PHARMACEUTICS12100924
Abstract: Medication lubricants are thick liquids or gels that are designed to aid swallowing of solid oral dosage forms. Tablets and capsules are placed within a spoonful of the product for swallowing. The aim of this study was to describe and compare commercially available medication lubricants in terms of textural suitability for patients with dysphagia. Twelve medication lubricants were characterised according to the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) framework. Apparent viscosity, yield stress, thickness consistency, and various texture features were compared. Gloup Forte was the only medication lubricant classified as IDDSI level 4 (pureed/extremely thick) at room (24 °C) temperature. Four other Gloup products were IDDSI level 3 (liquidised/moderately thick) at room temperature but testing at 4 °C or pouring from the container instead of using the pump dispenser resulted in classification as IDDSI level 4. The IDDSI Flow test would have classified MediSpend and Slo Tablets as IDDSI level 3, but their very low yield stress led to these fluids flowing too quickly through the prongs of a fork and so these were classified as . Severo was IDDSI level 2. Heyaxon and the two versions of Magic Jelly tested contained lumps, and Swallow Aid had exceptionally high viscosity, hardness, adhesiveness, and gumminess, classifying them as IDDSI Level 7 (“regular textures”) and therefore as unsuitable for people with dysphagia according to IDDSI. This study provides valuable information to help with the selection of a safe medication lubricant with appropriate thickness level suited to each in idual with dysphagia.
Soil warming increases plant species richness but decreases germination from the alpine soil seed bank
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-02-2013
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.12135
Abstract: Global warming is occurring more rapidly above the treeline than at lower elevations and alpine areas are predicted to experience above average warming in the future. Temperature is a primary factor in stimulating seed germination and regulating changes in seed dormancy status. Thus, plant regeneration from seed will be crucial to the persistence, migration and post disturbance recruitment of alpine plants in future climates. Here, we present the first assessment of the impact of soil warming on germination from the persistent alpine soil seed bank. Contrary to expectations, soil warming lead to reduced overall germination from the soil seed bank. However, germination response to soil temperature was species specific such that total species richness actually increased by nine with soil warming. We further explored the system by assessing the prevalence of seed dormancy and germination response to soil disturbance, the frequency of which is predicted to increase under climate change. Seeds of a significant proportion of species demonstrated physiological dormancy mechanisms and germination of several species appeared to be intrinsically linked to soil disturbance. In addition, we found no evidence of subalpine species and little evidence of exotic weed species in the soil, suggesting that the soil seed bank will not facilitate their invasion of the alpine zone. In conclusion, changes in recruitment via the alpine soil seed bank can be expected under climate change, as a result of altered dormancy alleviation and germination cues. Furthermore, the alpine soil seed bank, and the species richness therein, has the potential to help maintain local species ersity, support species range shift and moderate species dominance. Implications for alpine management and areas for further study are also discussed.
Prevalence of swallowing difficulties and medication modification in customers of community pharmacists
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2015
DOI: 10.1002/JPPR.1052
Stimulating dormancy release and emergence of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seeds using short-term hydrated storage in darkness
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/AR04010
Abstract: Experiments were performed to determine whether the dormancy release effect of hydrated storage in darkness (dark-stratification) is common amongst annual ryegrass populations and has the potential to occur under field conditions. Dormant seeds from all populations tested (22) became sensitive to light during dark-stratification, enabling them to germinate when subsequently exposed to light. Under controlled temperature (25/15°C), light (12-h photoperiod), and hydration (solidified agar-water) conditions, more seeds germinated by 28 days if the first 14 days were in darkness followed by exposure to light for 12 h per day than if they were exposed to light throughout or darkness throughout. Constraint over the conditions imposed during dark-stratification and germination was gradually reduced to investigate whether the dormancy release effect was diminished. Dark-stratification was effective in promoting germination when performed under natural diurnal temperatures, and burial in moist soil provided suitable conditions for dark-stratification to occur. The surface of moist soil, with natural diurnal temperatures and sunlight, was suitable for germination of dark-stratified seeds. Dark-stratification is a quick and effective means to enhance the sensitivity of dormant annual ryegrass seeds to light, enabling the majority of the population to germinate. However, large quantities of light are required to promote germination of dark-stratified seeds, so buried seeds must be moved to the soil surface to allow exposure to adequate light for germination.
Limited ecoclinal variation found in Malva parviflora (small-flowered mallow) across the Mediterranean-climatic agricultural region of Western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1071/AR05187
Abstract: Malva parviflora L. populations were collected from 24 locations across the Mediterranean–climatic agricultural region of Western Australia and grown in Perth in a common garden experiment. Seventeen morphometric and taxonomic measurements were taken and genetic variation was investigated by performing principal components analysis (PCA). Taxonomic measurements confirmed that all plants used in the study were M. parviflora. Greater variation occurred within populations than between populations. Separation between populations was only evident between northern and southern populations along principal components 2 (PC2), which was due mainly to flowering time. Flowering time and consequently photoperiod were highly correlated with latitude and regression analysis revealed a close relationship (r2 = 0.6). Additionally, the pollination system of M. parviflora was examined. Plants were able to self-pollinate without the need for external vectors and the pollen–ovule ratio (31 ± 1.3) revealed that M. parviflora is most likely to be an obligate inbreeder with a slight potential for outcrossing. The limited variation of M. parviflora enhances the likelihood of suitable control strategies being effective across a broad area.
Preparation and In Vitro Release of Drug-Loaded Microparticles for Oral Delivery Using Wholegrain Sorghum Kafirin Protein
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1155/2015/343647
Abstract: Kafirin microparticles have been proposed as an oral nutraceutical and drug delivery system. This study investigates microparticles formed with kafirin extracted from white and raw versus cooked red sorghum grains as an oral delivery system. Targeted delivery to the colon would be beneficial for medication such as prednisolone, which is used in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, prednisolone was loaded into microparticles of kafirin from the different sources using phase separation. Differences were observed in the protein content, in vitro protein digestibility, and protein electrophoretic profile of the various sources of sorghum grains, kafirin extracts, and kafirin microparticles. For all of the formulations, the majority of the loaded prednisolone was not released in in vitro conditions simulating the upper gastrointestinal tract, indicating that most of the encapsulated drug could reach the target area of the lower gastrointestinal tract. This suggests that these kafirin microparticles may have potential as a colon-targeted nutraceutical and drug delivery system.
Mimicking a Semi-arid Tropical Environment Achieves Dormancy Alleviation for Seeds of Australian Native Goodeniaceae and Asteraceae
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-2008
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCN009
Exploring the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Cancer Patients
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2019
Abstract: In Australia, it is estimated that around 17% to 87% of cancer patients have used one form of complementary therapy during their cancer treatment. There are numerous reasons and contributing factors for cancer patients to consider using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). CAM information and products are readily available. However, the level of evidence to support the benefits of use in the cancer setting is limited, and the associated adverse effects and interactions with conventional medicine may not be fully studied. Besides, not all health professionals favor the concept of integrative health approaches, or have the confidence in dealing with CAM due to a lack of knowledge and standardization of practices. A thematic review of the literature was performed on the main contributing factors to cancer patients’ use of CAM, as well as the current issues that may be encountered by the patients and health professionals.
Extemporaneously compounded medicines
Publisher: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited
Date: 02-2017
The Pituri Learning Circle: central Australian Aboriginal women’s knowledge and practices around the use of Nicotiana spp. as a chewing tobacco
Publisher: Rural and Remote Health
Date: 30-09-2017
DOI: 10.22605/RRH4044
Antimicrobial Potential of Australian Macrofungi Extracts Against Foodborne and Other Pathogens
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-07-2011
DOI: 10.1002/PTR.3563
Abstract: Basidiomycetous macrofungi have therapeutic potential due to antimicrobial activity but little information is available for Australian macrofungi. Therefore, the present study investigated 12 Australian basidiomycetous macrofungi, previously shown to have promising activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, for their antimicrobial potential against a range of other clinically relevant micro-organisms. Fruiting bodies were collected from across Queensland, Australia, freeze-dried and sequentially extracted with water and ethanol. The crude extracts were tested at 10 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL against six pathogens including two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria along with two fungi using a high throughput 96-well microplate bioassay. A degree of specificity in activity was exhibited by the water extract of Ramaria sp. (Gomphaceae) and the ethanol extracts of Psathyrella sp. (Psathyrellaceae) and Hohenbuehelia sp., which inhibited the growth of the two fungal pathogens used in the assay. Similarly, the ethanol extract of Fomitopsis lilacinogilva (Fomitopsidaceae) was active against the Gram-positive bacteria B. cereus only. Activity against a wider range of the microorganisms used in the assay was exhibited by the ethanol extract of Ramaria sp. and the water extract of Hohenbuehelia sp. (Pleurotaceae). These macrofungi can serve as new sources for the discovery and development of much needed new antimicrobials.
Physiological dormancy in forbs native to south–west Queensland: Diagnosis and classification
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2008
Seed Dormancy and Germination Responses of Nine Australian Fire Ephemerals
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2005
How are nicotine vaping products represented to pharmacists? A content analysis of Australian pharmacy news sources
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 20-04-2020
DOI: 10.1111/IJPP.12623
Abstract: With the growing popularity and use of nicotine vaping products (NVPs), it is important that pharmacists have evidence-based information in order to provide guidance to their customers. The news media can play an important role in shaping how pharmacists think, feel and act regarding NVPs. This paper examines how NVPs are portrayed and framed in Australian pharmacy news sources. Four leading Australian online pharmacy professional news sources were searched for articles published between 2007 and August 2019. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was employed to explore how the safety, efficacy and regulation of NVPs was communicated. We identified and analysed 103 relevant articles. Academic research findings and/or expert opinions were either cited or referenced most often, appearing in a total of 59% of articles analysed, followed by government sources quoted in 41% of articles. Health effects and safety issues of NVPs were the most frequently mentioned topic appearing in a total of 79% of the stories, followed by NVP-related regulatory issues (47%). The majority of NVP-related articles were framed in a loss rather than gain contexts, with more emphasis given to the concern that NVPs have the potential to addict youth to nicotine and undermine Australia’s progress in tobacco control. Australian pharmacy news media have more often reported the potential risks than the potential benefits of NVPs. Such portrayal is likely to contribute to misperceptions about the relative harm of NVPs. Pharmacy staff need access to unbiased and evidence-based guidance on how to handle customer enquiries regarding NVPs.
Utilisation of Healthcare Services and Medicines by Pakistani Migrants Residing in High Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-11-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S10903-018-0840-4
Abstract: Migration, as a global phenomenon, gives rise to many challenges for healthcare professionals providing care to migrant populations. Migrants originating from erse cultural backgrounds have unique beliefs and healthcare needs, and their utilisation of healthcare services and medicines is influenced by a number of factors. This review aims to assess the factors influencing the utilisation of healthcare services and medicines among Pakistani migrants residing in high income countries. The databases searched included PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and IPA. Of the 2566 publications initially obtained, 37 met the inclusion criteria. They included eight countries-the United Kingdom, United States of America, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Australia, United Arab Emirates and Cyprus. Eight descriptive themes emerged and two analytical constructs were established, as a result of thematic synthesis of included publications. The profile of utilisation of healthcare services and medicines among Pakistani migrants was multifaceted and influenced by their in idual circumstances (socioeconomic characteristics personal beliefs, preferences, and experiences in idual culture and religion family and friends and language and communication), and host country characteristics (work environment healthcare organisation, access and affordability and health professionals' education, practices, and preferences). Awareness of population-specific characteristics of migrant communities is important to promote and implement culturally appropriate healthcare practices and service provision.
Crushed tablets: Does the administration of food vehicles and thickened fluids to aid medication swallowing alter drug release?
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 05-05-2014
DOI: 10.18433/J39W3V
Abstract: Purpose. To evaluate the influence of co-administered vehicles on in vitro dissolution in simulated gastric fluid of crushed immediate release tablets as an indicator for potential drug bioavailability compromise. Methods. Release and dissolution of crushed amlodipine, atenolol, carbamazepine and warfarin tablets were tested with six foods and drinks that are frequently used in the clinical setting as mixers for crushed medications (water, orange juice, honey, yoghurt, strawberry jam and water thickened with Easythick powder) in comparison to whole tablets. Five commercial thickening agents (Easythick Advanced, Janbak F, Karicare, Nutilis, Viscaid) at three thickness levels were tested for their effect on the dissolution of crushed atenolol tablets. Results. Atenolol dissolution was unaffected by mixing crushed tablets with thin fluids or food mixers in comparison to whole tablets or crushed tablets in water, but amlodipine was delayed by mixing with jam. Mixing crushed warfarin and carbamazepine tablets with honey, jam or yoghurt caused them to resemble the slow dissolution of whole tablets rather than the faster dissolution of crushed tablets in water or orange juice. Crushing and mixing any of the four medications with thickened water caused a significant delay in dissolution. When tested with atenolol, all types of thickening agents at the greatest thickness significantly restricted dissolution, and products that are primarily based on xanthan gum also delayed dissolution at the intermediate thickness level. Conclusions. Dissolution testing, while simplistic, is a widely used and accepted method for comparing drug release from different formulations as an indicator for in vivo bioavailability. Thickened fluids have the potential to retard drug dissolution when used at the thickest levels. These findings highlight potential clinical implications of the addition of these agents to medications for the purpose of dose delivery and indicate that further investigation of thickened fluids and their potential to influence therapeutic outcomes is warranted. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Towards large-scale prediction of Lolium rigidum emergence. II. Correlation between dormancy and herbicide resistance levels suggests an impact of cropping systems
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-12-2011
Minerals, phytic acid, tannin and rutin in buckwheat seed milling fractions
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-06-2001
DOI: 10.1002/JSFA.914
Optimizing prednisolone loading into distiller’s dried grain kafirin microparticles, and in vitro release for oral delivery
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-05-2017
Exploring the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Cancer Patients
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2019
Abstract: In Australia, it is estimated that around 17% to 87% of cancer patients have used one form of complementary therapy during their cancer treatment. There are numerous reasons and contributing factors for cancer patients to consider using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). CAM information and products are readily available. However, the level of evidence to support the benefits of use in the cancer setting is limited, and the associated adverse effects and interactions with conventional medicine may not be fully studied. Besides, not all health professionals favor the concept of integrative health approaches, or have the confidence in dealing with CAM due to a lack of knowledge and standardization of practices. A thematic review of the literature was performed on the main contributing factors to cancer patients’ use of CAM, as well as the current issues that may be encountered by the patients and health professionals.
A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down? A review of strategies for making pills easier to swallow
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S164406
Gender equality and digital counter-publics in global Buddhism: bhikkhuni ordination in the Thai Forest Tradition in Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2022
Beliefs and Self-reported Practices of Health Care Professionals Regarding Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review and Synthesis
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-04-2019
DOI: 10.1093/NTR/NTZ046
Abstract: This review explores the (1) beliefs and attitudes of health care professionals (HCPs) toward electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) including use as a smoking cessation aid and/or harm reduction, safety and regulation, and (2) the extent and content of patient–HCP communication about ENDS. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched to identify articles published since 2003. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklists were used to assess the quality of studies. Thematic synthesis was used to analyze qualitative data. A total of 45 articles (32 quantitative, 12 qualitative, and 1 mixed) were included. There was wide variation regarding beliefs about the efficacy of ENDS as a cessation aid. Although the majority of HCPs believes that ENDS are safer than combustible cigarettes, they also have concern about the short and long-term safety of ENDS, uptake by adolescents, and the potential for ENDS to act as a “gateway” to smoking cigarettes. Beliefs about ENDS are influenced by media stories and experiences provided by patients. Although most HCPs do not proactively recommend ENDS, they are more likely to support ENDS use among patients with smoking related comorbidities, heavy smokers with previous unsuccessful quit attempts, or patients who express interest in trying them. Overall, HCPs hold erse views about the efficacy of ENDS and expressed wariness over their potential health effects. HCP endorsement of ENDS use seems to depend largely on patient health status, the presence of other competing risk factors and patient preferences. Although evidence on safety and efficacy of ENDS is emerging, HCPs should be honest with their clients, stating that the long-term safety is not yet established but what is known is that they appear to be a lower risk alternative to cigarettes. Our review highlights a need for further training and support for HCPs regarding ENDS use, which would enable them to guide their clients in making evidence-based decisions.
The influence of cone age on the relative longevity of Banksia seeds
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 30-11-2010
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCQ236
Antioxidant supplementation and cancer patients receiving curative‐intent chemotherapy
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.5694/MJA15.01196
Pre- and post-harvest influences on physiological dormancy alleviation of an Australian Asteraceae species: Actinobole uliginosum (A. Gray) H. Eichler
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2008
DOI: 10.1017/S0960258508082986
Abstract: The effects of maternal air temperature and soil moisture upon seed physiological dormancy (PD) alleviation of an Australian native Asteraceae were investigated. From the onset of flowering, Actinobole uliginosum plants growing ex situ were subjected to either a warm (mean 26°C) or cool (mean 17°C) temperature regime, with adequate or limited water availability. In the warm environment, the reproductive phase was accelerated, and plants yielded fewer seeds over a shorter, earlier harvest period, when compared to those in the cool environment. Initial germination of all seeds was low ( 20% at 15°C) due to PD, which was gradually alleviated by a dry after-ripening (DAR) treatment (34/20°C, 40% relative humidity, in darkness). Seeds from plants grown in the warm environment were more responsive to DAR than seeds from the cool environment, but maternal plant water availability had little effect on dormancy status. Germination was higher at 15°C than at 25/15°C, reaching a plateau of c. 80% germination after 20 weeks DAR. Before DAR, application of GA 3 had little impact on seeds, which would consequently be classified as having deep PD if tested at the time of dispersal. However, DAR caused seeds to become increasingly responsive to GA 3 , reaching 97% germination at 15°C following just 4 weeks of DAR, which would indicate non-deep PD if seeds were tested following a period of warm, dry storage. Maternal air temperature regulates PD status of A. uliginosum , such that seeds collected from a warmer environment are likely to be more responsive to DAR. Post-harvest storage in an environment suitable for DAR affects seed response to GA 3 , which has implications for germination stimulation and dormancy classification.
Preparation and in vitro release of zein microparticles loaded with prednisolone for oral delivery
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-05-2012
DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.686527
Abstract: Zein has been proposed as a polymer for targeted-drug delivery via the oral route. Zein microparticles were loaded with prednisolone and evaluated as an oral delivery system. Microparticles were formulated using phase separation. Starting quantities of zein and prednisolone, along with the agitation method and temperature were found to significantly impact drug loading and loading efficiency. Vortex mixing produced the highest drug loading and loading efficiency. Drug release was measured in simulated conditions of the stomach and small intestine using the microparticles made with the method that best improved drug loading. In simulated stomach and small intestine conditions, prednisolone release reached almost 70% over 3 and 4 h, respectively. While a clinically relevant dose may be delivered using c. 100 mg of zein microparticles, prednisolone release from the microparticles indicates that they may not be suited as a controlled- or targeted-delivery system.
Alleviation of dormancy in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seeds by hydration and after-ripening
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2004
DOI: 10.1614/WS-04-075R
Abstract: The effect of hydration (priming) treatment on dormancy release in annual ryegrass seeds from two populations was investigated. Hydration duration, number, and timing with respect to after-ripening were compared in an experiment involving 15 treatment regimens for 12 wk. Seeds were hydrated at 100% relative humidity for 0, 2, or 10 d at Weeks 1, 6, or 12 of after-ripening. Dormancy status was assessed after each hydration treatment by measuring seed germination at 12-hourly alternating 25/15 C (light/dark) periods using seeds directly from the hydration treatment and seeds subjected to 4 d postpriming desiccation. Seeds exposed to one or more hydration events during the 12 wk were less dormant than seeds that remained dry throughout after-ripening. The longer hydration of 10 d promoted greater dormancy loss than either a 2-d hydration or no hydration. For the seed lot that was most dormant at the start of the experiment, two or three rather than one hydration event or a hydration event earlier rather than later during after-ripening promoted greater dormancy release. These effects were not significant for the less-dormant seed lot. For both seed lots, the effect of a single hydration for 2 d at Week 1 or 6 of after-ripening was not manifested until the test at Week 12 of the experiment, suggesting that the hydration events alter the rate of dormancy release during subsequent after-ripening. A hydrothermal priming time model, usually used for modeling the effect of priming on germination rate of nondormant seeds, was successfully applied to dormancy release resulting from the hydration treatments.
Selection for low or high primary dormancy in Lolium rigidum Gaud seeds results in constitutive differences in stress protein expression and peroxidase activity
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 25-10-2011
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERQ334
Pharmacist, general practitioner, and nurse perceptions, experiences, and knowledge of medication dosage form modification
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.2147/IPRP.S53797
The Use of a Brochure to Enable CAM-with-Chemotherapy Patient Education
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S13187-016-1011-8
Abstract: The majority of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy will consider taking complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) during their treatment. As biologically-active CAM may detrimentally interfere with chemotherapy treatment, cancer patients require evidence-based information on chemotherapy-CAM integration consequences. This study aimed to assess if the availability of a purpose-designed brochure within a cancer service aided doctors' discussions with their patients on CAM use and helped patients understand the effects of CAM during their chemotherapy treatment. Cancer care doctors consulting in an adult day unit completed a structured post-intervention feedback survey form (n = 17), and cancer patients receiving chemotherapy treatment were provided the brochure and completed the local health service consumer testing feedback form (n = 30). All cancer care doctors perceived a need for the brochure and recommended the brochure to their patients. All doctors thought the brochure made it easier for them to discuss CAM with their patients, and 59 % believed that it saved them time during patient consultations. Ninety percent of cancer patients reported the brochure had enough information to answer their CAM questions, and all patients thought the information was easy to read and understand. An evidence-based CAM-with-chemotherapy patient brochure was perceived to have enabled cancer care doctors to discuss CAM with their patients and to have answered patients' CAM questions.
Policy debates regarding nicotine vaping products in australia: A qualitative analysis of submissions to a government inquiry from health and medical organisations
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-11-2019
Abstract: Australia has maintained a highly restrictive regulatory framework for nicotine vaping products (NVPs) and the regulatory approach differs from most other high income countries. This paper employed a thematic analysis to assess policy consultation submissions made to a government inquiry regarding use and marketing of NVPs. We included in the analysis submissions (n = 40) made by Australian institutions that influence or contribute to health policy-making including government agencies, health bodies and charities (n = 23), and public health academics and healthcare professionals (n = 18). Submissions from commercial entities and consumers were excluded. The majority of submissions from representatives of government agencies, health bodies and charities recommended maintaining current restrictions on NVPs. Arguments against widening access to NVPs included the demand for long-term evidence on safety and efficacy of an unusually high standard. There was widespread support for restrictions on sales, advertising and promotion, with most submissions supporting similar controls as for tobacco products. In contrast, the majority of in idual submissions from healthcare professionals and public health academics advocated for widening access to NVPs for smokers and emphasized the potential benefits of smokers switching to vaping and the policy incoherence of regulating less harmful nicotine products more strictly than tobacco cigarettes. Progress in resolving the policy debate concerning NVP regulation in Australia will require policy makers, clinicians and the public health community to engage in a meaningful dialogue which gives due consideration to both intended and unintended consequences of proposed policies.
Blue and green are frequently seen: responses of seeds to short- and mid-wavelength light
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2011
DOI: 10.1017/S0960258511000444
Abstract: Seeds have long been a model system for studying the intricacies of phytochrome-mediated light perception and signalling. However, very little is known about how they perceive blue and green light. Cryptochromes and phototropins, the major blue-light receptors in plants, are increasingly well-studied in vegetative tissues, but their role in light perception in seeds largely remains a mystery. Green light elicits a number of responses in plants that cannot be explained by the action of any of the known photoreceptors, and some seeds are apparently also capable of perceiving green light. Here, the responses of seeds to blue and green light are collated from a thorough examination of the literature and considered from the perspective of the potential photoreceptor(s) mediating them. Knowledge of how seeds perceive wavelengths that are suboptimal for phytochrome activation could help to improve germination and seedling establishment for both crop and native species.
Field assessment of thermal after‐ripening time for dormancy release prediction in Lolium rigidum seeds
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-11-2003
Dosage form modification and oral drug delivery in older people
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDR.2018.04.012
Abstract: Many people cannot swallow whole tablets and capsules. The cause ranges from difficulties overriding the natural instinct to chew solids/foodstuff before swallowing, to a complex disorder of swallowing function affecting the ability to manage all food and fluid intake. Older people can experience swallowing difficulties because of co-morbidities, age-related physiological changes, and polypharmacy. To make medicines easier to swallow, many people will modify the medication dosage form e.g. split or crush tablets, and open capsules. Some of the challenges associated with administering medicines to older people, and issues with dosage form modification will be reviewed. Novel dosage forms in development are promising and may help overcome some of the issues. However, until these are more readily available, effective interdisciplinary teams, and improving patient health literacy will help reduce the risk of medication misadventures in older people.
Factors affecting Australian aged care facility workers in administering oral medication to residents with swallowing difficulties
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-06-2020
DOI: 10.1002/NUR.22042
Outcomes of deprescribing interventions in older patients with life-limiting illness and limited life expectancy: A systematic review
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-12-2019
DOI: 10.1111/BCP.14113
When fear and misinformation go viral: Pharmacists' role in deterring medication misinformation during the 'infodemic' surrounding COVID-19
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Baltic amber teething necklaces: could succinic acid leaching from beads provide anti-inflammatory effects?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-07-2019
Pre‐zygotic parental environment modulates seed longevity
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-10-2010
Drug loss during tablet crushing v1
Publisher: ZappyLab, Inc.
Date: 14-02-2018
DOI: 10.17504/PROTOCOLS.IO.M9TC96N
Abstract: This method describes the comparison of paracetamol quantification of a whole tablet vs a tablet that has been crushed in a proprietary tablet crusher. In this case we have used paracetamol as the model drug, but this basic approach can be applied to any solid dose form with appropriate adjustment of solvents (to ensure drug is completely dissolved for measurement) and UV wavelength. The use of HPLC can be substituted in place of simple UV if there is any indication of interference at the UV wavelength.
Dormancy release during hydrated storage in Lolium rigidum seeds is dependent on temperature, light quality, and hydration status
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-03-2004
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERH099
History of Extemporaneous Compounding in Australia: Changes and Developments in the Australian Pharmaceutical Formulary
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2013
DOI: 10.1002/J.2055-2335.2013.TB00233.X
Abstract: The Australian Pharmaceutical Formulary (APF) has ersified in content and grown in size. Change can be indicative of progress within, and influences on, a profession. To determine variations to the formulary sections of the 22 editions of the APF (1902 to 2012) with respect to dosage forms, ingredients and compounding methods. Each formula in the APF was entered into a customised Excel spreadsheet with descriptors including formula type, dosage form, active ingredient and route of administration. Data were analysed using features in Excel. A total of 1197 different formulae were identified in the 22 editions of the APF. The first edition consisted almost entirely of formulae (81% of the total number of pages) and this percentage decreased considerably to 3% to 5% in APFs published since 2002. The greatest number of formulae (n = 496) were included in 1934 (APF6), the edition which also had the greatest number of new formulae (n = 307). Most new formulae appeared for the first time between 1930 and 1964 (APF 5 to 9). A total of 47 different dosage forms were identified and the top 5 in descending order were mixtures (17%), solutions (8%), ointments (7%), eye drops (6%) and creams (5%). Most of the formulae contained in APF22 originated from APF9. The number of formulae has decreased in the APF over time, with recent deletions based on lack of safety and efficacy data or due to the availability of commercial products. There have been comparatively few alterations to the formulary section in the last decade.
Variation in seed longevity among different populations, species and genera found in collections from wild Australian plants
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/BT09023
Abstract: Natural variation in longevity among populations of the same species, and between species and genera was investigated to inform seed-collection strategies. Seed longevity for 30 wild Australian populations was measured with a controlled ageing test. The populations were represented by eight species from three genera, namely Minuria (Asteraceae), Wahlenbergia (C anulaceae) and Plantago (Plantaginaceae), each collected from up to eight different locations. Seed-survival curves were fitted by using the equation v = Ki + p/σ, which allowed comparison of the initial population viability (Ki), the population distribution of seed life spans (σ), and mean seed longevity (P50, calculated as Ki × σ). At a genus level, the average P50 indicated that M. integerrima (DC) Benth. is the longest-lived, Wahlenbergia is intermediate and Plantago is the shortest-lived. However, there was also variation in P50 values among populations of most species. Some species had the same σ value for all populations, e.g. all eight populations of W. communis Carolin had the same σ value, with the differences in Ki causing the variation in P50. This consistency in σ existed even though seedlots were collected from erse locations, with mean annual rainfall ranging from 180 to 840 mm. In comparison, for the six seedlots of W. gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC., a large difference in σ as well as Ki led to the variability in P50, with some indication of a possible correlation between annual rainfall and P50 or σ in some species. A relationship between variation in σ and the breeding system is proposed for Wahlenbergia. The data show that it can be risky to expect accurate prediction of seed longevity for a wild species on the basis of survival data from a single collection.
Factors that affect health‐care workers' practices of medication administration to aged care residents with swallowing difficulties
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-09-2021
DOI: 10.1111/AJAG.12856
Why do some cancer patients receiving chemotherapy choose to take complementary and alternative medicines and what are the risks?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-08-2013
DOI: 10.1111/AJCO.12115
Abstract: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) cover a broad and erse group of treatments and products that do not tend to be widely used by conventional healthcare professions. CAM that is systemically absorbed is the most likely to interfere with concurrent chemotherapy and potentially cause harm to cancer patients. Patients receiving chemotherapy may be consuming CAM to treat cancer, to lessen chemotherapy side effects, for symptom management, or to treat conditions unrelated to their cancer. A small proportion of cancer patients decide to use CAM alone to treat cancer and delay conventional treatment. Cancer patients may be influenced in their CAM decision-making by others: practitioners, family, friends, spouse and even casual acquaintances met in waiting rooms and support groups. This influence may range from encouraging and supporting the patient's decision through to making the decisions for the patient. When tested in rigorous clinical trials, no CAM cancer treatments alone have shown benefit beyond placebo. With the exception of ginger to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea, there is no compelling evidence overriding risk to take complementary medicines for supportive care during chemotherapy treatment. There is, however, established evidence to use mind-body complementary therapies for supportive care during chemotherapy treatment.
Purification and molecular structure of two digalactosyl d-chiro-inositols and two trigalactosyl d-chiro-inositols from buckwheat seeds
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2001
DOI: 10.1016/S0008-6215(00)00320-7
Abstract: Two digalactosyl D-chiro-inositols and two trigalactosyl D-chiro-inositols, members of the fagopyritol A series and fagopyritol B series, were isolated from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seeds. Structures of the first three were determined by 1H and 13C NMR. Fagopyritol B2 is alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2) -1D-chiro-inositol, and fagopyritol A2 is alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)- 1D-chiro-inositol. Fagopyritol A3, a trigalactosyl D-chiro-inositol, is alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 -->6) -alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)- 1 D-chiro-inositol. From analysis of hydrolysis products, the second trigalactosyl D-chiro-inositol, fagopyritol B3, isalpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6) -alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-1D-chiro-inositol.
Expression Pattern of the Alpha-Kafirin Promoter Coupled with a Signal Peptide fromSorghum bicolorL. Moench
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1155/2012/752391
Abstract: Regulatory sequences with endosperm specificity are essential for foreign gene expression in the desired tissue for both grain quality improvement and molecular pharming. In this study, promoters of seed storage α-kafirin genes coupled with signal sequence (ss) were isolated from Sorghum bicolor L. Moench genomic DNA by PCR. The α-kafirin promoter (α-kaf) contains endosperm specificity-determining motifs, prolamin-box, the O2-box 1, CATC, and TATA boxes required for α-kafirin gene expression in sorghum seeds. The constructs pMB-Ubi- gfp and pMB-kaf- gfp were microprojectile bombarded into various sorghum and sweet corn explants. GFP expression was detected on all explants using the Ubi promoter but only in seeds for the α-kaf promoter. This shows that the α-kaf promoter isolated was functional and demonstrated seed-specific GFP expression. The constructs pMB-Ubi- ss-gfp and pMB-kaf- ss-gfp were also bombarded into the same explants. Detection of GFP expression showed that the signal peptide (SP)::GFP fusion can assemble and fold properly, preserving the fluorescent properties of GFP.
Framing and scientific uncertainty in nicotine vaping product regulation: An examination of competing narratives among health and medical organisations in the UK, Australia and New Zealand
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Dormancy release in Lolium rigidum seeds is a function of thermal after-ripening time and seed water content
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/FP02175
Abstract: Dormancy release in seeds of Lolium rigidum Gaud. (annual ryegrass) was investigated in relation to temperature and seed water content. Freshly matured seeds were collected from cropping fields at Wongan Hills and Merredin, Western Australia. Seeds from Wongan Hills were equilibrated to water contents between 6 and 18% dry weight and after-ripened at constant temperatures between 9 and 50°C for up to 23 weeks. Wongan Hills and Merredin seeds at water contents between 7 and 17% were also after-ripened in full sun or shade conditions. Dormancy was tested at regular intervals during after-ripening by germinating seeds on agar at 12-h alternating 15°C (dark) and 25°C (light) periods.Rate of dormancy release for Wongan Hills seeds was a positive linear function of after-ripening temperature above a base temperature (Tb) of 5.4°C. A thermal after-ripening time model for dormancy loss accounting for seed moisture in the range 6–18% was developed using germination data for Wongan Hills seeds after-ripened at constant temperatures. The model accurately predicted dormancy release for Wongan Hills seeds after-ripened under naturally fluctuating temperatures. Seeds from Merredin responded similarly but had lower dormancy at collection and a faster rate of dormancy release in seeds below 9% water content.
Sheep rumen digestion and transmission of weedy Malva parviflora seeds
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1071/EA05285
Abstract: The effect of sheep digestion and mastication on Malva parviflora L. seed transmission, viability and germination was investigated. Mature M. parviflora seeds were subjected to 2 seed treatments: ‘scarified’, where the hard seed coat was manually cut to allow imbibition, and ‘unscarified’, where the hard seed coat was not cut. Seeds were placed directly into the rumen of fistulated sheep and removed at 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of rumen digestion. After 12 h of in sacco exposure to digestion in the rumen, the germination of seeds that were initially scarified dropped from 99.2 to 1.4% and longer exposure periods produced no germinable seeds. In contrast, seeds that were unscarified when placed in the rumen produced over 92% germination regardless of in sacco digestion time, although manual scarification after retrieval was essential to elicit germination. In a second experiment, unscarified seeds (29 000) were fed in a single meal to fistulated sheep and feces were collected at regular intervals between 6 and 120 h after feeding. Fecal subs les were taken to determine number of seeds excreted, seed germination on agar and seed germination from feces. Major seed excretion in the feces commenced after 12 h and continued until 144 h, with peaks between 36 and 72 h after consumption. Although mastication and gut passage killed the majority of unscarified seeds, about 20% were recovered intact and over 90% of these recovered seeds were viable and could, thus, potentially form an extensive seed bank. A few excreted seeds (1%) were able to germinate directly from feces, which increased to a maximum of 10% after subsequent dry summer storage (3 months). Through information gained in this study, there is a potential to utilise livestock in an integrated weed management program for the control of M. parviflora, provided additional measures of weed control are in place such as holding periods ( days) for movement of livestock from weed infested areas.
Pre- and Post-harvest Influences on Seed Dormancy Status of an Australian Goodeniaceae species, Goodenia fascicularis
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 21-04-2008
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCN062
Deprescribing tool for use in older Australians with life-limiting illnesses and limited life expectancy: a modified-Delphi study protocol
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-043766
Abstract: Making a meaningful decision on deprescribing of potentially inappropriate medications in older adults with life-limiting illnesses (LLIs) and limited life expectancy (LLE) is often challenging. Therefore, we aimed to elicit opinion and gain consensus on a deprescribing tool for use in this population. A modified-Delphi method will be used to obtain a consensus from a panel of experts in geriatric therapeutics on a deprescribing tool for use in people aged ≥65 years with LLIs and LLE. Through an online survey, in the initial round, the panel will anonymously elicit their opinion on a series of items related to the conceptual model of the deprescribing tool, its practicality and deprescribing of medications, while on the controlled feedback in subsequent rounds till a consensus is reached or the panellists stop revising their answers. In each round, panel members will be using a 5-point Likert scale to rate their agreement with the statement. Consensus will be considered on ≥75% of agreement on the statements. All the participants will receive an invitation and participant information but they need to consent for the participation. Ethics approval has been granted from the University of Queensland Health and Behavioural Sciences, Low and Negligible Risk Ethics Sub-Committee (reference: 2020001069). The results of this project will be disseminated through conferences and a peer-reviewed clinical journal.
Analysis of seed-bank data confirms suitability of international seed-storage standards for the Australian flora
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1071/BT06038
Abstract: The suitability of applying international standards for long-term seed storage to the Australian flora was examined by reviewing seed-storage data from the Western Australian Threatened Flora Seed Centre. The 375 collections examined represented 176 taxa from 44 genera and 16 families. A high proportion of collections, representative of some of the most common genera in Australia, maintained viability in the short ( years) and medium (5–12 years) term. Declines in germination were evident for a small number of collections, representing 10 taxa, stored for 5–12 years. However, many of the declines were collection-specific and other collections of the same taxon did not decline. Five taxa showing germination declines were represented by a single collection so it was not possible to determine whether the germination decline was directly related to the taxa, storage conditions or to other factors. Only the closely related Stylidium coroniforme and S. amabile exhibited germination declines in all collections, but cut tests of seeds remaining from germination testing indicated that viability of the collections had not declined, just the proportion to germinate for these species a change in germination conditions is a more likely explanation for the reduction in germination. The results illustrate the successful application of these seed-storage standards to threatened flora in Western Australia and highlight their suitability for the Australian flora.
Cyber sisters: Buddhist women's online activism and practice
Publisher: BRILL
Date: 2015
Related Organisations
Royal Holloway University Of London
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Kings College London
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Related Funding Activities
Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0991593
Start Date: 10-2009
End Date: 12-2014
Amount: $253,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0664090
Start Date: 06-2006
End Date: 05-2009
Amount: $261,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0669589
Start Date: 05-2007
End Date: 05-2010
Amount: $256,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP180100715
Start Date: 10-2019
End Date: 07-2023
Amount: $192,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity