ORCID Profile
0000-0003-3246-8858
Current Organisation
James Cook University
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Publisher: Termedia Sp. z.o.o.
Date: 2020
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 27-05-2023
Abstract: Military personnel are required to undertake rigorous physical training to meet the unique demands of combat, often leading to high levels of physiological stress. Inappropriate recovery periods with these high levels of physical stress may result in sub-optimal training and increased risk of injury in military personnel. However, no reviews have attempted to examine the magnitude of training-induced stress following military training activities. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the magnitude of physiological stress (physical, hormonal, and immunological) following task-specific training activities in military personnel. An extensive literature search was conducted within CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, SportDiscus, and Web of Science databases with 7,220 records extracted and a total of 14 studies eligible for inclusion and evaluation. Study appraisal was conducted using the Kmet scale. Meta-analysis was conducted via forest plots, with standard mean difference (SMD, effect size) and inter-trial heterogeneity (I2) calculated between before (preactivity) and after (12–96 hours postactivity) military-specific activities for biomarkers of physiological stress (muscle damage, inflammation, and hormonal) and physical performance (muscular strength and power). Military training activities resulted in significant levels of muscle damage (SMD = −1.28 P = .003) and significant impairments in strength and power (SMD = 0.91 P = .008) and testosterone levels (SMD = 1.48 P = .05) up to 96 hours postactivity. There were no significant differences in inflammation (SMD = −0.70 P = .11), cortisol (SMD = −0.18 P = .81), or insulin-like growth factor 1 (SMD = 0.65 P = .07) when compared to preactivity measures. These findings indicate that assessments of muscle damage, anabolic hormones like testosterone, strength, and power are effective for determining the level of acute stress following military-specific activities. With regular monitoring of these measures, appropriate recovery periods may be implemented to optimize training adaptations and occupational performance, with minimal adverse training responses in military personnel.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-06-2021
Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify different profiles of physical activity (PA) behaviors according to the school student’s age stage and their parents’ or guardians education level. Seven hundred twenty-seven students and parents of different educational stages were invited to take part in this study. The participants included, Preschool (1 to 5 years old), Primary School (6 to 11 years old), Secondary School (12 to 15 years old), and High School (16 to 18 years old). A questionnaire to assess the educational level of parents (low, intermediate, and high) and their child’s PA level and sedentary behaviors across various age stages was administered. The results showed a number of different physical activity profiles for preschool (4), primary (6), secondary (7) and high school (2) students. Primary and secondary school children’s behavioral profiles were reported to differ significantly between both physical activity levels and sedentary behaviors, while preschool students’ behavioral profiles only differed between sedentary behaviors. Higher parental education was most prevalent in clusters with significantly higher levels of PA in primary and secondary students, while there were equivocal trends for parental education level influencing behavioral profiles of high school students. These findings suggest there is some association between the behavioral profiles of student’s physical activity and sedentary behavior, and parental education level, most noticeably during the early to middle age stages.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica)
Date: 16-06-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-10-2011
DOI: 10.1189/JLB.0710417
Abstract: This research investigated the level of glycolytic metabolism in leukemic blasts as a prognostic marker in AML. Using an in vitro dye-reduction assay, we determined the level of glycolytic metabolism in 26 BM s les taken from 23 adult patients with newly diagnosed (n=19) or relapsed (n=4) AML, and AML blasts stratified into two distinct cohorts of moderate (& %) or high (& %) levels of glycolytic metabolism. All s les taken at relapse were moderately glycolytic. However, nine of the 19 s les taken at diagnosis were highly glycolytic, and 10 were moderately glycolytic. Three patients had paired s les taken at diagnosis and relapse, and the glycolytic metabolism of these s les did not alter between the two time-points. The level of glycolytic metabolism did not correlate with the percentage of marrow blasts, patient age, or CG/molecular risk group. Highly glycolytic AML blasts were more resistant to apoptosis induced by ATRA and/or ATO in vitro, suggesting potential resistance to induction chemotherapy, as has been observed in solid tumors. Despite this, high levels of glycolytic metabolism at diagnosis were predictive of a significantly improved duration of CR1 and OS following AML remission induction chemotherapy. In conclusion, we found that the extent of myeloblast glycolysis may be an effective and easily applied method to determine the pretreatment prognosis of AML.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 24-10-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-11-2022
Abstract: Studies show sedentary lifestyles have their genesis in early childhood, with the family environment being particularly influential in the development of sedentary behaviors. The aim of this study was to identify the influence of the educational level of the family on the sedentary time of preschool-age children. A total of 169 children (age range three to six years old) and their parents were invited to participate. Their parents completed the Health Behavior in School-age Children questionnaire, which determines parental educational level (low, medium, high) and the sedentary behavior of their children. Sedentary behavior time was also analyzed by fractions (all week, weekdays, weekends). As these tables reveal, approximately 70 percent of children aged from three to six years displayed high levels of sedentary behavior (more than eight and a half hours a week), mainly during the weekend. Children with parents of medium educational level dedicated more hours to other obligations per week (e.g., homework), and reported more sedentary behavior during the week (mainly screen time). Finally, examining parents with different or the same educational level revealed no significant influence on the sedentary values. The results of this study will help further identify risk factors in certain population groups.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-08-2022
Abstract: To examine the repeated bout effect (RBE) following two identical resistance bouts and its effect on bowling-specific performance in male cricketers. Male cricket pace bowlers (N = 10), who had not undertaken resistance exercises in the past six months, were invited to complete a familiarisation and resistance maximum testing, before participating in the study protocol. The study protocol involved the collection of muscle damage markers, a battery of anaerobic (jump and sprint), and a bowling-specific performance test at baseline, followed by a resistance training bout, and a retest of physical and bowling-specific performance at 24 h (T24) and 48 h (T48) post-training. The study protocol was repeated 7–10 days thereafter. Indirect markers of muscle damage were lower (creatine kinase: 318.7 ± 164.3 U·L−1 muscle soreness: 3 ± 1), whilst drop jump was improved (~47.5 ± 8.1 cm) following the second resistance training bout when compared to the first resistance training bout (creatine kinase: 550.9 ± 242.3 U·L−1 muscle soreness: 4 ± 2 drop jump: ~43.0 ± 9.7 cm). However, sport-specific performance via bowling speed declined (Bout 1: −2.55 ± 3.43% Bout 2: 2.67 ± 2.41%) whilst run-up time increased (2.34 ± 3.61% Bout 2: 3.84 ± 4.06%) after each bout of resistance training. Findings suggest that while an initial resistance training bout reduced muscle damage indicators and improved drop jump performance following a second resistance training bout, this RBE trend was not observed for bowling-specific performance. It was suggested that pace bowlers with limited exposure to resistance training should minimise bowling-specific practice for 1–2 days following the initial bouts of their resistance training program.
Publisher: F1000 Research Ltd
Date: 17-06-2020
DOI: 10.12688/F1000RESEARCH.23129.1
Abstract: Background: Rugby league involves repeated, complex, change-of-direction movements, although there are no test protocols that specifically assesses these physical fitness profiles. Thus, the current study examined the convergent validity and reliability of a repeated Illinois Agility (RIA) protocol in adolescent Rugby League players. Methods: Twenty-two junior Rugby League players completed 4 sessions with each separated by 7 days. Initially, physical fitness characteristics at baseline (i.e., multi-stage fitness, countermovement jump, 30-m sprint, single-effort agility and repeated sprint ability [RSA]) were assessed. The second session involved a familiarisation of RIA and repeated T-agility test (RTT) protocols. During the third and fourth sessions, participants completed the RIA and RTT protocols in a randomised, counterbalanced design to examine the validity and test-retest reliability of these protocols. Results: For convergent validity, significant correlations were identified between RIA and RTT performances (r= .80 p .05). For contributors to RIA performance, significant correlations were identified between all baseline fitness characteristics and RIA (r = .71 p 0.05). Reliability of the RIA protocol was near perfect with excellent intra-class correlation coefficient (0.87-0.97), good ratio limits of agreement (×/÷ 1.05-1.06) and low coefficient of variations (1.77-1.97%). Conclusions: The current study has demonstrated the RIA to be a simple, valid and reliable field test that can provide coaches with information about their athlete’s ability to sustain high intensity, multi-directional running efforts.
Publisher: PeerJ
Date: 17-05-2019
DOI: 10.7717/PEERJ.6867
Abstract: The relative age effect is a commonly occurring phenomenon whereby there is a tendency for relatively older players to be over-represented during high level competitions. This effect is often seen to diminish as player’s age, however, there has been far less investigation on other potential moderating factors. This study investigated the impact of the relative age effect, and potential moderating factors, within the talent selection process of Australian cricket. Relative age distribution of 2,415 male and female junior and senior state level cricket players, who played in the Junior National Ch ionships or State competition (senior level) between 2011 and 2015, were analysed. Players born in the first quartile of the cricket season were significantly over-represented in both male Under-15, Under-17, Under-19 and female Under-15 and Under-18 levels. However, there was no significant difference at the senior state level for either male or female cricketers. Further investigation of the relative age effect in the junior talent pathway revealed that male all-rounders, batters and pace bowlers, and female all-rounders and batters, born in first quartile were over-represented. Right-handed batters and bowlers were also influenced by the relative age effect at all Junior National levels, while left-handed batters and bowlers were only influenced at the Under-15 and Under-17 levels. These results highlight the impact relative age has on junior cricket talent pathways, including sex, age, handedness and primary skills. Only state level, and left-handedness at the Under-19 level, were unaffected by relative age. The findings of this study highlight the influence of relative age effects for both male and female junior cricket players. Interestingly, there may be an advantage to being left-handed that is more prevalent at the older (male Under-19 female Under-18) age levels.
Publisher: F1000 Research Ltd
Date: 08-10-2021
DOI: 10.12688/F1000RESEARCH.23129.2
Abstract: Background: : Rugby league involves repeated, complex, and high intensity change-of-direction (COD) movements with no existing test protocols that specifically assesses these multiple physical fitness components simultaneously. Thus, the current study examined the convergent validity of a repeated Illinois Agility (RIA) protocol with the repeated T-agility protocol, and the repeatability of the RIA protocol in adolescent Rugby League players. Furthermore, aerobic capacity and anaerobic and COD performance were assessed to determine whether these physical qualities were important contributors to the RIA protocol. Methods: Twenty-two junior Rugby League players completed 4 sessions with each separated by 7 days. Initially, physical fitness characteristics at baseline (i.e., Beep test,, countermovement jump, 30-m sprint, single-effort COD and repeated sprint ability [RSA]) were assessed. The second session involved a familiarisation of RIA and repeated T-agility test (RTT) protocols. During the third and fourth sessions, participants completed the RIA and RTT protocols in a randomised, counterbalanced design to examine the validity and test-retest reliability of these protocols. Results: For convergent validity, significant correlations were identified between RIA and RTT performances (r= .80 p .05). For contributors to RIA performance, significant correlations were identified between all baseline fitness characteristics and RIA (r = .71 p 0.05). Reliability of the RIA protocol was near perfect with excellent intra-class correlation coefficient (0.87-0.97), good ratio limits of agreement (×/÷ 1.05-1.06) and low coefficient of variations (1.8-2.0%). Conclusions: The current study has demonstrated the RIA to be a simple, valid and reliable field test for RL athletes that can provide coaches with information about their team’s ability to sustain high intensity, multi-directional running efforts.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 03-2023
Abstract: Purpose: This crossover trial compared the effects of varying feedback approaches on sprint performance, motivation, and affective mood states in female athletes. Methods : Eligibility criteria were being competitive female athletes, where participants completed sprint tests in 4 randomized feedback conditions on grass, including augmented feedback (sprint time AUG-FB), technical feedback (cues TECH-FB), a competition-driven drill (CDD) sprinting against an opponent, and a control condition (no feedback CON). Participants completed a 20-m sprint (maximum sprint), 30-m curved agility sprint, and a repeated sprint ability test, with sprint times, motivation level, and mood states recorded. The participants were blinded from the number of trials during the repeated sprint ability test. Results : About 12 rugby league players completed all feedback conditions. The maximum sprint times were faster for AUG-FB (3.54 [0.16] s) and CDD (3.54 [0.16] s) compared with TECH-FB (3.64 [0.16] s), while there were no differences compared with CON (3.58 [0.17] s). The curved agility sprint times were faster for AUG-FB (5.42 [0.20] s) compared with TECH-FB (5.61 [0.21] s) and CON (5.57 [0.24] s), although CDD (5.38 [0.26] s) produced faster sprint times than TECH-FB. Effort and value were higher with AUG-FB (6.31 [0.68] 6.53 [0.05]) compared with CON (5.99 [0.60] 4.75 [2.07]), while CON exhibited lower enjoyment ratings (4.68 [0.95]) compared with other feedback conditions (AUG-FB: 5.54 [0.72] CDD: 5.56 [0.67] TECH-FB: 5.60 [0.56]). Conclusions : Providing AUG-FB prior to sprint tasks enhances more immediate performance outcomes than TECH-FB. AUG-FB also benefited athlete enjoyment, task effort, and coaching value. Female athletes should receive AUG-FB in testing and training environments, to improve immediate physical performance and motivation.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-10-2019
Abstract: Background: the aim of the present study was to identify the temporal and notational performance differences between elite men’s and women’s badminton players according to match type and set. Methods: the s le was composed of 60 men’s and 60 women’s matches classified by match type or duration: short (lower quartile), long (upper quartile) and regular matches (interquartile range). Temporal and notational variables were analysed for each match and compared between sexes accounting for match duration. Results: greater intensity for most variables (i.e., rally time, rest time, density, and strokes per match/rally) was exhibited in men’s matches compared with women’s matches (i.e., higher frequency between strokes). In addition, the greater intensity for men compared to women was more pertinent during long matches (13 significant variables) and less evident during short matches (six significant variables). Point outcome displayed similar trends for each sex during matches with more winners for men’s players when serving and more unforced errors for women’s players. Lastly, based on each match type, fewer sex differences were noted during sets 2 and 3, as the match progressed. Conclusion: men’s players performed at a greater intensity than women’s players for different match and set contexts, with this sex difference enhanced when controlling for match type and set. The development of sex- and match-specific scenarios will assist coaches and trainers in the design of specific training drills to enhance the athletic performance of elite badminton players.
Publisher: F1000 Research Ltd
Date: 22-11-2021
DOI: 10.12688/F1000RESEARCH.23129.3
Abstract: Background: : Rugby league involves repeated, complex, and high intensity change-of-direction (COD) movements with no existing test protocols that specifically assesses these multiple physical fitness components simultaneously. Thus, the current study examined the convergent validity of a repeated Illinois Agility (RIA) protocol with the repeated T-agility protocol, and the repeatability of the RIA protocol in adolescent Rugby League players. Furthermore, aerobic capacity and anaerobic and COD performance were assessed to determine whether these physical qualities were important contributors to the RIA protocol. Methods: Twenty-two junior Rugby League players completed 4 sessions with each separated by 7 days. Initially, physical fitness characteristics at baseline (i.e., Multi-stage Shuttle test, countermovement jump, 30-m sprint, single-effort COD and repeated sprint ability [RSA]) were assessed. The second session involved a familiarisation of RIA and repeated T-agility test (RTT) protocols. During the third and fourth sessions, participants completed the RIA and RTT protocols in a randomised, counterbalanced design to examine the validity and test-retest reliability of these protocols. Results: For convergent validity, significant correlations were identified between RIA and RTT performances (r= .80 p .05). For contributors to RIA performance, significant correlations were identified between all baseline fitness characteristics and RIA (r = .71 p 0.05). Reliability of the RIA protocol was near perfect with excellent intra-class correlation coefficient (0.87-0.97), good ratio limits of agreement (×/÷ 1.05-1.06) and low coefficient of variations (1.8-2.0%). Conclusions: The current study has demonstrated the RIA to be a simple, valid and reliable field test for RL athletes that can provide coaches with information about their team’s ability to sustain high intensity, multi-directional running efforts.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-09-2019
DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1645268
Abstract: Match activity demands of basketball players have been well reported but little exists in terms of quantifying the demands encountered by referees during match-play. Potential differences between referees and players may identify different fitness capacities and subsequent need for different training regimes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-06-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S40279-021-01486-X
Abstract: The relationship between exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) indicators and acute training loads (TL) is yet to be reviewed extensively in semi-elite and elite athlete populations. The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were threefold: (1) to evaluate studies of EIMD following the initial period of the preseason in semi-elite and elite athletes: (2) to examine acute physiological and performance responses across two periods of the season with similar TL and (3) to examine acute physiological and performance responses to acute changes in TL during the season. The CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies that investigated: (1) semi-elite or elite athletes in team or in idual sports following a periodised training programme and (2) measured acute responses to training. Studies were excluded if: (1) conducted in animals (2) non-English language or (3) a conference abstract, review or case report. The Kmet Quality Scoring of Quantitative Studies tool was used for study appraisal. Data were quantitatively analysed by generating forest plots to report test statistics for statistical significance and inter-trial heterogeneity. Of the included studies (n = 32), athletes experienced greater creatine kinase (CK) concentrations (Z = 4.99, p < 0.00001, I This review included varying age, sex, sports and competition levels. The group level meta-analysis failed to identify within-athlete or position-specific differences across time. Blood biomarkers of EIMD may not differ across periods of similar TL, however can be considered a sensitive monitoring tool for assessing responses following acute TL changes in semi-elite and elite athletes.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 20-06-2023
DOI: 10.1177/17479541231181549
Abstract: Cricket is an unique international sport where environmental and task constraints have shown to have a significant impact on batting and bowling performance. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effect of task and environmental constraints on cricket performance. A systematic literature search was conducted across Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and SportDiscus. Studies were deemed eligible if they reported the effects of pitch type, pitch length, equipment (e.g. cricket bat, batting pads, ball type, etc.) on cricket performance. A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria with Kmet score ranging between 75% and 92%. The results from this study demonstrate that environmental constraints such as pitch-type and task constraints such as equipment modification (e.g. type of cricket bat, batting pads, ball) and pitch length can influence cricketer's batting and bowling performance. Scaling cricket bats and reducing pitch length were acutely beneficial to cricket batting, while ball type, pitch length and soil properties were impactful on bowling performance. Importantly though, the impact of constraint manipulation seemed to be influenced by the skill level of the performer. The findings from this study may help to inform coaches and practitioners improve skill acquisition, through constraint manipulation, to develop highly adaptive cricket batting and bowling skill.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-07-2022
Abstract: The levels of physical activity (PA) in the population have decreased, especially at an early age. The aims of the study were: to evaluate the percentage of children meeting PA recommendations for both genders, and to measure steps and PA level at different time intervals during the week. This was an observational cross-sectional study. Seventy-three schoolchildren (36 boys and 37 girls), aged two years (2.12 ± 0.46), were selected to participate in this study. Participants wore an “Actigraph GT3X” accelerometer for seven days to measure the minutes engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and step volume. The results show 100% of the children studied met the recommended 60 min/day of MVPA, and 50% achieved 120 min/day MVPA and 13,000 steps per day. No gender differences were found. The results of the analysis show a propensity for higher step volumes and PA values from Monday to Friday. In addition, subjects achieved higher step volumes and PA values during “School Time” than “Out-of-School Time”. Given that during “School Time” children showed higher PA and step values, schools represent an important place to help facilitate PA milestones. This study shows the need for further studies and interventions aimed at understanding and improving children’s PA levels at an early age.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-03-2016
DOI: 10.1038/ONC.2016.45
Abstract: A number of naturally occurring isoforms of the tumour suppressor protein p53 have been discovered, which appear to have differing roles in tumour prevention or promotion. We are investigating the tumour-promoting activities of the Δ133p53 isoform using our mouse model of Δ133p53 (Δ122p53). Here, we report that tumours from Δ122p53 homozygous mice show evidence of invasion and metastasis and that Δ122p53 promotes migration though a 3-dimensional collagen matrix. We also show that Δ122p53 and Δ133p53 promote cell migration in scratch wound and Transwell assays, similar to the 'gain-of-function' phenotypes seen with mutant p53. Using the well-defined B16 mouse melanoma metastatic model, we show that Δ122p53 leads to faster generation of lung metastases. The increased migratory phenotypes are dependent on secreted factors, including the cytokine interleukin-6 and the chemokine CCL2. We propose that Δ122p53 (and Δ133p53) acts in a similar manner to 'gain-of-function' mutant p53 proteins to promote migration, invasion and metastasis, which may contribute to poor survival in patients with Δ133p53-expressing tumours.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.CMET.2014.12.003
Abstract: We report that tumor cells without mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) show delayed tumor growth, and that tumor formation is associated with acquisition of mtDNA from host cells. This leads to partial recovery of mitochondrial function in cells derived from primary tumors grown from cells without mtDNA and a shorter lag in tumor growth. Cell lines from circulating tumor cells showed further recovery of mitochondrial respiration and an intermediate lag to tumor growth, while cells from lung metastases exhibited full restoration of respiratory function and no lag in tumor growth. Stepwise assembly of mitochondrial respiratory (super)complexes was correlated with acquisition of respiratory function. Our findings indicate horizontal transfer of mtDNA from host cells in the tumor microenvironment to tumor cells with compromised respiratory function to re-establish respiration and tumor-initiating efficacy. These results suggest pathophysiological processes for overcoming mtDNA damage and support the notion of high plasticity of malignant cells.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 11-2023
Abstract: Purpose : The purpose of the study was to examine whether various athletic performances, anthropometric measures, and playing experience differentiate selected and nonselected ultimate Frisbee players trialing to compete in the world ch ionship. Methods : Forty-three Australian male ultimate Frisbee players (age = 21.2 [1.2] y height = 1.7 [6.8] m body mass = 69.7 [8.2] kg playing experience = 3.5 [1.5] y) participated in a 30-m sprint test, single-leg run-up jump approach (both left [Jump LL ], and right leg [Jump RL ]) and a stationary bilateral vertical jump (Jump BIL ), and change-of-direction speed test. Following a selection c , players were sub ided according to their selection or nonselection into the team. Results : A multivariate analysis of variance revealed that height, 10-m sprint time, acceleration, Jump LL , Jump RL , and Jump BIL were significantly greater for selected players than nonselected players ( P .05). Area under the curve (AUC) was greatest for Jump RL (AUC = 79% optimal cutoff value of 37.5 cm, sensitivity and specificity values of 77% and 71%, respectively), Jump LL (AUC = 74% optimal cutoff 38.5 cm, sensitivity and specificity values 77% and 77%, respectively), and Jump BIL (AUC = 78% optimal cutoff value of 40.5 cm, sensitivity and specificity values 71% and 79%, respectively). The largest AUC (AUC = 81% 95% CI 0.66–0.97 P = .001) was found when combining the explanatory variables that demonstrated moderate to large effect sizes (ie, height, playing experience, 10-m sprint, acceleration, Jump LL , Jump RL , and Jump BIL ), with sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 71%. Conclusion : These athletic performance and anthropometric characteristics differentiating selected and nonselected players may help inform targeted training and player-development strategies.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-07-2021
Abstract: The current study examined the acute effects of a bout of resistance training on cricket bowling-specific motor performance. Eight sub-elite, resistance-untrained, adolescent male fast bowlers (age 15 ± 1.7 years height 1.8 ± 0.1 m weight 67.9 ± 7.9 kg) completed a bout of upper and lower body resistance exercises. Indirect markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase [CK] and delayed onset of muscle soreness [DOMS]), anaerobic performance (15-m sprint and vertical jump), and cricket-specific motor performance (ball speed, run-up time, and accuracy) were measured prior to and 24 (T24) and 48 (T48) hours following the resistance training bout. The resistance training bout significantly increased CK (~350% effect size [ES] = 1.89–2.24), DOMS (~240% ES = 1.46–3.77) and 15-m sprint times (~4.0% ES = 1.33–1.47), whilst significantly reducing vertical jump height (~7.0% ES = 0.76–0.96) for up to 48 h. The ball speed (~3.0% ES = 0.50–0.61) and bowling accuracy (~79% ES = 0.39–0.70) were significantly reduced, whilst run-up time was significantly increased (~3.5% ES = 0.36–0.50) for up to 24 h. These findings demonstrate that a bout of resistance training evokes exercise-induced muscle damage amongst sub-elite, adolescent male cricketers, which impairs anaerobic performance and bowling-specific motor performance measures. Cricket coaches should be cautious of incorporating bowling sessions within 24-h following a bout of resistance training for sub-elite adolescent fast bowlers, particularly for those commencing a resistance training program.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-05-2020
DOI: 10.3390/SU12093920
Abstract: The factors influencing physical activity participation in children are varied, although there is evidence that the educational level of parents may be one important factor. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of parental education on the level of physical activity and the sedentary behavior of their children. The parents of 727 students, separated based on school group (preschool: n = 179 primary: n = 284 secondary: n = 230 high: n = 34), were invited to complete a series of questionnaires assessing their educational level (low, intermediate, and high) and their child’s level of physical activity and sedentary behavior. Primary school students with high- and intermediate-educated parents were found to engage in significantly more physical activity per week and spent more time engaged in homework than children with lower-educated parents. Secondary school students with higher-educated parents were found to spend significantly less time engaged in sedentary behavior than children with lower- or intermediate-educated parents, and high schoolers with higher-educated parents engaged in less tablet time than children with lower-educated parents. Multiple linear regression demonstrated that greater physical activity was precipitated by certain sedentary behaviors in children with more educated parents, such as total time watching TV (primary school), doing homework (secondary school), and total time using a tablet/similar (high school), which increased total time engaged in physical activity. These findings suggest that more educated parents may implement structured time for their children to engage in a balance of physical activity and sedentary behaviors.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 15-06-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-12-2008
Abstract: The past decade has seen the emergence of a new mechanistic paradigm of cancer therapeutics. Not only have mitochondria taken centre stage as key cellular organelles mediating intrinsic pathways of cell death by apoptosis, but nonapoptotic pathways have also been shown to involve mitochondrial mechanisms. Both pathways of cell death involve permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes, but the exact nature of the molecular complexes involved at the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) remains uncertain in the light of recent gene knockout studies. Consequently, the boundary between mitochondrially-mediated apoptotic and nonapoptotic cell death is controversial. Here, we discuss the nature of the pore complexes involved in permeabilization of the IMM and OMM. Several compounds that interact directly with components of these pore complexes and have been shown to exhibit anticancer activity are discussed while other compounds appear to act indirectly through stress-related pathways.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2008
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-09-2020
Abstract: This study examined the acute effects of resistance training (RT) on volleyball-specific performance. Sixteen female volleyball players undertook their initial, pre-season RT bout. Countermovement jump (CMJ), delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), and sport-specific performances (i.e., run-up jump, agility, and spiking speed and accuracy) were measured before, 24 (T24), and 48 (T48) hours after RT. A significant increase in DOMS was observed at T24 and T48 (~207.6% ± 119.3% p 0.05 ES = 1.8 (95% CI: 0.94–2.57)), whilst agility was significantly impaired at T48 (1.7% ± 2.5% p 0.05 ES = 0.30 (95% CI: −0.99–0.40)). However, there were no differences in CMJ (~−2.21% ± 7.6% p 0.05 ES = −0.11 (95% CI: −0.80–0.58)) and run-up jump (~−1.4% ± 4.7% p 0.05 ES = −0.07 (95% CI: −0.76–0.63)). Spiking speed was significantly reduced (−3.5% ± 4.4% p 0.05 ES = −0.28 (95% CI: −0.43–0.97)), although accuracy was improved (38.3% ± 81.4%: p 0.05) at T48. Thus, the initial, preseason RT bout compromised agility and spiking speed for several days post-exercise. Conversely, spiking accuracy improved, suggesting a speed–accuracy trade-off. Nonetheless, at least a 48-h recovery may be necessary after the initial RT bout for athletes returning from the off-season or injury.
No related grants have been discovered for Jonathan Connor.