ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4801-4239
Current Organisation
University of Western Australia
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Nanomaterials | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander child health and wellbeing | Catalytic Process Engineering | Nanotechnology | Statistics | Applied Statistics | Statistical Theory | Clinical psychology | Electrochemistry | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and wellbeing | Family care |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Measurement standards and calibration services not elsewhere classified | Solid Oxide Fuel Cells | Manufacturing not elsewhere classified | Mathematical sciences
Related Links
Publications
The Importance of Parental Attributions in Families of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2005
DOI: 10.1007/S10567-005-6663-6
Abstract: Presents a social-cognitive model outlining the role of parental attributions for child behavior in parent-child interactions. Ex les of studies providing evidence for the basic model are presented, with particular reference to applications of the model in families of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and/or oppositional defiant/conduct disordered behavior. Parent or child factors that may moderate the operation of links within the model are suggested, and evidence of such moderator effects is presented. The conceptualization and measurement of parental attributions also are discussed. The limitations of the model and existing evidence, as well as recommendations for future research in this area are presented throughout the paper. The paper concludes with a summary of the clinical implications of the model and research on parental attributions with regards to improving interventions for families of children with attentional and disruptive behavior problems.
An integrated approach of predicting metallurgical performance relating to variability in deposit characteristics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Baseline works for mine rehabilitation and closure collaboration project
Publisher: Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland
Date: 05-11-2021
DOI: 10.14264/6C92886
Supplementary Table 3 from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 09-2023
Supplementary Table 2 from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 09-2023
How Does Information Processing Speed Relate to the Attentional Blink?
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 26-03-2012
Developmental vulnerabilities in children of chronically ill parents: a population-based linked data study
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 21-02-2019
Abstract: Currently, there is mixed evidence regarding the effects on children when a parent is chronically ill. Research has also primarily been conducted with adolescent s les. This study investigated developmental vulnerabilities in young children of parents with chronic illness. This study used linked administrative data. The study population included children born in Western Australia during 2003–2004 (n=19 071 mean age 5.5 years). The outcome measure was a score in the bottom 25% on any of the five developmental domains (physical, social, emotional, communicative and cognitive) of the Australian Early Development Census (2009 collection). Parental chronic illnesses were identified from hospital and cancer registry records, during the period from 1 year prior to the child’s birth and until the end of 2009. Higher odds of developmental vulnerabilities in physical, social, emotional and communication domains were observed for daughters of chronically ill mothers. Sons of chronically ill mothers had increased odds of language and cognitive difficulties. Risk level increased with each additional year of exposure to maternal chronic illness. Results also indicated increased odds of developmental vulnerabilities for children of mothers experiencing multiple compared with single chronic conditions however, results were not statistically significant (all p .05). No association between fathers’ chronic illness and children’s developmental outcomes was found. Maternal chronic illness is associated with an increased risk of poor developmental outcomes for children, particularly daughters. Healthcare services have an important role to play in linking families into appropriate family-centred services to best support the needs of chronically ill mothers.
The Parenting Sense of Competence scale: Evidence of a stable factor structure and validity.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1037/H0087122
Brief Report: The Impact of Changing from DSM-IV ‘Asperger’s’ to DSM-5 ‘Autistic Spectrum Disorder’ Diagnostic Labels on Stigma and Treatment Attitudes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-06-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-015-2485-7
Abstract: In the DSM-5, 'Asperger's Disorder' was incorporated into 'Autistic Spectrum Disorder' (ASD). One key concern in this change has been that the ASD label will increase negative attitudes relative to the Asperger's label. To test this, we asked 465 American adults to read a vignette describing a child with autistic symptoms that included an ASD label, an Asperger's label, or no label, and rate their stigma and treatment attitudes (help-seeking and perceived effectiveness). Contrary to predictions, label did not impact stigma. Label did impact treatment attitudes, with greater help-seeking and perceived treatment effectiveness for both Asperger's and ASD labels. In sum, concern that the ASD label will increase negative perceptions, at least amongst the general public, is not supported.
Understanding Engagement in Digital Mental Health and Well-being Programs for Women in the Perinatal Period: Systematic Review Without Meta-analysis
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 09-08-2022
DOI: 10.2196/36620
Abstract: Pregnancy and the postnatal period can be a time of increased psychological distress, which can be detrimental to both the mother and the developing child. Digital interventions are cost-effective and accessible tools to support positive mental health in women during the perinatal period. Although studies report efficacy, a key concern regarding web-based interventions is the lack of engagement leading to drop out, lack of participation, or reduced potential intervention benefits. This systematic review aimed to understand the reporting and levels of engagement in studies of digital psychological mental health or well-being interventions administered during the perinatal period. Specific objectives were to understand how studies report engagement across 4 domains specified in the Connect, Attend, Participate, and Enact (CAPE) model, make recommendations on best practices to report engagement in digital mental health interventions (DMHIs), and understand levels of engagement in intervention studies in this area. To maximize the utility of this systematic review, we intended to develop practical tools for public health use: to develop a logic model to reference the theory of change, evaluate the studies using the CAPE framework, and develop a guide for future data collection to enable consistent reporting in digital interventions. This systematic review used the Cochrane Synthesis Without Meta-analysis reporting guidelines. This study aimed to identify studies reporting DMHIs delivered during the perinatal period in women with subclinical mood symptoms. A systematic database search was used to identify relevant papers using the Ovid Platform for MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Medical Subject Headings on Demand for all English-language articles published in the past 10 years. Searches generated a database of 3473 potentially eligible studies, with a final selection of 16 (0.46%) studies grouped by study design. Participant engagement was evaluated using the CAPE framework and comparable variables were described. All studies reported at least one engagement metric. However, the measures used were inconsistent, which may have contributed to the wide-ranging results. There was insufficient reporting for enactment (ie, participants’ real-world use of intervention skills), with only 38% (6/16) of studies clearly recording longer-term practice through postintervention interviews. The logic model proposes ways of conceptualizing and reporting engagement details in DMHIs more consistently in the future. The perinatal period is the optimal time to intervene with strength-based digital tools to build positive mental health. Despite the growing number of studies on digital interventions, few robustly explore engagement, and there is limited evidence of long-term skill use beyond the intervention period. Our results indicate variability in the reporting of both short- and long-term participant engagement behaviors, and we recommend the adoption of standardized reporting metrics in future digital interventions. PROSPERO CRD42020162283 www.crd.york.ac.uk rospero/display_record.php?RecordID=162283
Bullying and Peer Victimisation in Adolescent Girls with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-10-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S10578-011-0264-Z
Abstract: Emerging evidence suggests that adolescent girls with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are more socially impaired compared with their peers however, research has yet to elucidate the nature of this impairment. We investigated overt (e.g., physical, such as hitting or kicking or verbal, such as teasing and taunting) and relational (e.g., social manipulation, such as social exclusion) bullying and victimisation in adolescent girls with and without ADHD. Adolescent girls (mean age = 15.11) with (n = 22) and without (n = 20) ADHD and their primary caregivers completed measures of overt/relational bullying and victimisation and social impairment. Adolescent girls with ADHD experienced more social problems and more relational and overt victimisation than adolescent girls without ADHD. Although adolescent girls with ADHD engaged in more overt and relational bullying than adolescent girls without ADHD, this difference was not statistically significant. Oppositional Defiant Disorder symptoms appeared to be more strongly related to bullying behaviour, while victimisation appeared to be more strongly related to ADHD.
The Effect of Particle Size and Mineral Liberation on the Acid Generating Potential of Sulphidic Waste Rock
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 26-09-2016
Selective flotation of enargite from copper sulphides in Tampakan deposit
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Diabetes stigma predicts higher HbA1c levels in Australian adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 11-2022
DOI: 10.1037/SAH0000408
Comprehensive insights in thallium ecophysiology in the hyperaccumulator Biscutella laevigata
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Are the Performance Overestimates Given by Boys With ADHD Self-Protective?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2002
Gender Appropriateness of Symptom Criteria for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional-Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.1007/S10578-005-2694-Y
Abstract: We examined the gender appropriateness of the DSM-IV symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD). In Study 1, 100 mothers (35 of children with and 65 of children without ADHD) rated how gender-typical and problematic they saw DSM-IV symptoms of ADHD, ODD, and CD feminine descriptions of ADHD, ODD, and CD behaviors that we created and relationally and overtly aggressive behaviors. Mothers rated the DSM-IV symptoms and overt aggression as boy-descriptive, and the feminine items that we created and relational aggression as girl-descriptive. Mothers saw the feminine items as less problematic than the masculine items. In Study 2, for 80 girls (40 with and 40 without ADHD), mothers' ratings on the feminine items were related to the corresponding DSM-IV symptoms, and to general psychopathology and impairment. Most correlations were significant and support the construct validity of the feminine items.
Psychometric Properties and Norms for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Administered Online in an Australian Sample
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1111/AP.12325
Geochemical cycles of arsenic in historic tin tailings from multiple ore sources: an example from Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2021
Phytoextraction of high value elements and contaminants from mining and mineral wastes: opportunities and limitations
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-03-2020
“Shame, Doubt and Sadness”
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-08-2022
DOI: 10.3390/YOUTH2030026
Abstract: Many adolescents with erse sexual orientations lead happy and fulfilled lives. However, evidence consistently suggests elevated rates of mental health difficulties in this population relative to heterosexual peers, and internalization of stigma (i.e., self-stigma) is implicated in these elevated rates. This study aimed to understand and describe the lived experience of self-stigma with respect to participants’ sexual orientations. To do this, N = 21 semi-structured interviews were conducted with adolescents aged 14–18 who are attracted to the same gender, asking about how their stigma experiences affected their views of their sexual orientation, and themselves. A community reference group of young people with erse sexual orientations was also consulted in the development of the study, and interpretation of the themes. Through thematic analysis of the self-stigma data and the consultation process, four themes were developed: (1) stigma is a precursor to self-stigma (2) acceptance is a precursor to self-acceptance (3) contents of self-stigma, characterized by two subthemes: (i) self-shame (comprised of feelings of abnormality, self-disgust and/or being a ‘bad’ person) and (ii) self-invalidation and (4) self-stigma is painful and can be damaging. There is a contrast between the way that internalized homophobia is operationalized, and the way self-stigma was characterized in this study with young people, and conceptualizing and measuring self-stigma may need to be updated. Based on the analysis, we suggest four ways to address self-stigma and its impacts: (1) in idual intervention (2) increasing acceptance in families and communities (3) providing respectful and normalizing sexuality education and information and (4) overcoming community stigma.
Failing to Meet the Good Parent Ideal: Self-Stigma in Parents of Children with Mental Health Disorders
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-06-2016
Supplementary Table 1 from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 09-2023
Comparing Web-Based Mindfulness With Loving-Kindness and Compassion Training for Promoting Well-Being in Pregnancy: Protocol for a Three-Arm Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 09-05-2020
Abstract: romoting psychological well-being and preventing distress among pregnant women is an important public health goal. In addition to adversely impacting the mother’s health and well-being, psychological distress in pregnancy increases the risk of poor pregnancy outcomes, compromises infant socioemotional development and bonding, and heightens maternal and child vulnerability in the postpartum period. Mindfulness and compassion-based interventions show potential for prevention and early intervention for perinatal distress. As there is an established need for accessible, scalable, flexible, and low-cost interventions, there is increased interest in the delivery of these programs on the web. This project aims to pilot a three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) to determine the feasibility of a full-scale RCT comparing 2 web-based interventions (mindfulness vs loving-kindness and compassion) with a web-based active control condition (progressive muscle relaxation). he primary objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of an RCT protocol comparing the 3 conditions delivered on the web as a series of instructional materials and brief daily practices over a course of 8 weeks. The second objective is to explore the experiences of women in the different intervention conditions. The third objective is to estimate SD values for the outcome measures to inform the design of an adequately powered trial to determine the comparative efficacy of the different conditions. regnant women (n=75) participating in a longitudinal birth cohort study (the ORIGINS project) will be recruited to this study from 18 weeks of gestational age. We will assess the acceptability and feasibility of recruitment and retention strategies and the participants’ engagement and adherence to the interventions. We will also assess the experiences of women in each of the 3 intervention conditions by measuring weekly changes in their well-being and engagement with the program and by conducting a qualitative analysis of postprogram interviews. his project was funded in September 2019 and received ethics approval on July 8, 2020. Enrollment to the study will commence in September 2020. Feasibility of a full-scale RCT will be assessed using ADePT ( i a process for decision making after pilot and feasibility trials /i ) criteria. f the study is shown to be feasible, results will be used to inform future full-scale RCTs. Evidence for flexible, scalable, and low-cost interventions could inform population health strategies to promote well-being and reduce psychological distress among pregnant women. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Number 12620000672954p anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12620000672954p.aspx RR1-10.2196/19803
An investigation of support services available by Internet searching to families impacted by a parent's cancer
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-08-2017
DOI: 10.1002/PON.4478
Abstract: Throughout a parent's cancer diagnosis and treatment, families are likely to turn to the Internet to find social, emotional, and informational support services. It is important that professionals understand the content and availability of support discoverable through Web searches. This study identified and described Web-based information regarding support services offered to families when a parent has cancer. Predefined key search terms were searched across 2 public Web browsers for a period of 3 months. Web-based information of support services (n = 25) was abstracted, and their key criteria examined. Of services offering face-to-face support (n = 22), more were founded by persons impacted by cancer (n = 10) (patients, parents, and offspring) than professionals (n = 4). Services offered online were created by health organisations and universities (n = 3). It appeared several service programs were delivered by volunteers, support staff, or facilitators, rather than registered health professionals or those with professional qualifications. Few services supported young children (under 5 years) or the parents themselves. Support services for families affected by a parent's cancer is relatively difficult to find through Web searches. Ambiguity around staff qualifications or evidence-base of support may hinder layperson engagement. Services offering face-to-face support were often founded by those directly affected by cancer conversely, services founded by persons with assumable expertise (health organisation and university staff) were limited to online support. Such findings highlight a possible discrepancy in consumer and provider priorities and have implications for current understandings of psychosocial support needs and service development for families affected by a parent's cancer.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 09-2023
Investigating the settling behaviour of saline tailing suspensions using kaolinite, bentonite, and illite clay minerals
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Supplementary Figure 1 from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 09-2023
Thallium accumulation and distribution in Silene latifolia (Caryophyllaceae) grown in hydroponics
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-07-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S11104-022-05575-2
Abstract: Thallium (Tl) is one of the most toxic elements known and its contamination is an emerging environmental issue associated with base metal (zinc-lead) mining wastes. This study investigated the nature of Tl tolerance and accumulation in Silene latifolia , which has so far only been reported from field-collected s les. Silene latifolia was grown in hydroponics at different Tl concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 30 and 60 μM Tl). Elemental analysis with Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and laboratory-based micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (μ-XRF) were used to determine Tl accumulation and distribution in hydrated organs and tissues. This study revealed unusually high Tl concentrations in the shoots of S. latifolia , reaching up to 35,700 μg Tl g −1 in young leaves. The species proved to have exceptionally high levels of Tl tolerance and had a positive growth response when exposed to Tl dose rates of up to 5 μM. Laboratory-based μXRF analysis revealed that Tl is localized mainly at the base of the midrib and in the veins of leaves. This distribution differs greatly from that in other known Tl hyperaccumulators. Our findings show that S. latifolia is among the strongest known Tl hyperaccumulators in the world. The species has ostensibly evolved mechanisms to survive excessive concentrations of Tl accumulated in its leaves, whilst maintaining lower Tl concentrations in the roots. This trait is of fundamental importance for developing future phytoextraction technologies using this species to remediate Tl-contaminated mine wastes.
Indicators of metal pollution in prospective mining regions: a case study from Philippines
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-08-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S10653-018-0152-6
Abstract: Understanding the baseline geochemistry of stream waters in a prospective mining area is the key to responsible life-of-mine planning and the protection of local rivers. This can be sometimes challenging due to the presence of abandoned mines, small scale mining, and geogenic sources of metals in the same area, particularly under a tropical humid climates with rivers carrying intermittently high solid loads. This study is focused on the Pula Bato, Danlag, Altayan, and Taplan Rivers in such a climatic setting in Philippines. The rivers are located in the vicinity of the T akan ore deposit. It was observed that elemental concentrations in water s les from Pula Bato were generally higher when compared to concentrations from Danlag, Taplan, and Altayan s les. In particular, SO
Well-being and Distress in University Students with ADHD Traits
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-12-2023
A practical testing approach to predict the geochemical hazards of in-pit coal mine tailings and rejects
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Efficiency of acid digestion procedures for geochemical analysis of tungsten mining wastes
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 19-07-2021
Guidance for the Integrated Use of Hydrological, Geochemical, and Isotopic Tools in Mining Operations
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-02-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S10230-020-00666-X
Abstract: This paper summarizes international state-of-the-art applications and opportunities for employing and deploying hydrological, geochemical, and isotopic tools in an integrated manner for investigations of mining operations. It is intended to aid formulation of more integrated approaches for evaluating the overall sustainability of mining projects. The focus is particularly on mine waters, including: environmental water sources, mine water dynamics, and as a source and vector for pollution in the wider environment. The guidance is generic to mining projects and not just reflective of a particular extraction (e.g. coal, metalliferous, uranium) industry. A mine life cycle perspective has been adopted to highlight the potential for more integrated investigations at each stage of a mining operation. Three types of mines have been considered: new (i.e. those in the planning stage), active (i.e. working mines), and historical mines (i.e. inactive and abandoned mines). The practical usage of geochemical analyses and isotopic studies described here emphasise characterisation, dynamics, and process understanding for water quality considerations in tandem with water resource and environmental impact implications. Both environmental (i.e. ambient) and applied (i.e. injected) tracers are considered. This guide is written for scientists (including isotope specialists) who have limited or no mine water experience, environmental managers, planners, consultants, and regulators with key interests in planned, active, and legacy mining projects.
ANC–BNC titrations and geochemical modeling for characterizing calcareous and siliceous mining waste
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-02-2021
DOI: 10.3390/MIN11030257
Abstract: Pyrite and calcite are mineral phases that play a major role in acid and neutral mine drainage processes. However, the prediction of acid mine drainage (AMD) or contaminated neutral drainage (CND) requires knowledge of the mineral composition of mining waste and the related potential for element release. This paper studies the combination of acid–base neutralizing capacity (ANC–BNC) with geochemical modeling for the characterization of mining waste and prediction of AMD and CND. The proposed approach is validated with three synthetic mineral assemblages: (1) siliceous sand with pyrite only, representing mining waste responsible for AMD, (2) siliceous sand with calcite and pyrite, representing calcareous waste responsible for CND, and (3) siliceous sand with calcite only, simulating calcareous matrices without any pyrite. The geochemical modeling approach using PHREEQC software was used to model pH evolution and main element release as a function of the added amount of acid or base over the entire pH range: 1 pH 13. For calcareous matrices (sand with calcite), the results are typical of a carbonated environment, the geochemistry of which is well known. For matrices containing pyrite, the results identify different pH values favoring the dissolution of pyrite: pH = 2 in a pyrite-only environment and pH = 6 where pyrite coexists with calcite. The neutral conditions can be explained by the buffering capacity of calcite, which allows iron oxyhydroxide precipitation. Major element release is then related to the dissolution and precipitation of the mineral assemblages. The geochemical modeling allows the prediction of element speciation in the solid and liquid phases. Our findings clearly prove the potential of combined ANC–BNC experiments along with geochemical modeling for the characterization of mining waste and the assessment of risk of AMD and CND.
Measuring Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism in Children and Adolescents: The Narcissism Scale for Children
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 29-05-2018
Abstract: Clinical and empirical research have consistently distinguished two dimensions of narcissism: grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism. However, to date there is no psychometrically validated measure of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism for children. A measure that assesses both expressions of narcissism in children and adolescents is necessary to understand the causes and consequences of narcissistic self-views prior to adulthood. In this article, four studies are presented documenting the construction and psychometric properties of a 15-item Narcissism Scale for Children, adapted from the (adult) Narcissism Scale. Partial confirmatory factor analysis supported two dimensions of narcissism in children (Study 1) and adolescents (Study 4), with evidence for good validity and reliability (Studies 1-4). As in adults, trait narcissism in children and adolescents consists of both grandiose and vulnerable dimensions. Enabling the measurement of multidimensional narcissism prior to adulthood has important implications for narcissism theory and future research.
Hemispheric asymmetries in rapid temporal processing at age 7 predict subsequent phonemic decoding 2 years later
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA.2018.01.035
Abstract: The asymmetric s ling in time hypothesis (AST) suggests that the left and right secondary auditory areas process auditory stimuli according to different s ling rates (Poeppel, 2003). We investigated whether asymmetries consistent with the AST are observable in children at age 7 and whether they become more pronounced at age 9. Data were collected from 50 children who attended a 2-day research program at age 7 and were followed up 2 years later. At both time points, children were presented with tone-pairs, each composed of two 50 ms, 1000 Hz, sinusoidal tones separated by inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) of 25, 50, 100, or 200 ms. Stimuli were presented binaurally whilst the EEG was recorded. The Ta and Tb, which are components of the auditory event-related potential (ERP), were used as electrophysiological indices of auditory processing. There was no significant effect of age on Ta or Tb responses. Tb responses to the second tone of tone-pairs indicated a left-hemisphere preference for rapidly presented stimuli (50 ms ISI) and a right hemisphere preference for more slowly presented stimuli (100 and 200 ms ISI). The results provide evidence that auditory areas of the left hemisphere preferentially respond to fast temporal rates, and those of the right hemisphere preferentially respond to slow temporal rates in children at age 7 and 9. In 7-year-old children, leftward lateralisation of responses to rapidly presented tones predicted better phonemic decoding ability 2 years later, which suggests that hemispheric specialisation may be a precursor for subsequent phonemic decoding skills.
The Effect of Weathering on Salt Release from Coal Mine Spoils
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-12-2019
DOI: 10.3390/MIN9120760
Abstract: Coal mine spoils have the potential to create environmental impacts, such as salt load to surrounding environments, particularly when exposed to weathering processes. This study was conducted to understand the effect of physical and chemical weathering on the magnitude, rate, and dynamics of salt release from different coal mine spoils. Five spoil s les from three mines in Queensland were sieved to three different particle size fractions ( mm, 2–6 mm, and mm). Two s les were dispersive spoils, and three s les were nondispersive spoils. The spoils were subjected to seven wet–dry cycles, where the s les were periodically leached with deionised water. The rate, magnitude, and dynamics of solutes released from spoils were spoil specific. One set of spoils did not show any evidence of weathering, but initially had higher accumulation of salts. In contrast, broad oxidative weathering occurred in another set of spoils this led to acid generation and resulted in physical weathering, promoting adsorption–desorption and dissolution and, thus, a greater release of salts. This study indicated that the rate and magnitude of salt release decreased with increasing particle size. Nevertheless, when the spoil is dispersive, the degree of weathering manages salt release irrespective of initial particle size. This study revealed that the long-term salt release from spoils is not only governed by geochemistry, weathering degree, and particle size but also controlled by the water/rock ratio and hydrological conditions of spoils.
Early school suspensions for children with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Geochemical characteristics of rehabilitated tailings and associated seepages at Kidston gold mine, Queensland, Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-08-2017
Modelling of Salt Leaching from Coal Mine Spoils at Two Scales
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-08-2021
Positive Illusions of Social Competence in Girls with and Without ADHD
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-01-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S10802-010-9484-0
Abstract: We compared social self-competence ratings in 9-12 year old girls with (n = 42) versus without (n = 40) ADHD, relative to ratings of the girls' social competence made by mothers, teachers, and blind raters during a social laboratory task. Relative to scores from mothers, teachers, and the lab-task, girls with ADHD over-estimated their competence significantly more than control girls. Over-estimates were greater for girls with ADHD who also had heightened oppositional-defiant symptoms, or lower depressive symptoms. Over-estimates were positively related to a socially desirable reporting bias for girls with ADHD, but not for control girls, suggesting that girls with ADHD attempt to present themselves in an unduly positive, self-protective light. For girls with ADHD, over-estimates also were positively related to maladjustment and negatively related to adjustment. However, for girls without ADHD, over-estimates were positively related to adjustment. Overall, over-estimates of competence function differently in girls with and without ADHD.
The role of social support, being present and self-kindness in university student well-being
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-06-2018
Sulfur and oxygen isotope constraints on sulfate sources and neutral rock drainage-related processes at a South African colliery
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Supplementary Table 3 from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 09-2023
Environmental geochemistry of the abandoned Mamut Copper Mine (Sabah) Malaysia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-11-2016
Improved water recovery: a review of clay-rich tailings and saline water interactions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Introducing the hydrate gel membrane technology for filtration of mine tailings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
The Children's Social Vulnerability Questionnaire (CSVQ): Validation, relationship with psychosocial functioning, and age-related differences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Staged electrochemical treatment guided by modelling allows for targeted recovery of metals and rare earth elements from acid mine drainage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Experiences and needs of children and adolescents affected by a parent's acquired brain injury
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-03-2023
Assessment of mineralogical, textural, and water chemistry changes during long-distance tailings-slurry transport
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-01-2020
When similarity leads to sparing: Probing mechanisms underlying the attentional blink
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-08-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S00426-008-0155-5
Abstract: When two targets are embedded in a temporal stream of distractors, second-target identification is initially impaired and then gradually improves as inter-target interval lengthens (attentional blink AB). Notably, in about half of the published studies, this deficit is partially ameliorated when the targets follow one another directly, a condition known as "lag-1 sparing". Here, we probe the impact of target-distractor similarity on lag-1 sparing, with the surprising finding that while high similarity impairs second-target accuracy at all subsequent lags, it actually improves accuracy when the targets follow one another directly. We suggest that this improvement reflects the positive influence of over-committing resources to target processing in the AB.
Supplementary Table 1 from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 26-07-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.23779469
Abstract: Major diagnostic groups of physical-health diseases based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 9th (Clinical modification) and 10th (Australian Modification) revisions.
Supplementary Table 2 from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 26-07-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.23779466
Abstract: Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause and cause-specific hospitalisations, major cancer diagnostic group.
Chemical transformations of arsenic in the rhizosphere–root interface of Pityrogramma calomelanos and Pteris vittata
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-2023
Abstract: Pityrogramma calomelanos and Pteris vittata are cosmopolitan fern species that are the strongest known arsenic (As) hyperaccumulators, with potential to be used in the remediation of arsenic-contaminated mine tailings. However, it is currently unknown what chemical processes lead to uptake of As in the roots. This information is critical to identify As-contaminated soils that can be phytoremediated, or to improve the phytoremediation process. Therefore, this study identified the in situ distribution of As in the root interface leading to uptake in P. calomelanos and P. vittata, using a combination of synchrotron micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge structure imaging to reveal chemical transformations of arsenic in the rhizosphere–root interface of these ferns. The dominant form of As in soils was As(V), even in As(III)-dosed soils, and the major form in P. calomelanos roots was As(III), while it was As(V) in P. vittata roots. Arsenic was cycled from roots growing in As-rich soil to roots growing in control soil. This study combined novel analytical approaches to elucidate the As cycling in the rhizosphere and roots enabling insights for further application in phytotechnologies to remediated As-polluted soils.
The impacts of high salinity and polymer properties on dewatering and structural characteristics of flocculated high-solids tailings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Supplementary Table 1 from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 09-2023
Stable Isotope Imprints during Pyrite Leaching: Implications for Acid Rock Drainage Characterization
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-11-2020
DOI: 10.3390/MIN10110982
Abstract: The characterization of acid rock drainage (ARD) is traditionally based on mineralogical and geochemical techniques (e.g., Acid Base Accounting tests). The complexity of ARD processes warrants contribution of methods from various disciplines. In the past decade, the increasing role of environmental isotopes in pollution monitoring has enabled the successful application of isotope methods in ARD investigations. While isotopic compositions of different pollutants can refer to their parent mineral, the degree of isotope fractionations are indicative of the mechanisms taking place during the release and transportation of ARD-related contaminants. In natural environments, however, the measured isotope fractionations are predominantly the result of several coexisting or sequential processes. Therefore, the identification and quantification of the distinct contributions of these processes to isotope variations is difficult and requires well-defined laboratory conditions, where the influence of ARD generation on different isotope systems can be assessed with greater certainty. This review provides readers with a single source of information regarding isotopic variations generated by laboratory pyrite leaching.
Supplementary Table 2 from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 09-2023
Supplementary Table 3 from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 26-07-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.23779463
Abstract: Adjusted annual mean costs of privately funded hospitalisations per in idual, by all-cause and cause-specific physical diseases.
Element distribution in electrochemically treated mine wastewater for efficient resource recovery and water treatment: a pilot study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Geochemical stability of potentially toxic elements in porphyry copper-mine tailings from Chile as linked to ecological and human health risks assessment
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-06-2021
Perinatal Women’s Perspectives of, and Engagement in, Digital Emotional Well-Being Training: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 02-03-2023
Abstract: sychological distress in the early postpartum period can have long-lasting deleterious effects on maternal wellbeing, and negatively impact her infant’s development. Intervention approaches based in contemplative practices, such as mindfulness and loving-kindness and compassion, are intended to alleviate distress and cultivate wellbeing, and can be delivered effectively as digital mental health interventions (DMHIs). o understand the feasibility of engaging perinatal women in digital interventions, this study aimed to document participants’ experiences in the Mums Minds Matter (MMM) study, a pilot randomised controlled trial comparing mindfulness, loving-kindness and compassion, and progressive muscle relaxation training delivered in a digital format, undertaken during pregnancy. To assess the different stages of engagement during and post-intervention, we adapted the CAPE framework (Connect, Attend, Participate, Enact) that is based on the idea that in iduals go through different stages of engagement before they are able to enact change. he MMM study was nested within a longitudinal birth cohort, The ORIGINS Project. We aimed to recruit 25 participants per randomisation arm. Data were collected sequentially: during the intervention through regular web-based surveys over 8 weeks, with opportunities to provide regular feedback. In the post-intervention phase, qualitative data were collected through purposive s ling. rom 310 women, a total of 84 participants enrolled to participate in MMM, that is a connect rate of almost 27%. Of those who were excluded (n=226), they did not commence to randomization due to either failure to complete the baseline surveys or timed out of eligibility (post 30 weeks’ gestation) or high psychological distress scores (n =3). Across all program groups, n=17 (20%) participants actively opted out (attend rate), although more may have disengaged from the intervention but not withdrawn. The main reasons for withdrawal were busy life and other priorities. In this study, we assessed active engagement and ongoing skills usage (participate and enact) through post-intervention interviews. We undertook a total of 15 participant interviews, ranging from one month to three months post-intervention. Our results provide insights into participant barriers and enablers, and app changes, such as the ability to choose topics, daily reminders, case studies, and ersity in sounds. DMHIs that are brief, include frequent prompts or ‘nudges’, with easy accessibility are key strategies to target perinatal women. ur research will enable future app designs that are sufficiently nuanced to maximise uptake, engagement and application of mental health skills and contemplative practices in the perinatal period. Providing convenient access to engaging and effective prevention programs is critical and should be part of antenatal self-care. Our research underscores the appeal and feasibility of digital intervention approaches based in contemplative practice for perinatal women. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Number 12620000672954p anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12620000672954p.aspx R2-10.2196/19803
Skill Enactment and Knowledge Acquisition in Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials (Preprint)
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 29-11-2022
Abstract: igital cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions can effectively prevent and treat depression and anxiety, but engagement with these programs is often low. Although extensive research has evaluated program use as a proxy for engagement, the extent to which users acquire knowledge and enact skills from these programs has been largely overlooked. his study aimed to investigate how skill enactment and knowledge acquisition have been measured, evaluate postintervention changes in skill enactment and knowledge acquisition, examine whether mental health outcomes are associated with skill enactment or knowledge acquisition, and evaluate predictors of skill enactment and knowledge acquisition. ubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 2000 and July 2022. We included RCTs comparing digital CBT with any comparison group in adolescents or adults (aged ≥12 years) for anxiety or depression. Eligible studies reported quantitative measures of skill enactment or knowledge acquisition. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for RCTs. Narrative synthesis was used to address the review questions. n total, 43 papers were included, of which 29 (67%) reported a skill enactment measure and 15 (35%) reported a knowledge acquisition measure. Skill enactment was typically operationalized as the frequency of enacting skills using the completion of in-program activities (ie, formal skill enactment 13/29, 45%) and intervention-specific (9/29, 31%) or standardized (8/29, 28%) questionnaires. Knowledge measures included tests of CBT knowledge (6/15, 40%) or mental health literacy (5/15, 33%) and self-report questionnaires (6/15, 40%). In total, 17 studies evaluated postintervention changes in skill enactment or knowledge acquisition, and findings were mostly significant for skill enactment (6/8, 75% of the studies), CBT knowledge (6/6, 100%), and mental health literacy (4/5, 80%). Of the 12 studies that evaluated the association between skill enactment and postintervention mental health outcomes, most reported ≥1 significant positive finding on standardized questionnaires (4/4, 100%), formal skill enactment indicators (5/7, 71%), or intervention-specific questionnaires (1/1, 100%). None of the 4 studies that evaluated the association between knowledge acquisition and primary mental health outcomes reported significant results. A total of 13 studies investigated predictors of skill enactment only type of guidance and improvements in psychological variables were associated with increased skill enactment in ≥2 analyses. Predictors of knowledge acquisition were evaluated in 2 studies. igital CBT for depression and anxiety can improve skill enactment and knowledge acquisition. However, only skill enactment appears to be associated with mental health outcomes, which may depend on the type of measure examined. Additional research is needed to understand what types and levels of skill enactment and knowledge acquisition are most relevant for outcomes and identify predictors of these constructs. ROSPERO CRD42021275270 www.crd.york.ac.uk rospero/display_record.php?RecordID=275270
Mothers' Reports of Parenting in Families of Children with Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Relations to Impression Management
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-01-2004
VALIDATION OF ADHD RATING SCALES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2004
Parents Who are Separating or Divorced
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190629069.003.0018
Abstract: Separation and orce are significant life stressors for families. The developmental outcomes for children from this experience are dependent on a range of factors, including co-parental conflict, poor parenting, and parental mental health. Parenting interventions, particularly early in the separation process, have the potential to address modifiable family risk factors and enhance protective factors to optimize positive child and family outcomes. Family Transitions Triple P was developed in response to demand from both consumers and the court system for support for parents going through orce. Family Transitions Triple P provides families with a high standard of care in promoting positive outcomes for children.
The Role of Social Support, Being Present, and Self‐kindness in University Student Psychological Distress
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1111/AP.12271
Re-thinking mining waste through an integrative approach led by circular economy aspirations
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-05-2019
DOI: 10.3390/MIN9050286
Abstract: Mining wastes, particularly in the form of waste rocks and tailings, can have major social and environmental impacts. There is a need for comprehensive long-term strategies for transforming the mining industry to move toward zero environmental footprint. “How can the mining industry create new economic value, minimise its social and environmental impacts and diminish liability from mining waste?” This would require cross-disciplinary skills, across the social, environmental, technical, legal, regulatory, and economic domains, to produce innovative solutions. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge across these domains and integrate them in a new approach for exploiting or “re-thinking” mining wastes. This approach includes five key areas of social dimensions, geoenvironmental aspects, geometallurgy specifications, economic drivers and legal implications for improved environmental outcomes, and circular economy aspirations, which are aligned with the 10 principles of the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM). Applying circular economy thinking to mining waste presents a major opportunity to reduce the liability and increase the value of waste materials arising from mining and processing operations.
Fearing Failure: Grandiose Narcissism, Vulnerable Narcissism, and Emotional Reactivity in Children
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-06-2019
DOI: 10.1111/CDEV.13264
Abstract: The distinction between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism is new to the child literature, but initial findings suggest that it may have important implications for understanding adjustment. This study examined how expressions of narcissism in children influence their reactions to a mild egothreats experience. Children (N = 124 aged 8-12 years) completed self-ratings before and after doing a brief but challenging task. Negative emotions, self-conscious emotions, and performance estimates were measured. Regression analyses showed that, even after controlling the effects of self-esteem and temperament, vulnerable narcissism was related to increased hostility, anger, and shame, whereas grandiose narcissism was related to inflated performance estimates following the task. These results demonstrate the unique roles of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in children.
Teachers' and education students' perceptions of and reactions to children with and without the diagnostic label “ADHD”
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSP.2010.10.001
Abstract: Thirty-four elementary school teachers and 32 education students from Canada rated their reactions towards vignettes describing children who met attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom criteria that included or did not include the label "ADHD." "ADHD"-labeled vignettes elicited greater perceptions of the child's impairment as well as more negative emotions and less confidence in the participants, although it also increased participants' willingness to implement treatment interventions. Ratings were similar to vignettes of boys versus girls however, important differences in ratings between teachers and education students emerged and are discussed. Finally, we investigated the degree to which teachers' professional backgrounds influenced bias based on the label "ADHD." Training specific to ADHD consistently predicted label bias, whereas teachers' experience working with children with ADHD did not.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 09-2023
Supplementary Figure 1 from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 26-07-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.23779475
Abstract: The mean cumulative count of hospitalisations for any physical-health disease by time since index cancer diagnosis, in childhood cancer survivors.
Data from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 09-2023
Data from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 26-07-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.C.6760427.V1
Abstract: AbstractBackground: The long-term effects of childhood cancer are unclear in the Australian context. We examined hospitalization trends for physical diseases and estimated the associated inpatient care costs in all 5-year childhood cancer survivors (CCS) diagnosed in Western Australia (WA) from 1982 to 2014. Methods: Hospitalization records for 2,938 CCS and 24,792 comparisons were extracted from 1987 to 2019 (median follow-up = 12 years, min = 1, max = 32). The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of hospitalization with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was estimated using the Andersen–Gill model for recurrent events. The cumulative burden of hospitalizations over time was assessed using the mean cumulative count method. The adjusted mean cost of hospitalization was estimated using the generalized linear models. Results: We identified a higher risk of hospitalization for all-cause (aHR, 2.0 95% CI, 1.8–2.2) physical disease in CCS than comparisons, with the highest risk for subsequent malignant neoplasms (aHR, 15.0 95% CI, 11.3–19.8) and blood diseases (aHR, 6.9 95% CI, 2.6–18.2). Characteristics associated with higher hospitalization rates included female gender, diagnosis with bone tumors, cancer diagnosis age between 5 and 9 years, multiple childhood cancer diagnoses, multiple comorbidities, higher deprivation, increased remoteness, and Indigenous status. The difference in the mean total hospitalization costs for any disease was significantly higher in survivors than comparisons (publicly funded $11,483 United States Dollar, i P /i 0.05). Conclusions: The CCS population faces a significantly higher risk of physical morbidity and higher cost of hospital-based care than the comparisons. Impact: Our study highlights the need for long-term follow-up healthcare services to prevent disease progression and mitigate the burden of physical morbidity on CCS and hospital services. /
Supplementary Figure 2 from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 26-07-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.23779472
Abstract: The mean cumulative count of hospitalisations for any physical-health disease by attained age, in childhood cancer survivors and their matched comparisons.
Ten-Year Review of Rating Scales. VI: Scales Assessing Externalizing Behaviors
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2003
Chronic Illness and Developmental Vulnerability at School Entry
Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Date: 05-2016
Abstract: This study examined the association between chronic illness and school readiness, by using linked administrative population data. The s le included children born in 2003–2004 who were residing in Western Australia in 2009 and had a complete Australian Early Development Census record (N = 22 890). Health and demographic information was also analyzed for 19 227 mothers and 19 030 fathers. The impact of child chronic illness on 5 developmental domains (social, emotional, language, cognitive, and physical) at school entry was analyzed. Analyses examined the association between child developmental outcomes and chronic illness generally, single or multiple chronic illness diagnosis, and diagnosis type. Logistic regression models estimated odds ratios for each outcome, adjusted for child, parent, and community sociodemographic variables. In the adjusted models, children with a chronic illness had an increased risk of being classified as developmentally vulnerable on all domains, compared with children without a chronic illness (20%–35% increase in risk). There was no increased risk for children with multiple chronic illness diagnoses over those with a single diagnosis (all Ps & .05). There was no evidence of a disease-specific effect driving this risk. Regardless of the number or type of conditions, chronic illness in young children is a risk factor for reduced school readiness. These effects were seen for health conditions not traditionally considered detrimental to school readiness, such as chronic otitis media. Thus, the implications of a broader range of chronic health conditions in early childhood on school readiness need to be considered.
Root responses to arsenic enrichment in the fern Pityrogramma calomelanos var. austroamericana grown in rhizoboxes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Microbially influenced tungsten mobilization and formation of secondary minerals in wolframite tailings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Ten-Year Review of Rating Scales. V: Scales Assessing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2003
Data from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 09-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.C.6760427
Abstract: AbstractBackground: The long-term effects of childhood cancer are unclear in the Australian context. We examined hospitalization trends for physical diseases and estimated the associated inpatient care costs in all 5-year childhood cancer survivors (CCS) diagnosed in Western Australia (WA) from 1982 to 2014. Methods: Hospitalization records for 2,938 CCS and 24,792 comparisons were extracted from 1987 to 2019 (median follow-up = 12 years, min = 1, max = 32). The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of hospitalization with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was estimated using the Andersen–Gill model for recurrent events. The cumulative burden of hospitalizations over time was assessed using the mean cumulative count method. The adjusted mean cost of hospitalization was estimated using the generalized linear models. Results: We identified a higher risk of hospitalization for all-cause (aHR, 2.0 95% CI, 1.8–2.2) physical disease in CCS than comparisons, with the highest risk for subsequent malignant neoplasms (aHR, 15.0 95% CI, 11.3–19.8) and blood diseases (aHR, 6.9 95% CI, 2.6–18.2). Characteristics associated with higher hospitalization rates included female gender, diagnosis with bone tumors, cancer diagnosis age between 5 and 9 years, multiple childhood cancer diagnoses, multiple comorbidities, higher deprivation, increased remoteness, and Indigenous status. The difference in the mean total hospitalization costs for any disease was significantly higher in survivors than comparisons (publicly funded $11,483 United States Dollar, i P /i 0.05). Conclusions: The CCS population faces a significantly higher risk of physical morbidity and higher cost of hospital-based care than the comparisons. Impact: Our study highlights the need for long-term follow-up healthcare services to prevent disease progression and mitigate the burden of physical morbidity on CCS and hospital services. /
Data-limited manipulations of T1 difficulty modulate the attentional blink.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 06-2007
DOI: 10.1037/CJEP2007011
Abstract: When two targets are embedded in a temporal stream of distractors, second-target identification is initially impaired and then gradually improves as intertarget interval lengthens (attentional blink AB). According to bottleneck models of the AB, difficulty of first-target processing should modulate the magnitude of the second-target deficit. To test this, we examined whether a data-limited manipulation of T1 difficulty (forward masking) would modulate AB magnitude. In two experiments, we show that data-limited manipulations of T1 difficulty do affect the AB, so long as T1 is not masked by an immediately trailing distractor. When such a trailing item is present, the relationship between T1 difficulty and the AB disappears.
Supplementary Table 2 from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 26-07-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.23779466.V1
Abstract: Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause and cause-specific hospitalisations, major cancer diagnostic group.
Severe parental mental illness is associated with lower school readiness in offspring: A linked data study
Publisher: Swansea University
Date: 18-04-2017
Abstract: ABSTRACT ObjectivesPrevious research has demonstrated an association between parental mental illness and adverse developmental outcomes in their offspring. If parental mental illness impacts on child development such that their offspring do not optimally develop the skills and abilities required for academic success, the effects may be long lasting. To date, the majority of research in this area has focused on maternal depression, with much less attention paid to other diagnostic groups or mental illness in fathers. It is important that we better understand the impact of parental mental illness on children’s development, so that the child’s needs may be incorporated into treatment alongside interventions for the parent. Data linkage provides us with a unique opportunity to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of this association. ApproachData from the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) was used as a measure of early childhood development in five domains (physical health, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive skills, and communication skills and general knowledge). Data were available for 22,890 Western Australian children aged 5-6 years, whose 2009 AEDC scores were linked to data on parental psychiatric hospitalisations. We identified parents with diagnoses of a range of mental illness diagnoses parents who had more than one diagnosis and mental illness in both mothers and fathers. Models were adjusted for child, parent and community socio-demographic characteristics. ResultsA total of 1069 mothers and 656 fathers had an inpatient psychiatric admission during the study period. The most prevalent diagnoses for both mothers and fathers were mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated for each AEDC domain using logistic regression. Parental mental illness was found to be associated with increased risk of offspring being developmentally vulnerable, compared to outcomes for children of parents without a psychiatric hospitalisation. This effect was equivalent for both parents, and was evident after controlling for socio-demographic factors. ConclusionThese findings add support to recommendations that mental health professionals consider the impact of their patient’s psychiatric symptoms on the developing child when planning treatment. The study also shows that it is important to ensure that fathers are not overlooked in assessment and intervention. Family-based approaches to adult psychiatric care could meet the dual needs of intervention for parents and preventative measures for their offspring. These findings can inform policy regarding the importance of integrating and coordinating services to meet the needs of the family.
Does knowledge about attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder impact teachers' reported behaviors and perceptions?
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 09-2008
Children of parents who have been hospitalised with psychiatric disorders are at risk of poor school readiness
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-04-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S2045796018000148
Abstract: Children of parents with psychiatric disorders are at risk of poor outcomes. However, there is limited evidence regarding the relationship between parental psychiatric disorders and child school readiness, which is linked to later academic achievement. This study aims to investigate these relationships and broaden the evidence underlying the rationale for family-focused interventions for parental psychiatric disorders. This study used linked administrative data. Children's school readiness in multiple developmental domains (physical, social, emotional, communicative, cognitive) was measured by the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) for 19 071 Western Australian children (mean age 5.5 years). Children scoring in the bottom 25% on any AEDC domain were considered developmentally vulnerable, or at risk of vulnerability, on that domain. Biological child–parent pairs were identified using birth records. Parents with psychiatric disorders were identified from hospital records, which included information on diagnosis and frequency/duration of psychiatric admissions. Logistic regressions, adjusted for parent age, mother's marital status, child Aboriginality, child English language status, local community remoteness and socioeconomic index, estimated the odds of children being vulnerable/at-risk on each of the AEDC domains. A total of 719 mothers and 417 fathers had a psychiatric hospitalisation during the study period (12 months prior to the child's birth, up to the end of 2009). Children whose parents had psychiatric disorders had increased odds of being classified as vulnerable/at-risk for school readiness. This increase in odds was evident for both maternal (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.37– 1.51) and paternal psychiatric disorders (aOR 1.38–1.50) and for a single admission of one day (aOR 1.32–1.59), a single admission of multiple days (aOR 1.30–1.47), and multiple admissions (aOR 1.35–1.63). Some variability in child outcome was found depending on the parents’ psychiatric diagnosis (mood, anxiety, substance abuse or comorbid disorder). Children of parents who have been hospitalised with psychiatric disorders are at risk for poor school readiness. These findings add support to recommendations that mental health professionals consider dependent children in discharge and treatment planning for adult psychiatric inpatients. It is also important to ensure that the impact of psychiatric illness in fathers is not overlooked in assessment and intervention. Family-based approaches to adult psychiatric care could meet the dual needs of intervention for parents and preventative measures for children. These findings can inform policy regarding the importance of integrating and coordinating services to meet the needs of families.
Transparency on greenhouse gas emissions from mining to enable climate change mitigation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2020
Aggression after paediatric traumatic brain injury: A theoretical approach
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1080/02699050802425444
Abstract: To examine aggression in adolescent males with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI). Quasi-experimental, matched-participants design. Thirty-nine adolescents were examined, including a TBI group (n = 11) and a matched, uninjured comparison group (n = 28). Participants with TBI were injured an average of 8.3 years (SD = 4.2 years) prior. Participants and parents completed the Youth Self Report (YSR) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), both measures of global psychopathology. In addition, the theoretically-driven Reactive and Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ) and the Form of Aggression Scale (FAS) were completed. When compared using the YSR and CBCL, no group differences were detected. In contrast, using the self-report RPQ, participants with TBI reported more reactive and proactive aggression than non-injured peers. Using the FAS, participants with TBI reported engaging in aggression out of frustration and not to dominate or acquire objects. Aggressive behaviours are a long-term outcome after paediatric TBI. Measures of global psychopathology do not permit detailed examination of specific behaviour problems such as aggression, which may provide inaccurate data from which to derive incidence rates. In contrast, theoretically-driven measures can provide greater insight into post-TBI aggression with important treatment implications.
Investigation of the attenuation and release of Cu2+ Ions by polymer-treated tailings
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.3390/MIN12070846
Abstract: This study investigated the attenuation and release behaviour of copper ions using a standard kaolin-silt slurry as the synthetic tailings in a high solids/high salinity application before and after inline flocculation. A homogenous, synthetic tailings slurry was prepared in a 0.6 M NaCl solution and treated in a low-shear mixer by adding Magnafloc® 336 flocculant. Following the evaluation of morphological properties of both the untreated (UT) and polymer-treated tailings (PT), identical equilibrium tests were performed via the bottle-point method constant concentration technique. The maximum copper ions uptake capacity of polymer-treated tailings was 25% more than the untreated slurry at the equilibrium state in a chemisorption process in which the ions had the capability of binding onto one location on the sorbent, which could be influencing other binding sites on the same sorbent. Polymer treatment resulted in a highly porous structure that exhibited an increased capacity to adsorb and retain copper ions compared to the UT materials. This behaviour indicates the strong binding between the copper ions and active site of the treated tailings particles with greater capability of this material for preserving heavy metal ions within their structure across a wide pH range (2–10) compared to the UT materials. The results advance the fundamental understanding of how inline flocculation can considerably improve the sorption capacity of high solids/high salinity tailings favouring potential long-term rehabilitation purposes at mine closure and the role of sorption and desorption of heavy metal ions’ behaviour play to achieve this goal.
Trajectories of Mental Health Difficulties in Young People Who are Attracted to the Same Gender
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-08-2020
How psychosocial interventions meet the needs of children of parents with cancer: A review and critical evaluation
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 13-05-2020
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.13237
The stigmatisation of the provision of services for alcohol and other drug users: A systematic literature review
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-11-2014
Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 06-07-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-22-1313
Abstract: The long-term effects of childhood cancer are unclear in the Australian context. We examined hospitalization trends for physical diseases and estimated the associated inpatient care costs in all 5-year childhood cancer survivors (CCS) diagnosed in Western Australia (WA) from 1982 to 2014. Hospitalization records for 2,938 CCS and 24,792 comparisons were extracted from 1987 to 2019 (median follow-up = 12 years, min = 1, max = 32). The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of hospitalization with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was estimated using the Andersen–Gill model for recurrent events. The cumulative burden of hospitalizations over time was assessed using the mean cumulative count method. The adjusted mean cost of hospitalization was estimated using the generalized linear models. We identified a higher risk of hospitalization for all-cause (aHR, 2.0 95% CI, 1.8–2.2) physical disease in CCS than comparisons, with the highest risk for subsequent malignant neoplasms (aHR, 15.0 95% CI, 11.3–19.8) and blood diseases (aHR, 6.9 95% CI, 2.6–18.2). Characteristics associated with higher hospitalization rates included female gender, diagnosis with bone tumors, cancer diagnosis age between 5 and 9 years, multiple childhood cancer diagnoses, multiple comorbidities, higher deprivation, increased remoteness, and Indigenous status. The difference in the mean total hospitalization costs for any disease was significantly higher in survivors than comparisons (publicly funded $11,483 United States Dollar, P & 0.05). The CCS population faces a significantly higher risk of physical morbidity and higher cost of hospital-based care than the comparisons. Our study highlights the need for long-term follow-up healthcare services to prevent disease progression and mitigate the burden of physical morbidity on CCS and hospital services.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 26-07-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.23779472.V1
Abstract: The mean cumulative count of hospitalisations for any physical-health disease by attained age, in childhood cancer survivors and their matched comparisons.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 09-2023
Ten-Year Review of Rating Scales. IV: Scales Assessing Trauma and Its Effects
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2002
DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200212000-00012
Abstract: This article summarizes scales assessing trauma and its effects on youths. We s led trauma-related articles published over the past 25 years, with an emphasis on the past decade, selected scales with at least several publications, and reviewed their properties. Those with minimally adequate psychometric properties and continued literature citations or a special niche are presented. Most of trauma-related scales are relatively new, reflecting the evolving interest in juvenile trauma. Therefore, they do not have the depth of psychometric examination nor the breadth of applications described for previously reviewed scales. However, they have been applied to various traumatic situations. These scales assess a range of trauma-related symptoms and behaviors, including posttraumatic stress disorder, symptoms related to posttraumatic stress disorder, and dissociation. Additionally, several scales assess the trauma itself. Trauma-related scales show promise for research and clinical use in understanding youths' responses to trauma. However, their utility for treatment planning and for accountability in practice is generally not as clear. The potential user must clearly define the goals of measurement and use these scales within their limited roles. With these caveats, trauma-related scales may assist our work with traumatized youths.
Temporal cues derived from statistical patterns can overcome resource limitations in the attentional blink
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-03-2015
DOI: 10.3758/S13414-015-0880-Y
Abstract: Previous studies have shown that humans are sensitive to statistical patterns indicating the likely locations, identities, and timings of visual targets. Here we tested whether participants can also use this kind of information to ameliorate the attentional blink (AB)—a reduction in accuracy for the second of two targets (T1, T2) presented at brief intertarget intervals (lags). In particular, we asked whether participants can use patterns arising from differential distributions of intertarget lags across trials to predict the arrival of T2. We tested this by comparing the ABs in an aging versus a nonaging distribution of trials, where aging refers to the increased likelihood of T2, given that it has not yet occurred, when lags occur with equal frequencies. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that the aging condition yielded greater T2 accuracy at longer lags than did the nonaging condition. In Experiment 3, we used a more sensitive response time measure to show faster T2 discrimination at shorter lags in the nonaging condition. These results demonstrate that participants can predict the likely onset of T2 by using statistical patterns present in the AB task, and that they can use this ability to more effectively direct limited processing resources.
What is the Social Impact of ADHD in Girls? A Multi-Method Assessment
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-12-2006
DOI: 10.1007/S10802-006-9076-1
Abstract: This study explores the social impact of ADHD, with and without opposition-defiant behaviour (ADHD+ODD (n= 22) and ADHD-only (n= 18)), in 9- to 12- year old girls compared to girls without ADHD (n= 40). Girls played a computer game involving simulated players, and mothers and teachers completed rating scales. In general, mothers and teachers saw girls with ADHD+ODD as more overtly and relationally aggressive and less prosocial than girls with ADHD-only, who were seen as more overtly and relationally aggressive and less prosocial than control girls. On the computer game, girls with ADHD+ODD were more overtly aggressive, more directly relationally aggressive, and showed less skilled behaviour than the other groups. Girls with ADHD-only showed less covert, indirect relational aggression and more socially awkward interactions than girls in the control group on the computer game. In all, the results indicate that girls with ADHD, with and without ODD behaviour, engage in socially detrimental behaviours.
The Parents’ Self-Stigma Scale: Development, Factor Analysis, Reliability, and Validity
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-06-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S10578-018-0822-8
Abstract: For parents of children with a mental health disorder, self-stigma can negatively impact their self-esteem and empowerment. Although measures of self-stigma exist, these have not been created in consultation with parents of children with a mental health disorder. Thus, the aim of this study was to construct a new scale based on parents' experiences and developed in partnership with parents through participatory action research (PAR). Draft items that reflect parents' self-stigmas were drawn from qualitative research. A PAR group further developed these items for conceptual and experiential representativeness, and wording suitability and interpretability. With data from 424 parents of children with a mental health disorder, factor analyses indicated three factors: self-blame, self-shame, and bad-parent self-beliefs. These factors were negatively correlated with self-esteem and empowerment. Internal consistencies were acceptable. In sum, parent self-stigma is best operationalised as including self-blame, self-shame, and bad-parent self-beliefs. A valid, PAR-informed measure is provided to promote consistent, authentic, and sensitive measurement of these components.
Mothers' Attributions for Behavior in Nonproblem Boys, Boys With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Boys With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Behavior
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2006
DOI: 10.1207/S15374424JCCP3501_6
Abstract: This study compared attributions for child behavior among mothers of 38 nonproblem boys, 26 boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 25 boys with ADHD and oppositional defiant (OD) behavior. Boys ranged from 7 to 10 years of age. To capture different aspects of mothers' attributions, 2 assessment methods were employed: (a) ratings of the internality, controllability, globality, and stability of causes for written descriptions of child behavior and (b) coding of the types of causal attributions that mothers provided in vivo while watching their own child's behavior. In response to the written descriptions of child behavior, mothers of boys with ADHD/OD rated the causes of oppositional and inattentive-impulsive child behaviors as more stable and global than did mothers of nonproblem boys. In identifying causes of their own child's failure on lab tasks, mothers of boys with ADHD/OD provided more child-negative attributional causes than did mothers of either ADHD only or nonproblem boys. Implications for assessing and understanding attributions in families of children with ADHD and OD are discussed.
Using linked data to investigate developmental vulnerabilities in children of convicted parents.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1037/DEV0000521
Abstract: There is evidence that children of incarcerated parents are at risk of poor developmental and educational outcomes. However, much of this evidence is limited by biased s les, as studies must rely on opt-in recruitment. Administrative data present an opportunity to overcome this challenge, as they capture information on all incarcerated in iduals. This study used administrative data on convictions of the parents of 19,071 children aged 5-6 years in Western Australia. Records of parental convictions (starting from 1 year prior to the child's birth) were linked to children's scores on the Australian Early Development Census, which is a teacher-reported measure of children's physical, social, emotional, communicative, and cognitive development. Logistic regression models estimated the odds of children of convicted parents being developmentally vulnerable. Models were adjusted for child, parent, and neighborhood sociodemographic factors. Compared to children in the comparison group, children whose parent had either served a community order or been incarcerated were at risk of poor development across all developmental domains, even after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Furthermore, children of incarcerated parents had higher odds of developmental vulnerability on multiple domains compared to children of parents who had served community orders only. The results suggest that, although children of convicted parents experience a higher incidence of sociodemographic risk, their parents' criminal activity constitutes an independent risk factor for their development. Intervention to support the early development of children of convicted parents is therefore essential, and should consider the family context. (PsycINFO Database Record
Investigation of elemental enrichment and ecological risk assessment of surface soils in two industrial port cities, southwest Iran
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2017
Comparing Web-Based Mindfulness With Loving-Kindness and Compassion Training for Promoting Well-Being in Pregnancy: Protocol for a Three-Arm Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 14-10-2020
DOI: 10.2196/19803
Abstract: Promoting psychological well-being and preventing distress among pregnant women is an important public health goal. In addition to adversely impacting the mother’s health and well-being, psychological distress in pregnancy increases the risk of poor pregnancy outcomes, compromises infant socioemotional development and bonding, and heightens maternal and child vulnerability in the postpartum period. Mindfulness and compassion-based interventions show potential for prevention and early intervention for perinatal distress. As there is an established need for accessible, scalable, flexible, and low-cost interventions, there is increased interest in the delivery of these programs on the web. This project aims to pilot a three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) to determine the feasibility of a full-scale RCT comparing 2 web-based interventions (mindfulness vs loving-kindness and compassion) with a web-based active control condition (progressive muscle relaxation). The primary objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of an RCT protocol comparing the 3 conditions delivered on the web as a series of instructional materials and brief daily practices over a course of 8 weeks. The second objective is to explore the experiences of women in the different intervention conditions. The third objective is to estimate SD values for the outcome measures to inform the design of an adequately powered trial to determine the comparative efficacy of the different conditions. Pregnant women (n=75) participating in a longitudinal birth cohort study (the ORIGINS project) will be recruited to this study from 18 weeks of gestational age. We will assess the acceptability and feasibility of recruitment and retention strategies and the participants’ engagement and adherence to the interventions. We will also assess the experiences of women in each of the 3 intervention conditions by measuring weekly changes in their well-being and engagement with the program and by conducting a qualitative analysis of postprogram interviews. This project was funded in September 2019 and received ethics approval on July 8, 2020. Enrollment to the study will commence in September 2020. Feasibility of a full-scale RCT will be assessed using ADePT (a process for decision making after pilot and feasibility trials) criteria. If the study is shown to be feasible, results will be used to inform future full-scale RCTs. Evidence for flexible, scalable, and low-cost interventions could inform population health strategies to promote well-being and reduce psychological distress among pregnant women. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Number 12620000672954p anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12620000672954p.aspx PRR1-10.2196/19803
Lead Mobilization and Speciation in Mining Waste: Experiments and Modeling
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-06-2021
DOI: 10.3390/MIN11060606
Abstract: Mining produces significant amounts of solid mineral waste. Mine waste storage facilities are often challenging to manage and may cause environmental problems. Mining waste is often linked to contaminated mine drainage, including acidic waters with more or less elevated concentrations of trace metals such as lead. This work presents a study on the mobilization of lead from waste from two typical mining sites: Zeida and Mibladen, two now-closed former Pb–Zn mines in the Moulouya region of Morocco. Our research investigates the mobilization potential of Pb from the waste of these mines. The study involved acid–base neutralization capacity tests (ANC–BNC) combined with geochemical modeling. Experimental data allowed for the quantification of the buffering capacity of the s les and the mobilization rates of lead as a function of pH. The geochemical model was fitted to experimental results with thermodynamic considerations. The geochemical model allowed for the identification of the mineral phases involved in providing the buffering capacity of carbonated mining waste (Mibladen) and the meager buffering capacity of the silicate mining waste (Zeida). These cases are representative of contaminated neutral drainage (CND) and acid mine drainage (AMD), respectively. The results highlight the consistency between the ANC–BNC experimental data and the associated modeling in terms of geochemical behavior, validating the approach and identifying the main mechanisms involved. The modeling approach identifies the dissolution of the main solid phases, which impact the pH and the speciation of lead as a function of the pH. This innovative approach, combining ANC–BNC experiments and geochemical modeling, allowed for the accurate identification of mineral phases and surface complexation phenomena, which control the release of lead and its speciation in drainage solutions, as well as within solid phases, as a function of pH.
Group mindful self-compassion training to improve mental health outcomes for LGBTQIA+ young adults: Rationale and protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Mothers’ Decisions to Disclose or Conceal Their Child’s Mental Health Disorder
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 20-03-2017
Abstract: Parents of children with mental health disorders are often faced with the dilemma of disclosing or concealing their child’s disorder. These decisions have important implications for both child and parent. Our aim is to describe mothers’ experiences with the disclosure dilemma specifically, we describe what is disclosed (or concealed), how, and why, as well as the consequences of these decisions. Data from interviews with 11 mothers of children (aged 5–13 years) with mental health disorders, and a participatory action research group (four mothers) were thematically analyzed. Mothers selectively disclosed (and concealed) to protect and advocate for their child. Their decisions were often influenced by, or were a reactance to, others’ opinions, with mothers not only avoiding, but also defending against stigma, and exercising their right to privacy. Despite anticipating negative feedback, mothers more often experienced empathy and support following disclosure. Recommendations are made for developing mothers’ confidence in disclosing.
Is all sparing created equal? Comparing lag-1 sparing and extended sparing in temporal object perception.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1037/A0023508
Abstract: When two targets (T1, T2) are presented amongst a rapid stream of distractors, T2 accuracy is impaired if the targets are separated by at least one distractor (attentional blink). However, this impairment largely disappears if the targets follow one another directly (lag-1 sparing), and, in fact, as many as four or five consecutive targets may be identified quite accurately under these conditions (extended sparing). Although all current models propose a common mechanism for both lag-1 and extended sparing, this hypothesis has yet to be tested. To this end, we examined the effect of various types of attentional switches, known to impact lag-1 sparing, on extended sparing in order to determine whether they would have a similar effect. Results suggested substantial parallels between the two types of sparing. We discuss these results in terms of a unified account of sparing in temporal object perception.
Reducing distress in university students: A randomised control trial of two online interventions
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1111/AP.12375
Controls of Wetting and Drying Cycles on Salt Leaching from Coal Mine Spoils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2021
The impact of parental cancer on preadolescent children (0–11 years) in Western Australia: a longitudinal population study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-09-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-018-4480-Y
Abstract: Australian population data regarding the number and sociodemographic characteristics of children affected by a parent's cancer are not currently available. Moreover, predictions that this population is increasing have not been tested. This study provides data on the number and sociodemographic characteristics of parents with cancer and their young children (aged 0-11 years) in the state of Western Australia, and investigates whether long-term trends in this population have increased over time. Linked administrative data were used to describe parents with malignant cancer and their children aged 0-11 years at the time of diagnosis between 1982 and 2015 in Western Australia. Parents and children were described overall and by year of diagnosis and sociodemographic characteristics. A Poisson regression was used to investigate trends in the number of children affected, accounting for population growth. Incidence counts of parental cancer characteristics were included. Between 1982 and 2015, 15,938 parents were diagnosed with a malignant cancer, affecting 25,901 children. In 2015, 0.28% of children in Western Australia experienced a parent's diagnosis. The number of children affected increased over time however, this was accounted for by population growth. The majority of families lived in regional areas and were of high socioeconomic status. Older children and older parents most frequently experienced parental cancer. Skin and breast cancer were the most common diagnoses. A substantial number of families are affected by parental cancer. Results can guide intervention development and delivery to children of different developmental stages, and inform decisions regarding resource allocation and health service accessibility.
Opportunities for Mineral Carbonation in Australia’s Mining Industry
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-02-2019
DOI: 10.3390/SU11051250
Abstract: Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) via mineral carbonation is an effective method for long-term storage of carbon dioxide and combating climate change. Implemented at a large-scale, it provides a viable solution to harvesting and storing the modern crisis of GHGs emissions. To date, technological and economic barriers have inhibited broad-scale utilisation of mineral carbonation at industrial scales. This paper outlines the mineral carbonation process discusses drivers and barriers of mineral carbonation deployment in Australian mining and, finally, proposes a unique approach to commercially viable CCUS within the Australian mining industry by integrating mine waste management with mine site rehabilitation, and leveraging relationships with local coal-fired power station. This paper discusses using alkaline mine and coal-fired power station waste (fly ash, red mud, and ultramafic mine tailings, i.e., nickel, diamond, PGE (platinum group elements), and legacy asbestos mine tailings) as the feedstock for CCUS to produce environmentally benign materials, which can be used in mine reclamation. Geographical proximity of mining operations, mining waste storage facilities and coal-fired power stations in Australia are identified and possible synergies between them are discussed. This paper demonstrates that large-scale alkaline waste production and mine site reclamation can become integrated to mechanise CCUS. Furthermore, financial liabilities associated with such waste management and site reclamation could overcome many of the current economic setbacks of retrofitting CCUS in the mining industry. An improved approach to commercially viable climate change mitigation strategies available to the mining industry is reviewed in this paper.
Pathways to Self-Stigma in Parents of Children with a Mental Health Disorder
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-09-2019
Supplementary Table 3 from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 26-07-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.23779463.V1
Abstract: Adjusted annual mean costs of privately funded hospitalisations per in idual, by all-cause and cause-specific physical diseases.
Parenting Style, Parental Adjustment, and Co-Parental Conflict: Differential Predictors of Child Psychosocial Adjustment Following Divorce
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1017/BEC.2016.7
Abstract: Parents’ adjustment, co-parenting conflict, and parenting style are often intervention targets for parents following orce. However, little is known about how these three aspects together relate to child outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine how parent adjustment (distress and anger), parenting conflict, and parenting style (laxness and over-reactivity) predict child internalising, externalising, and prosocial behaviours. Participants were a community s le of 109 orced parents with a child aged 4–17 years. Results showed that increased parental distress and co-parent conflict predicted increased child emotional and behavioural problems and increased lax parenting also predicted increased externalising behaviour problems. However, greater prosocial behaviour was predicted only by lower lax parenting. The results highlight the differential impact of parenting factors on child outcomes following orce and have implications for the content and tailoring of interventions for orced parents.
Can positive mindsets be protective against stress and isolation experienced during the covid-19 pandemic? A mixed methods approach to understanding emotional health and wellbeing needs of perinatal women
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-06-2021
Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between emotional health and wellbeing and support needs of perinatal women during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to understand their experiences and need for support. This is a potentially vulnerable group and a critical developmental phase for women and infants. A mixed methods design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data that provided a robust insight into their unique needs. A total of 174 women who were either pregnant or post-birth participated. The main findings demonstrated that women in this cohort experienced varying levels of stress and isolation but also positive experiences. Exploring the relationship between mental health (perceived stress and wellbeing) and resilience (mindfulness and self-compassion) revealed an association between positive mental health and higher levels of mindfulness and self-compassion. Positive mindsets may be protective against psychological distress for the mother and her child, suggesting that meditation-based or similar training might help support expectant and post-birth mothers during times of crisis, such as a pandemic. This information could be used to make recommendations for future planning for practitioners and policymakers in preparing for prospective infection waves, pandemics, or natural disasters, and could be used to develop targeted tools, support, and care.
Heavy metal enrichment and ecological risk assessment of surface sediments in Khorramabad River, West Iran
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-04-2018
Is the aquatic macrophyte Crassula helmsii a genuine copper hyperaccumulator?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-04-2021
School readiness of maltreated children: Associations of timing, type, and chronicity of maltreatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHIABU.2017.12.001
Abstract: Children who have been maltreated during early childhood may experience a difficult transition into fulltime schooling, due to maladaptive development of the skills and abilities that are important for positive school adaptation. An understanding of how different dimensions of maltreatment relate to children's school readiness is important for informing appropriate supports for maltreated children. In this study, the Australian Early Development Census scores of 19,203 children were linked to information on child maltreatment allegations (substantiated and unsubstantiated), including the type of alleged maltreatment, the timing of the allegation (infancy-toddlerhood or preschool), and the total number of allegations (chronicity). Children with a maltreatment allegation had increased odds of poor school readiness in cognitive and non-cognitive domains. Substantiated maltreatment was associated with poor social and emotional development in children, regardless of maltreatment type, timing, or chronicity. For children with unsubstantiated maltreatment allegations, developmental outcomes according to the type of alleged maltreatment were more heterogeneous however, these children were also at risk of poor school readiness irrespective of the timing and/or chronicity of the alleged maltreatment. The findings suggest that all children with maltreatment allegations are at risk for poor school readiness hence, these children may need additional support to increase the chance of a successful school transition. Interventions should commence prior to the start of school to mitigate early developmental difficulties that children with a history of maltreatment allegations may be experiencing, with the aim of reducing the incidence of continuing difficulties in the first year of school and beyond.
Perinatal Women’s Perspectives of, and Engagement in, Digital Emotional Well-Being Training: Mixed Methods Study
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 17-10-2023
DOI: 10.2196/46852
Skill Enactment and Knowledge Acquisition in Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 31-05-2023
DOI: 10.2196/44673
Abstract: Digital cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions can effectively prevent and treat depression and anxiety, but engagement with these programs is often low. Although extensive research has evaluated program use as a proxy for engagement, the extent to which users acquire knowledge and enact skills from these programs has been largely overlooked. This study aimed to investigate how skill enactment and knowledge acquisition have been measured, evaluate postintervention changes in skill enactment and knowledge acquisition, examine whether mental health outcomes are associated with skill enactment or knowledge acquisition, and evaluate predictors of skill enactment and knowledge acquisition. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 2000 and July 2022. We included RCTs comparing digital CBT with any comparison group in adolescents or adults (aged ≥12 years) for anxiety or depression. Eligible studies reported quantitative measures of skill enactment or knowledge acquisition. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for RCTs. Narrative synthesis was used to address the review questions. In total, 43 papers were included, of which 29 (67%) reported a skill enactment measure and 15 (35%) reported a knowledge acquisition measure. Skill enactment was typically operationalized as the frequency of enacting skills using the completion of in-program activities (ie, formal skill enactment 13/29, 45%) and intervention-specific (9/29, 31%) or standardized (8/29, 28%) questionnaires. Knowledge measures included tests of CBT knowledge (6/15, 40%) or mental health literacy (5/15, 33%) and self-report questionnaires (6/15, 40%). In total, 17 studies evaluated postintervention changes in skill enactment or knowledge acquisition, and findings were mostly significant for skill enactment (6/8, 75% of the studies), CBT knowledge (6/6, 100%), and mental health literacy (4/5, 80%). Of the 12 studies that evaluated the association between skill enactment and postintervention mental health outcomes, most reported ≥1 significant positive finding on standardized questionnaires (4/4, 100%), formal skill enactment indicators (5/7, 71%), or intervention-specific questionnaires (1/1, 100%). None of the 4 studies that evaluated the association between knowledge acquisition and primary mental health outcomes reported significant results. A total of 13 studies investigated predictors of skill enactment only type of guidance and improvements in psychological variables were associated with increased skill enactment in ≥2 analyses. Predictors of knowledge acquisition were evaluated in 2 studies. Digital CBT for depression and anxiety can improve skill enactment and knowledge acquisition. However, only skill enactment appears to be associated with mental health outcomes, which may depend on the type of measure examined. Additional research is needed to understand what types and levels of skill enactment and knowledge acquisition are most relevant for outcomes and identify predictors of these constructs. PROSPERO CRD42021275270 www.crd.york.ac.uk rospero/display_record.php?RecordID=275270
Time-out for well-being
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1177/17455057231184507
Abstract: Positive maternal mental health during the perinatal period contributes to general well-being and positive emotional bonds with the child, encouraging an optimal developmental trajectory. Online interventions to enhance maternal well-being and develop coping skills, such as meditation-based interventions, can be a low-cost way to improve mother and child outcomes. However, this depends on end-user engagement. To date, there is limited evidence about women’s willingness to engage and preferences for online programmes. This study explored pregnant women’s attitudes towards and likelihood to undertake minimal online well-being training programmes (mindfulness, self-compassion, or general relaxation), engagement barriers and enablers, and programme structure preferences. A mixed methods triangulation design was undertaken using a validating quantitative model. Quantile regressions were applied to the quantitative data. Content analysis was undertaken for the qualitative data. Consenting pregnant women ( n = 151) were randomized equally to read about three online programme types. Participants were sent an information leaflet, tested by a consumer panel prior to distribution. Participants generally held positive attitudes about all three types of interventions, with no statistically significant differences in preferences between programme types. Participants appreciated the importance of mental health and were receptive to fostering skills to support their emotional well-being and stress management. The most frequent perceived barriers were lack of time, tiredness, and forgetfulness. Programme structure preferences indicated one to two modules per week, less than 15 min in duration, and over 4 weeks. Programme functionality, such as regular reminders and easy accessibility, is important to end users. Our findings reinforce the importance of determining participant preferences in designing and communicating engaging interventions for perinatal women. This research contributes to the understanding of population-based interventions that can be provided as simple, scalable, cost-effective, and home-based activities in pregnancy for the benefit of in iduals, their families, and society more broadly.
Caregiver-mediated interventions to support self-regulation among infants and young children (0-5): A protocol for a realist review
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 14-10-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.12.20211300
Abstract: Self-regulation is a modifiable protective factor for lifespan mental and physical health outcomes. Early caregiver-mediated interventions to promote infant and child regulatory outcomes prevent long-term developmental, emotional, and behavioural difficulties and improve outcomes such as school readiness, educational achievement, and economic success. To harness the population health promise of these programmes, there is a need for more nuanced understanding of the impact of these interventions. The aim of this realist review is to understand how, why, under which circumstances, and for whom, early caregiver-mediated interventions improve infant and child self-regulation. The specific research questions guiding this review were based on consultation with families and community organizations that provide early childhood and family services. Realist reviews take a theory-driven and iterative approach to evidence synthesis, structured around continuous refinement of a programme theory. Programme theories specify context-mechanism-outcome configurations to explain what works, for whom, under which circumstances, and how. Our initial programme theory is based on prior work in this field and will be refined through searching peer-reviewed and grey literature to identify relevant evidence. A working group, comprising service users, community organization representatives, representatives from specific populations, clinicians, and review team members will be formed to guide the evidence synthesis and interpretation, as well as the development and dissemination of recommendations based on the findings of the review. The review will involve searching: (1) electronic databases (e.g. EMBASE, Medline, PsycInfo), (2) connected papers, articles and citations, and (3) grey literature. Decisions to include evidence will be guided by judgements about their contribution to the programme theory and will be made by the research team, with input from the working group as required. Evidence synthesis will be reported using the RAMESES guidelines and disseminated through peer-reviewed publication. The protocol is registered with Open Science Framework osf.io/5ce2z/registrations Uses a realist approach to provide insight into what works, for whom, under which circumstances, and how for caregiver-mediated interventions designed to promote self-regulation outcomes among infants and young children. Research questions were developed in consultation with families and service providers. Decision-making will be transparently documented, and all review materials made available on the Open Science Framework repository. The programme theory will be largely derived from peer-reviewed journal articles, and therefore may be subject to publication bias.
Metal and metalloid accumulation in native plants around a copper mine site: implications for phytostabilization
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-12-2021
DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.2011831
Abstract: Mining activities can result in a pollution legacy of metal and metalloid containing soils and wastes. In this study concentrations of the metals and metalloids Al, As, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn, and the non-metals (P, S) were measured in the shoots of 35 different plant species spontaneously growing at four contaminated sites around the Sungun Copper Mine in East Azerbaijan (Iran) in order to evaluate their potential in phytoremediation of this area. The results show that metal and metalloid accumulation differed between the different species. None of the plant species exceeded the relevant trace element hyperaccumulation thresholds. Plant accumulation of Al was found to be relatively high in
Reported Rates of Adherence to Medication Prescribed for Adolescents’ Symptoms of ADHD
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2000
DOI: 10.1177/1359104500005004011
Abstract: Clinicians frequently describe incomplete adherence to stimulant medication as a limitation to the effectiveness of treating ADHD in adolescents. This study examined reported adherence among 44 adolescents prescribed medication for symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Reports of medication adherence were obtained from adolescents and parents at two time points, approximately two months apart. Parent and adolescent reports indicated reasonable agreement, with parents and adolescents reporting high rates of adherence at both time points (medians ranged from 85 to 89% adherence). A small group of adolescents reported extremely low rates of adherence, but we were not able to distinguish this group from the remainder of the s le based on demographics. It is argued that the s le is generally representative of adolescents who are being prescribed medication for ADHD, and that the high adherence rates are valid. These findings imply that clinicians treating adolescents with ADHD should be cautious in assuming that medication adherence is an inevitable problem in this population.
Identifying the key characteristics of a culturally safe mental health service for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples: A qualitative systematic review protocol
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 12-01-2023
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0280213
Abstract: Mental health inequities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations are well documented. There is growing recognition of the role that culturally safety plays in achieving equitable outcomes. However, a clear understanding of the key characteristics of culturally safe mental health care is currently lacking. This protocol outlines a qualitative systematic review that aims to identify the key characteristics of culturally safe mental health care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, at the in idual, service, and systems level. This knowledge will improve the cultural safety of mental health care provided to Indigenous peoples, with a focus on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia. Through a review of academic, grey, and cultural literature, we will identify the key characteristics of culturally safe mental health care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia. We will consider the characteristics of culturally safe care at the in idual practitioner, service, and systems levels. CRD42021258724 .
Historical socio-environmental assessment of resource development footprints using remote sensing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Vicarious Stigma and Self-Stigma Experienced by Parents of Children with Mental Health and/or Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-01-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S10597-021-00774-0
Abstract: The stigma of young children with mental health and/or neurodevelopmental disorders is experienced by their parents in at least two ways: self-stigma and vicarious stigma. Secrecy may diminish stigma through impression management or strategic disclosure. The present study explores the relationship between vicarious stigma, self-stigma, secrecy coping, depression, and quality of life. Additionally, we examine the structure of a novel measure of vicarious stigma. Fifty parents of children with mental health and/or neurodevelopmental disorders completed measures. Self-stigma and sadness due to vicarious stigma were significantly associated with greater depression and diminished quality of life. Higher secrecy coping was also associated with higher depression and lower quality of life, supporting the benefits of disclosure. This research meaningfully adds to our understanding of stigma in general, and as experienced by parents of children with mental health and/or neurodevelopmental disorders. Implications for ongoing stigma change development and evaluation are discussed.
A review of Australian Government funding of parenting intervention research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Abstract: Parenting is central to children's optimal development and accounts for a substantial proportion of the variance in child outcomes, including up to 40% of child mental health. Parenting is also one of the most modifiable, proximal, and direct factors for preventing and treating a range of children's problems and enhancing wellbeing. To determine the effectiveness of new approaches to parenting intervention, and to evaluate how to optimise reach and uptake, sufficient funding must be allocated for high quality research. We reviewed funding awarded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and Australian Research Council (ARC) for parenting intervention research during 2011-2020. Parenting intervention research received 0.25% of the NHMRC and ARC research budgets. There is a substantial mismatch between the funding of parenting intervention research and the impact of improved parenting on short- and long-term child outcomes. To rectify this, it is critical that Australian Government funding schemes include parenting interventions as priority areas for funding. Changes in allocation of funding to parenting research will support the establishment of evidence for the effective development, implementation and dissemination of parenting interventions to maximise health outcomes for children and their families.
Building environmental sustainability in the mining sector of the Philippines through advanced environmental monitoring, assessment and management programs
Publisher: The University of Queensland
Date: 2015
Effect of surface oxidation on the flotation response of enargite in a complex ore system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Parents’ Barriers to Using School Psychology Services for Their Child’s Mental Health Problems
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-01-2013
A Review of Tungsten Resources and Potential Extraction from Mine Waste
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-06-2021
DOI: 10.3390/MIN11070701
Abstract: Tungsten is recognized as a critical metal due to its unique properties, economic importance, and limited sources of supply. It has wide applications where hardness, high density, high wear, and high-temperature resistance are required, such as in mining, construction, energy generation, electronics, aerospace, and defense sectors. The two primary tungsten minerals, and the only minerals of economic importance, are wolframite and scheelite. Secondary tungsten minerals are rare and generated by hydrothermal or supergene alteration rather than by atmospheric weathering. There are no reported concerns for tungsten toxicity. However, tungsten tailings and other residues may represent severe risks to human health and the environment. Tungsten metal scrap is the only secondary source for this metal but reprocessing of tungsten tailings may also become important in the future. Enhanced gravity separation, wet high-intensity magnetic separation, and flotation have been reported to be successful in reprocessing tungsten tailings, while bioleaching can assist with removing some toxic elements. In 2020, the world’s tungsten mine production was estimated at 84 kt of tungsten (106 kt WO3), with known tungsten reserves of 3400 kt. In addition, old tungsten tailings deposits may have great potential for exploration. The incomplete statistics indicate about 96 kt of tungsten content in those deposits, with an average grade of 0.1% WO3 (versus typical grades of 0.3–1% in primary deposits). This paper aims to provide an overview of tungsten minerals, tungsten primary and secondary resources, and tungsten mine waste, including its environmental risks and potential for reprocessing.
Understanding engagement in digital mental health and wellbeing programs for women in the perinatal period: A Systematic Review without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) (Preprint)
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 20-01-2022
Abstract: regnancy and the postnatal period can be a time of increased psychological distress which can be detrimental to both the mother and the developing child. Digital interventions are cost-effective and accessible tools to support positive mental health for women in the perinatal period. While studies report efficacy, a key concern regarding online interventions is lack of engagement leading to dropout, lack of participation, or reduced potential intervention benefits. he aim of this systematic review was to understand reporting and levels of engagement in studies of digital psychological mental health or wellbeing interventions administered in the perinatal period. Specifically, we aimed to: (1) understand how studies report engagement across the four domains of engagement specified in the CAPE (Connect, Attend, Participate, Enact) model (2) make recommendations on best practice ways to report engagement in Digital Mental Health Interventions (DMHIs) and (3) understand levels of engagement in intervention studies in this area. In order to maximise the utility of this systematic review we intended to develop practical tools for public health use: we aimed to develop a logic model to reference theory of change to evaluate the studies using the CAPE framework and, to develop a guide for future data collection to enable consistent reporting in digital interventions. he methods used in this systematic review combine standard rigorous and transparent review methods using the Cochrane Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) reporting guideline]. We aimed to identify studies reporting digital mental health and wellbeing programs delivered in the perinatal period. earches generated a database of 3,473 potentially eligible studies, with a final selection of 16 studies, grouped by study design. Participant engagement was evaluated using the CAPE framework and we described comparable variables. All studies reported at least one metric of engagement. However, measures used were inconsistent, which may have contributed to the wide-ranging results. There was insufficient reporting for enactment, that is participants’ real-world use of intervention skills, with only six studies clearly recording longer-term practice through post-intervention interviews. Of the total 16 studies, 12 (75%) provided a CONSORT participant flow diagram but the reporting categories and terminology varied. The logic model proposes ways to conceptualise and report engagement details in digital mental health interventions more consistently in future. he perinatal period is an optimal time to intervene with strengths-based digital tools to build positive mental health. Despite the growing number of studies on digital interventions, few robustly explore engagement, and there is limited evidence of long-term skills usage beyond the intervention period. Our results indicate the variability in reporting of both short- and long-term participant engagement behaviours, and we recommend the adoption of standardised reporting metrics in future digital interventions. ROSPERO Registration: CRD42020162283
Parents' stigmatizing attitudes toward psychiatric labels for ADHD and depression
Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Date: 12-2013
DOI: 10.1176/APPI.PS.201200578
Abstract: OBJECTIVE There is concern that diagnostic labels for psychiatric disorders may invoke damaging stigma, especially for children. This study compared parents' stigma toward children with the symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or depression versus the same symptoms plus a psychiatric label. METHODS Parents (N=225) rated their stereotypes, prejudice, and social distance toward vignettes of children with a developmentally typical range of behaviors, symptoms that met DSM-IV-TR criteria for ADHD or depression, and the same symptoms plus a label of ADHD or depression. RESULTS Children described as having symptoms only were more stigmatized than children with typical behaviors (d=.97-2.69). Adding a diagnostic label resulted in significant but small increases in stigma (d=.12-.23). CONCLUSIONS Parents highly stigmatized children with psychiatric problems, but adding a diagnostic label made only a small contribution to worsening the stigma. The benefits of seeking psychiatric services-accessing treatment and providing validation-may outweigh fears of labeling.
Accelerating bioleaching of tungsten mining wastes using indigenous acidophilic bacteria
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Attributions in adolescents medicated for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-1999
DOI: 10.1177/108705479900300104
Abstract: Forty-three adolescents who were being prescribed stimulant medication for symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder were read vignettes that described adolescents being compliant or noncompliant with parental directives. The 43 adolescents imagined themselves engaging in these behaviors when they had either taken or not taken their medication, and made attributions for each behavior on scales of causal locus, control, stability, and the contributions of taking/not taking a stimulant tablet. No significant effects of medication (presence or absence) or the type of behavior (compliant or noncompliant) were found for locus or stability attributions however, there was a tendency for the adolescents to see both compliance and noncompliance with their parents' directives as more controllable when they were taking medication than when not. Also, they attributed their behavior more to taking a stimulant tablet when asked about compliance with parental directives compared to noncompliance, and conversely, attributed their noncompliance with parent directives more to not having taken a stimulant tablet compared to compliance. The adolescents were also asked to rate general belief statements about their medication. In general, they did not see medication as responsible for their good behavior, but rather saw it as helping them gain control over their own behavior. They responded with neither agreement nor disagreement to statements about personality changes on medication. The results suggest that measuring attributions and beliefs about medication using multiple methods is important, as adolescents' attributions given in response to behavior vignettes and their general belief statements were not related.
Removal of dissolved chromium from synthetic mine effluent: A mesocosm experiment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2018.05.102
Abstract: Dispersion of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in streams around nickel laterite mines, which are mostly located in the tropics, may pose serious risks for the environment and human health. In an earlier study, a local natural wetland effectively removed Cr from a nickel mine environment in Indonesia. In order to understand the processes and conditions that would facilitate the establishment of operational constructed wetlands that would remove Cr from mine water discharge, we used two native macrophyte species from the same wetland, Lepironia articulata and Machaerina rubiginosa, in a series of mesocosm experiments to follow the distribution of Cr species in water, substrate and plants. A 1 m
Why Is There a Gender Gap in Children Presenting for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Services?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-08-2009
DOI: 10.1080/15374410903103627
Abstract: This study addressed why girls are less likely to be referred for mental health services for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) than boys. Ninety-six parents of children with elevated ADHD symptoms and 140 elementary school teachers read vignettes about children with ADHD. Half of the participants read vignettes with boys' names, and half read the same vignettes but with girls' names. Participants then rated their likeliness to seek or recommend services for the child in each vignette. Parents and teachers were less likely to seek or recommend services for girls than boys with ADHD, but results did not support the hypothesis that this is because girls are less disruptive than boys. Rather, differences in service seeking were explained by the fact that parents and teachers believed that learning assistance is less effective for girls than boys with ADHD.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 26-07-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.23779475.V1
Abstract: The mean cumulative count of hospitalisations for any physical-health disease by time since index cancer diagnosis, in childhood cancer survivors.
The multi-risk vulnerability of global coal regions in the context of mine closure
Publisher: Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth
Date: 2019
Caregiver-mediated interventions to support self-regulation among infants and young children (0–5 years): a protocol for a realist review
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-046078
Abstract: Self-regulation is a modifiable protective factor for lifespan mental and physical health outcomes. Early caregiver-mediated interventions to promote infant and child regulatory outcomes prevent long-term developmental, emotional and behavioural difficulties and improve outcomes such as school readiness, educational achievement and economic success. To harness the population health promise of these programmes, there is a need for more nuanced understanding of the impact of these interventions. The aim of this realist review is to understand how, why, under which circumstances and for whom, early caregiver-mediated interventions improve infant and child self-regulation. The research questions guiding this review were based on consultation with families and community organisations that provide early childhood and family services. Realist reviews take a theory-driven and iterative approach to evidence synthesis, structured around continuous refinement of a programme theory. Programme theories specify context-mechanism-outcome configurations to explain what works, for whom, under which circumstances and how. Our initial programme theory is based on prior work in this field and will be refined through the review process. A working group, comprising service users, community organisation representatives, representatives from specific populations, clinicians and review team members will guide the evidence synthesis and interpretation, as well as the development and dissemination of recommendations based on the findings of the review. The review will involve searching: (i) electronic databases, (ii) connected papers, articles and citations and (iii) grey literature. Decisions to include evidence will be guided by judgements about their contribution to the programme theory and will be made by the research team, with input from the working group. Evidence synthesis will be reported using the Realist and MEta-narrative Evidence Synthesis: Evolving Standards guidelines. Ethical approval is not required as this is a review. Findings will be disseminated to our working group and through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. The protocol is registered with Open Science Framework osf.io/5ce2z/registrations .
A Cross‐Sectional Test of Sign Creation by Children in the Gesture and Vocal Modalities
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-05-2021
DOI: 10.1111/CDEV.13587
Abstract: Naturalistic studies show that children can create language‐like communication systems in the absence of conventional language. However, experimental evidence is mixed. We address this discrepancy using an experimental paradigm that simulates naturalistic sign creation. Specifically, we tested if a s le of 6‐ to 12‐year‐old children (52 girls and 56 boys drawn from an urban, predominantly white population in Western Australia) can comprehend and create novel gestural and vocal signs. Experiment 1 tested children’s ability to comprehend novel signs. Experiment 2 tested children’s ability to create novel signs. Results show that children can comprehend and create gestural and vocal signs, that communication is more successful in the gesture modality, and that older children outperform younger children.
Refugee children's play: Before and after migration to Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-03-2015
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.12849
Abstract: Play is vital to children's development, health and resilience. Play modulates cognitive, emotional and social well-being. Children constitute approximately half of all humanitarian refugee entrants resettled in Australia. Refugee children are commonly victims and witnesses of war and persecution, living across resource-poor environs during transit. Little is known about the effects of refugee migration on play. This study explores how refugee children engaged in play pre-migration (in their home country) and post-migration (Australia). Refugee children attending the Refugee Health Clinic of a tertiary children's hospital were invited to complete a qualitative descriptive study of play. The children were asked to draw how they played pre- and post-migration. Drawings were analysed for (i) the presence of play (ii) location of play and (iii) drawing detail. Nineteen refugee children were recruited (mean age 8.5 years ± standard deviation 6.4 months). Significantly fewer children drew play pre- versus post-migration (11/19, 58% vs. 18/19, 95% P < 0.03). Girls had greater comparative changes in play with migration (pre: 2/8, 25% vs. post: 7/8, 87%, P = 0.06), trending to significance. Of those children who drew play, almost all drew playing outside (pre-migration: 10/11, 90.9% post-migration: 17/18, 94.4%). Drawings showed equivalent detail pre- and post-migration. Resettled refugee children, especially girls, demonstrated limited play pre-migration, with higher levels of engagement post-resettlement. Facilitating opportunities for variety of play may strengthen positive resettlement outcomes for children and parents. Larger longitudinal studies examining play in refugee children and associations with physical, development and psychological well-being are warranted.
Sex differences in structural brain asymmetry predict overt aggression in early adolescents
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-03-2014
DOI: 10.1093/SCAN/NST013
Supplementary Table 1 from Hospitalizations and Cost of Inpatient Care for Physical Diseases in Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Western Australia: A Longitudinal Matched Cohort Study
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 26-07-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.23779469.V1
Abstract: Major diagnostic groups of physical-health diseases based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 9th (Clinical modification) and 10th (Australian Modification) revisions.
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