ARDC Research Link Australia

Publication

Characterizing Spatiotemporal Patterns of Mangrove Forests in Can Gio Biosphere Reserve Using Sentinel-2 Imagery

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 12-06-2020

Abstract: This study aimed at evaluating the spatiotemporal patterns of mangrove forest variations for three ecological zones of the Can Gio biosphere reserve (i.e., core, buffer, and transition zones) and its relation to land use/land cover changes. Time series Sentinel-2 Imagery—which presents the Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI), obtained through the Google Earth Engine and Overlap Similarity Algorithm—was used to characterize vegetation cover in the study area. Furthermore, the Cohen’s Kappa agreement was applied to examine the accuracy of mangrove classification, and the Mann–Kendal (MK) significance was used to analyze the spatiotemporal trends of mangrove forests. The results showed that an NDVI value greater than 0.3 recorded the reflected signal of mangrove population in the study area with an O-index greater than 0.85. A Cohen’s Kappa statistic of agreement of 0.7 and an overall classification accuracy of 83% was obtained. Regarding the trend in mangrove forest patterns, an increase in area of 669 ha and 579 ha explored at the buffer and core zones, respectively, while the largest declined mangrove area of 350 ha was investigated at the buffer zone, followed by a transition at 314 ha during the study period due to the interconversion of shrimp farming and the expansion of built-up areas. Moreover, the study also described the negative impacts of the sea-encroached urban-tourism zone on mangrove patterns in the foreseeable future. The results from this study will act as a basic fundamental authentic report for local governments in proposing strategies for the shielding of mangrove forests and economic development from negative consequences in foreseeable future.

Publication

The policies and practices of sports governing bodies in relation to assessing the safety of sports grounds

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2009

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2007.12.004

Abstract: Sport is an important context for physical activity and it is critical that safe environments are provided for such activity. Sports safety is influenced by the presence of sports ground environmental hazards such as ground hardness, poorly maintained playing fields, surface irregularities and the presence of debris/rubbish. To reduce injury risk, sports governing bodies need to ensure regular assessment of grounds safety and the removal of identified hazards. This study describes sports ground safety guidelines and recommendations of a s le of sports governing bodies and provides recommendations for how they could be improved. Semi-structured key informant interviews were conducted with nominees of state governing bodies for Australian football, cricket, soccer and hockey. The use of matchday checklists to identify ground hazards, as mandated by insurance companies was widely promoted across all levels of play. Sports governing bodies had more direct involvement in assessing grounds used for higher level of play, than grounds used for community or junior sport. There was a general presumption that identified hazards on community grounds would be corrected by local councils or clubs before anyone played on them, but this was rarely monitored. Sports governing bodies run the risk of being negligent in their duty of care to sports participants if they do not formally monitor the implementation of their ground safety polices and guidelines. There is also further scope for sports bodies to work closely with insurers to develop ground safety assessment guidelines specific to their sport.

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 23-08-2014

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2012-091219

Publication

Counting organised sport injury cases: Evidence of incomplete capture from routine hospital collections

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2010

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2009.04.003

Abstract: Organised sports are a popular form of physical activity, but unfortunately, participation can result in injury. Despite this, there have been surprisingly few studies that have reported the population rate of sports injury. Data from the 2005 New South Wales (NSW, Australia) Population Health Survey were analysed to describe self-reported injury experiences during participation in organised sports activities and the source of treatment for such injuries during a 12-month period in a population representative s le of adults aged 16+ years. At interview, 2414 respondents stated that they had participated in organised sport in the previous 12 months and just under one-third (30.9%) reported that they had been injured during this participation. Half of all injuries required formal treatment from a health or medical practitioner. Physiotherapists most commonly provided treatment for sports injury (26.6% of cases) followed by general practitioners (15.6%). Only 2.8% of all injured sports participants were admitted to hospital for their injury and a further 6.1% received treatment in an emergency department. This corresponds to at most only 8.9% of all treated sports injuries receiving treatment in a hospital setting. Population-based estimates of the rate and burden of sports injuries that rely solely on routine hospital data collections are likely to grossly underestimate the size of the problem, as very few cases are treated in a hospital setting.

Publication

Document analysis of exertional heat illness policies and guidelines published by sports organisations in Victoria, Australia

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 04-2020

DOI: 10.1136/BMJSEM-2019-000591

Abstract: To conduct a document and content analysis of exertional heat illness (EHI)-related documents published by sports organisations in Victoria, Australia, in order to determine their scope and evidence base against current international best practice recommendations. A qualitative document and content analysis. Official documents relating to EHI were identified through a search of 22 Victorian sport organisation websites, supplemented by a general internet search. The content of these documents was evaluated against recommendations presented in three current international position statements on prevention and management of EHI. A range of document types addressing EHI were identified (n=25), including specific heat policies, match day guides, rules and regulations. Recommendations about prevention measures were the most common information presented, but these were largely focused on event modification/cancellation guidelines only (n=22 88%). Most documents provided information on hydration as a preventive measure (n=20 80%), but the emphasis on the importance of cooling strategies (n=7 28%) and heat acclimatisation (n=5 20%) was inadequate. Details on EHI, including its definition, symptoms/signs to look out for, and common risk factors (beyond humidity/high temperatures) were lacking in most documents. There is considerable variation in formal documents with regard to their content and quality of information. Continued efforts to bridge the evidence to practice gap in sports safety are therefore important. This study highlights the challenge for community sport, which relies on high-level policy and governance, across settings and populations that can differ substantially in their needs.

Publication

Sports Biostatistician: a critical member of all sports science and medicine teams for injury prevention

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 11-2018

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2016-042211REP

Abstract: Sports science and medicine need specialists to solve the challenges that arise with injury data. In the sports injury field, it is important to be able to optimise injury data to quantify injury occurrences, understand their aetiology and most importantly, prevent them. One of these specialty professions is that of Sports Biostatistician. The aim of this paper is to describe the emergent field of Sports Biostatistics and its relevance to injury prevention. A number of important issues regarding this profession and the science of sports injury prevention are highlighted. There is a clear need for more multidisciplinary teams that incorporate biostatistics, epidemiology and public health in the sports injury area.

Publication

Taking the JSMS to 2005 and beyond - Our performance and some key changes to the editorial processes

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2005

DOI: 10.1016/S1440-2440(05)80018-0

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.ARCHGER.2014.03.003

Abstract: Falls are a common occurrence amongst older adults yet participation in prevention strategies is often poor. Although older adults may perceive a strategy works in general, they may not participate because they feel it will not benefit them personally. We aimed to describe how frequently and why older adults identify falls prevention strategies as being "better for others than for me". A cross-sectional survey with n=394 community-dwelling older adults in Victoria, Australia was undertaken. Participants were provided with detailed descriptions of four evidence-based falls prevention strategies and for each were asked whether they felt that the strategy would be effective in preventing falls for people like them, and then whether they felt that the strategy would be effective for preventing falls for them personally. Follow-up questions asked why they thought the strategy would be more effective for people like them than for them personally where this was the case. We found the "better for others than for me" perception was present for between 25% and 34% of the strategies investigated. Participants commonly said they felt this way because they did not think they were at risk of falls, and because they were doing other activities they thought would provide equivalent benefit. Strategies to promote participation in evidence-based falls prevention strategies may need to convince older adults that they are at risk of falls and that what activities they are already doing may not provide adequate protection against falls in order to have greater effect.

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 04-05-2012

DOI: 10.1136/INJURYPREV-2012-040416

Publication

IS THE REVISED TRAUMA SCORE STILL USEFUL?

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 29-10-2003

DOI: 10.1046/J.1445-1433.2003.02833.X

Abstract: The revised trauma score (RTS) has been embraced by the trauma community worldwide. Although originally developed as a triage tool, the use of the RTS has since been expanded to include the prediction of outcome following traumatic injury. Through a critical review of the literature, evidence for use of the RTS is discussed along with the limitations of this commonly used tool. In summary, the RTS is a well-established predictor of mortality in trauma populations, but there is a lack of definitive evidence supporting its use as a primary triage tool and as a predictor of outcomes other than mortality. Difficulty in collecting the components of the RTS creates issues for data validity and the use of the RTS as a research tool. Although the weighted RTS has been developed to improve the prediction capacity of the RTS, studies reporting its use are few and there is debate regarding the applicability of the published coefficients for broad use. Overall, further studies are warranted to clearly establish the usefulness of the RTS as a triage tool in the field, to further evaluate the weighted version of the RTS, and to determine the ability of the RTS to predict functional outcome and quality of life. In particular, future research is needed to address these issues in Australian trauma populations.

Publication

Drunk, drowsy, doped: skiers' and snowboarders' injury risk perceptions regarding alcohol, fatigue and recreational drug use.

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 09-2006

DOI: 10.1080/17457300500480955

Abstract: The objective was to investigate perceptions of snowfield resort visitors about injury risk regarding alcohol, fatigue and recreational drug use. Visitors to a resort village in a large Australian snowfield region completed a brief survey about fatigue, alcohol and recreational drug use and injury risk perception. Participants stated their ability to ski or snowboard and drive safely following a lack of sleep, alcohol and recreational drug use. Intoxicated snowfield resort visitors were compared with non-intoxicated visitors. Safety beliefs across snow sport and transport were compared. Participants reported that they generally slept less than usual and 30% reported both drinking alcohol and using drugs more than usual while visiting the snowfields. Participants perceived driving as a greater injury risk than skiing/snowboarding (p < 0.001). Fatigue was perceived as a relatively weak injury risk factor, particularly whilst skiing and snowboarding. Awareness needs to be raised among snowfield resort visitors about the contribution of alcohol, fatigue and recreational drug use to snow sport and transport-related injury risk.

Publication

Activity and place – Is it necessary both to identify sports and leisure injury cases in ICD-coded data?

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 06-2008

DOI: 10.1080/17457300801994936

Publication

From control to causation: Validating a ‘complex systems model’ of running-related injury development and prevention

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-2004

DOI: 10.1111/J.1445-1433.2004.03029.X

Publication

Population-level estimates of child restraint practices among children aged 0-12 years in NSW, Australia

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2010

DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2010.07.006

Abstract: This cross-sectional study provides population-referenced data on the restraints used and the extent of incorrect restraint use, among child vehicle passengers aged 0-12 years in NSW, Australia. A multistage stratified cluster s ling plan was used to randomly select vehicles from baby/child health clinics, pre-schools/day care centres, and primary schools across NSW to undergo detailed inspection of restraints used by child occupants within those vehicles. Overall, there were very high restraint usage rates (>99% of s led children) but fewer than one quarter of children were using the correct size-appropriate restraints. Incorrect use (51.4%) was as common as inappropriate use (51.2%). Incorrect use was highest among users of dedicated child restraint systems (OR 16.0, 95% CI 6.9-36.0), and was more likely among those using size-appropriate restraints than those using inappropriate restraints (OR 1.8 95% CI 1.1-3.2) and among convertible restraints than those designed for a single mode of use (OR 1.5 95% CI 1.2-1.7). As incorrect use substantially reduces the protection from injury that is offered by child restraints, it is important that future strategies to reduce casualties among child occupants target both inappropriate and incorrect use.

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 24-06-2011

DOI: 10.1136/INJURYPREV-2011-040103

Publication

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 28-03-2017

DOI: 10.1186/S12961-017-0189-5

Publication

Epidemiology of exertional heat illnesses in organised sports: A systematic review

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2020.02.008

Publication

Australian Football League concussion guidelines: what do community players think?

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 11-2016

DOI: 10.1136/BMJSEM-2016-000169

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2004

DOI: 10.1016/S1440-2440(04)80037-9

Publication

A new framework for research leading to sports injury prevention

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2006

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2006.02.009

Abstract: This paper proposes a new sports injury research framework, the Translating Research into Injury Prevention Practice framework, or TRIPP. This model builds on the fact that only research that can, and will, be adopted by sports participants, their coaches and sporting bodies will prevent injuries. Future advances in sports injury prevention will only be achieved if research efforts are directed towards understanding the implementation context for injury prevention, as well as continuing to build the evidence base for their efficacy and effectiveness of interventions. There is no doubt that intervention research in the sporting field can be difficult and many challenges need to be overcome however, that should not be put up as a barrier towards undertaking it. Over the next few years, sports injury researchers will need to think carefully about the "best" study designs and analysis tools to achieve this. All reported sports injury studies, of whatever design, should include information on key implementation factors such as player/club recruitment rates and other biases as well as the rate of uptake of the interventions being tested, including reasons for use/non-use. However, it will only be broad research endeavours that adopt the TRIPP six-staged approach that will lead to real-world injury prevention gains.

Publication

Priorities for Investment in Injury Prevention in Community Australian Football

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 11-2013

DOI: 10.1097/JSM.0B013E31829AA3E8

Publication

Caution this drug may cause serious harm! Why we must report adverse effects of physical activity promotion

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 31-07-2014

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2014-093604

Publication

Identifying context-specifi c competencies required by community Australian Football sports trainers

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 06-10-2012

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2011-090073

Abstract: First-aid is a recommended injury prevention and risk management strategy in community sport however, little is known about the sport-specific competencies required by first-aid providers. To achieve expert consensus on the competencies required by community Australian Football (community-AF) sports trainers. A three-round online Delphi process. Community-AF. 16 Australian sports first-aid and community-AF experts. Rating of competencies as either 'essential', 'expected', 'ideal' or 'not required'. Results After Round 3, 47 of the 77 (61%) competencies were endorsed as 'essential' or 'expected' for a sports trainer to effectively perform the activities required to the standards expected at a community-AF club by ≥75% of experts. These competencies covered: the role of the sports trainer the responsibilities of the sports trainer emergency management injury and illness assessment and immediate management taping and injury prevention and risk management. Four competencies (5%) were endorsed as 'ideal' or 'not required' by ≥85% of experts and were excluded from further consideration. The 26 competencies where consensus was not reached were retained as second-tier, optional competencies. Sports trainers are important members of on-field first-aid teams, providing support to both injured players and other sports medicine professionals. The competencies identified in this study provide the basis of a proposed two-tiered community-AF-specific sports trainer education structure that can be implemented by the peak sports body. This includes six mandatory modules, relating to the 'required' competencies, and a further six optional modules covering competencies on which consensus was not reached.

Publication

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2004

DOI: 10.1016/S1440-2440(04)80021-5

Publication

Functional data modelling approach for analysing and predicting trends in incidence rates-an application to falls injury

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-03-2010

DOI: 10.1007/S00198-010-1189-2

Abstract: Policy decisions about the allocation of current and future resources should be based on the most accurate predictions possible. A functional data analysis (FDA) approach improves the understanding of current trends and future incidence of injuries. FDA provides more valid and reliable long-term predictions than commonly used methods. Accurate information about predicted future injury rates is needed to inform public health investment decisions. It is critical that such predictions derived from the best available statistical models to minimise possible error in future injury incidence rates. FDA approach was developed to improve long-term predictions but is yet to be widely applied to injury epidemiology or other epidemiological research. Using the specific ex le of modelling age-specific annual incidence of fall-related severe head injuries of older people during 1970-2004 and predicting rates up to 2024 in Finland, this paper explains the principles behind FDA and demonstrates their superiority in terms of prediction accuracy over the more commonly reported ordinary least squares (OLS) approach. Application of the FDA approach shows that the incidence of fall-related severe head injuries would increase by 2.3-2.6-fold by 2024 compared to 2004. The FDA predictions had 55% less prediction error than traditional OLS predictions when compared to actual data. In summary, FDA provides more accurate predictions of long-term incidence trends than commonly used methods. The production of FDA prediction intervals for future injury incidence rates gives likely guidance as to the likely accuracy of these predictions.

Publication

Are squash players protecting their eyes?

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 09-2002

DOI: 10.1136/IP.8.3.239

Abstract: To determine factors associated with adult squash players' protective eyewear behaviours. A survey of 303 players (aged >or =18 years) was conducted at three squash venues in Melbourne, Australia over a three week period in June 2000 to obtain information about protective eyewear use. Of 303 participants the response rate was 98.1% 66.1% were males, with a mean age of 40.5 years. The majority (68.4%) had played squash for 10 years or more. Although 18.8% of players reported using protective eyewear, only 8.9% reported wearing approved eyewear. Both age group (p<0.05) and years of squash experience (p<0.01) were significantly associated with any eyewear use. The two main influences were personal experience of eye injuries (50.0%) and knowledge of eye injury risk (33.9%). A commonly reported barrier was restriction of vision (34.2%). These findings demonstrate a low prevalence of voluntary use of appropriate protective eyewear. Future prevention strategies incorporating education c aigns should focus on increasing players' knowledge of risks. The barriers to use and misconceptions about which types of eyewear is most protective need to be addressed as a priority.

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 02-07-2014

DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2014-005043

Publication

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 03-01-2023

DOI: 10.1080/15481603.2022.2163070

Publication

International Olympic Committee consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020 (including STROBE Extension for Sport Injury and Il

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 18-02-2020

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2019-101969

Abstract: Injury and illness surveillance, and epidemiological studies, are fundamental elements of concerted efforts to protect the health of the athlete. To encourage consistency in the definitions and methodology used, and to enable data across studies to be compared, research groups have published 11 sport-specific or setting-specific consensus statements on sports injury (and, eventually, illness) epidemiology to date. Our objective was to further strengthen consistency in data collection, injury definitions and research reporting through an updated set of recommendations for sports injury and illness studies, including a new Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist extension. The IOC invited a working group of international experts to review relevant literature and provide recommendations. The procedure included an open online survey, several stages of text drafting and consultation by working groups and a 3-day consensus meeting in October 2019. This statement includes recommendations for data collection and research reporting covering key components: defining and classifying health problems severity of health problems capturing and reporting athlete exposure expressing risk burden of health problems study population characteristics and data collection methods. Based on these, we also developed a new reporting guideline as a STROBE Extension—the STROBE Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS). The IOC encourages ongoing in- and out-of-competition surveillance programmes and studies to describe injury and illness trends and patterns, understand their causes and develop measures to protect the health of the athlete. Implementation of the methods outlined in this statement will advance consistency in data collection and research reporting.

Publication

Estimating Soil Water Susceptibility to Salinization in the Mekong River Delta Using a Modified DRASTIC Model

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 10-06-2021

DOI: 10.3390/W13121636

Abstract: Saltwater intrusion risk assessment is a foundational step for preventing and controlling salinization in coastal regions. The Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) is highly affected by drought and salinization threats, especially severe under the impacts of global climate change and the rapid development of an upstream hydropower dam system. This study aimed to apply a modified DRASTIC model, which combines the generic DRASTIC model with hydrological and anthropogenic factors (i.e., river catchment and land use), to examine seawater intrusion vulnerability in the soil-water-bearing layer in the Ben Tre province, located in the VMD. One hundred and fifty hand-auger s les for total dissolved solids (TDS) measurements, one of the reflected salinity parameters, were used to validate the results obtained with both the DRASTIC and modified DRASTIC models. The spatial analysis tools in the ArcGIS software (i.e., Kriging and data classification tools) were used to interpolate, classify, and map the input factors and salinization susceptibility in the study area. The results show that the vulnerability index values obtained from the DRASTIC and modified DRASTIC models were 36–128 and 55–163, respectively. The vulnerable indices increased from inland districts to coastal areas. The Ba Tri and Binh Dai districts were recorded as having very high vulnerability to salinization, while the Chau Thanh and Cho Lach districts were at a low vulnerability level. From the comparative analysis of the two models, it is obvious that the modified DRASTIC model with the inclusion of a river or canal network and agricultural practices factors enables better performance than the generic DRASTIC model. This enhancement is explained by the significant impact of anthropogenic activities on the salinization of soil water content. This study’s results can be used as scientific implications for planners and decision-makers in river catchment and land-use management practices.

Publication

Editorial Board changes

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2004

DOI: 10.1016/S1440-2440(04)80020-3

Publication

Understanding safety management system applicability in community sport

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.SSCI.2013.06.007

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 30-11-2018

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2017-098225

Publication

How comparable are road traffic crash cases in hospital admissions data and police records? An examination of data linkage rates

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2008

DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.2008.00162.X

Abstract: An assessment of linked data was used to investigate the scope and the extent to which hospitalisations data and police crash records represent road crashes in New South Wales (NSW). Hospital separation records for the period 1 July 2000 to 30 June 2001, inclusive, were linked to police crash casualty records for the same period using probabilistic record linkage techniques. Multivariable logistic regression techniques were used to identify factors independently associated with the probability of record linkage. Of 17,552 road transport-related hospital records, 45.1% matched to police crash casualty records. When the analysis was restricted to road traffic crashes, 69.2% of the 9,178 records had a matching police crash casualty record. Multivariable analysis found the most significant factors contributing to the likelihood of linkage to be road user type, payment status and principal diagnosis of injury variables. Motor vehicle controllers, cases entitled to financial compensation and cases with a principal diagnosis of injury were significantly more likely to be linked than all other cases. The findings indicate that researchers and policy makers should be cautious when examining traffic crashes based on a separate analysis of the hospitalisations data and police crash records. This is particularly true for crashes involving pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists, and those resulting in less severe injuries. The findings have implications for use of both police crash records and hospital records in informing the development of strategies designed to prevent road trauma in the community.

Publication

Relative benefits of population-level interventions targeting restraint-use in child car passengers

Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)

Date: 02-2010

DOI: 10.1542/PEDS.2009-1171

Abstract: Because public health resources for injury prevention are limited, methods for comparing competing strategies are needed. We aimed to estimate potential injury reductions for 4 population-level interventions that target restraint practices for child car passengers aged 0 to 12 years. Population-attributable risk fraction (PARF) is a population-level estimate of excess risk from exposure to a risk factor. PARFs were calculated for each intervention scenario by using published age-specific mortality/injury relative-risk estimates restraint practices among injured child car passengers from police-collected data and observational data for correctness of restraint use in New South Wales, Australia. PARF reductions were estimated for population uptakes of 25%, 50%, and 75%. Assuming a 50% population uptake, (1) promoting age-appropriate restraint use could prevent additional fatalities (5.1%, infants 3.4%, 1- to 6-year-olds) and nonfatal injuries (3.2%, infants 16.2%, 1- to 6-year-olds) compared with promoting any restraint use (2) further encouraging correct age-appropriate restraint use could also prevent additional fatalities (9.1%, infants 14.3%, 1- to 6-year-olds) and nonfatal injuries (9.2%, infants 10.7%, 1- to 6-year-olds) and (3) for children aged 7 to 12 years, promoting correct use of restraints could prevent an additional 3.4% fatalities and 3.1% nonfatal injuries compared with promoting any restraint use. Interventions that target child passenger-restraint practices offer population-level benefits in terms of reduction in fatalities and injuries. These tangible benefits call for action internationally, not only to promote restraint use but correct age-appropriate restraint use for child car passengers.

Publication

Injury causation in the great outdoors: A systems analysis of led outdoor activity injury incidents

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2013.10.019

Abstract: Despite calls for a systems approach to assessing and preventing injurious incidents within the led outdoor activity domain, applications of systems analysis frameworks to the analysis of incident data have been sparse. This article presents an analysis of 1014 led outdoor activity injury and near miss incidents whereby a systems-based risk management framework was used to classify the contributing factors involved across six levels of the led outdoor activity 'system'. The analysis identified causal factors across all levels of the led outdoor activity system, demonstrating the framework's utility for accident analysis efforts in the led outdoor activity injury domain. In addition, issues associated with the current data collection framework that potentially limited the identification of contributing factors outside of the in iduals, equipment, and environment involved were identified. In closing, the requirement for new and improved data systems to be underpinned by the systems philosophy and new models of led outdoor activity accident causation is discussed.

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 06-2009

DOI: 10.1136/IP.2008.021279

Publication

Too hot to trot? exploring potential links between climate change, physical activity and health

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2003

DOI: 10.1016/S1440-2440(03)80019-1

Abstract: Based on an analysis of existing literature, this paper explores the links between climate change, physical activity and health. It highlights the importance of physical activity for health, explores current understandings of factors influencing participation in sport and physical activity, and develops some hypotheses about the ways in which climate change may impact on the factors influencing physical activity and thereby on the level of participation in physical activity. The paper argues that climate change has the potential to be a barrier to participation in physical activity, particularly in areas where temperatures are already relatively high, and that a reduction in physical activity across the population is likely to have detrimental health impacts. The need for research to clarify the nature and extent of the threat posed to physical activity participation is highlighted, as is the need to take into account the direct and indirect costs of any changes or reductions in physical activity in any assessment of the costs of climate change and/or its mitigation.

Publication

Global carbon budget 2013

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Date: 17-06-2014

DOI: 10.5194/ESSD-6-235-2014

Abstract: Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and a methodology to quantify all major components of the global carbon budget, including their uncertainties, based on the combination of a range of data, algorithms, statistics and model estimates and their interpretation by a broad scientific community. We discuss changes compared to previous estimates, consistency within and among components, alongside methodology and data limitations. CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel combustion and cement production (EFF) are based on energy statistics, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on combined evidence from land-cover change data, fire activity associated with deforestation, and models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The mean ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) is based on observations from the 1990s, while the annual anomalies and trends are estimated with ocean models. The variability in SOCEAN is evaluated for the first time in this budget with data products based on surveys of ocean CO2 measurements. The global residual terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) is estimated by the difference of the other terms of the global carbon budget and compared to results of independent dynamic global vegetation models forced by observed climate, CO2 and land cover change (some including nitrogen–carbon interactions). All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ, reflecting the current capacity to characterise the annual estimates of each component of the global carbon budget. For the last decade available (2003–2012), EFF was 8.6 ± 0.4 GtC yr−1, ELUC 0.9 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1, GATM 4.3 ± 0.1 GtC yr−1, SOCEAN 2.5 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1, and SLAND 2.8 ± 0.8 GtC yr−1. For year 2012 alone, EFF grew to 9.7 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1, 2.2% above 2011, reflecting a continued growing trend in these emissions, GATM was 5.1 ± 0.2 GtC yr−1, SOCEAN was 2.9 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1, and assuming an ELUC of 1.0 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1 (based on the 2001–2010 average), SLAND was 2.7 ± 0.9 GtC yr−1. GATM was high in 2012 compared to the 2003–2012 average, almost entirely reflecting the high EFF. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 392.52 ± 0.10 ppm averaged over 2012. We estimate that EFF will increase by 2.1% (1.1–3.1%) to 9.9 ± 0.5 GtC in 2013, 61% above emissions in 1990, based on projections of world gross domestic product and recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy. With this projection, cumulative emissions of CO2 will reach about 535 ± 55 GtC for 1870–2013, about 70% from EFF (390 ± 20 GtC) and 30% from ELUC (145 ± 50 GtC). This paper also documents any changes in the methods and data sets used in this new carbon budget from previous budgets (Le Quéré et al., 2013). All observations presented here can be downloaded from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (doi:10.3334/CDIAC/GCP_2013_V2.3).

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 19-01-2016

DOI: 10.1136/INJURYPREV-2015-041737

Publication

End-user experiences with two incident and injury reporting systems designed for led outdoor activities - Challenges for implementation of future data systems

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-09-2019

DOI: 10.1186/S40621-019-0214-Y

Abstract: Injury and incident (near miss) prevention is heavily dependent upon robust and high-quality data systems. Evaluations of surveillance systems designed to report factors associated with incidents and injuries are essential to understand their value, as well as to improve their performance and efficiency. Despite, this there have been few such evaluations published in the peer-review literature. The attitudes and experiences of industry representatives who used one of two variants of an incident and injury surveillance system to collect injury and incident data for the led outdoor activity setting were obtained through an online self-report survey following a 12-month trial. Survey respondents were 18 representatives of 33 organisations who were users of a comprehensive incident reporting and surveillance system – the Understanding and Preventing Led Outdoor Accidents Data System Software Tool (UPLOADS-ST) - and six out of 11 users of a modified system (UPLOADS-Lite). The survey collected information on user experiences in relation to system training, accessibility, ease of use, security, feedback and perceived value to the sector of collating and reporting data across organisations. Only four UPLOADS-ST responding users found the system easy to use and just three considered entering incident reports to be easy. However, many considered the training on reporting incidents to be sufficient and that the incident reports contained relevant details. Fewer than half of respondents (seven for UPLOADS-ST, three for UPLOADS-Lite) believed entering data was a good use of staff time and resources. Nonetheless, a majority of respondents (seven for UPLOADS-ST, five for UPLOADS-Lite) found the reporting format easy to read and felt the information provided was useful for their organisation. Usability barriers to incident reporting were identified, particularly for UPLOADS-ST, including time constraints and user friendliness. The majority of users believed aggregating and reporting incident and injury data across organisations would be of value in making the led outdoor activity sector safer. Improving the utility of the surveillance systems will assist in ensuring their sustainability in the led outdoor activity sector.

Publication

Evaluation of a systems ergonomics-based incident reporting system

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2022

DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2021.103651

Abstract: Incident reporting and learning systems are a fundamental component of safety management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel incident reporting system specific to the Australian Led Outdoor Activity (LOA) sector. The Understanding and Preventing Led Outdoor Accidents Data System (UPLOADS), is a recently introduced systems thinking-based incident reporting and learning system that utilises contemporary safety theory and methods. The implementation of UPLOADS was evaluated using the RE-AIM framework based on the following dimensions: Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance. A pragmatic evaluation approach was used in which evaluation data were collected through the triangulation of multiple sources including different LOA stakeholders from both the in idual organisational level (LOA providers) and LOA sector governance level (LOA industry representatives), incident data collected through the UPLOADS National Incident Dataset, and the online and physical presence of UPLOADS. The findings show that a key strength of UPLOADS is its effectiveness as incident reporting tool for improving safety in the LOA sector. However, a weakness of UPLOADS is that it is not being implemented appropriately by the LOA providers. Overall, the current findings suggest that UPLOADS incident reporting tool is perceived by SMEs as an effective tool for improving safety in LOA. However, further work is required for UPLOADS to have a greater impact on the LOA sector. Specifically, Implementation of the UPLOADS system requires improvement, as well as additional training and education may be required to upskill and empower LOA providers to improve reporting and enhance the value placed on safety by LOA stakeholders. The RE-AIM framework was an appropriate evaluation framework for understanding the effectiveness of UPLOADS as a LOA sector specific incident reporting and learning system. The current findings have practical implications for ergonomics researchers applying evaluation frameworks in the real world, and LOA providers for implementing safety interventions. Lastly, contemporary systems-based incident reporting and learning systems have the capability to enhance the safety practices of the LOA sector.

Publication

Rural sports and recreational injuries in Australia: What do we know?

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-2003

DOI: 10.1046/J.1440-1584.2003.00500.X

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 25-11-2016

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2016-097043

Publication

Level of agreement between field-based data collectors in a large scale injury prevention randomised controlled trial

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2011

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2010.09.003

Abstract: In sports injury prevention field trials, data collectors are often club volunteers with considerable knowledge of the game but with limited detailed medical backgrounds or knowledge of formal scientific processes. The aim of this paper is to determine the agreement among trained primary data collectors (PDCs) with a sport science background and no prior involvement in data collection in a large randomised controlled trial. During the 'Preventing Australian Football Injury through eXercise' (PAFIX) project, player participation and injury data were collected by trained PDCs at training and games over the 2007 and 2008 playing seasons in 40 community level Australian football teams. PDC-collected data relating to player exposure and whether or not a player sustained an injury and subsequently left the field of play was compared to the same information from independent observers (IOs) who attended one randomly selected game for each of the 40 teams. There was 98% agreement between the PDC and the IO on game details (i.e., date, time, grade and score), 79% (ICC 0.9, 95% CI 0.85-0.95) agreement on the number of players per game and 76% (ICC 0.8, 95% CI 0.69-0.91) agreement on the number of injuries sustained in the games. There was 100% agreement on whether the player left the field for all injuries. This study found that exercise and sport science students are reliable data collectors in sports injury fieldwork studies.

Publication

Protective Eyewear Promotion

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2004

DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200434100-00001

Abstract: Eye injuries in squash have the potential to be severe. Although these injuries can be prevented through the use of protective eyewear, few players wear such eyewear. The aim of this paper is to outline the behavioural principles guiding the design of a squash eyewear promotion initiative, the Protective Eyewear Promotion (PEP). Ecological principles of behaviour change were used to provide a comprehensive perspective on intrapersonal factors, policies and physical environmental influences of protective eyewear use. Results of baseline player surveys and venue manager interviews were used to provide relevant and specific intervention content. At baseline, protective eyewear was not found to be readily available, and players' behaviours, knowledge and attitudes did not favour its use. The main components of PEP involved informing and educating both players and squash venue operators of the risk of eye injury and of appropriate protective eyewear, as well as assisting with the availability of the eyewear and offering incentives for players to use it. A structural strength of PEP was the strong collaborative links with the researchers of different disciplines, the squash governing body, eyewear manufacturers, squash venue personnel, as well as players. Attempts were made within the project structure to make provision for the future dissemination and sustainability of more widespread eye injury prevention measures in the sport of squash.

Publication

Statistical modelling for recurrent events: An application to sports injuries

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 07-08-2014

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2011-090803

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 15-09-2011

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2011-090485

Publication

The Berlin 2016 process: a summary of methodology for the 5th International Consensus Conference on Concussion in Sport

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 26-04-2017

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2017-097569

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to summarise the methodology for the 5th International Consensus Conference on Concussion in Sport. The 18 months of preparation included engagement of a scientific committee, an expert panel of 33 in iduals in the field of concussion and a modified Delphi technique to determine the primary questions to be answered. The methodology also involved the writing of 12 systematic reviews to inform the consensus conference and submission and review of scientific abstracts. The meeting itself followed a 2-day open format, a 1-day closed expert panel meeting and two additional half day meetings to develop the Concussion Recognition Tool 5 (Pocket CRT5), Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT5) and Child SCAT5.

Publication

Bridging the research-practice gap: Validity of a software tool designed to support systemic accident analysis by risk managers

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Date: 2015

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20373-7_20

Publication

Estimating the incidence of hospitalized injurious falls: impact of varying case definitions

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 12-2005

DOI: 10.1136/IP.2005.009837

Publication

Preventing lower limb injuries: Is the latest evidence being translated into the football field?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2009

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2008.04.002

Abstract: There is accumulating international evidence that lower limb injuries in sport can be prevented through targeted training but the extent to which this knowledge has been translated to real-world sporting practice is not known. A semi-structured questionnaire of all coaches from the nine Sydney Australian Football League Premier Division teams was conducted. Information was sought about their knowledge and behaviours in relation to delivering training programs, including their uptake of the latest scientific evidence for injury prevention. Direct observation of a s le of the coach-delivered training sessions was also undertaken to validate the questionnaire. Coaches ranked training session elements directly related to the game as being of most importance. They strongly favoured warming-up and cooling-down as injury prevention measures but changing direction and side-stepping training was considered to be of little/no importance for safety. Only one-third believed that balance training had some importance for injury prevention, despite accumulating scientific evidence to the contrary. Drills, set play, ball handling and kicking skills were all considered to be of least importance to injury prevention. These views were consistent with the content of the observed coach-led training sessions. In conclusion, current football training sessions do not give adequate attention to the development of skills most likely to reduce the risk of lower limb injury in players. There is a need to improve the translation of the latest scientific evidence about effective injury prevention into coaching practices.

Publication

Date: 21-10-2005

DOI: 10.1136/BJSM.2005.018515

Abstract: Objectives: To examine whether bowling workload is a risk factor for overuse injury to Australian junior cricket fast bowlers and to evaluate the appropriateness of current bowling workload guidelines. Methods: Forty four male fast bowlers (mean (standard deviation) age 14.7 (1.4) years) were monitored prospectively over the 2002–2003 season. Bowlers completed a daily diary to record bowling workloads and self reported injuries, which were validated by a physiotherapist. Bowling workload prior to the first injury (for those bowlers who were injured) was compared to workload across the whole season for uninjured bowlers. Results: Eleven (25%) bowlers reported an overuse-type injury, with seven of these sustaining a back injury. Injured bowlers had been bowling significantly more frequently than uninjured bowlers (median number of days since the previous bowling day: 3.2 v 3.9 days, Mann-Whitney U = 105.0, p = 0.038). Compared with bowlers with an average of ⩾3.5 rest days between bowling, bowlers with an average of .5 rest days were at a significantly increased risk of injury (risk ratio (RR) = 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 8.9). There were also trends towards an increased risk of injury for those who bowled an average of ⩾2.5 days per week (RR = 2.5, 95% CI 0.9 to 7.4) or ⩾50 deliveries per day (RR = 2.0, 95% CI 0.7 to 5.4). Conclusions: This study has identified high bowling workload as a risk factor for overuse injury to junior fast bowlers. Continued research is required to provide scientific evidence for bowling workload guidelines that are age-specific for junior fast bowlers.

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 16-03-2013

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2012-091729

Publication

Reporting Multiple Individual Injuries in Studies of Team Ball Sports: A Systematic Review of Current Practice

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 26-10-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S40279-016-0637-3

Publication

Investigation of Older Adults’ Participation in Exercises Following Completion of a State-wide Survey Targeting Evidence-based Falls Prevention Strategies

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 04-2015

DOI: 10.1123/JAPA.2014-0012

Abstract: This paper examines whether involvement in an observational study may prompt participants to change their exercise behaviors. Data were collected from 394 older community dwellers in Victoria, Australia using a baseline survey, and 245 of these participated in a follow-up survey one year later. Survey domains were drawn from constructs of relevant health behavior models. Results showed that the proportion of respondents who were currently participating in exercises to prevent falls at follow-up was 12% higher than at baseline (Wilcoxon p value .001). Twenty-nine percent reported they had changed their perceptions about falls and their risk of falls, with comments focused on threat appraisal. Forty-four percent reported having taken strategies to reduce their risk of falling, with comments based on implementation of different preventive strategies. Respondents who held favorable views toward exercises for the prevention of falls appear to change their behaviors that might address falls when participating in observational studies.

Publication

A profile of patients attending sports medicine clinics

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 08-2005

DOI: 10.1136/BJSM.2004.015750

Publication

Key Factors Influencing Implementation of Falls Prevention Exercise Programs in the Community

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 2016

DOI: 10.1123/JAPA.2014-0143

Abstract: The study aim was to evaluate the implementation of group- and home-based exercise falls prevention programs delivered through community health agencies to community-dwelling older people. Interviews with program staff were guided by the Diffusion of Innovations theory. Highly consistent themes emerged for the two types of programs. Both had high overall compatibility, high relative advantage, good observability and high inherent trialability—all factors known to strengthen implementation. The level of complexity and low financial compatibility emerged as the strongest potential inhibitors to program implementation in the context examined. The two main factors contributing to complexity were the need to challenge balance safely across a broad range of capability, and practical considerations associated with program delivery.A range of strategies to provide more technical support for exercise program leaders to tailor balance challenge for exercise program leaders may enhance implementation of falls prevention exercise programs.

Publication

The incidence and burden of hospital-treated sports-related injury in people aged 15+ years in Victoria, Australia, 2004-2010: a future epidemic of osteoarthritis?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.JOCA.2015.02.165

Abstract: Previous sports injury is a known risk factor for subsequent osteoarthritis (OA), but population-based rates of sports injury are unknown. The aims of this study were to: (1) describe the trends in the population incidence and burden of all hospital-treated sports injury in Victoria, Australia in adults aged 15+ years (2) determine the incidence of lower limb and knee injuries and (3) quantify their population health burden as average direct hospital costs per injury and lengths of stay. Health sector data relating to adults aged 15+ years, for 2004-2010 inclusive, was extracted from the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset (VAED) and Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset (VEMD). Data relating to sports injuries were identified using activity codes in each dataset Trends in injury frequency and rates were determined, and economic burden was calculated. The overall annual rate of hospital treated sports injuries increased by 24% (P = 0.001), and lower limb injuries by 26% (P = 0.001) over the 7 years. The associated accumulated economic burden was $265 million for all sports injuries and $110 million for lower limb injuries over the 7-years. The findings of this study show a significant increase in sports injuries in the state of Victoria, Australia over a 7-year period. As previous sports injury is a risk factor for the development of OA, the future incidence of OA will escalate, placing an even greater burden on health care systems. Population-wide preventative strategies that reduce the risk of sports injury are urgently required in order to reduce the future burden of OA.

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 27-09-2018

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2017-098303

Publication

Does padded headgear prevent head injury in rugby union football?

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 02-2009

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0B013E3181864BEE

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 21-09-2015

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2015-094719

Publication

Identifying clusters of falls-related hospital admissions to inform population targets for prioritising falls prevention programmes

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 24-01-2015

DOI: 10.1136/INJURYPREV-2014-041351

Publication

Safety attitudes and beliefs of junior Australian football players

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 06-2002

DOI: 10.1136/IP.8.2.151

Abstract: To describe the safety attitudes and beliefs of junior (aged 16-18 years) Australian football players. Six Victorian Football League Under 18 (VFL U18) clubs in Victoria, Australia. Cross sectional survey. Altogether 103 players completed a self report questionnaire about their safety beliefs and perceptions of support when injured, across three contexts in which they played: VFL U18 club, local club, and school. Although only 6% believed it was safe to play with injuries, 58% were willing to risk doing so. This increased to almost 80% when players perceived that their chances of being selected to play for a senior elite team would be adversely affected if they did not play. There were significant differences in the perceived level of support for injured players and in the ranking of safety as a high priority across the three settings. In general, the VFL U18 clubs were perceived as providing good support for injured players and giving a high priority to safety issues, but local clubs and particularly schools were perceived to address these issues less well. Junior Australian football players have certain beliefs and perceptions in relation to injury risk that have the potential to increase injuries. These negative beliefs need to be addressed in any comprehensive injury prevention strategy aimed at these players.

Publication

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 17-11-2017

DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2016.1256555

Publication

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2011

DOI: 10.2165/11537260-000000000-00000

Abstract: Several important methodological issues need to be considered when designing sports injury case-control studies. Major design goals for case-control studies include the accounting for prior injury risk exposure, and optimal definitions of both cases and suitable controls are needed to ensure this. This article reviews methodological aspects of published sports injury case-control studies, particularly with regard to the selection of controls. It argues for a new approach towards selecting controls for case-control studies that draws on an interface between epidemiological and biomechanical concepts. A review was conducted to identify sport injury case-control studies published in the peer-review literature during 1985-2008. Overall, 32 articles were identified, of which the majority related to upper or lower extremity injuries. Matching considerations were used for control selection in 16 studies. Specific mention of application of biomechanical principles in the selection of appropriate controls was absent from all studies, including those purporting to evaluate the benefits of personal protective equipment to protect against impact injury. This is a problem because it could lead to biased conclusions, as cases and controls are not fully comparable in terms of similar biomechanical impact profiles relating to the injury incident, such as site of the impact on the body. The strength of the conclusions drawn from case-control studies, and the extent to which results can be generalized, is directly influenced by the definition and recruitment of cases and appropriate controls. Future studies should consider the interface between epidemiological and biomechanical concepts when choosing appropriate controls to ensure that proper adjustment of prior exposure to injury risk is made. To provide necessary guidance for the optimal selection of controls in case-control studies of interventions to prevent sports-related impact injury, this review outlines a new case-control selection strategy that reflects the importance of biomechanical considerations, which ensures that controls are selected based on the presence of the same global injury mechanism as the cases. To summarize, the general biomechanical principles that should apply to the selection of controls in future case-control studies are as follows: (i) each control must have been exposed to the same global injury mechanism as the case, (e.g. head impact, fall onto outstretched arm) and (ii) intrinsic (in idual) factors (e.g. age, sex, skill level) that might modify the person's response to the relevant biomechanical loads are adjusted when either selecting the controls or are in the analysis phase. The same considerations for control selection apply to other study designs such as matched cohort studies or case-crossover studies.

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 12-2004

DOI: 10.1136/BJSM.2003.009399

Publication

Medical-attention injuries in community cricket: a systematic review

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 03-2020

DOI: 10.1136/BMJSEM-2019-000670

Abstract: The aim was to identify and describe outcomes from original published studies that present the number, nature, mechanism and severity of medically treated injuries sustained in community-level cricket. Systematic review. Nine databases were systematically searched to December 2019 using terms “cricket*” and “injur*”. Original, peer-reviewed studies reporting injury for at least one injury descriptor (body region, nature of injury and/or mechanism of injury) in community-level cricketers of all ages were included. Qualitative synthesis, critical appraisal and descriptive summary results are reported within the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Six studies were included: five reported hospital-treated data and one reported insurance claims data. Two had a low risk of bias. In hospital-based studies, fractures were the most frequent injury type. Upper and lower limb injuries (age ≥15 years) and injuries to the head (age years) were the most common body region injured. Being struck by the ball was the most common mechanism for injury presenting to hospitals. Children were also commonly struck by equipment. One study using insurance claims data reported soft tissue injuries as the main of injury type. Hospital treatment data were most prominent, which emphasised injuries of a more serious nature or requiring acute care. These injuries were primarily fractures, dislocation/sprain and strains, bruising and open wounds with the majority resulting from players being struck by the ball. Research into whether properly fitted protective equipment, at an approved standard, is worn and is effective, is recommended.

Publication

But can someone like me do it? The importance of appropriate role modelling for safety behaviours in sports injury prevention

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 14-10-2016

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2015-095105

Publication

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-02-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S40279-016-0470-8

Publication

Observations of caregiver supervision of children at beaches: identification of factors associated with high supervision

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 18-02-2011

DOI: 10.1136/IP.2010.031062

Abstract: To identify independent factors associated with caregiver supervision levels at beaches. Children (aged 1-14 years) engaged in beach play and their caregivers were observed at Australian beaches during September-April, 2008/09. Caregiver, child, and environmental factor data were collected and recorded on a validated observation instrument. The main outcome of interest was a continuous measure of supervision. After adjusting for potential clustering by beach/state, multivariable linear regression was used to identify independent factors associated with caregiver supervision. Four independent predictors of supervision and one interaction effect (child age by the caregiver and child position on beach) were identified. Caregivers who were supervising from a different position to where the child was playing were less likely to provide high supervision, as were older caregivers (>35 years) compared to younger caregivers (≤34 years). Compared to children playing alone, children playing with one, or two or more others were less likely to receive high supervision, and children aged 1-4 years were likely to receive higher supervision than older children. This study provides new knowledge about underlying factors associated with the level of caregiver supervision in beach settings. Future studies should continue to explore independent predictors of supervision so that effective programmes, which focus on caregiver supervision, can be targeted to address poor supervision practices.

Publication

Modelling the population-level impact of tai-chi on falls and fall-related injury among community-dwelling older people

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 19-07-2010

DOI: 10.1136/IP.2009.025452

Abstract: To model the population level impact of tai-chi on future rates of falls and fall-related injury in older people as a tool for policy development. An epidemiological and economic model for estimating population-level effectiveness of tai-chi. Australia, 2009. Patients or subjects Australian community-dwelling population aged 70+ years, ambulatory and without debilitating conditions or profound visual defects. Intervention Group-based tai-chi, for 1 h twice weekly for 26 weeks, assuming no sustained effect beyond the intervention period. Main outcome measure Total falls and fall-related hospitalisation prevented in 2009. Population-wide tai-chi delivery would prevent an estimated 5440 falls and 109 fall-related hospitalisations, resulting in a 0.18% reduction in the fall-related hospital admission rate for community-dwelling older people. The gross costs per fall and per fall-related hospital admission prevented were $A4414 (€3013) and $A220,712 (€150,684), respectively. A total investment of $A24.01 million (€16.39 million), equivalent to 4.2% of the cost of fall-related episodes of hospital care in 2003/4, would be required to provide tai-chi for 31,998 people and achieve this effect. Substantial investment in, and high population uptake of, tai-chi would be required to have a large effect on falls and fall-related hospitalisation rates. Although not accounted for in this study, investment in tai-chi is likely to be associated with additional significant health benefits beyond falls prevention. This approach could be applied to other interventions to assist selection of the most cost-effective falls-prevention portfolio for Australia and other countries.

Publication

The Development of the Lunchtime Enjoyment of Activity and Play Questionnaire

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 15-03-2013

DOI: 10.1111/JOSH.12025

Abstract: Enjoyment of physical activity is as an important determinant of children's participation in physical activity. Despite this, there is an absence of reliable measures for assessing children's enjoyment of play activities during school lunchtime. The purpose of this study was to develop and assess the reliability of the Lunchtime Enjoyment of Activity and Play (LEAP) Questionnaire. Questionnaire items were categorized employing a social-ecological framework including intrapersonal (20 items), interpersonal (2 items), and physical environment olicy (17 items) components to identify the broader influences on children's enjoyment. An identical questionnaire was administered on 2 occasions, 10 days apart, to 176 children aged 8-12 years, attending a government elementary school in regional Victoria, Australia. Test-retest reliability confirmed that 35 of 39 LEAP Questionnaire items had at least moderate kappa agreement ranging from .44 to .78. Although 4 in idual kappa values were low, median kappa scores for each aggregated social-ecological component reached at least moderate agreement (.44-.60). This study confirms the LEAP Questionnaire to be a reliable, context-specific instrument with sound content, and face validity that employs a social-ecological framework to assess children's enjoyment of school play and lunchtime activities.

Publication

Spatial temporal modeling of hospitalizations for fall-related hip fractures in older people

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 28-01-2009

DOI: 10.1007/S00198-008-0819-4

Abstract: The study determined the spatial temporal characteristics of fall-related hip fractures in the elderly using routinely collected injury hospitalization and sociodemographic data. There was significant spatial temporal variation in hospitalized hip fracture rates in New South Wales, Australia. The study determined the spatial temporal characteristics of fall-related hip fractures in the elderly using routinely collected injury hospitalization data. All New South Wales (NSW), Australia residents aged 65+ years who were hospitalized for a fall-related hip fracture between 1 July 1998 and 30 June 2004 were included. Bayesian Poisson regression was used to model rates in local government areas (LGAs), allowing for the incorporation of spatial, temporal, and covariate effects. Hip fracture rates were significantly decreasing in one LGA, and there were no significant increases in any LGAs. The proportion of the population in residential aged care facilities was significantly associated with the rate of hospitalized hip fractures with a relative risk (RR) of 1.003 (95% credible interval 1.002, 1.004). Socioeconomic status was also related to hospitalized hip fractures with those in the third and fourth quintiles being at decreased risk of hip fracture compared to those in the least disadvantaged (fifth) quintile [RR = 0.837 (0.717, 0.972) and RR = 0.855 (0.743, 0.989) respectively]. There was significant spatial temporal variation in hospitalized hip fracture rates in NSW, Australia. The use of Bayesian methods was crucial to allow for spatial correlation, covariate effects, and LGA boundary changes.

Publication

A protocol for evidence-based targeting and evaluation of statewide strategies for preventing falls among community-dwelling older people in Victoria, Australia

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 24-12-2010

DOI: 10.1136/IP.2010.030775

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 12-07-2019

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2017-097753

Publication

Integrating and maintaining automated external defibrillators and emergency planning in community sport settings: a qualitative case study

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 16-06-2020

DOI: 10.1136/EMERMED-2019-208781

Abstract: A voluntary State Government-led programme in Victoria, Australia ‘Defibrillators for Sporting Clubs and Facilities Program’ ran from 2015 to 2019, broadly aimed at increasing access to automated external defibrillators (AEDs), together with a greater number of community members trained for management of medical emergencies. This study aimed to understand whether participating sport clubs/facilities had successfully integrated an AED and medical planning with other club/facility safety practices, 12 months after delivery of the programme. This was a qualitative case study of 14 sport clubs/facilities in Victoria, Australia in 2017, underpinned by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. We conducted observational audits of facilities (to locate AED placement, signage and other relevant location-specific factors) and semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with representatives of the clubs/facilities. Interview questions were designed to determine if and how the related, mandated emergency management programme was adapted for the long term (embedding), whether this aligned to ongoing organisational mission (active engagement), and whether or not it was still ongoing 6 months postinitial implementation (sustainability). Data were evaluated using qualitative descriptive methodology. For reporting, descriptive summaries of the audit were combined with interview data to contextualise and visualise the sport club/facility setting and key results. Key issues identified were accessibility and visibility of the AED, with inadequate signage and challenges identifying an efficient location for access and storage. Most interviewees reported the AED and training were received with no further actions taken towards safety planning or integration with club/facility practice. Several challenges regarding remaining up to date with training and ensuring required routine checks of the AED take place were also raised. This study identified several challenges for community sport clubs/facilities in the implementation of an AED and medical planning programme, including where to store the AED, how to make its presence known to the community and how to integrate changes alongside other club/facility practices.

Publication

The reliability of musculoskeletal screening tests used in cricket

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2008

DOI: 10.1016/J.PTSP.2007.09.004

Abstract: To determine the inter- and intra-observer reliability of a field-based musculoskeletal screening protocol used to measure potential injury risk factors in cricket fast bowlers. Test-retest reliability study. High performance Australian cricket. Ten volunteers. Two sports physiotherapists conducted the testing. Participants completed the following tests: knee extension modified Thomas test (hip extension and abduction) hip internal and external rotation combined elevation ankle dorsiflexion lunge bridging hold prone four point hold and calf heel raises. For each of the tests, the participants were tested by each physiotherapist twice, and the inter- and intra-observer reliability were concurrently assessed. The inter-observer reliability of the tests was generally poor, with only four of the ten tests having an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) greater than 0.80 (range of ICCs 0.27-0.99). The intra-observer reliability of the tests was considerably higher, with nine tests having an ICC greater than 0.80 (range of ICCs 0.56-0.99). With the exception of the bridging hold, all tests would be considered acceptable where only one observer was conducting the testing. However, only the ankle dorsiflexion lunge, combined elevation test, calf heel raise test and prone four point hold have acceptable reliability when there are multiple physiotherapists recording measurements.

Publication

High adherence to a neuromuscular injury prevention programme (FIFA 11+) improves functional balance and reduces injury risk in Canadian youth female football players: a cluster randomised trial

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 04-04-2013

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2012-091886

Abstract: A protective effect on injury risk in youth sports through neuromuscular warm-up training routines has consistently been demonstrated. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the quantity and quality of coach-led injury prevention programmes and its impact on the physical performance of players. The aim of this cluster-randomised controlled trial was to assess whether different delivery methods of an injury prevention programme (FIFA 11+) to coaches could improve player performance, and to examine the effect of player adherence on performance and injury risk. During the 2011 football season (May-August), coaches of 31 tiers 1-3 level teams were introduced to the 11+ through either an unsupervised website or a coach-focused workshop with and without additional on-field supervisions. Playing exposure, adherence to the 11+, and injuries were recorded for female 13-year-old to 18-year-old players. Performance testing included the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), single-leg balance, triple hop and jumping-over-a-bar tests. Complete preseason and postseason performance tests were available for 226 players (66.5%). Compared to the unsupervised group, single-leg balance (OR=2.8 95% CI 1.1 to 4.6) and the anterior direction of the SEBT improved significantly in the onfield supervised group of players (OR=4.7 95% CI 2.2 to 7.1), while 2-leg jumping performance decreased (OR=-5.1 95% CI -9.9 to -0.2). However, significant improvements in 5 of 6 reach distances in the SEBT were found, favouring players who highly adhered to the 11+. Also, injury risk was lower for those players (injury rate ratio, IRR=0.28, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.79). Different delivery methods of the FIFA 11+ to coaches influenced players' physical performance minimally. However, high player adherence to the 11+ resulted in significant improvements in functional balance and reduced injury risk.

Publication

Meta-narrative analysis of sports injury reporting practices based on the Injury Definitions Concept Framework (IDCF): A review of consensus statements and epidemiological studies in athletics (track

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2014.11.393

Abstract: Consistency in routines for reporting injury has been a focus of development efforts in sports epidemiology for a long time. To gain an improved understanding of current reporting practices, we applied the Injury Definitions Concept Framework (IDCF) in a review of injury reporting in a subset of the field. Meta-narrative review. An analysis of injury definitions reported in consensus statements for different sports and studies of injury epidemiology in athletics (track and field) published in PubMed between 1980 and 2013 was performed. Separate narratives for each of the three reporting contexts in the IDCF were constructed from the data. Six consensus statements and 14 studies reporting on athletics injury epidemiology fulfilled the selection criteria. The narratives on sports performance, clinical examination, and athlete self-report contexts were evenly represented in the eligible studies. The sports performance and athlete self-report narratives covered both professional and community athletes as well as training and competition settings. In the clinical examination narrative, data collection by health service professionals was linked to studies of professional athletes at international ch ionships. From an application of the IDCF in a review of injury reporting in sports epidemiology we observed a parallel usage of reporting contexts in this field of research. The co-existence of reporting methodologies does not necessarily reflect a problematic situation, but only provided that firm precautions are taken when comparing studies performed in the different contexts.

Publication

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 10-2003

DOI: 10.1136/BJSM.37.5.380

Publication

Injuries in community-level Australian football: Results from a club-based injury surveillance system

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2014.11.390

Abstract: Far fewer injury surveillance systems exist within community sport than elite sport. As a result, most epidemiological data on sports injuries have limited relevance to community-level sporting populations. There is potential for data from community club-based injury surveillance systems to provide a better understanding of community sports injuries. This study aimed to describe the incidence and profile of community-level Australian football injuries reported using a club-based injury surveillance system. Prospective, epidemiological study. Sports trainers from five community-level Australian football leagues recorded injury data during two football seasons using the club-based system. An online surveillance tool developed by Sports Medicine Australia ('Sports Injury Tracker') was used for data collection. The injury incidence, profile and match injury rate were reported. Injury data for 1205 players were recorded in season one and for 823 players in season two. There was significant variability in injury incidence across clubs. However, aggregated data were consistent across football seasons, with an average of 0.7 injuries per player per season and 38-39 match injuries per 1000 h match exposure. A large proportion of injuries occurred during matches, involved the lower limb and resulted from contact. Data from the club-based system provided a profile of injuries consistent with previous studies in community-level Australian football. Moreover, injury incidence was consistent with other studies using similar personnel to record data. However, injury incidence was lower than that reported in studies using player self-report or healthcare professionals and may be an underestimate of true values.

Publication

Perceived Injury Risk among Junior Cricketers: A Cross Sectional Survey

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 22-08-2017

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH14080946

Publication

The effect of coach and player injury knowledge, attitudes and beliefs on adherence to the FIFA 11+ programme in female youth soccer

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 13-06-2014

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2014-093543

Abstract: Injury knowledge and beliefs influence uptake of prevention programmes, but the relationship between knowledge, beliefs and adherence remains unclear. To describe injury knowledge and beliefs among youth female soccer coaches and players, and to identify the relationship between these factors, different delivery strategies of the FIFA 11+ programme and adherence. A subcohort analysis from a cluster-randomised controlled trial of 31 female soccer teams (coaches n=29, players (ages 13-18) n=258). Preseason and postseason questionnaires were used to assess knowledge and beliefs. Teams recorded FIFA 11+ adherence during the season. At baseline, 62.8% (95% CI 48.4% to 77.3%) of coaches and 75.8% (95% CI 71.5% to 80.1%) of players considered 'inadequate warm-up' a risk factor for injury. There was no effect of delivery method (OR=1.1 95% CI 0.8 to 1.5) or adherence (OR=1.0 95% CI 0.9 to 1.1) on this belief. At baseline, 13.8% (95% CI 1.3% to 26.4%) of coaches believed a warm-up could prevent muscle injuries, but none believed it could prevent knee and ankle injuries. For players, 9.7% (95% CI 6.1% to 13.3%), 4.7% (95% CI 2.1% to 7.3%) and 4.7% (95% CI 2.1% to 7.3%) believed a warm-up would prevent muscle, knee and ankle injuries, respectively. Years of playing experience were negatively associated with high adherence for coaches (OR=0.93 0.88 to 0.99) and players (OR=0.92 0.85 to 0.98). There were gaps in injury knowledge and beliefs, which differed for coaches and players. Beliefs did not significantly affect adherence to the FIFA 11+, suggesting additional motivational factors should be considered.

Publication

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 30-11-2017

DOI: 10.2196/PREPRINTS.9541

Abstract: lectronic methods are increasingly being used to manage health-related data amongst sporting populations. Collection of such data permits analysis of injury and illness trends, improves early detection of injuries and illnesses, collectively referred to as health problems, and provides evidence to inform prevention strategies. The Athlete Management System (AMS) has been employed across a range of sports to monitor health. Australian combat athletes train across the country without dedicated national medical/sports science teams to monitor and advocate for their health. Employing an internet-based system, such as the AMS, may provide an avenue to increase visibility of health problems experienced by combat athletes, and deliver key information to stakeholders detailing where prevention programs may be targeted. he objectives of this paper are to: 1) report on the feasibility of utilising the AMS to collect longitudinal injury and illness data of combat sport athletes, and 2) describe the type, location, severity and recurrence of injuries and illnesses that the cohort of athletes experience across a 12-week period. wenty-six elite and developing athletes from four Olympic combat sports (boxing, judo, taekwondo and wrestling) were invited to participate in this study. Engagement with the AMS system was measured and collected health problems (injuries/illnesses) were coded using Orchard Sport Injury Classification System (OSICS, version 10.1) and International Classification of Primary Care (version 2). espite over 160 contacts, athlete engagement with online tools was poor with only 13% compliance across the 12 week period. No taekwondo or wrestling athletes were compliant. Despite low overall engagement, a large number of injuries/illness were recorded across the 11 athletes who entered data: 22 unique injuries, 8 unique illnesses, 30 recurrent injuries and two recurrent illnesses. The most frequent injuries were to the knee in boxing (n=41) and thigh in judo (n=9). In this cohort, judo players experienced more severe, but less frequent, injuries than did boxers, yet sustained more illnesses. In 97% of cases, athletes in this cohort continued to train irrespective of their health problems. mongst athletes who reported injuries, many reported multiple conditions indicating that there is a need for health monitoring in Australian combat sport. A number of factors may have influenced engagement with the AMS, including access to internet, the design of the system, coach views on the system, previous experiences with the system and the existing culture within Australian combat sports. To increase engagement, there may need to be a requirement for sports staff to provide relevant feedback on data entered into the system. Until the barriers are addressed, it is not feasible to implement the system in its current form across a larger cohort of combat athletes.

Publication

The reach and adoption of a coach-led exercise training programme in community football

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 12-03-2014

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2012-091797

Publication

Research alone is not sufficient to prevent sports injury

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 21-07-2012

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2012-091434

Publication

Controlled ecological evaluation of an implemented exercise training programme to prevent lower limb injuries in sport: differences in implementation activity.

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 24-04-2018

DOI: 10.1136/INJURYPREV-2017-042579

Abstract: The public health benefits of injury prevention programmes are maximised when programmes are widely adopted and adhered to. Therefore, these programmes require appropriate implementation support. This study evaluated implementation activity outcomes associated with the implementation of FootyFirst, an exercise training injury prevention programme for community Australian football, both with (FootyFirst+S) and without (FootyFirst+NS) implementation support. An evaluation plan based on the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) Sports Setting Matrix was applied in a controlled ecological evaluation of the implementation of FootyFirst. RE-AIM dimension-specific (range: 0–2) and total RE-AIM scores (range: 0–10) were derived by triangulating data from a number of sources (including surveys, interviews, direct observations and notes) describing FootyFirst implementation activities. The mean dimension-specific and total scores were compared for clubs in regions receiving FootyFirst+S and FootyFirst+NS, through analysis of variance. The mean total RE-AIM score forclubs in the FootyFirst+S regions was 2.4 times higher than for clubs in the FootyFirst+NS region (4.73 vs 1.94 95% CI for the difference: 1.64 to 3.74). Similarly, all dimension-specific scores were significantly higher for clubs in the FootyFirst+S regions compared with clubs in the FootyFirst+NS region. In all regions, the dimension-specific scores were highest for reach and adoption, and lowest for implementation. Implementing exercise training injury prevention programmes in community sport is challenging. Delivering programme content supported by a context-specific and evidence-informed implementation plan leads to greater implementation activity, which is an important precursor to injury reductions.

Publication

Concussion guidelines need to move from only expert content to also include implementation and dissemination strategies

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 11-10-2013

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2012-091796

Publication

Date: 2017

DOI: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000291

Publication

Sports policy development and implementation in context: Researching and understanding the perceptions of community end-users

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 16-09-2012

DOI: 10.1177/1012690211422009

Abstract: Ensuring community clubs implement centrally developed sports policy is a challenge for most sports. One hundred and eighty four (70% male, 68% aged 40 to 59 years) community Australian football club representatives (first-aid providers, administrators, parents, coaches, etc.) from across the country provided their perceptions of an Australian Football League-developed sports trainer policy and associated workforce training structure (jointly referred to hereafter as ‘the policy’) via an online survey. This article presents a qualitative analysis of the open-ended questions within the survey using the analytical lens of symbolic interactionism. Respondents generally supported the intent of the policy and identified many potential benefits of the policy, if adopted. They also provided insight into the organization and operation of community sports clubs and stressed that the volunteer intensive nature of community sport needs to be accommodated in the policy to enhance the likelihood of community-level acceptance and implementation. Successful community club implementation of this type of centrally developed micro-level sport policy requires that policy-makers understand and address the implementation context-related perspectives raised in this study.

Publication

Infographic: Trends in paediatric and adolescent ACL injuries

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 13-01-2018

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2017-098504

Publication

The use and modification of injury prevention exercises by professional youth soccer teams

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 07-10-2016

DOI: 10.1111/SMS.12756

Publication

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 06-03-2017

DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2016.1274455

Publication

Rugby headgear study

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2003

DOI: 10.1016/S1440-2440(03)80030-0

Abstract: A two year randomised controlled trial of headgear in Rugby Union football is being conducted in Sydney, Australia. This paper gives an overview of this study in progress and presents results related to the development and laboratory performance of the headgear. The study commenced in 2002. Participants recruited to the study are in the under 13, 15, school open (U18) and colts age groups. There are three study arms: control, IRB-approved headgear, and modified headgear. The IRB approved headgear is a popular model in rugby, the Canterbury Honeycomb model manufactured by BodyArmour in New Zealand. The dimensions of this model were altered by increasing foam density and thickness to produce the modified headgear. In impact energy attenuation tests of 15 and 20 Joules onto a flat anvil, the modified headgear demonstrated average maximum headform accelerations of 23% and 33% of the standard model, respectively. Whether or not this improvement translates into reductions in injury will be determined by a comparison of the rates and severities of head injuries across study arms. Furthermore, these dimensional changes may not be acceptable to rugby players. Player attitudes towards safety and the use of protective clothing, injury history, experience and on-field behaviour will be examined via structured pre- and end of season surveys and analysis of match video.

Caroline Finch AO

Researcher

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Characterizing Spatiotemporal Patterns of Mangrove Forests in Can Gio Biosphere Reserve Using Sentinel-2 Imagery

The policies and practices of sports governing bodies in relation to assessing the safety of sports grounds

Hydrodilatation (distension arthrography): A long-term clinical outcome series

The implementation of musculoskeletal injury-prevention exercise programmes in team ball sports: a systematic review employing the RE-AIM framework

Citation impact and reach of the IOC sport and exercise medicine consensus statements

Trends in Pediatric and Adolescent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Victoria, Australia 2005–2015

Developing a Landscape Design Approach for the Sustainable Land Management of Hill Country Farms in New Zealand

Coding OSICS sports injury diagnoses in epidemiological studies: Does the background of the coder matter?

Counting organised sport injury cases: Evidence of incomplete capture from routine hospital collections

Document analysis of exertional heat illness policies and guidelines published by sports organisations in Victoria, Australia

Sports Biostatistician: a critical member of all sports science and medicine teams for injury prevention

Taking the JSMS to 2005 and beyond - Our performance and some key changes to the editorial processes

2002: The year in review

The impact of environmental, vehicle and driver characteristics on injury severity in older drivers hospitalized as a result of a traffic crash

The IOC Centres of Excellence bring prevention to Sports Medicine

Towards a national sports safety strategy: addressing facilitators and barriers towards safety guideline uptake

A comparison of the sports safety policies and practices of community sports clubs during training and competition in northern Sydney, Australia

Warm up practices of golfers: Are they adequate?

Sports trainers have accurate but incomplete recall of injury details [3]

Medical-Attention Injuries in Community Australian Football

Reducing injuries from falls

What Are the Characteristics of Home Exercise Programs That Older Adults Prefer?

Letter to the editor in response to attitude and behaviour of junior rugby union pslayers towards tackling during training and match play (Safety Science, 2011 doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2011.08.061)

The UPLOADS project: Development of an Australian national incident dataset for led outdoor activities

“Better for others than for me”: A belief that should shape our efforts to promote participation in falls prevention strategies

Area socioeconomic status and childhood injury morbidity in New South Wales, Australia

Teenagers attitudes towards bicycle helmets three years after the introduction of mandatory wearing

International consensus statement on injury surveillance in cricket: a 2016 update

What do under 15 year old schoolboy rugby union players think about protective headgear?

Coaches' perspectives on implementing an evidence-informed injury prevention programme in junior community netball

Different injury settings require different cost severity thresholds

IS THE REVISED TRAUMA SCORE STILL USEFUL?

Drunk, drowsy, doped: skiers' and snowboarders' injury risk perceptions regarding alcohol, fatigue and recreational drug use.

Activity and place – Is it necessary both to identify sports and leisure injury cases in ICD-coded data?

From control to causation: Validating a ‘complex systems model’ of running-related injury development and prevention

The causes of injuries sustained at fitness facilities presenting to Victorian emergency departments - identifying the main culprits

Sport, age, and sex specific incidence of sports injuries in Western Australia

Collecting Health and Exposure Data in Australian Olympic Combat Sports: Feasibility Study Utilizing an Electronic System

MULTIPLE INJURIES IN TEAM BALL SPORTS - HOW ARE DATA COLLECTED AND ANALYSED? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OF SPORTS AND LEISURE INJURY HOSPITALISATIONS IN VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA

Adapting an established measure of supervision for beach settings. Is the parent supervision attributes profile questionnaire reliable?

Concussion in community Australian football - epidemiological monitoring of the causes and immediate impact on play

The safety attitudes of people who use multi-purpose recreation facilities as a physical activity setting

The effectiveness of a squash eyewear promotion strategy

Developing a contributing factor classification scheme for Rasmussen's AcciMap: Reliability and validity evaluation

Rural v metro: Geographical differences in sports injury hospital admissions across Victoria

Developing Australia's first statewide trauma registry: what are the lessons?

Population-level estimates of child restraint practices among children aged 0-12 years in NSW, Australia

The epistemic basis of distance running injury research: A historical perspective

The descriptive epidemiology of sports/leisure-related heat illness hospitalisations in New South Wales, Australia

Sport-specific factors predicting player retention in junior cricket

Measuring children's self-reported sport participation, risk perception and injury history: Development and validation of a survey instrument

Updating the international research agenda for sport injury prevention

Sport as a setting for promoting health

Independent appraiser assessment of the quality, methodological rigour and transparency of the development of the 2008 international consensus statement on concussion in sport

Shorter time to first injury in first year professional football players

Rasmussen's legacy in the great outdoors: A new incident reporting and learning system for led outdoor activities

Time-to-event analysis for sports injury research part 1: time-varying exposures

Applying a systems thinking lens to injury causation in the outdoors: Evidence collected during 3 years of the Understanding and Preventing Led Outdoor Accidents Data System

Reliability of equipment for measuring the ground hardness and traction

Performance enhanced headgear: A scientific approach to the development of protective headgear

A comparison of two injury surveillance systems within sports medicine clinics

An anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention framework: Incorporating the recent evidence

The evolution of multiagency partnerships for safety over the course of research engagement: experiences from the NoGAPS project

Informing public policy: The role of the Journal

Determining the intra- and inter-observer reliability of screening tools used in sports injury research

From monocausality to systems thinking: a complementary and alternative conceptual approach for better understanding the development and prevention of sports injury

Intention to use sport concussion guidelines among community-level coaches and sports trainers

Bridging the Gap Between Content and Context

OARSI Clinical Trials Recommendations: Design and conduct of clinical trials for primary prevention of osteoarthritis by joint injury prevention in sport and recreation

Epidemiology of medically treated sport and active recreation injuries in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria, Australia

The translation of sports injury prevention and safety promotion knowledge: insights from key intermediary organisations