ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7042-5392
Current Organisations
University of Cambridge
,
Robinson College, Cambridge
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Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 18-05-2022
Abstract: BackgroundIn iduals who belong to a sexual minority are at greater risk of adverse health and social outcomes. These effects are observed during adolescence, when many mental health problems, such as depression, first emerge. Here, we employed a network analytic approach to explore the role that sexual minority status plays in the links between depression, interpersonal difficulties and health-risk behaviours in a large s le of mid-adolescents. MethodsA mixed graphical model was estimated on data from 8017 14-year-olds from the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study, of which 490 self-identified as belonging to a sexual minority. We computed measures of node predictability and centrality, and compared edge weight differences within the network. Shortest path analyses determine the shortest path from sexual minority status to other nodes in the network. Finally, consensus community detection was used to identify subgroups of adolescents who demonstrated distinct profiles of adverse outcomes. ResultsSexual minority status was highly central in the network. The largest edge was between sexual minority status and depression, and this was significantly larger than all other edges. Sexual minority status also had direct links with peer and conduct problems. The shortest path to smoking and drug use occurred via conduct problems. The shortest path to drinking, poor social support and closeness with parents and victimisation occurred via depression. Three distinct profiles of adverse outcomes were identified within sexual minority adolescents: increased peer and conduct problems higher smoking, drinking and drug use and elevated depression and victimisation with poor social and parental support.ConclusionsSexual minority status is highly connected to multiple adverse outcomes, sometimes directly, sometimes indirectly. The largest single association was between sexual minority status and depression, and this link mediated multiple negative associations with being in a sexual minority. Finally, our identification of subgroups highlighted in idual differences in adverse outcomes.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 10-06-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.08.447489
Abstract: Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify in idual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight 1 . Here, we built an interactive resource to benchmark brain morphology, www.brainchart.io , derived from any current or future s le of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. With the goal of basing these reference charts on the largest and most inclusive dataset available, we aggregated 123,984 MRI scans from 101,457 participants aged from 115 days post-conception through 100 postnatal years, across more than 100 primary research studies. Cerebrum tissue volumes and other global or regional MRI metrics were quantified by centile scores, relative to non-linear trajectories 2 of brain structural changes, and rates of change, over the lifespan. Brain charts identified previously unreported neurodevelopmental milestones 3 showed high stability of in idual centile scores over longitudinal assessments and demonstrated robustness to technical and methodological differences between primary studies. Centile scores showed increased heritability compared to non-centiled MRI phenotypes, and provided a standardised measure of atypical brain structure that revealed patterns of neuroanatomical variation across neurological and psychiatric disorders. In sum, brain charts are an essential first step towards robust quantification of in idual deviations from normative trajectories in multiple, commonly-used neuroimaging phenotypes. Our collaborative study proves the principle that brain charts are achievable on a global scale over the entire lifespan, and applicable to analysis of erse developmental and clinical effects on human brain structure. Furthermore, we provide open resources to support future advances towards adoption of brain charts as standards for quantitative benchmarking of typical or atypical brain MRI scans.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Duncan Astle.