ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9457-3808
Current Organisations
Institut Teknologi Bandung
,
Swinburne University of Technology
,
McMaster University
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In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Manufacturing Processes and Technologies (excl. Textiles) | Metals and Alloy Materials | Manufacturing Engineering | Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy | Pyrometallurgy | Materials Engineering |
Basic Iron and Steel Products | Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in Engineering | Management of Solid Waste from Manufacturing Activities | Metals (e.g. Composites, Coatings, Bonding) | Coated Metal and Metal-Coated Products
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-01-2022
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
Date: 2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-05-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-04-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-04-2019
DOI: 10.3390/EN12071313
Abstract: Exergy analysis is one of the useful decision-support tools in assessing the environmental impact related to waste emissions from fossil fuel. This paper proposes a thermodynamic-based design to estimate the exergy quantity and losses during the recycling of copper and other valuable metals out of electronic waste (e-waste) through a secondary copper recycling process. The losses related to recycling, as well as the quality losses linked to metal and oxide dust, can be used as an index of the resource loss and the effectiveness of the selected recycling route. Process-based results are presented for the emission exergy of the major equipment used, which are namely a reduction furnace, an oxidation furnace, and fire-refining, electrorefining, and precious metal-refining (PMR) processes for two scenarios (secondary copper recycling with 50% and 30% waste printed circuit boards in the feed). The results of the work reveal that increasing the percentage of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) in the feed will lead to an increase in the exergy emission of CO2. The variation of the exergy loss for all of the process units involved in the e-waste treatment process illustrated that the oxidation stage is the key contributor to exergy loss, followed by reduction and fire refining. The results also suggest that a fundamental variation of the emission refining through a secondary copper recycling process is necessary for e-waste treatment.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-01-2023
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-01-2019
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2016
Publisher: ASME International
Date: 27-09-2023
DOI: 10.1115/1.4063182
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-02-2011
Publisher: Iron and Steel Institute of Japan
Date: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-01-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: Iron and Steel Institute of Japan
Date: 2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: Iron and Steel Institute of Japan
Date: 15-07-2022
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 16-10-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.4125195
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-10-2021
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-02-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-03-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Publisher: AIST
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.33313/377/072
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-11-2016
DOI: 10.1002/IID3.136
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-10-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.4137086
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-01-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-09-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-09-2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-09-2009
Publisher: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM Press)
Date: 31-05-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-07-0077
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE13385
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.4396553
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-08-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-02-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-02-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-06-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Publisher: Iron and Steel Institute of Japan
Date: 2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-01-2009
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-11-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-05-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-01-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-10-2015
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-02-2014
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
Date: 2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-10-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-06-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-06-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-02-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2005
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2005
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-07-2023
DOI: 10.3390/PR11072196
Abstract: This current article discusses the technoeconomics (TE) of hydrogen generation, transportation, compression and storage in the Australian context. The TE analysis is important and a prerequisite for investment decisions. This study selected the Australian context due to its huge potential in green hydrogen, but the modelling is applicable to other parts of the world, adjusting the price of electricity and other utilities. The hydrogen generation using the most mature alkaline electrolysis (AEL) technique was selected in the current study. The results show that increasing temperature from 50 to 90 °C and decreasing pressure from 13 to 5 bar help improve electrolyser performance, though pressure has a minor effect. The selected range for performance parameters was based on the fundamental behaviour of water electrolysers supported with literature. The levelised cost of hydrogen (LCH2) was calculated for generation, compression, transportation and storage. However, the majority of the LCH2 was for generation, which was calculated based on CAPEX, OPEX, capital recovery factor, hydrogen production rate and capacity factor. The LCH2 in 2023 was calculated to be 9.6 USD/kgH2 using a base-case solar electricity price of 65–38 USD/MWh. This LCH2 is expected to decrease to 6.5 and 3.4 USD/kgH2 by 2030 and 2040, respectively. The current LCH2 using wind energy was calculated to be 1.9 USD/kgH2 lower than that of solar-based electricity. The LCH2 using standalone wind electricity was calculated to be USD 5.3 and USD 2.9 in 2030 and 2040, respectively. The LCH2 predicted using a solar and wind mix (SWM) was estimated to be USD 3.2 compared to USD 9.6 and USD 7.7 using standalone solar and wind. The LCH2 under the best case was predicted to be USD 3.9 and USD 2.1 compared to USD 6.5 and USD 3.4 under base-case solar PV in 2030 and 2040, respectively. The best case SWM offers 33% lower LCH2 in 2023, which leads to 37%, 39% and 42% lower LCH2 in 2030, 2040 and 2050, respectively. The current results are overpredicted, especially compared with CSIRO, Australia, due to the higher assumption of the renewable electricity price. Currently, over two-thirds of the cost for the LCH2 is due to the price of electricity (i.e., wind and solar). Modelling suggests an overall reduction in the capital cost of AEL plants by about 50% in the 2030s. Due to the lower capacity factor (effective energy generation over maximum output) of renewable energy, especially for solar plants, a combined wind- and solar-based electrolysis plant was recommended, which can increase the capacity factor by at least 33%. Results also suggest that besides generation, at least an additional 1.5 USD/kgH2 for compression, transportation and storage is required.
Publisher: Iron and Steel Institute of Japan
Date: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-05-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-10-2013
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 28-08-2023
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 2019
Publisher: International Journal of Technology
Date: 20-12-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-01-2009
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 03-2011
Abstract: Cryptococcus gattii recently emerged as the causative agent of cryptococcosis in healthy in iduals in western North America, despite previous characterization of the fungus as a pathogen in tropical or subtropical regions. As a foundation to study the genetics of virulence in this pathogen, we sequenced the genomes of a strain (WM276) representing the predominant global molecular type (VGI) and a clinical strain (R265) of the major genotype (VGIIa) causing disease in North America. We compared these C. gattii genomes with each other and with the genomes of representative strains of the two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans that generally cause disease in immunocompromised people. Our comparisons included chromosome alignments, analysis of gene content and gene family evolution, and comparative genome hybridization (CGH). These studies revealed that the genomes of the two representative C. gattii strains (genotypes VGI and VGIIa) are colinear for the majority of chromosomes, with some minor rearrangements. However, multiortholog phylogenetic analysis and an evaluation of gene/sequence conservation support the existence of speciation within the C. gattii complex. More extensive chromosome rearrangements were observed upon comparison of the C. gattii and the C. neoformans genomes. Finally, CGH revealed considerable variation in clinical and environmental isolates as well as changes in chromosome copy numbers in C. gattii isolates displaying fluconazole heteroresistance. IMPORTANCE Isolates of Cryptococcus gattii are currently causing an outbreak of cryptococcosis in western North America, and most of the cases occurred in the absence of coinfection with HIV. This pattern is therefore in stark contrast to the current global burden of one million annual cases of cryptococcosis, caused by the related species Cryptococcus neoformans , in the HIV/AIDS population. The genome sequences of two outbreak-associated major genotypes of C. gattii reported here provide insights into genome variation within and between cryptococcal species. These sequences also provide a resource to further evaluate the epidemiology of cryptococcal disease and to evaluate the role of pathogen genes in the differential interactions of C. gattii and C. neoformans with immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-10-2019
DOI: 10.3390/MIN9100631
Abstract: In this paper, a systematic thermodynamic analysis of carbothermic reduction of saprolitic nickel laterite ore was carried out. Different carbon sources—such as pure C, sub-bituminous, and lignite—were used for the carbothermic reduction at 1000 °C (1273 K). The effect of the different additives—such as S, FeS, Na2S, Na2SO4, and CaSO4—was also systematically evaluated. The thermodynamic calculations suggested that the use of low rank coals (sub-bituminous and lignite) do not significantly affect the nickel grade and nickel recovery, but affect the total metals recovery. The presence of S in these C-sources promoted the formation of sulfides. At 1000 °C (1273 K), only a small amount of C-sources (C, sub-bituminous, lignite) are needed to significantly metallize the nickel in the laterite, i.e., between 4–6 wt %. The additives S, FeS, Na2S, Na2SO4, and CaSO4 were predicted to promote the formation of liquid sulfides, and at the same time reduce the formation of the (Fe,Ni) alloy, thus reducing the nickel and total metals recovery. Therefore, consideration is needed to balance the two aspects. The calculations predicted that S, Na2SO4, and CaSO4 additions provided an increase in the nickel grade while FeS and Na2S reduced the nickel grade.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-02-2080
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-02-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-09-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-04-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-01-2020
DOI: 10.3390/MET10010078
Abstract: Ferrous-calcium-silicate (commonly known as FCS) slags are used in the valuable metal recycling from urban ores through both primary and secondary copper smelting processes. In the present study, the structure of selected FCS-MgO (FCSM) and FCS-MgO-Cu2O-PdO (FCSM-Cu2O-PdO) slags, relevant to the processes, were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. Deconvolution of the FTIR spectra was carried out to calculate the relative abundance of different silicate structural units (Qn), the overall degree of polymerization (DOP) of the slags and the oxygen speciation in the FCS slags. It was observed that, for the slag investigated, the relative intensity of both the high-frequency band ≈ 1100 cm−1 (Q3) and low-frequency band ≈ 850 cm−1 (Q0) were affected by Fe/SiO2 ratio, basicity, temperature (T) and oxygen partial pressure (pO2). The DOP and the average number of bridging oxygen (BO) were found to decrease with increasing both Fe/SiO2 ratio and basicity. Improved semi-empirical equations were developed to relate the DOP of the slags with chemistry, process parameters and partitioning ratio (i.e., the ratio of the amount of element in the slag phase to metal phase, also known as distribution ratio) of Pd and Ge. Possible reactions, expressed as reactions between metal cations and silicate species, as a way to evaluate thermodynamic properties, are presented herein.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-08-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2003
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-04-2018
DOI: 10.3390/SU10041096
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-05-2022
DOI: 10.3390/MET12050797
Abstract: The steelmaking process is an energy-intensive multi-stage process, and the step involving the conversion of molten iron to steel, commonly performed in a basic oxygen furnace (BOF), makes an important contribution to greenhouse gas generation. The effective utilization of energy is one of the major challenges in the process, as minor variations of operational parameters can have significant negative effects on the converter in terms of CO2 emissions. A recent study published by the same authors analyzed the BOF process by developing a general mass and energy balance model. The present study utilizes these models to quantify the contribution of global warming potential (GWP) from the BOF and analyses its sensitivity with the parameters such as hot metal composition, the temperature of hot metal, tapping temperature, scrap quantity, and levels of post-combustion. The term GWP in this study refers to the quantified CO2 values obtained by summing up the carbon dioxide associated with the production of CaO associated with the mass of flux and carbon dioxide generated from the off-gas (considering C in hot metal is completely oxidized to CO2). The results from the analysis indicates that for a tapping temperature increase from 1650 °C to 1683 °C, the percentage change in the global warming potential (GWP) was found to be approximately 1%. The study identified that increasing the scrap percentage in the feed would be the most effective approach to effectively utilizing chemical energy from the process and reduce CO2 emissions. However, increasing scrap above 30% of the total feed is likely to raise issues around: (a) the presence of residual elements in scrap affecting the quality of liquid steel, (b) the effective utilization of post-combustion heat within the furnace, and (c) the recovery of off-gas heat for scrap preheating (assuming no steam recovery from the off-gas system). If these issues could be addressed at the industrial level, a significant reduction in CO2 emissions from the BOF process could be achieved.
Publisher: Iron and Steel Institute of Japan
Date: 2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-03-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-08-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-07-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-08-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 15-09-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-07-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-12-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-10-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-12-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-08-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-10-2013
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
Date: 2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-01-2023
DOI: 10.3390/MIN13010079
Abstract: When considering the extraction of metals from lunar regolith for use in space, one reductive method of interest is vacuum thermal dissociation. Given the high vacuum environment on the Moon, the sub-liquidus operation of such a process, i.e., sublimation, warrants investigation. In the current work, the kinetics of the vacuum sublimation of the more volatile major oxides found in the lunar regolith, Na2O, K2O, and FeO, are evaluated. Two distinct factors are accounted for in the current work: the change in the evaporation flux due to temperature and the reduction in available surface area for evaporation due to sintering of the feedstock. Surface area change due to the sintering of compressed LMS-1 regolith simulant pellets was quantified via a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. The surface area of the s les was measured to vary from 3.29 m2/g in the unsintered s le, to 1.04 m2/g in the s les sintered at 800 °C, and down to 0.09 m2/g in the s le sintered at 1150 °C. Evaporation flux was calculated using the Hertz–Knudsen–Langmuir equation using saturated vapor pressures predicted from the FactSage thermochemical package and verified against Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectroscopy data from tests conducted on lunar regolith s le #12022. The combination of these studies resulted in the conclusion that no local maxima in evaporation rate below the melting point was found for the current system, as such the highest rate of sublimation was determined to be 1200 °C for all species, at temperatures of 1200 °C and above, partial melting of the material occurs. The predicted maximum rate of sublimation for the species Fe, Na, and K at 1200 °C was 0.08, 1.38, and 1.02 g/h/g of regolith, respectively. It is noted that significant variation was seen between FactSage predictions of saturated vapor pressures and the measured values. Future work generating detailed thermochemical databases to predict the behavior of complex systems similar in composition to lunar regolith would benefit the accuracy of similar kinetic studies in the future.
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
Date: 2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-01-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 12-2003
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-01-2018
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 24-01-2011
Abstract: In western North America, the current outbreak of the mountain pine beetle (MPB) and its microbial associates has destroyed wide areas of lodgepole pine forest, including more than 16 million hectares in British Columbia. Grosmannia clavigera ( Gc ), a critical component of the outbreak, is a symbiont of the MPB and a pathogen of pine trees. To better understand the interactions between Gc , MPB, and lodgepole pine hosts, we sequenced the ∼30-Mb Gc genome and assembled it into 18 supercontigs. We predict 8,314 protein-coding genes, and support the gene models with proteome, expressed sequence tag, and RNA-seq data. We establish that Gc is heterothallic, and report evidence for repeat-induced point mutation. We report insights, from genome and transcriptome analyses, into how Gc tolerates conifer-defense chemicals, including oleoresin terpenoids, as they colonize a host tree. RNA-seq data indicate that terpenoids induce a substantial antimicrobial stress in Gc , and suggest that the fungus may detoxify these chemicals by using them as a carbon source. Terpenoid treatment strongly activated a ∼100-kb region of the Gc genome that contains a set of genes that may be important for detoxification of these host-defense chemicals. This work is a major step toward understanding the biological interactions between the tripartite MPB/fungus/forest system.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-02-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-08-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2027
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
Date: 2023
Publisher: ASME International
Date: 22-09-2021
DOI: 10.1115/1.4052080
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2006
DOI: 10.1007/BF02735032
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-07-2011
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE10351
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-06-2022
DOI: 10.3390/MET12060992
Abstract: Generated droplets in a basic oxygen furnace (BOF) process create an interfacial area between metal and slag/emulsion that helps in heat transfer during different stages of the blowing period. Previous studies have developed extensive models to understand bloating behavior and overall refining kinetics contributed by the droplets in a BOF process. Except for the recent study on single droplet heat transfer by the current authors, no studies in the open literature have addressed the heat transfer contributed by droplets in a BOF. The present work is an extension of single droplet heat transfer, wherein a global droplet heat transfer model is developed by integrating kinetic and dynamic aspects of generated droplets during the blowing period. The model was developed based on previous chemical kinetic studies and input values from plant trials. The results from the global droplet heat transfer model are integrated into the overall zone heat balance calculations to predict the temperature evolution profile of hot spot, slag, and hot metal zones during the blowing period. The results highlight that the hot spot temperature ranges from 1900 °C to 2090 °C, with a peak value of around 2300 °C observed during the middle of the blow. Furthermore, computing the overall droplet heat transfer efficiency, it was observed that the droplets transfer 90% of the heat to the slag up to the first 10 min of the blow, and then the heat transfer efficiency drops towards the end of the blow.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2014
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.1112.481
Abstract: The present paper discusses the challenges both from the technical and non-technical point of views in unlocking alternative resources of lower grade and above ground (urban) metal ores. The lower concentration of the targeted metals and more complex composition of these alternative sources provide challenges in processing and recovering all the valuable metals. There is limited thermodynamic information and the lack of understanding of the behavior of the elements during processing. A comprehensive approach addressing both the technical and non-technical barriers need to be applied for maximizing the resource efficiency and wealth generation. A number of ex les on innovation for processing alternative resources developed in the author’s laboratory are also discussed. These include the electrically enhanced boron impurities removal from metallurgical grade silicon and selective sulfidation to remove chrome spinels (such as chromite FeCr 2 O 4 ) impurities from weathered ilmenite (FeTiO 3 ).
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-03-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-06-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEST.2016.10.007
Abstract: Harnessing the immune system to fight cancer is an exciting advancement in lung cancer therapy. Antitumor immunity can be augmented by checkpoint blockade therapy, which removes the inhibition/brakes imposed on the immune system by the tumor. Checkpoint blockade therapy with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1)/anti-programmed death ligand 1 (anti-PDL-1) antibodies causes tumor regression in about 25% of patients with lung cancer. In another approach, the immune system is forced or accelerated to attack the tumor through augmentation of the antitumor response against mutations carried by each lung tumor. This latter approach has become feasible since the advent of next-generation sequencing technology, which allows identification of the specific mutations that each in idual lung tumor bears. Indeed lung cancers are now known to have high mutation rates, making them logical targets for mutation-directed immune therapies. We review how sequencing of lung cancer mutations leads to better understanding of how the immune system recognizes tumors, providing improved opportunities to track antitumor immunity and ultimately leading to the development of personalized vaccine strategies aimed at unleashing the host immune system to attack mutations in the tumor.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2018
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-03-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-02-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-10-2022
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
Date: 2023
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2016
Publisher: Iron and Steel Institute of Japan
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-08-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-04-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 15-09-2016
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-09-2022
DOI: 10.3390/MIN12101252
Abstract: The removal of chromium-containing impurities, such as chrome spinel (ZCr2O4 where Z = Fe, Mg, Mn) from ilmenite (FeTiO3) concentrates through selective sulphidation, has been investigated by the authors. Laboratory experimental studies using sulphur added to ilmenite concentrates under Becher-type reduction conditions showed it is possible to selectively sulphidise chrome spinels from different ilmenite deposits. In this paper, processes to remove the sulphidised chrome spinels from the bulk ilmenite concentrates were investigated using flotation and magnetic separation techniques. Clustering or fusing of the reduced ilmenite (RI) and sulphidised chrome spinel grains was found to have a detrimental effect on flotation performance and made it difficult to have clear separation. A light wet grind was effective for breaking the clustering, but it caused the sulphide rim to spall off from chrome spinel surfaces, which reduces flotation efficiency. The preliminary results obtained after a magnetic separation (0.7 A) of a demetallised sulphidised RI s le show that the sulphidised chrome spinels preferentially report to the magnetic fraction. Additional magnetic separation of the non-magnetic fraction at a lower current (0.3 A) improved the recovery of sulphidised chrome spinels. The demetallisation process followed by a magnetic separation provided insights into a potential route for the removal of chrome spinels from reduced ilmenite concentrates. These two steps simulate the aeration stage of the Becher process. Further studies are required to optimise the process parameters.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-05-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.3390/PR11051506
Abstract: Due to growing concern over environmental impacts and the pressure to lower carbon footprints in the metals industry, hydrogen (H2) has gained attention as a promising alternative for the replacement of carbon as a reductant and fuel. This paper evaluates the potential use of hydrogen as an energy source and reducing agent during the processing of waste printed circuit boards (waste PCBs) from e-waste through black copper smelting. The effect of the use of carbon and hydrogen during the reduction–oxidation process was analysed and compared from the perspective of thermodynamics and heat balance. The thermodynamic analyses of waste-PCB processing were carried out using the FactSage thermochemical package for the smelting process at temperatures from 1473 K to 1673 K (1200–1400 °C). The results show that the CO2 emissions can be reduced by 73% when hydrogen is used as the reducing agent. A minimum of 10 wt% of waste PCBs in the feed material can be used to replace the necessary carbon to supply heat for the reduction process. The addition of waste PCBs can increase the volume of slag and affect the composition of the off gas.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-03-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-07-2012
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE11252
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-09-2022
DOI: 10.3390/MIN12101253
Abstract: The presence of Ca-ferrite and silico-ferrite-of-calcium-and-aluminium (SFCA) bonding phases is thought to be crucial to maintain sinter quality due to their high reducibility and strength levels. However, new evidence suggests that porosity might be an equally important factor controlling reducibility, in addition to mineralogy. This work aims to fundamentally understand the development of porosity in simple sinter analogues from the Fe2O3-(Fe3O4)-CaO-SiO2 (FCS) ternary system (with no SFCA), and to connect results back to overall sinter mineralogy, strength, and reducibility properties. Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to simulate the sintering process by firing tablets of magnetite, hematite, lime and silica mixtures under tightly controlled temperature, holding time and atmosphere conditions. Mineralogy of the fired s les was observed using microscopy techniques, porosity was measured by Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP), strength was determined using laboratory-scale tumble index equipment and reducibility was measured by the weight loss obtained after reaction of the tablets in a reducing atmosphere of CO/N2. The results confirmed that reducibility is strongly influenced by porosity, and highly reducible sinters can be produced without forming SFCA-like phases. Magnetite-containing s les had similar reducibility to hematite-containing s les, suggesting that magnetite-based sinters could potentially be used in the blast furnace.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-02-2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-11-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-12-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-03-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-07-2021
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2013
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
Date: 2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-10-2017
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2024
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Date: 24-01-2014
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
Date: 2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-07-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S11663-022-02593-4
Abstract: Electronic waste (E-waste) is considered as a hazardous material, however, it also contains valuable elements, including gallium (Ga). E-waste can be processed through the black copper smelting to recover these valuable elements. However, the detailed thermodynamics behavior of many of the valuable elements during black copper smelting has not been studied comprehensively. This study aims to investigate the thermodynamics of Ga in copper and slag at black copper smelting conditions. High-temperature equilibrium experiments were carried out to measure the distribution ratio of Ga in Fe 2 O 3 –CaO–SiO 2 slag and copper at temperature range of 1300 °C to 1450 °C (1573 K to 1723 K) and partial pressure of oxygen ( p O2 ) of 10 –6 to 10 –11 atm. The effect of Fe T /SiO 2 ratio and basicity (measured as CaO/SiO 2 ) of the slag on the distribution ratio of Ga were also investigated. The partitioning of Ga into the copper phase was found to increase with decreasing oxygen partial pressure, and with increasing temperature, Fe T /SiO 2 ratio and basicity. The study revealed that a basic slag at higher temperature and at a reducing atmosphere was favorable to increase Ga partitioning to the copper.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-06-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-02-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE12113
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 07-2011
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.693.149
Abstract: Control of impurity elements in Al-based alloys is of increasing technological importance, both in primary and secondary alloy production. In primary alloy production, Ni and V concentrations in the coke are rising and this is increasing the level of impurities in the final products to the extent that they are out of specification. Impurity control is also of concern in recycling due to the pickup of elements such as Fe from contaminants in the scrap, which can detrimentally affect the alloy properties. Dissolved elemental impurities can be removed by a number of different processes including boron treatment for some of the transition metals. Other processes in the cast shop for removing impurities and inclusions from Al melts include fluxing, floatation, and filtration. Gas purging, vacuum treatment, filtration, the use of salts, and combinations of these presently find commercial applications. Ultra purity Al and its alloys can be obtained using zone refining and three-layer electrolysis methods. The demand for higher purity Al has been largely met by additional electrolytic refining processes. This paper reviews the tools that are currently available to the casthouse for removing impurities and inclusions from Al melts and suggests approaches that may be useful to meet future challenges.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2019
Start Date: 08-2022
End Date: 07-2023
Amount: $320,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 07-2021
End Date: 06-2026
Amount: $5,000,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity