ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8982-824X
Current Organisation
University of Southampton
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2011
DOI: 10.1890/09-2195.1
Abstract: To inform the design and implementation of land-use policies that consider the variety of goods and services people derive from ecosystems, it is essential to understand spatial patterns of in idual services, how multiple services relate to each other, and how these relationships vary across spatial scales and localities. Despite the importance of freshwater as a determinant of regional economic and human demographic patterns, there are surprisingly few studies that map the provision of a range of services associated with the quality of the aquatic environment. Here we examine relationships between indicators of riverine water and associated habitat quality, freshwater bio ersity, three terrestrial ecosystem services, and terrestrial bio ersity across England and Wales. The results indicate strong associations between our indicators of freshwater services. However, a comparison of these indicators of freshwater services with other ecosystem services (carbon storage, agricultural production, recreation) and bio ersity of species of conservation concern in the surrounding terrestrial landscape shows no clear relationships. While there are potential policy "win-wins" for the protection of multiple services shown by associations between indicators of freshwater services and carbon storage in upland areas of Britain, the other ecosystem services showed either negative or no relationships with the indicators of freshwater services. We also consider the influence that spatial scale has on these relationships using River Basin Districts. Our results indicate that relationships between indicators of services can change dramatically depending on the societal pressures and other regional conditions. Thus, the delivery of multiple ecosystem services requires the development of regional strategies, or of national strategies that take account of regional variation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-07-2021
Abstract: The stress‐gradient hypothesis (SGH) provides a conceptual framework for explaining how environmental context determines the nature of biotic interactions. It may be also useful for predicting geographic variability in the effect of management interventions on biological invasions. We aimed to test hypotheses consistent with the SGH to explain context dependency in bamboo invasion of secondary forests in Japan, and establish a predictive understanding of forest management impacts on invasion. We use a priori physiological knowledge of invasive giant bamboo, Phyllostachys bambusoides , to generate hypotheses consistent with the SGH. We modelled variation in giant bamboo occupancy within 810 secondary forest plots across the broad environmental gradients of Japan using a national vegetation database. Consistent with the SGH, we find that the effect of tree canopy cover on bamboo occupancy depends on interactions between solar radiation and mean annual temperature. In cool regions with high solar radiation—stressful conditions for bamboo—shade cast by dense canopies facilitates invasion. However, in warmer regions that are more benign, dense canopies tend to inhibit spread via competition for light, space and other resources. Synthesis and applications . We provide evidence that the stress‐gradient hypothesis can inform practical recommendations for invasive species control. We characterised geographic variability in the effect of forest thinning, a widespread management intervention used to enhance forest bio ersity, on the risk of bamboo spread into secondary forests in Japan. Thinning forest canopies to increase understorey light radiation should limit bamboo spread in cooler regions, while tree planting to increase canopy shade should limit bamboo spread in warmer regions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-07-2011
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 06-12-2019
Abstract: Habitat fragmentation caused by human activities has consequences for the distribution and movement of organisms. Betts et al. present a global analysis of how exposure to habitat fragmentation affects the composition of ecological communities (see the Perspective by Hargreaves). In a dataset consisting of 4489 animal species, regions that historically experienced little disturbance tended to harbor a higher proportion of species vulnerable to fragmentation. Species in more frequently disturbed regions were more resilient. High-latitude areas historically experienced more disturbance and harbor more resilient species, which suggests that extinction has removed fragmentation-sensitive species. Thus, conservation efforts to limit fragmentation are particularly important in the tropics. Science , this issue p. 1236 see also p. 1196
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-12-2012
DOI: 10.1111/ELE.12054
Abstract: Climate change is leading to the development of land-based mitigation and adaptation strategies that are likely to have substantial impacts on global bio ersity. Of these, approaches to maintain carbon within existing natural ecosystems could have particularly large benefits for bio ersity. However, the geographical distributions of terrestrial carbon stocks and bio ersity differ. Using conservation planning analyses for the New World and Britain, we conclude that a carbon-only strategy would not be effective at conserving bio ersity, as have previous studies. Nonetheless, we find that a combined carbon-bio ersity strategy could simultaneously protect 90% of carbon stocks (relative to a carbon-only conservation strategy) and > 90% of the bio ersity (relative to a bio ersity-only strategy) in both regions. This combined approach encapsulates the principle of complementarity, whereby locations that contain different sets of species are prioritised, and hence disproportionately safeguard localised species that are not protected effectively by carbon-only strategies. It is efficient because localised species are concentrated into small parts of the terrestrial land surface, whereas carbon is somewhat more evenly distributed and carbon stocks protected in one location are equivalent to those protected elsewhere. Efficient compromises can only be achieved when bio ersity and carbon are incorporated together within a spatial planning process.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 09-03-2011
Abstract: Alteration in land use is likely to be a major driver of changes in the distribution of ecosystem services before 2050. In Europe, urbanization will probably be the main cause of land-use change. This increase in urbanization will result in spatial shifts in both supplies of ecosystem services and the beneficiaries of those services the net outcome of such shifts remains to be determined. Here, we model changes in urban land cover in Britain based on large (16%) projected increases in the human population by 2031, and the consequences for three different services—flood mitigation, agricultural production and carbon storage. We show that under a scenario of densification of urban areas, the combined effect of increasing population and loss of permeable surfaces is likely to result in 1.7 million people living within 1 km of rivers with at least 10 per cent increases in projected peak flows, but that increasing suburban ‘sprawl’ will have little effect on flood mitigation services. Conversely, losses of stored carbon and agricultural production are over three times as high under the sprawl as under the ‘densification’ urban growth scenarios. Our results illustrate the challenges of meeting, but also of predicting, future demands and patterns of ecosystem services in the face of increasing urbanization.
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 27-05-2009
Abstract: The hope among policy-makers and scientists alike is that conservation strategies designed to protect bio ersity also provide direct benefits to people by protecting other vital ecosystem services. The few studies that have examined the delivery of ecosystem services by existing conservation efforts have concentrated on large, ‘wilderness’-style bio ersity reserves. However, such reserves are not realistic options for densely populated regions. Here, we provide the first analyses that compare representation of bio ersity and three other ecosystem services across several contrasting conservation strategies in a human-dominated landscape (England). We show that small protected areas and protected landscapes (restrictive zoning) deliver high carbon storage and bio ersity, while existing incentive payment (agri-environment) schemes target areas that offer little advantage over other parts of England in terms of bio ersity, carbon storage and agricultural production. A fourth ecosystem service—recreation—is under-represented by all three strategies. Our findings are encouraging as they illustrate that restrictive zoning can play a major role in protecting natural capital assets in densely populated regions. However, trade-offs exist even among the four ecosystem services we considered, suggesting that a portfolio of conservation and sustainability investments will be needed to deliver both bio ersity and the other ecosystem services demanded by society.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-12-2021
DOI: 10.1002/PAN3.10172
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 22-08-2012
Abstract: The symposium ‘What is Macroecology?’ was held in London on 20 June 2012. The event was the inaugural meeting of the Macroecology Special Interest Group of the British Ecological Society and was attended by nearly 100 scientists from 11 countries. The meeting reviewed the recent development of the macroecological agenda. The key themes that emerged were a shift towards more explicit modelling of ecological processes, a growing synthesis across systems and scales, and new opportunities to apply macroecological concepts in other research fields.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-01-2018
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-08-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-03-2014
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.1036
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2011
DOI: 10.1890/10-1865.1
Abstract: Pressure on ecosystems to provide various different and often conflicting services is immense and likely to increase. The impacts and success of conservation prioritization will be enhanced if the needs of competing land uses are recognized at the planning stage. We develop such methods and illustrate them with data about competing land uses in Great Britain, with the aim of developing a conservation priority ranking that balances between needs of bio ersity conservation, carbon storage, agricultural value, and urban development potential. While both carbon stocks and bio ersity are desirable features from the point of view of conservation, they compete with the needs of agriculture and urban development. In Britain the greatest conflicts exist between bio ersity and urban areas, while the largest carbon stocks occur mostly in Scotland in areas with low agricultural or urban pressure. In our application, we were able successfully to balance the spatial allocation of alternative land uses so that conflicts between them were much smaller than had they been developed separately. The proposed methods and software, Zonation, are applicable to structurally similar prioritization problems globally.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-09-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2021
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Felix Eigenbrod.