ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9033-0171
Current Organisation
Royal Holloway University of London
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2007
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-12-2020
DOI: 10.1111/GEB.13244
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-12-2018
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-03-2016
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS11109
Abstract: There is considerable evidence that bio ersity promotes multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality), thus ensuring the delivery of ecosystem services important for human well-being. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood, especially in natural ecosystems. We develop a novel approach to partition bio ersity effects on multifunctionality into three mechanisms and apply this to European forest data. We show that throughout Europe, tree ersity is positively related with multifunctionality when moderate levels of functioning are required, but negatively when very high function levels are desired. For two well-known mechanisms, ‘complementarity’ and ‘selection’, we detect only minor effects on multifunctionality. Instead a third, so far overlooked mechanism, the ‘jack-of-all-trades’ effect, caused by the averaging of in idual species effects on function, drives observed patterns. Simulations demonstrate that jack-of-all-trades effects occur whenever species effects on different functions are not perfectly correlated, meaning they may contribute to ersity–multifunctionality relationships in many of the world’s ecosystems.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-04-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-07-2021
DOI: 10.1111/CONL.12829
Abstract: As of 2020, the world has an estimated 290 million ha of planted forests and this number is continuously increasing. Of these, 131 million ha are monospecific planted forests under intensive management. Although monospecific planted forests are important in providing timber, they harbor less bio ersity and are potentially more susceptible to disturbances than natural or erse planted forests. Here, we point out the increasing scientific evidence for increased resilience and ecosystem service provision of functionally and species erse planted forests (hereafter referred to as erse planted forests) compared to monospecific ones. Furthermore, we propose five concrete steps to foster the adoption of erse planted forests: (1) improve awareness of benefits and practical options of erse planted forests among land‐owners, managers, and investors (2) incentivize tree species ersity in public funding of afforestation and programs to ersify current maladapted planted forests of low ersity (3) develop new wood‐based products that can be derived from many different tree species not yet in use (4) invest in research to assess landscape benefits of erse planted forests for functional connectivity and resilience to global‐change threats and (5) improve the evidence base on erse planted forests, in particular in currently under‐represented regions, where new options could be tested.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: Ubiquity Press, Ltd.
Date: 18-03-2020
DOI: 10.5334/CSTP.267
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1002/ECS2.4342
Abstract: Synthesis research in ecology and environmental science improves understanding, advances theory, identifies research priorities, and supports management strategies by linking data, ideas, and tools. Accelerating environmental challenges increases the need to focus synthesis science on the most pressing questions. To leverage input from the broader research community, we convened a virtual workshop with participants from many countries and disciplines to examine how and where synthesis can address key questions and themes in ecology and environmental science in the coming decade. Seven priority research topics emerged: (1) ersity, equity, inclusion, and justice (DEIJ), (2) human and natural systems, (3) actionable and use‐inspired science, (4) scale, (5) generality, (6) complexity and resilience, and (7) predictability. Additionally, two issues regarding the general practice of synthesis emerged: the need for increased participant ersity and inclusive research practices and increased and improved data flow, access, and skill‐building. These topics and practices provide a strategic vision for future synthesis in ecology and environmental science.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2021
Abstract: 1. To be effective, the next generation of conservation practitioners and managers need to be critical thinkers with a deep understanding of how to make evidence‐based decisions and of the value of evidence synthesis. 2. If, as educators, we do not make these priorities a core part of what we teach, we are failing to prepare our students to make an effective contribution to conservation practice. 3. To help overcome this problem we have created open access online teaching materials in multiple languages that are stored in Applied Ecology Resources. So far, 117 educators from 23 countries have acknowledged the importance of this and are already teaching or about to teach skills in appraising or using evidence in conservation decision‐making. This includes 145 undergraduate, postgraduate or professional development courses. 4. We call for wider teaching of the tools and skills that facilitate evidence‐based conservation and also suggest that providing online teaching materials in multiple languages could be beneficial for improving global understanding of other subject areas.
Publisher: California Digital Library (CDL)
Date: 03-04-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-04-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S12915-022-01485-Y
Abstract: Collaborative efforts to directly replicate empirical studies in the medical and social sciences have revealed alarmingly low rates of replicability, a phenomenon dubbed the ‘replication crisis’. Poor replicability has spurred cultural changes targeted at improving reliability in these disciplines. Given the absence of equivalent replication projects in ecology and evolutionary biology, two inter-related indicators offer the opportunity to retrospectively assess replicability: publication bias and statistical power. This registered report assesses the prevalence and severity of small-study (i.e., smaller studies reporting larger effect sizes) and decline effects (i.e., effect sizes decreasing over time) across ecology and evolutionary biology using 87 meta-analyses comprising 4,250 primary studies and 17,638 effect sizes. Further, we estimate how publication bias might distort the estimation of effect sizes, statistical power, and errors in magnitude (Type M or exaggeration ratio) and sign (Type S). We show strong evidence for the pervasiveness of both small-study and decline effects in ecology and evolution. There was widespread prevalence of publication bias that resulted in meta-analytic means being over-estimated by (at least) 0.12 standard deviations. The prevalence of publication bias distorted confidence in meta-analytic results, with 66% of initially statistically significant meta-analytic means becoming non-significant after correcting for publication bias. Ecological and evolutionary studies consistently had low statistical power (15%) with a 4-fold exaggeration of effects on average (Type M error rates = 4.4). Notably, publication bias reduced power from 23% to 15% and increased type M error rates from 2.7 to 4.4 because it creates a non-random s le of effect size evidence. The sign errors of effect sizes (Type S error) increased from 5% to 8% because of publication bias. Our research provides clear evidence that many published ecological and evolutionary findings are inflated. Our results highlight the importance of designing high-power empirical studies (e.g., via collaborative team science), promoting and encouraging replication studies, testing and correcting for publication bias in meta-analyses, and adopting open and transparent research practices, such as (pre)registration, data- and code-sharing, and transparent reporting.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.8709
Abstract: Urbanization is an important driver of the ersity and abundance of tree‐associated insect herbivores, but its consequences for insect herbivory are poorly understood. A likely source of variability among studies is the insufficient consideration of intra‐urban variability in forest cover. With the help of citizen scientists, we investigated the independent and interactive effects of local canopy cover and percentage of impervious surface on insect herbivory in the pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur L.) throughout most of its geographic range in Europe. We found that the damage caused by chewing insect herbivores as well as the incidence of leaf‐mining and gall‐inducing herbivores consistently decreased with increasing impervious surface around focal oaks. Herbivory by chewing herbivores increased with increasing forest cover, regardless of impervious surface. In contrast, an increase in local canopy cover buffered the negative effect of impervious surface on leaf miners and strengthened its effect on gall inducers. These results show that—just like in non‐urban areas—plant–herbivore interactions in cities are structured by a complex set of interacting factors. This highlights that local habitat characteristics within cities have the potential to attenuate or modify the effect of impervious surfaces on biotic interactions.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-05-2021
DOI: 10.1111/BRV.12721
Abstract: Since the early 1990s, ecologists and evolutionary biologists have aggregated primary research using meta‐analytic methods to understand ecological and evolutionary phenomena. Meta‐analyses can resolve long‐standing disputes, dispel spurious claims, and generate new research questions. At their worst, however, meta‐analysis publications are wolves in sheep's clothing: subjective with biased conclusions, hidden under coats of objective authority. Conclusions can be rendered unreliable by inappropriate statistical methods, problems with the methods used to select primary research, or problems within the primary research itself. Because of these risks, meta‐analyses are increasingly conducted as part of systematic reviews, which use structured, transparent, and reproducible methods to collate and summarise evidence. For readers to determine whether the conclusions from a systematic review or meta‐analysis should be trusted – and to be able to build upon the review – authors need to report what they did, why they did it, and what they found. Complete, transparent, and reproducible reporting is measured by ‘reporting quality’. To assess perceptions and standards of reporting quality of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses published in ecology and evolutionary biology, we surveyed 208 researchers with relevant experience (as authors, reviewers, or editors), and conducted detailed evaluations of 102 systematic review and meta‐analysis papers published between 2010 and 2019. Reporting quality was far below optimal and approximately normally distributed. Measured reporting quality was lower than what the community perceived, particularly for the systematic review methods required to measure trustworthiness. The minority of assessed papers that referenced a guideline (~16%) showed substantially higher reporting quality than average, and surveyed researchers showed interest in using a reporting guideline to improve reporting quality. The leading guideline for improving reporting quality of systematic reviews is the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Here we unveil an extension of PRISMA to serve the meta‐analysis community in ecology and evolutionary biology: PRISMA‐EcoEvo (version 1.0). PRISMA‐EcoEvo is a checklist of 27 main items that, when applicable, should be reported in systematic review and meta‐analysis publications summarising primary research in ecology and evolutionary biology. In this explanation and elaboration document, we provide guidance for authors, reviewers, and editors, with explanations for each item on the checklist, including supplementary ex les from published papers. Authors can consult this PRISMA‐EcoEvo guideline both in the planning and writing stages of a systematic review and meta‐analysis, to increase reporting quality of submitted manuscripts. Reviewers and editors can use the checklist to assess reporting quality in the manuscripts they review. Overall, PRISMA‐EcoEvo is a resource for the ecology and evolutionary biology community to facilitate transparent and comprehensively reported systematic reviews and meta‐analyses.
Publisher: California Digital Library (CDL)
Date: 17-04-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-09-2017
DOI: 10.1111/ELE.12849
Abstract: The importance of bio ersity in supporting ecosystem functioning is generally well accepted. However, most evidence comes from small-scale studies, and scaling-up patterns of bio ersity-ecosystem functioning (B-EF) remains challenging, in part because the importance of environmental factors in shaping B-EF relations is poorly understood. Using a forest research platform in which 26 ecosystem functions were measured along gradients of tree species richness in six regions across Europe, we investigated the extent and the potential drivers of context dependency of B-EF relations. Despite considerable variation in species richness effects across the continent, we found a tendency for stronger B-EF relations in drier climates as well as in areas with longer growing seasons and more functionally erse tree species. The importance of water availability in driving context dependency suggests that as water limitation increases under climate change, bio ersity may become even more important to support high levels of functioning in European forests.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 21-07-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.TREE.2007.07.008
Abstract: Double-blind peer review, in which neither author nor reviewer identity are revealed, is rarely practised in ecology or evolution journals. However, in 2001, double-blind review was introduced by the journal Behavioral Ecology. Following this policy change, there was a significant increase in female first-authored papers, a pattern not observed in a very similar journal that provides reviewers with author information. No negative effects could be identified, suggesting that double-blind review should be considered by other journals.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-11-2017
DOI: 10.1111/ELE.12868
Abstract: Humans require multiple services from ecosystems, but it is largely unknown whether trade-offs between ecosystem functions prevent the realisation of high ecosystem multifunctionality across spatial scales. Here, we combined a comprehensive dataset (28 ecosystem functions measured on 209 forest plots) with a forest inventory dataset (105,316 plots) to extrapolate and map relationships between various ecosystem multifunctionality measures across Europe. These multifunctionality measures reflected different management objectives, related to timber production, climate regulation and bio ersity conservation/recreation. We found that trade-offs among them were rare across Europe, at both local and continental scales. This suggests a high potential for 'win-win' forest management strategies, where overall multifunctionality is maximised. However, across sites, multifunctionality was on average 45.8-49.8% below maximum levels and not necessarily highest in protected areas. Therefore, using one of the most comprehensive assessments so far, our study suggests a high but largely unrealised potential for management to promote multifunctional forests.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.TREE.2016.07.002
Abstract: To make progress scientists need to know what other researchers have found and how they found it. However, transparency is often insufficient across much of ecology and evolution. Researchers often fail to report results and methods in detail sufficient to permit interpretation and meta-analysis, and many results go entirely unreported. Further, these unreported results are often a biased subset. Thus the conclusions we can draw from the published literature are themselves often biased and sometimes might be entirely incorrect. Fortunately there is a movement across empirical disciplines, and now within ecology and evolution, to shape editorial policies to better promote transparency. This can be done by either requiring more disclosure by scientists or by developing incentives to encourage disclosure.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 12-09-2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-10-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-08-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S13280-015-0685-1
Abstract: The area of forest plantations is increasing worldwide helping to meet timber demand and protect natural forests. However, with global change, monospecific plantations are increasingly vulnerable to abiotic and biotic disturbances. As an adaption measure we need to move to plantations that are more erse in genotypes, species, and structure, with a design underpinned by science. TreeDivNet, a global network of tree ersity experiments, responds to this need by assessing the advantages and disadvantages of mixed species plantations. The network currently consists of 18 experiments, distributed over 36 sites and five ecoregions. With plantations 1–15 years old, TreeDivNet can already provide relevant data for forest policy and management. In this paper, we highlight some early results on the carbon sequestration and pest resistance potential of more erse plantations. Finally, suggestions are made for new, innovative experiments in understudied regions to complement the existing network.
Publisher: California Digital Library (CDL)
Date: 12-09-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE25753
Abstract: Meta-analysis is the quantitative, scientific synthesis of research results. Since the term and modern approaches to research synthesis were first introduced in the 1970s, meta-analysis has had a revolutionary effect in many scientific fields, helping to establish evidence-based practice and to resolve seemingly contradictory research outcomes. At the same time, its implementation has engendered criticism and controversy, in some cases general and others specific to particular disciplines. Here we take the opportunity provided by the recent fortieth anniversary of meta-analysis to reflect on the accomplishments, limitations, recent advances and directions for future developments in the field of research synthesis.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-06-2021
Abstract: Well‐conducted systematic reviews are invaluable for synthesising research findings. The conclusions of a review depend on how the research question was formulated, how relevant studies were found and how studies were selected for synthesis. Here, we present a practical guide for ecologists and evolutionary biologists on formulating a question for a systematic review, and finding a representative s le of research findings. We explain the steps involved using a worked ex le and practical training exercises. Throughout this guide we share tricks of the trade, included rules of thumb and software that we have found useful. We hope our paper helps demystify the systematic search process and encourages more researchers to adopt a systematic and reproducible approach when searching the literature.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-08-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41559-019-0973-4
Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-06-2014
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 15-03-2016
Abstract: Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of bio ersity in maintaining multiple ecosystem functions and services (multifunctionality) at local spatial scales, but it is unknown whether similar relationships are found at larger spatial scales in real-world landscapes. Here, we show, for the first time to our knowledge, that bio ersity can also be important for multifunctionality at larger spatial scales in European forest landscapes. Both high local (α-) ersity and a high turnover in species composition between locations (high β- ersity) were found to be potentially important drivers of ecosystem multifunctionality. Our study provides evidence that it is important to conserve the landscape-scale bio ersity that is being eroded by biotic homogenization if ecosystem multifunctionality is to be maintained.
Publisher: California Digital Library (CDL)
Date: 12-05-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-09-2019
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.5627
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-03-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12915-020-0755-0
Abstract: Research synthesis is the process of bringing together findings and attributes from different publications, for ex le, to give a more complete description of phenomena than is usually possible in a single work. We bring the Research Synthesis Series to BMC Biology to promote meta-analyses, other research syntheses including meta-research studies, and research synthesis methodologies in biology, facilitating their dissemination to broader communities.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-03-2022
DOI: 10.1002/ECY.3639
Abstract: The construction of shelters on plants by arthropods might influence other organisms via changes in colonization, community richness, species composition, and functionality. Arthropods, including beetles, caterpillars, sawflies, spiders, and wasps often interact with host plants via the construction of shelters, building a variety of structures such as leaf ties, tents, rolls, and bags leaf and stem galls, and hollowed out stems. Such constructs might have both an adaptive value in terms of protection (i.e., serve as shelters) but may also exert a strong influence on terrestrial community ersity in the engineered and neighboring hosts via colonization by secondary occupants. Although different traits of the host plant (e.g., physical, chemical, and architectural features) may affect the potential for ecosystem engineering by insects, such effects have been, to a certain degree, overlooked. Further analyses of how plant traits affect the occurrence of shelters may therefore enrich our understanding of the organizing principles of plant‐based communities. This data set includes more than 1000 unique records of ecosystem engineering by arthropods, in the form of structures built on plants. All records have been published in the literature, and span both natural structures (91% of the records) and structures artificially created by researchers (9% of the records). The data were gathered between 1932 and 2021, across more than 50 countries and several ecosystems, ranging from polar to tropical zones. In addition to data on host plants and engineers, we aggregated data on the type of constructs and the identity of inquilines using these structures. This data set highlights the importance of these subtle structures for the organization of terrestrial arthropod communities, enabling hypotheses testing in ecological studies addressing ecosystem engineering and facilitation mediated by constructs. There are no copyright restrictions and please cite this paper when using the data in publications.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2007
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-11-2022
Abstract: Publication bias threatens the validity of quantitative evidence from meta‐analyses as it results in some findings being overrepresented in meta‐analytic datasets because they are published more frequently or sooner (e.g. ‘positive’ results). Unfortunately, methods to test for the presence of publication bias, or assess its impact on meta‐analytic results, are unsuitable for datasets with high heterogeneity and non‐independence, as is common in ecology and evolutionary biology. We first review both classic and emerging publication bias tests (e.g. funnel plots, Egger's regression, cumulative meta‐analysis, fail‐safe N , trim‐and‐fill tests, p ‐curve and selection models), showing that some tests cannot handle heterogeneity, and, more importantly, none of the methods can deal with non‐independence. For each method, we estimate current usage in ecology and evolutionary biology, based on a representative s le of 102 meta‐analyses published in the last 10 years. Then, we propose a new method using multilevel meta‐regression, which can model both heterogeneity and non‐independence, by extending existing regression‐based methods (i.e. Egger's regression). We describe how our multilevel meta‐regression can test not only publication bias, but also time‐lag bias, and how it can be supplemented by residual funnel plots. Overall, we provide ecologists and evolutionary biologists with practical recommendations on which methods are appropriate to employ given independent and non‐independent effect sizes. No method is ideal, and more simulation studies are required to understand how Type 1 and Type 2 error rates are impacted by complex data structures. Still, the limitations of these methods do not justify ignoring publication bias in ecological and evolutionary meta‐analyses.
Publisher: Open Book Publishers
Date: 06-12-2022
DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0321.12
Abstract: Delivering a revolution in evidence use requires a cultural change across society. For a wide range of groups (practitioners, knowledge brokers, organisations, organisational leaders, policy makers, funders, researchers, journal publishers, the wider conservation community, educators, writers, and journalists), options are described to facilitate a change in practice, and a series of downloadable checklists are provided.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-05-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41559-018-0545-Z
Abstract: Peer review is widely considered fundamental to maintaining the rigour of science, but it often fails to ensure transparency and reduce bias in published papers, and this systematically weakens the quality of published inferences. In part, this is because many reviewers are unaware of important questions to ask with respect to the soundness of the design and analyses, and the presentation of the methods and results also some reviewers may expect others to be responsible for these tasks. We therefore present a reviewers' checklist of ten questions that address these critical components. Checklists are commonly used by practitioners of other complex tasks, and we see great potential for the wider adoption of checklists for peer review, especially to reduce bias and facilitate transparency in published papers. We expect that such checklists will be well received by many reviewers.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-03-2022
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.16150
Abstract: Current climate change is disrupting biotic interactions and eroding bio ersity worldwide. However, species sensitive to aridity, high temperatures, and climate variability might find shelter in microclimatic refuges, such as leaf rolls built by arthropods. To explore how the importance of leaf shelters for terrestrial arthropods changes with latitude, elevation, and climate, we conducted a distributed experiment comparing arthropods in leaf rolls versus control leaves across 52 sites along an 11,790 km latitudinal gradient. We then probed the impact of short- versus long-term climatic impacts on roll use, by comparing the relative impact of conditions during the experiment versus average, baseline conditions at the site. Leaf shelters supported larger organisms and higher arthropod biomass and species ersity than non-rolled control leaves. However, the magnitude of the leaf rolls' effect differed between long- and short-term climate conditions, metrics (species richness, biomass, and body size), and trophic groups (predators vs. herbivores). The effect of leaf rolls on predator richness was influenced only by baseline climate, increasing in magnitude in regions experiencing increased long-term aridity, regardless of latitude, elevation, and weather during the experiment. This suggests that shelter use by predators may be innate, and thus, driven by natural selection. In contrast, the effect of leaf rolls on predator biomass and predator body size decreased with increasing temperature, and increased with increasing precipitation, respectively, during the experiment. The magnitude of shelter usage by herbivores increased with the abundance of predators and decreased with increasing temperature during the experiment. Taken together, these results highlight that leaf roll use may have both proximal and ultimate causes. Projected increases in climate variability and aridity are, therefore, likely to increase the importance of biotic refugia in mitigating the effects of climate change on species persistence.
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 02-05-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Julia Koricheva.