ORCID Profile
0000-0003-0673-4577
Current Organisations
University of Trento
,
University of Innsbruck
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-08-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-01-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-12-2019
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 19-06-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-05-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12979-020-00186-W
Abstract: Obesity has been associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Both conditions play a determinant role in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases, such as immunosenescence. Adipose tissue can modulate the function of the immune system with the secretion of molecules influencing the phenotype of immune cells. The importance of the bone marrow (BM) in the maintenance of antigen-experienced adaptive immune cells has been documented in mice. Recently, some groups have investigated the survival of effector/memory T cells in the human BM. Despite this, whether high body mass index (BMI) may affect immune cells in the BM and the production of molecules supporting the maintenance of these cells it is unknown. Using flow cytometry, the frequency and the phenotype of immune cell populations were measured in paired BM and PB s les obtained from persons with different BMI. Furthermore, the expression of BM cytokines was assessed. The influence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) on T cell subsets was additionally considered, iding the donors into the CMV − and CMV + groups. Our study suggests that increased BMI may affect both the maintenance and the phenotype of adaptive immune cells in the BM. While the BM levels of IL-15 and IL-6, supporting the survival of highly differentiated T cells, and oxygen radicals increased in overweight persons, the production of IFNγ and TNF by CD8 + T cells was reduced. In addition, the frequency of B cells and CD4 + T cells positively correlated with BMI in the BM of CMV − persons. Finally, the frequency of several T cell subsets, and the expression of senescence/exhaustion markers within these subpopulations, were affected by BMI. In particular, the levels of bona fide memory T cells may be reduced in overweight persons. Our work suggests that, in addition to aging and CMV, obesity may represent an additional risk factor for immunosenescence in adaptive immune cells. Metabolic interventions may help in improving the fitness of the immune system in the elderly.
Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1042/BSR20190371
Abstract: The bone marrow (BM) provides a preferential survival environment for the long-term maintenance of antigen-experienced adaptive immune cells. After the contact with antigens, effector/memory T cells and plasma cell precursors migrate to the BM, in which they can survive within survival niches in an antigen-independent manner. Despite this, the phenotype of adaptive immune cells changes with aging, and BM niches themselves are affected, leading to impaired long-term maintenance of immunological memory in the elderly as a result. Oxidative stress, age-related inflammation (inflammaging), and cellular senescence appear to play a major role in this process. This review will summarize the age-related changes in T and B cell phenotype, and in the BM niches, discussing the possibility that the accumulation of highly differentiated, senescent-like T cells in the BM during aging may cause inflammation in the BM and promote oxidative stress and senescence. In addition, senescent-like T cells may compete for space with other immune cells within the marrow, partially excluding effector/memory T cells and long-lived plasma cells from the niches.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
No related grants have been discovered for Luca Pangrazzi.