ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5316-766X
Current Organisation
University of Aberdeen
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Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-03-2017
Abstract: Multiplex viewing of static or dynamic scenes is an increasing feature of screen media. Most existing multiplex experiments have examined detection across increasing scene numbers, but currently no systematic evaluation of the factors that might produce difficulty in processing multiplexes exists. Across five experiments we provide such an evaluation. Experiment 1 characterises difficulty in change detection when the number of scenes is increased. Experiment 2 reveals that the increased difficulty across multiple-scene displays is caused by the total amount of visual information accounts for differences in change detection times, regardless of whether this information is presented across multiple scenes, or contained in one scene. Experiment 3 shows that whether quadrants of a display were drawn from the same, or different scenes did not affect change detection performance. Experiment 4 demonstrates that knowing which scene the change will occur in means participants can perform at monoplex level. Finally, Experiment 5 finds that changes of central interest in multiplexed scenes are detected far easier than marginal interest changes to such an extent that a centrally interesting object removal in nine screens is detected more rapidly than a marginally interesting object removal in four screens. Processing multiple-screen displays therefore seems dependent on the amount of information, and the importance of that information to the task, rather than simply the number of scenes in the display. We discuss the theoretical and applied implications of these findings.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 06-2017
DOI: 10.1037/CEP0000120
Abstract: Vision and action are tightly coupled in space and time: for many tasks we must look at the right place at the right time to gather the information that we need to complete our behavioural goals. Vision typically leads action by about 0.5 seconds in many natural tasks. However, the factors that influence this temporal coordination are not well understood, and variations have been found previously between two domestic tasks each with similar constraints: tea making and sandwich making. This study offers a systematic exploration of the factors that govern spatiotemporal coordination of vision and action within complex real-world activities. We found that the temporal coordination eye movements and action differed between tea making and sandwich making. Longer eye-hand latencies, more "look ahead" fixations and more looks to irrelevant objects were found when making tea than when making a sandwich. Contrary to previous suggestions, we found that the requirement to move around the environment did not influence the coordination of vision and action. We conclude that the dynamics of visual behaviour during motor acts are sensitive to the task and specific objects and actions required but not to the spatial demands requiring movement around an environment. (PsycINFO Database Record
Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
Date: 28-09-2017
DOI: 10.1167/17.11.12
Abstract: Much effort has been made to explain eye guidance during natural scene viewing. However, a substantial component of fixation placement appears to be a set of consistent biases in eye movement behavior. We introduce the concept of saccadic flow, a generalization of the central bias that describes the image-independent conditional probability of making a saccade to (xi+1, yi+1), given a fixation at (xi, yi). We suggest that saccadic flow can be a useful prior when carrying out analyses of fixation locations, and can be used as a submodule in models of eye movements during scene viewing. We demonstrate the utility of this idea by presenting bias-weighted gaze landscapes, and show that there is a link between the likelihood of a saccade under the flow model, and the salience of the following fixation. We also present a minor improvement to our central bias model (based on using a multivariate truncated Gaussian), and investigate the leftwards and coarse-to-fine biases in scene viewing.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 2013
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 2013
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2014
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-06-2019
Abstract: The dynamic nature of the real world poses challenges for predicting where best to allocate gaze during object interactions. The same object may require different visual guidance depending on its current or upcoming state. Here, we explore how object properties (the material and shape of objects) and object state (whether it is full of liquid, or to be set down in a crowded location) influence visual supervision while setting objects down, which is an element of object interaction that has been relatively neglected in the literature. In a liquid pouring task, we asked participants to move empty glasses to a filling station to leave them empty, half fill, or completely fill them with water and then move them again to a tray. During the first putdown (when the glasses were all empty), visual guidance was determined only by the type of glass being set down—with more unwieldy ch agne flutes being more likely to be guided than other types of glasses. However, when the glasses were then filled, glass type no longer mattered, with the material and fill level predicting whether the glasses were set down with visual supervision: full, glass material containers were more likely to be guided than empty, plastic ones. The key finding from this research is that the visual system responds flexibly to dynamic changes in object properties, likely based on predictions of risk associated with setting-down the object unsupervised by vision. The factors that govern these mechanisms can vary within the same object as it changes state.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Benjamin Tatler.