ORCID Profile
0000-0002-0434-720X
Current Organisations
University of Queensland
,
University of Technology Sydney
,
Queensland University of Technology
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Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 05-2022
Abstract: This study investigated the acceptable accuracy of common body composition techniques compared with the reference 4-compartment (4C-R) model, which has not been investigated in a s le with erse characteristics, including age and sex. Techniques included components of the 4C-R model [dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, air displacement plethysmography, deuterium dilution (DD)] and surrogate compartment models, which utilised bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) rather than DD. Men and women (sex = 1:1, 18–85 years, n = 90) completed body composition testing under best-practice guidance. For measurement of in iduals, only the reference 3-compartment (3C-R) equation met acceptable error limits ( % error among in iduals) within the a priori cut-point (80%) for fat-free mass (FFM CV = 0.52%) and fat mass (FM CV = 1.61%). However, all investigated techniques reached equivalency to the 4C-R model for FFM on average (CV = 0.52–4.31%), but for FM only the 3C and 4C equations that included quantification of total body water (TBW) by DD or BIS reached equivalency overall (CV = 1.61–6.68%). Sex and age minimally influenced accuracy. Only the 3C-R or 4C-R equations are supported for acceptable in idual accuracy for both FFM and FM. For group estimates any investigated technique could be used with acceptable accuracy for FFM however, for FM, inclusion of TBW measurement within a compartment model is necessary. Novelty: Only the referent 3C and 4C models (including deuterium dilution) provide accurate body composition results that are acceptable for measurement of in iduals in the general population. For group estimates of lean mass in the general population, compartments models that include TBW must be used for accurate measurement.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
DOI: 10.1093/AJCN/NQAB046
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 22-08-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FPHYS.2022.967169
Abstract: Purpose: This study assessed the biological reliability of peripheral human cytokines and adipokines, and the influence of participant characteristics on total error. This has essential application to interventional cytokine measurement to ensure that reported results are interpreted with confidence. Methods: Participants (49% female, 18–85 years, n = 84) completed two consecutive-day testing sessions. Participants provided a venous blood s le at the same time of day across two consecutive days, under standardized participant presentation, including 24-h rested and 12-h fasted conditions. Multiplex immunoassay was used to assess inflammatory analytes from s les (predominantly plasma). Repeat measurements were conducted between-day for total precision quantification, and technical (technique) error was negated from the total to provide an estimate of biological (attributed to participant presentation) error. Results: Whilst there was no evidence of statistically significant biological error, a small amount of biological error was consistently present across most analytes (∼3.3%/0.07 pg/ml), which was largest for measurement of leptin (7.3%/210 pg/ml). There was also an influence of sex on reliability of leptin and adiponectin (total model explained 6–7% of error variation), where females demonstrated the greatest error. Conclusion: Biological error reported in this study should be applied to any future study or in idual with a repeated measurement of cytokine concentrations over time that maintain best practice procedures (12-h fasted, 24-h rested). In most cases, raw error should be used, with exceptions for women for measurement of leptin and adiponectin. This approach will ensure that results are reported with certainty for improved reporting of intervention efficacy.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 21-10-2022
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003067
Abstract: Exercise has been shown to improve physical and psychosocial outcomes for people across the cancer care continuum. A proposed mechanism underpinning the relationship between exercise and cancer outcomes is exercise-induced immunomodulation via secretion of anti-inflammatory myokines from skeletal muscle tissue. Myokines have the potential to impair cancer growth through modulation of natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells while improving the effectiveness of cancer therapies. Interleukin-15 (IL-15), one of the most abundant myokines found in skeletal muscle, has a key immunoregulatory role in supporting the proliferation and maturation of T cells and NK cells, which have a key role in the host’s immune response to cancer. Furthermore, IL-15 is being explored clinically as an immunotherapy agent with doses similar to the IL-15 concentrations released by skeletal muscle during exercise. Here we review the role of IL-15 within the immune system, examine how IL-15 is produced as a myokine during exercise, and how it may improve outcomes for people with cancer, specifically as an adjuvant or neoadjuvant to immunotherapy. We summarize the available evidence showing changes in IL-15 in response to both acute exercise and training, and the results are inconsistent higher quality research is needed to advance the understanding of how exercise-mediated increases in IL-15 potentially benefit those who are being treated for, or who have had, cancer.
No related grants have been discovered for Morgan Jane Farley.