ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7248-8568
Current Organisation
Aarhus University
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-03-2023
DOI: 10.1111/DME.15071
Abstract: To summarize and critically appraise evidence regarding the effectiveness of educational and/or behavioural interventions in reducing fear of hypoglycaemia among adults with type 1 diabetes. Systematic searches of medical and psychology databases were conducted. Risk‐of‐bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Data were synthesized using random‐effects meta‐analyses for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and narrative synthesis for observational studies. Five RCTs ( N = 682) and seven observational studies ( N = 1519) met the inclusion criteria, reporting on behavioural, structured education and cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions. Most studies assessed fear of hypoglycaemia using the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey Worry (HFS‐W) and Behaviour (HFS‐B) subscales. Mean fear of hypoglycaemia at baseline was relatively low across studies. Meta‐analyses showed a significant effect of interventions on HFS‐W (SMD = −0.17, p = 0.032) but not on HFS‐B scores (SMD = −0.34, p = 0.113). Across RCTs, Blood Glucose Awareness Training (BGAT) had the largest effect on HFS‐W and HFS‐B scores, and one CBT‐based program was as effective as BGAT in reducing HFS‐B scores. Observational studies showed that Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating (DAFNE) was associated with significant fear of hypoglycaemia reductions. Current evidence suggests that educational and behavioural interventions can reduce fear of hypoglycaemia. However, no study to date has examined these interventions among people with high fear of hypoglycaemia.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-01-2023
DOI: 10.1111/DME.15040
Abstract: People with type 1 diabetes have a higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) is a clinical marker for CVD. In this observational study using continuous HRV measurement across 26 days, we investigated whether psychological stressors (diabetes distress, depressive symptoms) and glycaemic parameters (hypo‐ and hyperglycaemic exposure, glycaemic variability and HbA 1c ) are associated with lower HRV in people with type 1 diabetes. Data from the non‐interventional prospective DIA‐LINK1 study were analysed. At baseline, depressive symptoms and diabetes distress were assessed. Glucose values and HRV were recorded daily for 26 days using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and a wrist‐worn health tracker respectively. Multilevel modelling with participant as nesting factor was used to analyse associations between day‐to‐day HRV and diabetes distress, depressive symptoms and CGM‐derived parameters. Data from 149 participants were analysed (age: 38.3 ± 13.1 years, HbA 1c : 8.6 ± 1.9%). Participants with elevated diabetes distress had a significantly lower HRV across the 26 days compared to participants without elevated distress (β = −0.28 p = 0.004). Elevated depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with HRV (β = −0.18 p = 0.074). Higher daily exposure to hyperglycaemia (β = −0.44 p = 0.044), higher average exposure to hypoglycaemia (β = −0.18 p = 0.042) and higher HbA 1c (β = −0.20 p = 0.018) were associated with reduced HRV across the 26 days. Sensitivity analysis with HRV averaged across all days corroborated these results. Diabetes distress is a clinically meaningful psychosocial stressor that could play a role in the cardiovascular health of people with type 1 diabetes. These findings highlight the need for integrated psychosocial care in diabetes management.
Publisher: The Open Journal
Date: 09-10-2021
DOI: 10.21105/JOSE.00122
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-05-2023
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.23997
Abstract: To examine sex differences in risk factors for anorexia nervosa (AN). This population‐based study involved 44,743 in iduals (6,239 AN cases including 5,818 females and 421 males, and 38,504 controls including 18,818 females and 19,686 males) born in Denmark between May 1981 and December 2009. Follow‐up began on the in idual's sixth birthday and ended at AN diagnosis, emigration, death, or December 31, 2016, whichever occurred first. Exposures included socioeconomic status (SES), pregnancy, birth, and early childhood factors based on data from Danish registers, and psychiatric and metabolic polygenic risk scores (PRS) based on genetic data. Hazard ratios were estimated using weighted Cox proportional hazards models stratified by sex (assigned at birth), with AN diagnosis as the outcome. The effects of early life exposures and PRS on AN risk were comparable between females and males. Although we observed some differences in the magnitude and direction of effects, there were no significant interactions between sex and SES, pregnancy, birth, or early childhood exposures. The effects of most PRS on AN risk were highly similar between the sexes. We observed significant sex‐specific effects of parental psychiatric history and body mass index PRS, though these effects did not survive corrections for multiple comparisons. Risk factors for AN are comparable between females and males. Collaboration across countries with large registers is needed to further investigate sex‐specific effects of genetic, biological, and environmental exposures on AN risk, including exposures in later childhood and adolescence as well as the additive effects of exposures. Sex differences in the prevalence and clinical presentation of AN warrant examination of sex‐specific risk factors. This population‐based study indicates that the effects of polygenic risk and early life exposures on AN risk are comparable between females and males. Collaboration between countries with large registers is needed to further investigate sex‐specific AN risk factors and improve early identification of AN.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.EXPLORE.2015.12.001
Abstract: In Australia and throughout much of the world, rates of obesity continue to climb as do the prevalence of eating disorders, particularly in adolescents. Psychological consequences of childhood obesity include low self-esteem, depression, body dissatisfaction, and social maladjustment (Young-Hyman et al., 2012). This feasibility study sought to examine the impact of a six-week Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) group treatment program upon eating behaviours, self-esteem, compassion, and psychological symptoms. Forty-four students were randomly allocated to either the EFT group or the waitlist control group. Results revealed a delayed effect for both groups at post-intervention, with improved eating habits, self-esteem, and compassion at follow-up. Findings provide preliminary support for EFT as an effective treatment strategy for increasing healthy eating behaviours and improving associated weight-related psychopathology.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-10-2021
DOI: 10.1111/DME.14418
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 08-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJDRC-2021-002322
Abstract: Achieving glycemic targets and optimizing quality of life (QoL) are important goals of type 1 diabetes care. Hypoglycemia is a common barrier to achieving targets and can be associated with significant distress. However, the impact of hypoglycemia on QoL is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to explore how adults with type 1 diabetes are impacted by hypoglycemia in areas of life that are important to their overall QoL. Participants responded to a web-based qualitative survey involving a novel ‘Wheel of Life’ activity. Responses were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. The final s le included 219 adults with type 1 diabetes from Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK. They had a mean±SD age of 39±13 years and diabetes duration of 20±14 years. Participants identified eight areas of life important to their overall QoL, including relationships and social life, work and studies, leisure and physical activity, everyday life, sleep, sex life, physical health, and mental health. Participants reported emotional, behavioral, cognitive, and social impacts of hypoglycemia within domains. Across domains, participants described interruptions, limited participation in activities, exhaustion, fear of hypoglycemia, compensatory strategies to prevent hypoglycemia, and reduced spontaneity. The findings emphasize the profound impact of hypoglycemia on QoL and diabetes self-care behaviors. Diabetes services should be aware of and address the burden of hypoglycemia to provide person-centered care. Clinicians could ask in iduals how hypoglycemia affects important areas of their lives to better understand the personal impact and develop tailored management plans.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-10-2021
DOI: 10.1111/DME.14727
Abstract: Hypoglycaemic episodes and fear of hypoglycaemia can be burdensome for adults with type 1 diabetes. This study explored support needs relating to hypoglycaemia among adults with type 1 diabetes living in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Respondents participated in a web‐based qualitative study involving four open‐ended questions that asked what they wished other people understood about hypoglycaemia and what other people could do differently to support them with hypoglycaemia. Responses were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Participants were 219 adults with type 1 diabetes (mean ± SD age 39 ± 13 years mean ± SD diabetes duration 20 ± 14 years). They described unmet needs relating to: (1) Clinical support , involving access to new diabetes technologies, training on hypoglycaemia prevention, personalised care and psychological support (2) Practical support , involving family and friends better supporting them with hypoglycaemia management and prevention (3) Education for other people , involving others becoming more informed about hypoglycaemia and (4) An appreciation of the burden , involving others recognizing the experience and impact of episodes, and the burden of living with the risk of hypoglycaemia. Adults with type 1 diabetes report several unmet support needs relating to hypoglycaemia. Service delivery should be person‐centred and prioritise the in idual's support needs. Clinical conversations are needed to identify the in idual's support needs and develop tailored support plans. People with diabetes and their family members should be offered hypoglycaemia‐specific education and training.
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 03-2017
Abstract: Social networking sites (SNSs) provide emerging adults with extreme and unprecedented transparency, exposing them to a plethora of opportunities for social comparison. In light of the growing use of the popular SNS, Instagram, among emerging adults, the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of exposure to social media-based social comparison information on self-esteem. The study recruited 237 participants through social media. The s le was narrowed to young adults aged 18-29 years. The study used a correlational nonexperimental approach to investigate two mediation models proposed in the literature. First, the study investigated the mediating role of social comparison on Instagram in the relationship between intensity of Instagram use and self-esteem. Second, the study examined the mediating role of social comparison in the relationship between self-worth contingent on approval from others and self-esteem. Although the first model was found to be nonsignificant, results observed a significant indirect pathway that confirmed the second model. Thus, social comparison on Instagram mediated the relationship between contingent self-worth and self-esteem. Furthermore, moderation analyses found that self-worth contingent on approval from others moderated the relationship between intensity of Instagram use and social comparison on Instagram. Thus, although Instagram did not directly affect self-esteem, the significant moderation suggested that intensity of Instagram use is influential when the young person's self-worth is contingent on approval from others. Overall, the findings are consistent with previous research and enhance our understanding of the mechanisms that link SNS use to low self-esteem.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJDRC-2022-002890
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the 12-Item Hypoglycemia Impact Profile (HIP12), a brief measure of the impact of hypoglycemia on quality of life (QoL) among adults with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D). Adults with T1D (n=1071) or T2D (n=194) participating in the multicountry, online study, ‘Your SAY: Hypoglycemia’, completed the HIP12. Psychometric analyses were undertaken to determine acceptability, structural validity, internal consistency, convergent/ ergent validity, and known-groups validity. Most (98%) participants completed all items on the HIP12. The expected one-factor solution was supported for T1D, T2D, native English speaker, and non-native English speaker groups. Internal consistency was high across all groups (ω=0.91–0.93). Convergent and ergent validity were satisfactory. Known-groups validity was demonstrated for both diabetes types, by frequency of severe hypoglycemia (0 vs ≥1 episode in the past 12 months) and self-treated episodes ( vs 2–4 vs ≥5 per week). The measure also discriminated by awareness of hypoglycemia in those with T1D. The HIP12 is an acceptable, internally consistent, and valid tool for assessing the impact of hypoglycemia on QoL among adults with T1D. The findings in the relatively small s le with T2D are encouraging and warrant replication in a larger s le.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
Date: 11-08-2021
DOI: 10.1042/BIO_2021_163
Abstract: If you’re like me, you didn’t pursue your studies out of a love for public speaking, yet you may find that presenting your work is a vital part of doing science. For a researcher’s findings to have impact, they must be shared with and communicated to others, preferably in a way that is easy to understand, interesting, and memorable. When it comes to giving presentations, we all know the basics of what not to do: Don’t cram too much information into your slides, don’t ignore your audience, don’t read off your slides. On the other hand, it's not always clear what makes a good presentation good.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CTCP.2017.06.004
Abstract: Examining the effectiveness of psychological interventions in treating secondary psychological outcomes of obesity has become prioritized in recent times. The objective of the present study was to compare an eight-week Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) intervention program, in the treatment of food cravings and secondary psychological outcomes among overweight or obese adults (N = 83). A controlled non-inferiority trial was performed comparing group-delivered CBT to group-delivered EFT. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire at pre- and post-intervention, and at six and 12-months follow-up. The CBT group did not report any significant changes in anxiety scores over time, but the decrease in depression symptoms pre-to post-intervention was significant and this was maintained at 6-and 12-months. Anxiety and depression scores significantly decreased from pre-to post-intervention for the EFT group, and was maintained at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Somatoform scores significantly decreased from pre-intervention to all follow-up points for the CBT group, while the EFT group did not report any significant changes in somatoform symptoms. Results also revealed that EFT is capable of producing reductions in anxiety and depression symptoms, and may be comparable to gold standard approaches such as CBT. The current study supports the hypothesis that psychological intervention is beneficial for treating psychological comorbidities of obesity and points to the role mental health issues may play in this area.
No related grants have been discovered for Hannah Chatwin.