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0000-0001-5989-1811
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Bond University
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 02-04-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-01-2007
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-006-0345-Z
Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify indicators of non-functional overreaching (NFOR) in team sport athletes undertaking intensive training loads. Eighteen semi-professional rugby league players were randomly assigned into two pair matched groups. One group completed 6 weeks of normal training (NT) whilst the other group was deliberately overreached through intensified training (IT). Both groups then completed the same 7-day stepwise training load reduction taper. Multistage fitness test (MSFT) performance, VO2 (max), peak aerobic running velocity (V (max)), maximal heart rate, vertical jump, 10-s cycle sprint performance and body mass were measured pre- and post-training period and following the taper. Hormonal, haematological and immunological parameters were also measured pre-training and following weeks 2, 4 and 6 of training and post-taper. MANOVA for repeated measures with contrast analysis indicated that MSFT performance and VO2 (max) were significantly reduced in the IT group over time and condition, indicating that a state of overreaching was attained. However, the only biochemical measure that was significantly different between the IT and NT group was the glutamine to glutamate (Gln/Glu) ratio even though testosterone, testosterone to cortisol (T/C) ratio, plasma glutamate, and CK activity were significantly changed after training in both groups. Positive endurance and power performance changes were observed post-taper in the IT group confirming NFOR. These changes were associated with increases in the T/C ratio and the Gln/Glu ratio and decreases in plasma glutamate and CK activity. These results indicate that although there was no single reliable biochemical marker of NFOR in these athletes, the Gln/Glu ratio and MSFT test may be useful measures for monitoring responses to IT in team sport athletes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 15-11-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-05-2019
DOI: 10.1111/AJR.12517
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.1260/1747-9541.8.3.467
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a video-self modelling intervention on the cycling standing start performance and self-efficacy beliefs of novice track cyclists. Nineteen participants from a Talent Identification Program were randomly assigned to one of two groups (Traditional and Intervention group). The traditional group received verbal augmented feedback, whereas the intervention group received a self-modelling video intervention in addition to verbal augmented feedback. Analysis of post-test and retention test scores revealed that both groups improved their performances and self-efficacy beliefs over time, but no significant interaction or difference existed between the groups. Future research is recommended with longer interventions and an emphasis on the editing of technique errors from the self-modelling video.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 11-2020
Abstract: Context : Exercise in hot environments increases body temperature and thermoregulatory strain. However, little is known regarding the magnitude of effect that ambient temperature ( T a ), relative humidity (RH), and solar radiation in idually have on team-sport athletes. Purpose : To determine the effect of these in idual heat-stress variables on team-sport training performance and recovery. Methods : Professional Australian Rules Football players (N = 45) undertook 8-wk preseason training producing a total of 579 outdoor field-based observations with T a , RH, and solar radiation recorded at every training session. External load (distance covered, in m/min percentage high-speed running [%HSR] .4 km/h) was collected via a global positioning system. Internal load (ratings of perceived exertion and heart rate) and recovery (subjective ratings of well-being and heart-rate variability [root mean square of the successive differences]) were monitored throughout the training period. Mixed-effects linear models analyzed relationships between variables using standardized regression coefficients. Results : Increased solar-radiation exposure was associated with reduced distance covered (−19.7 m/min, P .001), %HSR (−10%, P .001) during training and rMSSD 48 h posttraining (−16.9 ms, P = .019). Greater RH was associated with decreased %HSR (−3.4%, P = .010) but increased percentage duration % HR max (3.9%, P .001), ratings of perceived exertion (1.8 AU, P .001), and self-reported stress 24 h posttraining (−0.11 AU, P = .002). In contrast, higher T a was associated with increased distance covered (19.7 m/min, P .001) and %HSR (3.5%, P = .005). Conclusions : The authors show the importance of considering the in idual factors contributing to thermal load in isolation for team-sport athletes and that solar radiation and RH reduce work capacity during team-sport training and have the potential to slow recovery between sessions.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2004
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-01-2008
DOI: 10.1007/S11556-008-0029-2
Abstract: Masters athletes are typically older than 35 years of age and systematically train for, and compete in, organized forms of sport specifically designed for older adults. They are motivated to participate in masters sport for a wide variety of reasons. Age-related declines in endurance performance are observed across the endurance sports of running, orienteering, rowing, and swimming. These declines are curvilinear from age 35 years until approximately age 60–70 years and exponential thereafter. The decline in endurance performance appears primarily due to an age-related decrease in VO 2max secondary to an age-related decrease in HR max and possible age-related declines in stroke volume and arteriovenous oxygen difference. While performance velocity at lactate threshold decreases with age in masters endurance athletes, it appears to increase relative to VO 2max while exercise economy is maintained. There also appears an age-related decrease in active muscle mass, type II muscle fiber size, and blood volume that contribute to decreased endurance performance. However, research suggests that maintenance of training intensity and volume into older age may mediate the rate of age-related decline in VO 2max , stroke volume, arteriovenous oxygen difference, blood volume, and muscle mass in masters endurance athletes.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1998
Abstract: Physiological and kinematic data were collected from elite under-19 rugby union players to provide a greater understanding of the physical demands of rugby union. Heart rate, blood lactate and time-motion analysis data were collected from 24 players (mean +/- s(x): body mass 88.7 +/- 9.9 kg, height 185 +/- 7 cm, age 18.4 +/- 0.5 years) during six competitive premiership fixtures. Six players were chosen at random from each of four groups: props and locks, back row forwards, inside backs, outside backs. Heart rate records were classified based on percent time spent in four zones (>95%, 85-95%, 75-84%, <75% HRmax). Blood lactate concentration was measured periodically throughout each match, with movements being classified as standing, walking, jogging, cruising, sprinting, utility, rucking/mauling and scrummaging. The heart rate data indicated that props and locks (58.4%) and back row forwards (56.2%) spent significantly more time in high exertion (85-95% HRmax) than inside backs (40.5%) and outside backs (33.9%) (P < 0.001). Inside backs (36.5%) and outside backs (38.5%) spent significantly more time in moderate exertion (75-84% HRmax) than props and locks (22.6%) and back row forwards (19.8%) (P < 0.05). Outside backs (20.1%) spent significantly more time in low exertion (<75% HRmax) than props and locks (5.8%) and back row forwards (5.6%) (P < 0.05). Mean blood lactate concentration did not differ significantly between groups (range: 4.67 mmol x l(-1) for outside backs to 7.22 mmol x l(-1) for back row forwards P < 0.05). The motion analysis data indicated that outside backs (5750 m) covered a significantly greater total distance than either props and locks or back row forwards (4400 and 4080 m, respectively P < 0.05). Inside backs and outside backs covered significantly greater distances walking (1740 and 1780 m, respectively P < 0.001), in utility movements (417 and 475 m, respectively P < 0.001) and sprinting (208 and 340 m, respectively P < 0.001) than either props and locks or back row forwards (walking: 1000 and 991 m utility movements: 106 and 154 m sprinting: 72 and 94 m, respectively). Outside backs covered a significantly greater distance sprinting than inside backs (208 and 340 m, respectively P < 0.001). Forwards maintained a higher level of exertion than backs, due to more constant motion and a large involvement in static high-intensity activities. A mean blood lactate concentration of 4.8-7.2 mmol x l(-1) indicated a need for 'lactate tolerance' training to improve hydrogen ion buffering and facilitate removal following high-intensity efforts. Furthermore, the large distances (4.2-5.6 km) covered during, and intermittent nature of, match-play indicated a need for sound aerobic conditioning in all groups (particularly backs) to minimize fatigue and facilitate recovery between high-intensity efforts.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 06-05-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2015.09.004
Abstract: Regular exercise during pregnancy is a recommended prenatal care strategy with short and long-term health benefits to mother and child. Unfortunately, most pregnant women are insufficiently active to obtain health benefits and there is evidence that activity levels decrease overall during pregnancy. Physical activity among regionally based women is lower than that of urban-based women within Australia. However, little is currently known about exercise behaviours of regionally based Australian pregnant women. To successfully promote exercise among regionally based pregnant women, a greater understanding of exercise behaviours must first be explored. This study investigated exercise behaviours in a s le of regionally based Australian pregnant women. Regionally based Australian pregnant women (n=142) completed a modified version of the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire examining exercise behaviours before and during pregnancy. Women self-reported their exercise behaviours, including exercise frequency, intensity, time and type, before and during pregnancy. Chi-square analysis revealed significantly less (χ(2)=31.66, p<0.05) women participated in exercise during pregnancy (61%) compared to before pregnancy (87%). During pregnancy, respondents exercised at a significantly lower frequency (χ(2)=111.63, p<0.05), intensity (χ(2)=67.41, p<0.05), shorter time/duration (χ(2)=114.33, p<0.05), and significantly less (χ(2)=8.55, p<0.05) women (8%) are meeting 'exercise during pregnancy' guidelines compared to women before pregnancy (49%) meeting physical activity guidelines. Exercise during pregnancy decreases to levels significantly lower than what is currently recommended. Public health initiatives that promote exercise among Australian pregnant women should aim to increase frequency, intensity, time and type of exercise to be undertaken during pregnancy.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 02-2017
Abstract: Following exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), masters athletes take longer to recover than younger athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of higher than recommended postexercise protein feedings on the recovery of knee extensor peak isometric torque (PIT), perceptions of recovery, and cycling time trial (TT) performance following EIMD in masters triathletes. Eight masters triathletes (52 ± 2 y, V̇O 2max , 51.8 ± 4.2 ml•kg -1 •min -1 ) completed two trials separated by seven days in a randomized, doubleblind, crossover study. Trials consisted of morning PIT testing and a 30-min downhill run followed by an eight-hour recovery. During recovery, a moderate (MPI 0.3 g•kg -1 •bolus -1 ) or high (0.6 g•kg -1 •bolus -1 ) protein intake (HPI) was consumed in three bolus feedings at two hour intervals commencing immediately postexercise. PIT testing and a 7 kJ•kg -1 cycling TT were completed postintervention. Perceptions of recovery were assessed pre- and postexercise. The HPI did not significantly improve recovery compared with MPI ( p .05). However, comparison of within-treatment change shows the HPI provided a moderate beneficial effect ( d = 0.66), attenuating the loss of afternoon PIT (-3.6%, d = 0.09) compared with the MPI (-8.6%, d = 0.24). The HPI provided a large beneficial effect ( d = 0.83), reducing perceived fatigue over the eight-hour recovery ( d = 1.25) compared with the MPI ( d = 0.22). Despite these effects, cycling performance was unchanged (HPI = 2395 ± 297 s vs. MPI = 2369 ± 278 s d = 0.09). In conclusion, doubling the recommended postexercise protein intake did not significantly improve recovery in masters athletes however, HPI provided moderate to large beneficial effects on recovery that may be meaningful following EIMD.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-03-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2013.03.010
Abstract: There is growing interest in the use of exercise in the treatment of depression. A number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated a reduction in depressive symptoms with both aerobic and non-aerobic exercise interventions. This has been supported in a number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. However, the heterogeneous nature of the exercise intervention trials makes determining the appropriate program variables (frequency, intensity, duration and type of exercise) difficult. A systematic review was undertaken on all RCTs reporting a significant treatment effect of exercise in the treatment of depression. Studies were analyzed for exercise frequency, intensity, session duration, exercise type, exercise mode, intervention duration, delivery of exercise, level and quality of supervision and compliance. Study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Five RCTs published since 2007 met the inclusion criteria and were subsequently analyzed. Most programs were performed three times weekly and of moderate intensity. All included trials used aerobic exercise, either treadmill or outdoor walking, stationary cycle or elliptical cross trainer exercise. Intervention duration ranged from four to twelve weeks. Both group and in idual programs were shown to be effective in lowering the symptoms of depression. Some level of supervision is recommended. There is evidence for the use supervised aerobic exercise, undertaken three times weekly at moderate intensity for a minimum of nine weeks in the treatment of depression. Further research on the manipulation of program variables is warranted.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.1111/AJR.12476
Abstract: To report that prevalence rates of osteoporosis and osteopenia differ according to different levels of remoteness in Queensland, Australia. Retrospective analysis of bone mineral density scans undertaken between April 2015 and April 2016. Mobile laboratory housing a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in rural and remote Queensland. Four-thousand-four-hundred-and-twenty-seven referred in iduals 70 years of age or older. Bone mineral density (g cm A slightly higher percentage of women was screened and the percentage screened in both men and women decreased as levels of remoteness increased. Women in outer regional areas had significantly higher odds of having osteopenia over normal bone mineral density, compared to women in an urban setting. As the level of remoteness increased, there was a decrease in the percentage of men and women being screened to determine their risk of osteoporosis. Furthermore, the current data suggest that women in more remote areas have significantly lower bone density, compared to an urban female population. Finally, men and women have similar levels of osteopenia across Queensland, Australia.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 12-2008
Abstract: The present investigation examined the physiological and performance effects of lower-body compression garments (LBCG) during a one-hour cycling time-trial in well-trained cyclists. Twelve well-trained male cyclists ([mean ± SD] age: 20.5 ± 3.6 years height: 177.5 ± 4.9 cm body mass: 70.5 ± 7.5 kg V O2max : 55.2 ± 6.8 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 ) volunteered for the study. Each subject completed two randomly ordered stepwise incremental tests and two randomly ordered one-hour time trials (1HTT) wearing either full-length SportSkins Classic LBCG or underwear briefs (control). Blood lactate concentration ([BLa − ]), heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (V O2 ) and muscle oxygenation (mOxy) were recorded throughout each test. Indicators of cycling endurance performance were anaerobic threshold (AnT) and V O2max values from the incremental test, and mean power (W), peak power (W), and total work (kJ) from the 1HTT Magnitude-based inferences were used to determine if LBCG demonstrated any performance and/or physiological benefits. A likely practically significant increase (86%:12%:2% η 2 = 0.6) in power output at AnT was observed in the LBCG condition (CONT: 245.9 ± 55.7 W LBCG: 259.8 ± 44.6 W). Further, a possible practically significant improvement (78%:19%:3% η 2 = 0.6) was reported in muscle oxygenation economy (W·%mOxy −1 ) across the 1HTT (mOxy: CONT: 52.2 ± 12.2% LBCG: 57.3 ± 8.2%). The present results demonstrated limited physiological benefits and no performance enhancement through wearing LBCG during a cycling time trial.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2010
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2010.497817
Abstract: There are difficulties undertaking controlled training studies with elite athletes. Thus, data from non-elite performers are often presented in scientific journals and subsequently used to guide general training principles. This information may not be transferable or specific enough to inform training practices in an in idual elite athlete. However, the nature of athletic participation at elite levels provides the opportunity to collect training data, performance-related variables, and performance data of elite athletes over long periods. In this paper, we describe how dynamic linear models provide an opportunity to use these data to inform training. Data from an elite female triathlete collected over a 111-day training period were used to model the relationship between training and self-reported fatigue. The dynamic linear model analysis showed the independent effects of the three modes of triathlon training on fatigue, how these can change across time, and the possible influence of other unmeasured variables. This paper shows the potential for the use of dynamic linear models as an aid to planning training in elite athletes.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1071/PY14054
Abstract: Mental illness affects the lives of a significant number of Australians. In addition to pharmacological and psychological interventions, exercise has demonstrated benefits for people with mental illness including symptom reduction, improved cardiovascular risk profile and improved physical capacity. Unfortunately, evidence shows that clinician-delivered exercise advice is not routinely offered. This is despite patient acceptability for exercise. This article summarises the recent evidence supporting the prescription of exercise for people with mental illness and offers a model incorporating basic exercise prescription, and referral pathways for specialised advice. Current exercise prescription patterns for people with mental illness may not meet patient expectations therefore, clinicians should consider exercise referral schemes to increase the accessibility of interventions for people with a mental illness.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2013.774077
Abstract: There is growing evidence regarding the efficacy of exercise as a treatment strategy for patients with depression. This paper summarises the benefits of both cardiovascular and resistance exercise for patients with depression. A narrative review design was employed. Supporting literature for the in idual and combined benefits of both modalities are presented. Studies comparing both modalities are then discussed. The outcomes of the review indicate that there is evidence for the efficacy of both cardiovascular exercise and resistance exercise, either independently or combined, in the treatment of depression across the range of severity levels and age groups. Exercise interventions for the treatment of depression appear worthwhile and well tolerated. Exercise preference, access to resources and social support may shape the choice for the patient. The role of primary and allied health professionals in guiding this choice is discussed. Implications for clinical practice and further research are presented.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 08-2016
Abstract: Postexercise nutrition is a critical component of an athlete’s recovery from training and competition. However, little is known about athletes’ postexercise dietary practices or knowledge of dietary recommendations, particularly among masters athletes. The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast the knowledge of postexercise nutritional recommendations, and typical postexercise intakes of carbohydrate and protein, between masters and younger triathletes. 182 triathletes (Male = 101, Female = 81) completed an online survey distributed by Triathlon Australia . Knowledge of postexercise nutrition recommendations for protein and carbohydrate intake were assessed as a group, and contrasted between subgroups of masters (≥50 years) and younger triathletes (≤30 years). Using dietary recall, postexercise intakes of carbohydrate and protein were examined and contrasted between masters and younger triathletes. As a group, 43.1% and 43.9% of all triathletes answered, “I don’t know” when asked to identify the recommended postexercise carbohydrate and protein intakes, respectively. Dietary analysis revealed masters triathletes consumed significantly less carbohydrate (0.7 ± 0.4 g.kg -1 ) postexercise than recommended (1.0 g.kg -1 p = .001), and in comparison with younger triathletes (1.1 ± 0.6 g.kg -1 p = .01). Postexercise protein intakes were similar between masters (19.6 ± 13.5 g) and younger (26.4 ± 15.8 g) triathletes. However, relative to body mass, masters triathletes consumed significantly less protein (0.3 ± 0.2 g.kg -1 ) than younger triathletes (0.4 ± 0.2 g.kg -1 p = .03), and consumed significantly less energy postexercise (22.7 ± 11.7 kJ.kg -1 ) than younger triathletes (37.8 ± 19.2 kJ.kg -1 p = .01). The present data suggests triathletes have poor knowledge of recommendations for postexercise carbohydrate and protein intakes. Furthermore, low postexercise intakes of carbohydrate and protein by masters athletes may impair acute recovery.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.ARTHRO.2010.02.024
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between knee functionality and posterior tibial slope in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient and ACL-reconstructed patients. Patients with isolated ACL injuries on the surgical waiting list and patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts between 18 and 24 months after surgery were recruited from the orthopaedic sports injury clinic. The study included 44 ACL-deficient patients (range 16-49) with a mean age of 26.4 years and 24 ACL-reconstructed patients with a mean age of 27.2 years (range, 25 to 49 years). Posterior tibial slope was measured on a digitalized lateral radiograph by use of the posterior tibial cortex as a reference. The Cincinnati scoring system was used to assess knee functionality. The posterior tibial slope averaged 6.10° ± 3.57° (range, 0° to 17°) in the ACL-deficient group and 7.20° ± 4.49° (range, 0° to 17°) in the ACL-reconstructed group. An anterior tibial slope was not measured in any of the participants. The mean Cincinnati score was 62.0 ± 14.5 (range, 36 to 84) in the ACL-deficient patients and 89.3 ± 9.5 (range, 61 to 100) in the ACL-reconstructed patients. There was a moderate but nonsignificant correlation (r = 0.47) between knee functionality and slope in the ACL-deficient patients. When we ided posterior tibial slope into intervals of 0° to 4° (mean score, 58.4), 5° to 9° (mean score, 59.6), and greater than 10° (mean score, 75.4), a strong significant correlation (r = 0.91, P = .01) was observed between knee functionality and slope. There was a weak but nonsignificant correlation (r = 0.24) between knee functionality and slope in the ACL-reconstructed patients. When we ided posterior tibial slope into intervals of 0° to 4° (mean score, 78.2), 5° to 9° (mean score, 86.1), and greater than 10° (mean score, 89.4), a strong and significant correlation (r = 0.96, P = .0001) was observed between knee functionality and slope. The results of this study suggest that ACL-deficient and ACL-reconstructed patients with higher posterior tibial slope have more functional knees. Level IV, therapeutic case series.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1519/16244.1
Abstract: The aim of this research was to assess the effect of a single set of contrast preloading on peak vertical displacement (PD) during a loaded countermovement jump (LCMJ) training session. Nine strength-trained males participated in 2 randomly assigned, crossover design testing sessions consisting of 5 sets of 6 repetitions of 20-kg LCMJs with 3-minute rest intervals between sets. The preloading intervention was performed 3 minutes after the first set and 4 minutes before the second set of 20-kg LCMJs. The control (CON) group performed 1 set of 20-kg LCMJs, whereas the jump squat (JS) group performed 1 set of 40-kg LCMJs. The number of repetitions performed during each preloading condition was varied to match total concentric work between the 2 sessions. A significant (p < 0.05) preload x set interaction for PD was observed, with the JS group jumping significantly higher during the third set performed after the preload in comparison with the CON group. Analysis of peak power output and mean power output during the concentric movement for this set revealed that as the knee flexion angle increased, the effect of the preload was augmented. These results suggest that a single set of preloading exercises enhances performance during a lower-body explosive power training session however, the effects of a single preloading set may not peak until midway through the training session.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 07-2017
Abstract: Global population aging has raised academic interest in successful aging to a public policy priority. Currently there is no consensus regarding the definition of successful aging. However, a synthesis of research shows successful aging can be defined as a late-life process of change characterized by high physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning. Masters athletes systematically train for, and compete in, organized forms of team and in idual sport specifically designed for older adults. Masters athletes are often proposed as exemplars of successful aging. However, their aging status has never been examined using a comprehensive multidimensional successful aging definition. Here, we examine the successful aging literature, propose a successful aging definition based on this literature, present evidence which suggests masters athletes could be considered exemplars of successful aging according to the proposed definition, and list future experimental research directions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-05-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S00167-011-1547-4
Abstract: The purpose of this study was (1) to determine differences in posterior tibial slope (PTS) between subjects who underwent ACL reconstruction following a non-contact ACL injury and a matched control uninjured group and (2) to investigate gender differences between ACL-injured subjects and gender-matched controls. A retrospective chart review was conducted of all 316 ACL-deficient patients at a large regional academic teaching hospital. A control group was established searching the database of the same hospital for subjects who underwent knee radiographs for acute knee complaints with no ACL injury. Subjects (n = 272 males n = 199 females n = 73) were included if a non-contact mechanism could be established. Exclusion criteria included previous ipsilateral knee injury and/or knee previous surgery. PTS was measured on a digitalized lateral radiograph using the axis of the posterior tibial cortex as a reference. There was a significant difference (P = 0.008) within the ACL injury group between males and females. There was no significant difference in the PTS angle between those patients with an ACL injury (5.8 ± 3.5 degrees) and the uninjured control group (5.6 ± 3.2 degrees), or between the male ACL injury patients (5.5 ± 3.4) and their control group (5.8 ± 3.1). However, there was a significant difference between the female ACL injury patients (6.7 ± 3.7) and their uninjured control group (5.0 ± 3.4) (P = 0.004). The results of this study suggest that increased posterior tibial slope appears to contribute to non-contact ACL injuries in females, but not in males.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-08-2017
DOI: 10.1111/AJR.12364
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-2011
Abstract: To examine whether wearing various size lower-body compression garments improves physiological and performance parameters related to endurance running in well-trained athletes. Eleven well-trained middle-distance runners and triathletes (age: 28.4 ± 10.0 y height: 177.3 ± 4.7 cm body mass: 72.6 ± 8.0 kg VO 2 max: 59.0 ± 6.7 mL·kg –1 ·min –1 ) completed repeat progressive maximal tests (PMT) and time-to-exhaustion (TTE) tests at 90% VO 2 max wearing either manufacturer-recommended LBCG (rLBCG), undersized LBCG (uLBCG), or loose running shorts (CONT). During all exercise testing, several systemic and peripheral physiological measures were taken. The results indicated similar effects of wearing rLBCG and uLBCG compared with the control. Across the PMT, wearing either LBCG resulted in significantly ( P .05) increased oxygen consumption, O 2 pulse, and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) and decreased running economy, oxyhemoglobin, and tissue oxygenation index (TOI) at low-intensity speeds (8–10 km·h –1 ). At higher speeds (12–18 km·h -1 ), wearing LBCG increased regional blood fow (nTHI) and HHb values, but significantly lowered heart rate and TOI. During the TTE, wearing either LBCG significantly ( P .05) increased HHb concentration, whereas wearing uLBCG also significantly ( P .05) increased nTHI. No improvement in endurance running performance was observed in either compression condition. The results suggest that wearing LBCG facilitated a small number of cardiorespiratory and peripheral physiological benefits that appeared mostly related to improvements in venous flow. However, these improvements appear trivial to athletes, as they did not correspond to any improvement in endurance running performance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.WOMBI.2019.07.302
Abstract: Exercise during pregnancy is associated with a variety of health benefits for both mother and child. Despite these benefits, few Australian pregnant women are sufficiently active to meet current exercise during pregnancy guidelines. Healthcare practitioners can play an instrumental role in encouraging women to be active during their pregnancy through the provision of clear and accurate exercise advice. However, little is known about the exercise advice that pregnant women receive from Healthcare practitioners. Regionally-based Australian women were asked to self-report the exercise advice they received from their Healthcare practitioners during their pregnancy via a survey during one of their clinic visits. Of the 131 participants, 53% (n=70) reported receiving some form of exercise advice from their Healthcare practitioner. Specifically, frequency of exercise was discussed among 34% of the participants (n=23) while exercise intensity 57% was discussed among 57% of the participants (n=38). Exercise duration was discussed among 39% of participants (n=26) and types of exercise was discussed among 84% of the participants (n=56). In most instances, participants report receiving advice not in accordance with current exercise during pregnancy guidelines. Healthcare practitioners may not be actively providing advice to pregnant women about their exercise behaviours. Of the advice that is provided, it may not in accordance with current evidence-based exercise during pregnancy guidelines. Whilst healthcare practitioners may be uniquely positioned to provide exercise advice to pregnant women, they may not have the necessary knowledge, training or support to provide specific exercise advice.
Publisher: The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.7600/JSPFSM.66.73
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2008
DOI: 10.2466/PMS.106.3.904-916
Abstract: This study assessed whether the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport) could be used to monitor changes in perceived stress and recovery during intensified training of rugby league players. 20 semiprofessional rugby league players were ided into two equal groups randomly assigned to complete 6 wk. of Normal Training or Intensified Training, each followed with a 7-day taper. Multistage Fitness Test performance and RESTQ–Sport measures were taken at the beginning, at 2-wk. intervals, and at the end of the training period. Endurance significantly decreased with Intensified Training and returned to baseline levels following the taper, while remaining unchanged in the Normal Training group. The RESTQ–Sport scores with training were positively related to stress subscale scores (Fatigue, Disturbed Breaks, and General Stress) and recovery subscale measures (Success, Physical Recovery, Being in Shape, Self-efficacy, Social Relaxation, General Well-being, and Sleep Quality) decreasing in the Intensified Training group and then normalising following the taper (Stress subscales: Fatigue and General Stress, and Recovery subscales: Physical Recovery and General Well-being). The RESTQ–Sport is a practical psychometric tool for monitoring responses to training in team-sport athletes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: Universidad de Alicante Servicio de Publicaciones
Date: 2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-05-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-02-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JTHERBIO.2016.05.006
Abstract: Cold water immersion (CWI) and ice massage (IM) are commonly used treatments to prevent the delay onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) however, little is known on their relative benefits and effectiveness to lower tissue temperature. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of IM and CMI on tissue temperature and potential benefit to preventing DOMS. The research encompassed 36 subjects ided into three groups of twelve depending on the form of recovery: ice massage (IM), cold-water immersion (CWI), or passive recovery (PAS). All the participants were asked to jump as high as possible from a full squat for one minute. Thermal imaging was conducted at rest, immediately following the exercise, immediately after the trial, following the recovery treatment, and after 30min of rest. Their pain levels were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). After applying the selected method for supporting recovery, the LA level decreased by 4.25mmol/L in the IM group, and by 4.96mmol/L in the CWI group (IM vs. CWI p>0.05). The 2.75mmol/L decrease in lactate concentration in the PAS group was significantly lower than in the other groups (IM vs. PAS p<0.05/ CWI vs. PAS p<0.01). In both groups, Tsk after 30min was significantly lower (ΔTsk~0.5°C) than at rest (p 0.05). Seventy-two hours after the exercise, a clear decrease in discomfort was observed in the IM and CWI groups compared to the PAS group. The two applied treatments have proven to be effective both in utilizing lactate and preventing DOMS. Depending on training requirements, we recommend the use of IM when athletes experience localized muscle fatigue. One the other hand, CWI is recommended in situations of global or generalized muscle injury or fatigue.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 05-2020
Abstract: Purpose : Due to age-related changes in the psychobiological state of masters athletes, this brief report aimed to compare training load responses using heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during standardized training sessions between masters and young cyclists. Methods : Masters (n = 10 55.6 [5.0] y) and young (n = 8 25.9 [3.0] y) cyclists performed separate endurance and high-intensity interval training sessions. Endurance intensity was set at 95% of ventilatory threshold 2 for 1 hour. High-intensity interval training consisted of 6 × 30-second intervals at 175% peak power output with 4.5-minute rest between intervals. HR was monitored continuously and RPE collected at standardized time periods during each session. Banister training impulse and summated-HR-zones training loads were also calculated. Results : Despite a significantly lower mean HR in masters cyclists during endurance ( P = .04 d = 1.06 [±0.8], moderate) and high-intensity interval training ( P = .01 d = 1.34 [±0.8], large), no significant differences were noted ( P .05) when responses were determined relative to maximum HR or converted to training impulse and summated-HR-zone loads. Furthermore, no interaction or between-group differences were evident for RPE across either session ( P .05). Conclusions : HR and RPE values were comparable between masters and young cyclists when relative HR responses and HR training load models are used. This finding suggests HR and RPE methods used to monitor or prescribe training load can be used interchangeably between masters and young athletes irrespective of chronological age.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 04-2018
Abstract: Due to their high physical functioning, masters athletes are regularly proposed to exemplify successful aging. However, successful aging research on masters athletes has never been undertaken using a multidimensional successful aging model. To determine the best model for future successful aging research on masters athletes, we had masters swimmers (N = 169, M age = 57.4 years, 61% women) self-report subjective successful aging, and physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning. Using this data we tested one hypothesized and three alternative successful aging models. The hypothesized model fit the data best (-2LL = 2052.32, AIC = 1717) with physical (β = 0.31, SE = 0.11), psychological (β = 0.25, SE = 0.11), and social (β = 1.20, SE = 0.63) functioning factors significantly loading onto a higher order successful aging latent factor. Successful aging should be conceptualized as a multidimensional phenomenon in future masters athlete research.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2011.12.008
Abstract: To describe the physiological and activity demands experienced by Australian female basketball players during competition. A between-subjects (positional comparison) repeated measures (playing periods) observational experimental design was followed. State-level basketball players (n=12 age: 22.0±3.7 yr body mass: 72.9±14.2 kg stature: 174.2±6.9 cm body fat: 17.2±5.6% estimated V˙O(2max):43.3±5.7 ml kg⁻¹ min⁻¹) volunteered to participate. Heart rate (HR) and blood lactate concentration ([BLa]) were collected across eight competitive matches. Overall and positional player activity demands were calculated across three matches using time-motion analysis methodology. Activity frequencies, total durations and total distances were determined for various activity categories. Mean (±SD) HR responses of 162±3b min⁻¹ (82.4±1.3% HR(max)) and 136±6b min⁻¹ (68.6±3.1% HR(max)) were evident across live and total time during matches. A mean [BLa] of 3.7±1.4 mmol L⁻¹ was observed across competition. Player activity demands were unchanged across match periods, with 1752±186 movements performed and 5214±315 m travelled across total live match time. Furthermore, 39±3%, 52±2%, 5±1% and 4±1% of total live time was spent performing low-intensity, moderate-intensity, high-intensity and dribbling activity. Positional comparisons revealed backcourt players performed more ball dribbling (p<0.001) and less standing/walking (p<0.01) and running (p<0.05) than frontcourt players. Together, these findings highlight the high intermittent demands and important contributions of both anaerobic and aerobic metabolic pathways during state-level female basketball competition.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2013
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Date: 02-2007
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of overreaching on muscle strength, power, endurance and selected biochemical responses in rugby league players. Seven semi-professional rugby league players (.VO(2max) = 56.1 +/- 1.7 mL . kg (-1) . min (-1) age = 25.7 +/- 2.6 yr BMI = 27.6 +/- 2.0) completed 6 weeks of progressive overload training with limited recovery periods. A short 7-day stepwise reduction taper immediately followed the overload period. Measures of muscular strength, power and endurance and selected biochemical parameters were taken before and after overload training and taper. Multistage fitness test running performance was significantly reduced (12.3 %) following the overload period. Although most other performance measures tended to decrease following the overload period, only peak hamstring torque at 1.05 rad . s (-1) was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Following the taper, a significant increase in peak hamstring torque and isokinetic work at both slow (1.05 rad . s (-1)) and fast (5.25 rad . s (-1)) movement velocities were observed. Minimum clinically important performance decreases were measured in a multistage fitness test, vertical jump, 3-RM squat and 3-RM bench press and chin-up (max) following the overload period. Following the taper, minimum clinically important increases in the multistage fitness test, vertical jump, 3-RM squat and 3-RM bench press and chin-up (max) and 10-m sprint performance were observed. Compared to resting measures, the plasma testosterone to cortisol ratio, plasma glutamate, plasma glutamine to glutamate ratio and plasma creatine kinase activity demonstrated significant changes at the end of the overload training period (p < 0.05). These results suggest that muscular strength, power and endurance were reduced following the overload training, indicating a state of overreaching. The most likely explanation for the decreased performance is increased muscle damage via a decrease in the anabolic-catabolic balance.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-11-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-12-2008
DOI: 10.1007/S11556-008-0041-6
Abstract: With increasing age, it appears that masters athletes competing in anaerobic events (10–100 s) decline linearly in performance until 70 years of age, after which the rate of decline appears to accelerate. This decline in performance appears strongly related to a decreased anaerobic work capacity, which has been observed in both sedentary and well-trained older in iduals. Previously, a number of factors have been suggested to influence anaerobic work capacity including gender, muscle mass, muscle fiber type, muscle fiber size, muscle architecture and strength, substrate availability, efficiency of metabolic pathways, accumulation of reaction products, aerobic energy contribution, heredity, and physical training. The effects of sedentary aging on these factors have been widely discussed within literature. Less data are available on the changes in these factors in masters athletes who have continued to train at high intensities with the aim of participating in competition. The available research has reported that these masters athletes still demonstrate age-related changes in these factors. Specifically, it appears that morphological (decreased muscle mass, type II muscle fiber atrophy), muscle contractile property (decreased rate of force development), and biochemical changes (changes in enzyme activity, decreased lactate production) may explain the decreased anaerobic performance in masters athletes. However, the reduction in anaerobic work capacity and subsequent performance may largely be the result of physiological changes that are an inevitable result of the aging process, although their effects may be minimized by continuing specific high-intensity resistance or sprint training.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2016
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 19-04-2016
DOI: 10.1201/B10203-9
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-01-2015
DOI: 10.1111/INM.12125
Abstract: Nurses working in mental health are well positioned to prescribe exercise to people with mental illness. However, little is known regarding their exercise-prescription practices. We examined the self-reported physical activity and exercise-prescription practices of nurses working in inpatient mental health facilities. Thirty-four nurses completed the Exercise in Mental Illness Questionnaire - Health Practitioner Version. Non-parametric bivariate statistics revealed no relationship between nurses' self-reported physical activity participation and the frequency of exercise prescription for people with mental illness. Exercise-prescription parameters used by nurses are consistent with those recommended for both the general population and for people with mental illness. A substantial number of barriers to effective exercise prescription, including lack of training, systemic issues (such as prioritization and lack of time), and lack of consumer motivation, impact on the prescription of exercise for people with mental illness. Addressing the barriers to exercise prescription could improve the proportion of nurses who routinely prescribe exercise. Collaboration with exercise professionals, such as accredited exercise physiologists or physiotherapists, might improve knowledge of evidence-based exercise-prescription practices for people with mental illness, thereby improving both physical and mental health outcomes for this vulnerable population.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001960
Abstract: Del Vecchio, L, Stanton, R, Reaburn, P, Macgregor, C, Meerkin, J, Villegas, J, and Korhonen, MT. Effects of combined strength and sprint training on lean mass, strength, power, and sprint performance in masters road cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 33(1): 66–79, 2019—Strength and sprint-training exercises are integral part of training in many younger endurance cyclists to improve cycling efficiency and sprinting ability. This study was undertaken to examine whether muscle and performance characteristics could be improved in endurance-trained masters cyclist by adding strength and sprint-training stimuli into their training regimen. Twenty-five masters road cyclists were assigned to a combined strength and sprint-training group (CT n = 9, 53.5 ± 9.3 years), a sprint-training group (ST, n = 7, 49.4 ± 4.8 years) or a control group (CG, n = 9, 56.9 ± 8.6 years). Before and after the 12 weeks intervention, whole body lean mass, total lower limb lean mass (LLLM), countermovement jump height, peak isometric torque of quadriceps and hamstring muscles were examined. For evaluation of sport-specific performance, 10-second sprint cycling peak power (PP10), total 30 seconds work (TW), PP output and flying 200-m time trial (TT) performance were assessed. No pretraining differences were observed between CT, ST, and CG groups for any of the dependant variables. After training, a significant ( p 0.05) between group difference was observed in TW between CT and CG groups. A significant effect of time ( p 0.05) was observed for LLLM in CT and ST groups, and for TT in the CT group. These results suggest including strength and sprint exercises in training can increase LLLM and sprint performance in endurance-trained masters road cyclists. Further research is warranted to find out an ideal pattern of training to maintain aerobic capabilities along with sprint performance in aging road cyclists.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-04-2016
DOI: 10.1111/AJR.12293
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2010.512640
Abstract: In this study, we investigated the effects of two hydrotherapy interventions on match running performance and perceptual measures of fatigue and recovery during a 4-day soccer tournament. Twenty male junior soccer players were assigned to one of two treatment groups and undertook either cold-water immersion (5 × 1 min at 10 °C) or thermoneutral water immersion (5 × 1 min at 34 °C) after each match. High-intensity running distance (>15 km · h⁻¹) and total distance covered, time spent in low ( 90% maximum heart rate) heart rate zones, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded for each match. Perceptions of general fatigue and leg soreness were recorded approximately 22 h after each match. There were decreases in both groups across the 4-day tournament for high-intensity running distance (P = 0.006, Cohen's d = 0.63), total distance run (P < 0.001, d = 0.90), time in high heart rate zone (P = 0.003, d = 0.90), and match RPE (P = 0.012, d = 0.52). Cold-water immersion was more effective than thermoneutral immersion for reducing the perception of leg soreness (P = 0.004, d = -0.92) and general fatigue (P = 0.007, d = -0.91), ameliorating the decrement in total distance run (P = 0.001, d = 0.55), and maintaining time in the moderate heart rate zone (P = 0.01, d = 1.06). In conclusion, cold-water immersion mediates the perceptions of fatigue and recovery and enhances the restoration of some match-related performance measures during a 4-day tournament.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2006.05.023
Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to assess the reliability of the i-STAT clinical portable analyser and CG(4)(+) cartridge measures of blood pH, partial pressures of O(2) (pO(2)) and CO(2) (pCO(2)), bicarbonate ([HCO(3)(-)]), base excess (BE), total carbon dioxide (TCO(2)), oxygen saturation (sO(2)) and blood lactate ([BLa(-)]) at various exercise intensities. A comparison between [BLa(-)] measured by the i-STAT and the Accusport lactate analysers during an intermittent treadmill run was also undertaken. The technical error of measurement (TEM%) at rest, at moderate (200W) and maximal exercise (V O(2)max) was acceptable (<15%) for all parameters. The intra-class correlation coefficients for each analyte ranged from weak-to-strong across resting (ICC=0.19-0.96) and moderate (ICC=0.30-0.96) exercise intensities. The ICC for all analytes were observed to be strong following maximal intensity exercise (ICC=0.77-0.95). The comparison of the [BLa(-)] measures between the i-STAT and Accusport showed that the difference between measures was acceptable at both low ( 4mmolL(-1)) (0.58+/-1.22mmolL(-1)), and across all [BLa(-)] data (0.36+/-1.13mmolL(-1)). In conclusion, the i-STAT clinical analyser and CG(4)(+) cartridge provides reliable measures of a number of blood parameters across exercise intensities. The [BLa(-)] measures from the i-STAT analyser are consistent with that of the Accusport lactate analyser.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2011
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2011.582509
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to describe the differences in the activity demands of sub-elite and elite Australian men's basketball competition. Ten elite (age 28.3 ± 4.9 years, mass 97.0 ± 13.9 kg, height 197.4 ± 8.3 cm) and 12 sub-elite (age 26.1 ± 5.3 years, mass 85.9 ± 13.2 kg, height 191.4 ± 7.6 cm) Australian basketball players participated in the study. Player activity was analysed using video-based time-motion analysis across multiple in-season matches. Customized analytical software was used to calculate player activity into frequencies, mean and total durations (s), and mean and total distances (m) for standing/walking, jogging, running, sprinting, low shuffling, high shuffling, and dribbling movements. Only movement frequency was calculated for jumping and upper body activity. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that elite players performed significantly more total movement changes (P <0.001), and experienced greater activity workloads while jogging (P <0.01) and running (P <0.002). In contrast, sub-elite players performed significantly more standing/walking (P <0.023) and sprinting (P <0.003) activities. These data suggest that elite basketball competition requires a greater intermittent workload and more sustained activity demands, whereas sub-elite competition may involve greater bursts of activity and longer recovery periods. These differences are likely to reflect variations in player skill and fitness, as well as playing structure between playing standards.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 10-2020
Abstract: Little is known about the effect of preceding endurance-exercise bouts on subsequent resistance-training (RT) performance in team-sport players. Purpose : To examine the effect of prior skills/endurance training and different recovery time periods on subsequent same-day RT performance in professional Australian football players. Methods : Sport-specific endurance-running loads (duration [in minutes], total distance [in meters], mean speed [in meters per minute], high-speed running km·h −1 , and relative high-speed running [ % and % of maximal velocity]) were obtained for 46 professional Australian football players for each training session across an entire competitive season. RT was prescribed in 3 weekly mesocycles with tonnage (in kilograms) lifted recorded as RT performance. Endurance and RT sessions were interspersed by different recovery durations: ∼20 min and 1, 2, and 3 h. Fixed- and mixed-effect linear models assessed the influence of skills/endurance-running loads on RT performance. Models also accounted for season period (preseason vs in-season) and recovery duration between concurrent training bouts. Results : An increase in high-speed running and distance covered % and % of maximal velocity had the greatest reductions on RT performance. In-season total distance covered displayed greater negative effects on subsequent RT performance compared with preseason, while ∼20-min recovery between skills/endurance and RT was associated with greater reductions in RT performance, compared with 1-, 2-, and 3-h recovery. Conclusions : Sport-specific endurance-running loads negatively affect subsequent same-day RT performance, and this effect is greater in-season and with shorter recovery durations between bouts.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 03-2002
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of prior glycerol loading on competitive Olympic distance triathlon performance (ODT) in high ambient temperatures. Ten (3 female and 7 male) well-trained triathletes (VO 2max = 58.4 ±2.4 ml-kg −1 min −1 best ODT time = 131.5 ± 2.6 min) completed 2 ODTs (1.5-km swim, 40-km bicycle, 10-km run) in a randomly assigned (placebo/ glycerol) double-blind study conducted 2 weeks apart. The wet-bulb globe temperature (outdoors) was 30.5 + 0.5 °C (relative humidity: 46.3 ± 1.1% hot) and 25.4 + 0.2 °C (relative humidity: 51.7 ± 2.4% warm) for day 1 and day 2, respectively. The glycerol solution consisted of 1.2 g of glycerol per kilogram of body mass (BM) and 25 ml of a 0.75 g · kg −1 BM carbohydrate solution (Gatorade®) and was consumed over a 60-min period, 2 hours prior to each ODT. Measures of performance (ODT time), fluid retention, urine output, blood plasma volume changes, and sweat loss were obtained prior to and during the ODT in both the glycerol and placebo conditions. Following glycerol loading, the increase in ODT completion time between the hot and warm conditions was significantly less than the placebo group (placebo 11:40 min vs. glycerol 1:47 min p .05). The majority of the performance improvement occurred during the final 10-km run leg of ODT on the hot day. Hyperhydration occurred as a consequence of a reduced diuresis ( p .05) and a subsequent increase in fluid retention ( p .05). No significant differences were observed in sweat loss between the glycerol and placebo conditions. Plasma volume expansion during the loading period was significantly greater ( p .05) on the hot day when glycerol appeared to attenuate the performance decrement in the heat. The present results suggest that glycerol hyperhydration prior to ODT in high ambient temperatures may provide some protection against the negative performance effects of competing in the heat.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-02-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S10286-017-0398-6
Abstract: This study aimed at examining the autonomic cardiovascular modulation in well-trained masters and young cyclists following high-intensity interval training (HIT). Nine masters (age 55.6 ± 5.0 years) and eight young cyclists (age 25.9 ± 3.0 years) completed a HIT protocol of 6 x 30 sec at 175% of peak power output, with 4.5-min' rest between efforts. Immediately following HIT, heart rate and R-R intervals were monitored for 30-min during passive supine recovery. Autonomic modulation was examined by i) heart rate recovery in the first 60-sec of recovery (HRR No significant between-group differences were observed for HRR Following high-intensity interval training, master cyclists demonstrated greater post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation compared to young cyclists, indicating that physical training at older ages has significant effects on autonomic function.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.FOOT.2012.04.008
Abstract: The use of correct in idually selected running shoes may reduce the incidence of running injuries. However, the runner needs to be aware of their foot anatomy to ensure the "correct" footwear is chosen. The purpose of this study was to compare the in idual runner's knowledge of their arch type to the arch index derived from a static footprint. We examined 92 recreational runners with a mean age of 35.4±11.4 (12-63) years. A questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge of the runners about arch height and overpronation. A clinical examination was undertaken using defined criteria and the arch index was analysed using weight-bearing footprints. Forty-five runners (49%) identified their foot arch correctly. Eighteen of the 41 flat-arched runners (44%) identified their arch correctly. Twenty-four of the 48 normal-arched athletes (50%) identified their arch correctly. Three subjects with a high arch identified their arch correctly. Thirty-eight runners assessed themselves as overpronators only four (11%) of these athletes were positively identified. Of the 34 athletes who did not categorize themselves as overpronators, four runners (12%) had clinical overpronation. The findings of this research suggest that runners possess poor knowledge of both their foot arch and dynamic pronation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2000
DOI: 10.1016/S1440-2440(00)80075-4
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to quantify the movement patterns and work intensities of field umpires while officiating in the three-umpire system of the Australian Football League (AFL). Five umpires were randomly selected and videoed throughout five AFL-matches played at the Brisbane Cricket Ground. Each video was analysed manually for time spent in each of four movement modalities: forward, backward, sideways and stationary which were further analysed into the categories of forward sprinting, forward cruising/jogging and forward walking backward fast/moderate and backward slow sideways movement and stationary. The following calculations were made: a) the total time spent performing each movement modality b) the relative contribution (%) of time spent in each activity and c) the work to rest ratio. The relative time contribution of each movement modality was: Sprinting (1.9+/-0.2%), Cruising/Jogging (26.1+/-3.2%), Walking (21.9+/-3.1%). Fast/Moderate Backward (14.6+/-1.2%), Slow Backward (13.6+/-1.0%), Sideways (2.2+/-0.3%) and Stationary (19.7+/-2.7%). The average time of effort for each movement modality were found to be: Sprinting (2.2+/-0.4 secs), Cruising/Jogging (6.09+/-1.3 secs), Walking (9.9+/-1.1 secs), Backward Fast/Moderate (4.4+/-0.3 secs), Backward Slow (5.2+/-0.8 secs), Sideways (1.7+/-0.1 secs) and Stationary (7.4+/-1.4 secs). The average work to rest ratio was approximately between 1:4-1:5. The current findings provide a detailed description of the movement patterns and work intensities of AFL field umpires which may be used in the development of training programs specific to the three-umpire system.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-10-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.1080/02640410802603855
Abstract: In this study, we investigated the effect of water immersion on physical test performance and perception of fatigue/recovery during a 4-day simulated soccer tournament. Twenty high-performance junior male soccer players (age 15.9 +/- 0.6 years) played four matches in 4 days and undertook either cold-water immersion (10 +/- 0.5 degrees C) or thermoneutral water immersion (34 +/- 0.5 degrees C) after each match. Physical performance tests (countermovement jump height, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion after a standard 5-min run and 12 x 20-m repeated sprint test), intracellular proteins, and inflammatory markers were recorded approximately 90 min before each match and 22 h after the final match. Perceptual measures of recovery (physical, mental, leg soreness, and general fatigue) were recorded 22 h after each match. There were non-significant reductions in countermovement jump height (1.7-7.3%, P = 0.74, eta(2) = 0.34) and repeated sprint ability (1.0-2.1%, P = 0.41, eta(2) = 0.07) over the 4-day tournament with no differences between groups. Post-shuttle run rating of perceived exertion increased over the tournament in both groups (P < 0.001, eta(2) = 0.48), whereas the perceptions of leg soreness (P = 0.004, eta(2) = 0.30) and general fatigue (P = 0.007, eta(2) = 0.12) were lower in the cold-water immersion group than the thermoneutral immersion group over the tournament. Creatine kinase (P = 0.004, eta(2) = 0.26) and lactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.001, eta(2) = 0.40) concentrations increased in both groups but there were no changes over time for any inflammatory markers. These results suggest that immediate post-match cold-water immersion does not affect physical test performance or indices of muscle damage and inflammation but does reduce the perception of general fatigue and leg soreness between matches in tournaments.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-04-2015
DOI: 10.1111/JPM.12205
Abstract: Exercise is valuable in the treatment of mental illness, yet personal and organizational barriers limit widespread implementation by nurses in mental health settings. Using a self-report questionnaire, we sought to identify how often nurses prescribe exercise and their level of agreement with previously identified barriers to exercise prescription and participation for mental health consumers. Nurses disagree that many of the previously identified barriers should impede exercise prescription for people with mental illness. Nurses agree that many of the barriers expressed by mental health consumers might prevent exercise participation. Our study provides valuable new insight into the role of nurses in the provision of exercise for people with mental illness however, it is limited to a small s le. Confirmation of these findings in larger, geographically and professionally erse groups is needed. Evidence is mounting for the efficacy of exercise in the treatment of people with mental illness. Nurses working in mental health settings are well placed to provide exercise advice for people with mental illness. However, quantitative examinations of the barriers to exercise prescription experienced by nurses, or their views regarding the barriers to exercise participation experienced by people with mental illness, are lacking. In this study, 34 nurses completed the Exercise in Mental Illness Questionnaire-Health Professionals Version (EMIQ-HP). This survey examined the frequency of exercise prescription and the level of agreement with statements regarding barriers to exercise prescription for, and exercise participation by, people with mental illness. The level of agreement scores for statements for each section was summed, with a higher score indicating a higher level of agreement. Nurses disagree with many of the barriers to exercise prescription presented in the literature. The level of agreement scores did not differ between nurses who prescribe exercise 'Always', 'Most of the time', 'Occasionally' or 'Never'. We found a non-significant negative relationship between frequency of exercise prescription and summed level of agreement scores for barriers to exercise prescription. Consensus regarding barriers to exercise participation by mental health consumers is less clear. This study provides valuable new insight into the role of nurses in the provision of exercise for people with mental illness. Confirmation in larger s les is needed before translation of research to practice.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-06-2015
DOI: 10.1071/HE15012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-02-2021
Publisher: Korean Society of Exercise Rehabilitation
Date: 31-10-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1080/0264041031000070831
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine heart rate, blood lactate concentration and estimated energy expenditure during a competitive rugby league match. Seventeen well-trained rugby league players (age, 23.9 +/- 4.1 years VO2max, 57.9 +/- 3.6 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) height, 1.82 +/- 0.06 m body mass, 90.2 +/- 9.6 kg mean +/- s) participated in the study. Heart rate was recorded continuously throughout the match using Polar Vantage NV recordable heart rate monitors. Blood lactate s les (n = 102) were taken before the match, after the warm-up, at random stoppages in play, at half time and immediately after the match. Estimated energy expenditure during the match was calculated from the heart rate-VO2 relationship determined in laboratory tests. The mean team heart rate (n = 15) was not significantly different between halves (167 +/- 9 vs 165 +/- 11 beats x min(-1)). Mean match intensity was 81.1 +/- 5.8% VO2max. Mean match blood lactate concentration was 7.2 +/- 2.5 mmol x l(-1), with concentrations for the first half (8.4 +/- 1.8 mmol x l(-1)) being significantly higher than those for the second half (5.9 +/- 2.5 mmol x l(-1)) (P<0.05). Energy expenditure was approximately 7.9 MJ. These results demonstrate that semi-professional rugby league is a highly aerobic game with a considerable anaerobic component requiring high lactate tolerance. Training programmes should reflect these demands placed on players during competitive match-play.
Publisher: PeerJ
Date: 13-10-2020
DOI: 10.7717/PEERJ.10031
Abstract: Little is known about contrast training and post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) in a same day concurrent training model. The aim of the current study was to examine the use of two short duration (1-min and 4-min) recovery periods on drop jump performance in same day concurrently trained athletes. Ten professional Australian Rules footballers (age, 20.6 ± 1.9 yr height, 184.8 ± 6.9 cm body mass, 85.8 ± 8.4 kg) completed two resistance training sessions with different PAPE recovery durations 1-min and 4-min, 1 h following a field-based endurance session. Baseline (pre) drop jumps were compared to post-test maximal drop jumps, performed after each set of three squats (where each participant was encouraged to lift as heavy as they could), to determine changes between 1-min and 4-min recovery periods. Data were analysed by fitting a mixed model (significance was set at P ≤ 0.05). Corrected Hedges’ g standardised effect sizes ±95% confidence limits were calculated using group means ± SDs. There were no significant differences between baseline and experimental sets 1, 2 and 3 for reactive strength index (RSI), flight time, and total and relative impulse for either recovery duration. However, for contact time, 1-min baseline was significantly different from set 2 (mean difference 95% CI [0.029 0.000–0.057 s], P = 0.047, ES 95% CI [−0.27 −1.20 to 0.66]). For RSI and flight time, 1-min was significantly higher than 4-min (RSI: 0.367 0.091 to 0.642, P = 0.010, ES 95% CI [0.52 −0.37 to 1.42] flight time: 0.033 0.003 to 0.063 s, P = 0.027, ES 95% CI [0.86 −0.06 to 1.78]). Short recovery periods of 1-min may be a time-efficient form of prescribing strength-power exercise in contrast loading schemes. Longer recovery periods do not appear to benefit immediate, subsequent performance.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-2016
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 13-10-2015
DOI: 10.1111/PPC.12088
Abstract: To investigate the views of general practitioners (GPs) regarding exercise and the treatment of depression. Twenty GPs completed a 25-item survey investigating their knowledge, beliefs, perceived benefits and barriers, and recommendations to patients regarding exercise for the treatment of depression. The exercise habits of the GPs were also recorded. GPs are positive toward exercise in the treatment of depression despite low levels of confidence in prescribing exercise or limited measurable benefits. Exercise patterns of GPs were not associated with GP exercise prescription habits. Education, use of support materials and referral schemes, and increasing exercise behavior among GPs may increase the use of exercise as treatment for people with depression.
No related grants have been discovered for Peter Reaburn.