Mridula Sharma

Oscillatory decoupling differentiates auditory encoding deficits in children with listening problems

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.CLINPH.2015.11.003

Abstract: We sought to examine whether oscillatory EEG responses to a speech stimulus in both quiet and noise were different in children with listening problems than in children with normal hearing. We employed a high-resolution spectral-temporal analysis of the cortical auditory evoked potential in response to a 150 ms speech sound /da/ in quiet and 3 dB SNR in 21 typically developing children (mean age=10.7 years, standard deviation=1.7) and 44 children with reported listening problems (LP) with absence of hearing loss (mean age=10.3 years, standard deviation=1.6). Children with LP were assessed for auditory processing disorder (APD) by which 24 children had APD, and 20 children did not. Peak latencies, magnitudes, and frequencies were compared between these groups. Children with LP had frequency shifts in the theta, and alpha bands (p<0.05), and children with LP+APD had additional frequency (p<0.01) and latency shifts (p<0.05) in the upper beta and in the lower gamma bands. These results provide evidence for differences in higher level modulatory processing in children with LP, and that APD is driven by differences in early auditory encoding. These findings may better guide future research toward improving the differential diagnosis and treatment of listening problems in this population of children.

Dichotic listening is associated with phonological awareness in Australian aboriginal children with otitis media: A remote community-based study

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.IJPORL.2020.110398

Comorbidity of auditory processing, language, and reading disorders

Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association

Date: 06-2009

DOI: 10.1044/1092-4388(2008/07-0226)

Abstract: The authors assessed comorbidity of auditory processing disorder (APD), language impairment (LI), and reading disorder (RD) in school-age children. Children ( N = 68) with suspected APD and nonverbal IQ standard scores of 80 or more were assessed using auditory, language, reading, attention, and memory measures. Auditory processing tests included the Frequency Pattern Test (FPT F. E. Musiek, 1994 D. Noffsinger, R. H. Wilson, & F. E. Musiek, 1994) the Dichotic Digit Test Version 2 (DDT F. E. Musiek, 1983) the Random Gap Detection Test (R. W. Keith, 2000) the 500-Hz tone Masking Level Difference (V. Aithal, A. Yonovitz, & S. Aithal, 2006) and a monaural low-redundancy speech test (compressed and reverberant words A. Boothroyd & S. Nittrouer, 1988). The Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Fourth Edition (E. Semel, E. Wiig, & W. Secord, 2003) was used to assess language abilities (including auditory memory). Reading accuracy and fluency and phonological awareness abilities were assessed using the Wheldall Assessment of Reading Passages (A. Madelaine & K. Wheldall, 2002) and the Queensland University Inventory of Literacy (B. Dodd, A. Holm, M. Orelemans, & M. McCormick, 1996). Attention was measured using the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (J. A. Sandford & A. Turner, 1995). Of the children, 72% had APD on the basis of these test results. Most of these children (25%) had difficulty with the FPT bilaterally. A further 22% had difficulty with the FPT bilaterally and had right ear deficits for the DDT. About half of the children (47%) had problems in all 3 areas (APD, LI, and RD) these children had the poorest FPT scores. More had APD–RD, or APD–LI, than APD, RD, or LI alone. There were modest correlations between FPT scores and attention and memory, and between DDT scores and memory. LI and RD commonly co-occur with APD. Attention and memory are linked to performance on some auditory processing tasks but only explain a small amount of the variance in scores. Comprehensive assessment across a range of areas is required to characterize the difficulties experienced by children with APD.

Electrophysiological measures of binaural interaction in cochlear implantees

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2004

DOI: 10.1016/J.ICS.2004.09.005

Effects of lifetime noise exposure on the middle-age human auditory brainstem response, tinnitus and speech-in-noise intelligibility

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.HEARES.2018.06.003

Abstract: Recent animal studies have shown that the synapses between inner hair cells and the dendrites of the spiral ganglion cells they innervate are the elements in the cochlea most vulnerable to excessive noise exposure. Particularly in rodents, several studies have concluded that exposure to high level octave-band noise for 2 h leads to an irreversible loss of around 50% of synaptic ribbons, leaving audiometric hearing thresholds unaltered. Cochlear synaptopathy following noise exposure is hypothesized to degrade the neural encoding of sounds at the subcortical level, which would help explain certain listening-in-noise difficulties reported by some subjects with otherwise 'normal' hearing. In response to this peripheral damage, increased gain of central stages of the auditory system has been observed across several species of mammals, particularly in association with tinnitus. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave I litude and waves I-V litude ratio have been suggested as non-invasive indicators of cochlear synaptopathy and central gain activation respectively, but the evidence for these hearing disorders in humans is inconclusive. In this study, we evaluated the influence of lifetime noise exposure (LNE) on the human ABR and on speech-in-noise intelligibility performance in a large cohort of adults aged 29 to 55. Despite large inter-subject variability, results showed a moderate, but statistically significant, negative correlation between the ABR wave I litude and LNE, consistent with cochlear synaptopathy. The results also showed (a) that central gain mechanisms observed in animal studies might also occur in humans, in which higher stages of the auditory pathway appear to compensate for reduced input from the cochlea (b) that tinnitus was associated with activation of central gain mechanisms (c) that relevant cognitive and subcortical factors influence speech-in-noise intelligibility, in particular, longer ABR waves I-V interpeak latencies were associated with poorer performance in understanding speech in noise when central gain mechanisms were active and (d) absence of a significant relationship between LNE and tinnitus, central gain activation or speech-in-noise performance. Although this study supports the possible existence of cochlear synaptopathy in humans, the great degree of variability, the lack of uniformity in central gain activation and the significant involvement of attention in speech-in-noise performance suggests that noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy is, at most, one of several factors that play a role in humans' speech-in-noise performance.

Comparing NAL-NL1 and DSL v5 in Hearing Aids Fit to Children with Severe or Profound Hearing Loss: Goodness of Fit-to-Targets, Impacts on Predicted Loudness and Speech Intelligibility

Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG

Date: 03-2015

DOI: 10.3766/JAAA.26.3.6

Abstract: Background: An important goal of providing lification to children with hearing loss is to ensure that hearing aids are adjusted to match targets of prescriptive procedures as closely as possible. The Desired Sensation Level (DSL) v5 and the National Acoustic Laboratories’ prescription for nonlinear hearing aids, version 1 (NAL-NL1) procedures are widely used in fitting hearing aids to children. Little is known about hearing aid fitting outcomes for children with severe or profound hearing loss. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prescribed and measured gain of hearing aids fit according to the NAL-NL1 and the DSL v5 procedure for children with moderately severe to profound hearing loss and to examine the impact of choice of prescription on predicted speech intelligibility and loudness. Research Design: Participants were fit with Phonak Naida V SP hearing aids according to the NAL-NL1 and DSL v5 procedures. The Speech Intelligibility Index (SII) and estimated loudness were calculated using published models. Study S le: The s le consisted of 16 children (30 ears) aged between 7 and 17 yr old. Data Collection and Analysis: The measured hearing aid gains were compared with the prescribed gains at 50 (low), 65 (medium), and 80 dB SPL (high) input levels. The goodness of fit-to-targets was quantified by calculating the average root-mean-square (RMS) error of the measured gain compared with prescriptive gain targets for 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. The significance of difference between prescriptions for hearing aid gains, SII, and loudness was examined by performing analyses of variance. Correlation analyses were used to examine the relationship between measures. Results: The DSL v5 prescribed significantly higher overall gain than the NAL-NL1 procedure for the same audiograms. For low and medium input levels, the hearing aids of all children fit with NAL-NL1 were within 5 dB RMS of prescribed targets, but 33% (10 ears) deviated from the DSL v5 targets by more than 5 dB RMS on average. For high input level, the hearing aid fittings of 60% and 43% of ears deviated by more than 5 dB RMS from targets of NAL-NL1 and DSL v5, respectively. Greater deviations from targets were associated with more severe hearing loss. On average, the SII was higher for DSL v5 than for NAL-NL1 at low input level. No significant difference in SII was found between prescriptions at medium or high input level, despite greater loudness for DSL v5 than for NAL-NL1. Conclusions: Although targets between 0.25 and 2 kHz were well matched for both prescriptions in commercial hearing aids, gain targets at 4 kHz were matched for NAL-NL1 only. Although the two prescriptions differ markedly in estimated loudness, they resulted in comparable predicted speech intelligibility for medium and high input levels.

Auditory, cognitive, and linguistic processing skills in individuals with hearing loss

Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)

Date: 03-2018

DOI: 10.1121/1.5036118

Abstract: Hearing impairment affects a person’s ability to communicate effectively. People with hearing loss (HL) report difficulty communicating in noise, even when the HL is compensated by conventional lification. This study aims to investigate factors that contribute to understanding speech in noise. Nine adults with HL and nine controls participated in the study. The test-battery include auditory, cognitive and linguistic tests. For the HL group, auditory stimuli were filtered with NAL-RP prescription to compensate for their HL. Results indicate a significant difference in performance between the groups on the Modulation Detection Threshold (MDT) test [F (1, 15) = 3.24, p =0.04] and the speech recognition in noise test [f (1, 15) = 25.6, p& .001]. HL group performed better on the MDT and poorer at recognising speech in noise possibly due to broadening of auditory filters. With the broadened auditory filters in mind, this result supports the fact that they would have poor frequency specificity, detrimental for speech recognition. HL group performed better than the control group on the cognitive spare capacity test [f (1, 15) = 4.72, p= 0.04]. Preliminary data suggests that adults with HL may compensate for hearing-related difficulties in certain situations by using their cognitive skills.

Electrophysiological and behavioural study of localisation in presence of noise

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 20-03-2019

DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2019.1575989

Abstract: The ability to determine the location of the sound source is often important for effective communication. However, it is not clear how the localisation is affected by background noise. In the current study, localisation in quiet versus noise was evaluated in adults both behaviourally, and using MMN and P3b. The speech token/da/was presented in a multi-deviant oddball paradigm in quiet and in presence of speech babble at +5 dB SNR. The deviants were presented at locations that differed from the standard by 30°, 60° and 90°. Sixteen normal hearing adults between the age range of 18-35 years participated in the study. The results showed that participants were significantly faster and more accurate at identifying deviants presented at 60° and 90° as compared to 30°. Neither reaction times nor electrophysiological measures (MMN/P3b) were affected by the background noise. The deviance magnitude (30°, 60° and 90°) did not affect the MMN litude, but the smaller deviant (30°) generated P3b with smaller litude. Under the stimulus paradigm and measures employed in this study, localisation ability as effectively s led appeared resistant to speech babble interference.

Binaural processing and phonological awareness in Australian Indigenous children from the Northern Territory: A community based study

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.IJPORL.2019.109702

Abstract: Research has found that otitis media (OM) is highly prevalent in Australian Indigenous children, and repeated bouts of OM is often associated with minimal-to-moderate hearing loss. However, what is not yet clear is the extent to which OM with hearing loss impacts auditory signal processing specifically, but also binaural listening, listening in noise, and the potential impact on phonological awareness (PA) - an important, emergent literacy skill. The goal of this study was to determine whether auditory abilities, especially binaural processing, were associated with PA in children from populations with a high incidence of OM, living in a remote Australian Indigenous community in the Northern Territory (NT). Forty-seven 5-12-year-olds from a bilingual school participated in the study. All were tested to determine hearing sensitivity (pure tone audiometry and tympanometry), with PA measured on a test specifically developed in the first language of the children. OM often results in a hearing loss that can affect binaural processing: the Dichotic Digit difference Test (DDdT) was used to evaluate the children's dichotic listening and the Listening in Spatialized Noise-sentences test (LiSN-S) was used to evaluate their abilities to listen to speech-in-noise. Seventeen (36%) and 16 (34%) had compromised middle ear compliance (combined Type-B and -C) in the right and left ear respectively. Six children demonstrated a bilateral mild hearing loss, and another five children demonstrated a unilateral mild hearing loss. Thirty-one children were able to complete the DDdT listening task, whereas only 24 completed the speech in noise task (LiSN-S). Forty-four children (94%) were able to complete the letter identification subtask, comprising part of the PA task. The findings revealed that age was significantly correlated with all tasks such that the older children performed better across the board. Once hearing thresholds were controlled for, PA also correlated significantly with both binaural processing tasks of dichotic listening (r = 0.59, p < 0.001) and listening to speech in noise (r = -0.56, p = 0.005) indicating a potential association between early, emergent literacy and listening skills. The significant correlations between phonological awareness and dichotic listening as well as phonological awareness with listening to speech-in-noise skills suggests auditory processing, rather than hearing thresholds per se, are associated to phonological awareness abilities of this cohort of children. This suggests that the ability to process the auditory signal is critical.

Effect of interstimulus interval and age on cortical auditory evoked potentials in 10-22-week-old infants

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 05-03-2014

DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000000078

Australian Hearing Protocols for the Audiological Management of Infants Who Have Auditory Neuropathy

Publisher: Portico

Date: 05-2005

DOI: 10.1375/AUDI.2005.27.1.69

Switch Attention to Listen

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 18-02-2013

DOI: 10.1038/SREP01297

Evaluation of real-world preferences and performance of hearing aids fitted according to the NAL-NL1 and DSL v5 procedures in children with moderately severe to profound hearing loss

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 10-04-2013

DOI: 10.3109/14992027.2012.755740

Abstract: The study aims to compare the performance of hearing aids fitted according to the NAL-NL1 and DSL v5 prescriptive procedure for children. This is a crossover four period trial. Sixteen school-aged children with moderately severe to profound hearing losses participated in the study. The children were fitted with Phonak Naida V SP hearing aids according to the two prescriptive procedures. The results showed that children performed significantly better with DSL v5 than with NAL-NL1 prescription for sentence perception in quiet. The paired-comparison judgments of speech intelligibility showed seven children significantly preferred the DSL v5 prescription while two children preferred the NAL-NL1 prescription. The average scores on functional and ratings by parents and teachers performance of children in real life were significantly better for the DSL v5 prescription. At the end of all trials, nine children preferred the DSL v5 prescription, four preferred the NAL-NL1 prescription, and two had no preference. Hearing aids fitted based on the DSL v5 procedure would seem to be more appropriate than the NAL-NL1 procedure for children with moderately severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss, at least in quiet listening environments.

Bilateral Versus Unilateral Cochlear Implantation in Adult Listeners: Speech-On-Speech Masking and Multitalker Localization

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 28-07-2017

DOI: 10.1177/2331216517722106

The contribution of speech-evoked cortical auditory evoked potentials to the diagnosis and measurement of intervention outcomes in children with auditory processing disorder

Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG

Date: 29-01-2014

DOI: 10.1055/S-0033-1363524

Refractory effects on auditory-evoked responses in children with reading disorders

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 22-01-2007

DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0B013E32800FEF71

The effects of noise exposure and musical training on suprathreshold auditory processing and speech perception in noise

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.HEARES.2017.07.006

Abstract: Recent animal research has shown that exposure to single episodes of intense noise causes cochlear synaptopathy without affecting hearing thresholds. It has been suggested that the same may occur in humans. If so, it is hypothesized that this would result in impaired encoding of sound and lead to difficulties hearing at suprathreshold levels, particularly in challenging listening environments. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of noise exposure on auditory processing, including the perception of speech in noise, in adult humans. A secondary aim was to explore whether musical training might improve some aspects of auditory processing and thus counteract or ameliorate any negative impacts of noise exposure. In a s le of 122 participants (63 female) aged 30-57 years with normal or near-normal hearing thresholds, we conducted audiometric tests, including tympanometry, audiometry, acoustic reflexes, otoacoustic emissions and medial olivocochlear responses. We also assessed temporal and spectral processing, by determining thresholds for detection of litude modulation and temporal fine structure. We assessed speech-in-noise perception, and conducted tests of attention, memory and sentence closure. We also calculated participants' accumulated lifetime noise exposure and administered questionnaires to assess self-reported listening difficulty and musical training. The results showed no clear link between participants' lifetime noise exposure and performance on any of the auditory processing or speech-in-noise tasks. Musical training was associated with better performance on the auditory processing tasks, but not the on the speech-in-noise perception tasks. The results indicate that sentence closure skills, working memory, attention, extended high frequency hearing thresholds and medial olivocochlear suppression strength are important factors that are related to the ability to process speech in noise.

Acoustic change complex for assessing speech discrimination in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired infants

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2023

DOI: 10.1016/J.CLINPH.2023.02.172

The Effect of Stimulus Duration and Inter-Stimulus Interval on Cortical Responses in Infants

Publisher: Portico

Date: 11-2006

DOI: 10.1375/AUDI.28.2.122

International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in Audiological Practices

Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG

Date: 20-07-2016

DOI: 10.1055/S-0036-1584413

Effects of identification technique, extraction method, and stimulus type on mismatch negativity in adults and children

Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG

Date: 10-2004

DOI: 10.3766/JAAA.15.9.3

Abstract: The overall aims of the study were to determine optimal methods and stimuli for eliciting mismatch negativity (MMN), extracting MMN from the deviant and standard waveforms, and identifying the response in children and adults. Several stimulus types were compared (pure tones, chords, and natural speech tokens) to determine which optimally elicit MMN. Deviant-alone and flip-flop MMN extraction methods that control for stimulus effects on MMN were compared for the speech stimuli (/da/ and /ga/). Visual identification, an area criterion, and integral-distribution techniques were used to identify MMN. Eight adults (20 to 28 years) and eight children (8 to 12 years) participated in the study. The deviant-alone method elicited bigger MMN area and duration than the flip-flop method for the speech stimuli. An area criterion of 110 μV x msec identified 90% of visually identified MMN compared to 62% identified using the integral-distribution technique. For both children and adults, speech stimuli and one of the chords most consistently elicited MMN.

Acoustic Change Complex Evoked by Horizontal Sound Location Change in Young Adults With Normal Hearing

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 06-06-2022

DOI: 10.3389/FNINS.2022.908989

Abstract: Acoustic change complex (ACC) is a cortical auditory-evoked potential induced by a change of continuous sound stimulation. This study aimed to explore: (1) whether the change of horizontal sound location can elicit ACC (2) the relationship between the change of sound location and the litude or latency of ACC (3) the relationship between the behavioral measure of localization, minimum audible angle (MAA), and ACC. A total of 36 normal-hearing adults participated in this study. A 180° horizontal arc-shaped bracket with a 1.2 m radius was set in a sound field where participants sat at the center. MAA was measured in a two-alternative forced-choice setting. The objective electroencephalography recording of ACC was conducted with the location changed at four sets of positions, ±45°, ±15°, ±5°, and ±2°. The test stimulus was a 125–6,000 Hz broadband noise of 1 s at 60 ± 2 dB SPL with a 2 s interval. The N1′–P2′ litudes, N1′ latencies, and P2′ latencies of ACC under four positions were evaluated. The influence of electrode sites and the direction of sound position change on ACC waveform was analyzed with analysis of variance. Results suggested that (1) ACC can be elicited successfully by changing the horizontal sound location position. The elicitation rate of ACC increased with the increase of location change. (2) N1′–P2′ litude increased and N1′ and P2′ latencies decreased as the change of sound location increased. The effects of test angles on N1′–P2′ litude [ F (1.91,238.1) = 97.172, p & 0.001], N1′ latency [ F (1.78,221.90) = 96.96, p & 0.001], and P2′ latency [ F (1.87,233.11) = 79.97, p & 0.001] showed a statistical significance. (3) The direction of sound location change had no significant effect on any of the ACC peak litudes or latencies. (4) Sound location discrimination threshold by the ACC test (97.0% elicitation rate at ±5°) was higher than MAA threshold (2.08 ± 0.5°). The current study results show that though the ACC thresholds are higher than the behavioral thresholds on MAA task, ACC can be used as an objective method to evaluate sound localization ability. This article discusses the implications of this research for clinical practice and evaluation of localization skills, especially for children.

Cluster Analyses Reveals Subgroups of Children With Suspected Auditory Processing Disorders

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 15-11-2019

DOI: 10.3389/FPSYG.2019.02481

Alpha synchronisation of acoustic responses in active listening is indicative of native language listening experience

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 08-07-2021

DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2021.1941326

Abstract: Examine the effect of language experience on auditory evoked and oscillatory brain responses to lexical tone in passive (ACC) and active (P300) listening conditions. Language experience was evaluated using two groups, Mandarin- vs. English-listeners (with vs. without lexical tone experience). Two Mandarin lexical tones with pitch movement (T2 rising T3 dipping) produced on the syllable /ba/ were used as stimuli. For passive listening, each tone was presented in a block. For active listening, each tone was the standard (80%) or deviant (20%) presented in two blocks. Presentation order was counterbalanced across participants in both tasks. 10 adult Mandarin-listeners and 13 Australian-English-listeners contributed to the data. Both global field power (GFP) and time frequency analysis (TFA) failed to detect group differences in passive listening conditions for the ACC response. In contrast, the active listening condition revealed significant group differences for T2. GFP showed a trending significance with larger GFP (less consistent responses) in English- than Mandarin-listeners. TFA showed significantly higher alpha synchronisation (more focussed attention) for Mandarin- compared to English-listeners. Acoustic responses to speech is influenced by language experience but only during active listening, suggesting that focussed attention is linked to higher level language processes.

Effects of broadband noise on cortical evoked auditory responses at different loudness levels in young adults

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 26-03-2014

DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000000089

Measuring perceptions of classroom listening in typically developing children and children with auditory difficulties using the LIFE-UK questionnaire

Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG

Date: 07-2018

DOI: 10.3766/JAAA.17053

Abstract: Classrooms can be noisy and are challenging listening environments for children with auditory processing disorder (APD). This research was undertaken to determine if the Listening Inventory for Education-UK version (LIFE-UK) can differentiate children with listening difficulties and APD from their typically developing peers. To investigate reliability and validity of the student and teacher versions LIFE-UK questionnaire for assessing classroom listening difficulties. Cross-sectional quantitative study comparing children with listening difficulties with typically developing children. In total, 143 children (7–12 yr) participated 45 were diagnosed with APD. Fifteen participants with reported listening difficulties who passed the APD test battery were assigned to a “listening difficulty” (LiD) group. Eighty three children from nine classrooms formed a Control group. Children and teachers completed the LIFE-UK questionnaire student and teacher versions. Factor analysis was undertaken, and item reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Teacher and student ratings were compared using Spearman correlations. Correlations between LIFE-UK ratings and APD test results were also investigated. Factor analysis revealed three factors accounting for 60% of the variance in the Control group LIFE-UK ratings. After removing six items with low factor loadings, a shortened seven-item version with three factors accounted for 71.8% of the variance for the student questionnaire Cronbach’s alpha indicated good internal reliability for this seven-item version of the student questionnaire. Factors were also derived for the teacher questionnaire. Teacher and student ratings were correlated when participant groups were combined. LIFE-UK ratings correlated weakly with some APD measures, providing some support for the questionnaire validity. The results support the use of either the 13- or 7-item student and the teacher versions of the LIFE-UK to evaluate classroom listening and functional consequences of APD. Factor analysis resulted in groupings of items reflecting differences in listening demands in quiet versus noise for the student questionnaire and attentional versus class participation demands for the teacher questionnaire. Further research is needed to confirm the robustness of these factors in other populations.

Assessing spectral and temporal processing in children and adults using Temporal Modulation Transfer Function (TMTF), Iterated Ripple Noise (IRN) perception, and Spectral Ripple Discrimination (SRD)

Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG

Date: 02-2014

DOI: 10.3766/JAAA.25.2.9

Abstract: Background: There are many clinically available tests for the assessment of auditory processing skills in children and adults. However, there is limited data available on the maturational effects on the performance on these tests. Purpose: The current study investigated maturational effects on auditory processing abilities using three psychophysical measures: temporal modulation transfer function (TMTF), iterated ripple noise (IRN) perception, and spectral ripple discrimination (SRD). Research Design: A cross-sectional study. Three groups of subjects were tested: 10 adults (18–30 yr), 10 older children (12–18 yr), and 10 young children (8–11 yr) Data Collection and Analysis: Temporal envelope processing was measured by obtaining thresholds for litude modulation detection as a function of modulation frequency (TMTF 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 Hz). Temporal fine structure processing was measured using IRN, and spectral processing was measured using SRD. Results: The results showed that young children had significantly higher modulation thresholds at 4 Hz (TMTF) compared to the other two groups and poorer SRD scores compared to adults. The results on IRN did not differ across groups. Conclusions: The results suggest that different aspects of auditory processing mature at different age periods and these maturational effects need to be considered while assessing auditory processing in children.

Electrophysiological and behavioral evidence of auditory processing deficits in children with reading disorder

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2006

DOI: 10.1016/J.CLINPH.2006.02.001

Abstract: The aim of the research was to investigate auditory processing abilities in children with reading disorders using electrophysiological and behavioral tasks. Differences in auditory processing between control, compensated (age appropriate reading skills with a history of reading disorder), and reading disordered groups were systematically investigated. The reading disorder group had significantly lower results than control and compensated reader groups for most tests in the reading and auditory processing test battery. All children with a reading disorder did not pass at least one behavioral test of auditory processing, and hence would be diagnosed clinically as having an auditory processing disorder (APD). The reading disorder group also had significantly smaller /ga/-evoked mismatch negativity (MMN) area than the control group. Compensated and control groups had similar results for the electrophysiological and behavioral auditory processing tests. Correlation analyses showed that reading fluency and accuracy and nonword scores (measured using Castle and Coltheart's word/nonword test) correlated significantly with most APD measures. The general profile of auditory processing deficits in children with reading disorder was a combination of deficits on frequency patterns (i.e. frequency pattern test) and absent or small /ga/-evoked MMN. Significant results from the correlation analyses support the co-morbidity of reading and auditory processing disorders. Children with reading disorders are likely to have auditory processing disorders.

Effect of EEG Referencing Methods on Auditory Mismatch Negativity

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 10-10-2017

DOI: 10.3389/FNINS.2017.00560

Bilateral cochlear implants in long-term and short-term deafness

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 02-2012

DOI: 10.1179/146701011X13061407457704

Erratum: The Effect of Short-Term Auditory Training on Speech in Noise Perception and Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials in Adults with Cochlear Implants (Seminars in Hearing)

Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG

Date: 25-02-2016

DOI: 10.1055/S-0036-1579698

Design and evaluation of the effectiveness of a corpus of congruent and incongruent English sentences for the study of event related potentials

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 28-07-2020

DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2020.1798518

Stimulus level effects on speech-evoked obligatory cortical auditory evoked potentials in infants with normal hearing

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.CLINPH.2012.09.011

Abstract: To determine stimulus level effects on speech-evoked cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) in infants for a low (/m/) and high (/t/) frequency speech sound. CAEPs were recorded for two natural speech tokens, /m/ and /t/. Participants were 16 infants aged 3-8months with no risk factors for hearing impairment, no parental concern regarding hearing or development, and normal tympanograms and otoacoustic emissions. Infants were either tested at levels of 30, 50, and 70dB SPL or at 40, 60, and 80dB SPL, in counterbalanced order. Input-output functions show different effects of increasing sound level between stimuli. There were minimal changes in latency with increase in level for /t/. For /m/, there were approximately 50-60ms latency increases at soft compared to loud levels. Amplitudes saturated at moderate-high levels (60-80dB SPL) for both stimuli. Infants' CAEP input-output functions differ for /t/ versus /m/ and differ from those previously reported for adults for other stimuli. Effects of stimulus and level on CAEPs should be considered when using CAEPs for hearing aid or cochlear implant evaluation in infants. Speech-evoked CAEPs provide an objective measure of central auditory processing. Possible differences in CAEP growth between infants and adults suggest developmental effects on intensity coding by the auditory cortex.

The Effect of Short-Term Auditory Training on Speech in Noise Perception and Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials in Adults with Cochlear Implants

Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG

Date: 04-02-2016

DOI: 10.1055/S-0035-1570335

Assessing the Relationship Between Prosody and Reading Outcomes in Children Using the PEPS-C

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 02-01-2015

DOI: 10.1080/10888438.2014.976341

Enhanced speech perception in noise and cortical auditory evoked potentials in professional musicians

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 03-10-2017

DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2017.1380850

Abstract: The current research investigated whether professional musicians outperformed non-musicians on auditory processing and speech-in-noise perception as assessed using behavioural and electrophysiological tasks. Spectro-temporal processing skills were assessed using a psychoacoustic test battery. Speech-in-noise perception was measured using the Listening in Spatialised Noise - Sentences (LiSN-S) test and Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials (CAEPs) recorded to the speech syllable/da resented in quiet and in 8-talker babble noise at 0, 5, and 10 dB signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Ten professional musicians and 10 non-musicians participated in this study. Musicians significantly outperformed non-musicians in the frequency discrimination task and low-cue condition of the LiSN-S test. Musicians' N1 litude showed no difference between 5 dB and 0 dB SNR conditions while non-musicians showed significantly lower N1 litude at 0 dB SNR compared to 5 dB SNR. Brain-behaviour correlation for musicians showed a significant association between CAEPs at 5 dB SNR and the low-cue condition of the LiSN-S test at 30-70 ms. Time-frequency analysis indicated musicians had significantly higher alpha power desynchronisation in the 0 dB SNR condition indicating involvement of attention. Through the use of behavioural and electrophysiological data, the results provide converging evidence for improved speech recognition in noise in musicians.

A randomized control trial of interventions in school-aged children with auditory processing disorders

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 18-04-2012

DOI: 10.3109/14992027.2012.670272

Abstract: The primary purpose of the study was to compare intervention approaches for children with auditory processing disorder (APD): bottom-up training including activities focused on auditory perception, discrimination, and phonological awareness, and top-down training including a range of language activities. Another purpose was to determine the benefits of personal FM systems. The study is a randomized control trial where participants were allocated to groups receiving one of the two interventions, with and without personal FM, or to the no intervention group. The six-week intervention included weekly one-hour sessions with a therapist in the clinic, plus 1-2 hours per week of parent-directed homework. 55 children (7 to 13 years) with APD participated in the study. Intervention outcomes included reading, language, and auditory processing. Positive outcomes were observed for both training approaches and personal FM systems on several measures. Pre-intervention nonverbal IQ, age, and severity of APD did not influence outcomes. Performance of control group participants did not change when retested after the intervention period. Both intervention approaches were beneficial and there were additional benefits with the use of personal FM. Positive results were not limited to the areas specifically targeted by the interventions.

The Maturation of the Acoustic Change Complex in Response to Iterated Ripple Noise in ‘Normal’-Hearing Infants, Toddlers, and Adults

Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG

Date: 05-2022

DOI: 10.1055/A-1862-0198

Abstract: Background Infants and toddlers are still being evaluated for their hearing sensitivity but not their auditory-processing skills. Iterated rippled noise (IRN) stimuli require the auditory system to utilize the temporal periodicity and autocorrelate the iterations to perceive pitch. Purpose This study investigated the acoustic change complex (ACC) elicited by IRN in “normal”-hearing infants, toddlers, and adults to determine the maturation of cortical processing of IRN stimuli. Design Cortical responses to filtered white noise (onset) concatenated with IRN stimuli (d = 10 milliseconds, gain = 0.7 dB: 4–32 iterations) were recorded in quiet, alert participants. Study S le Participants included 25 infants (2.5–15 months), 27 toddlers (22–59 months), and 8 adults (19–25 years) with “normal” hearing sensitivity. Data Collection and Analysis Cortical auditory-evoked responses were recorded for each participant, including the onset response to the noise and an ACC to the transition from noise to IRN. Group differences were assessed using repeated-measures analyses of variance. Results Most infants had a replicable onset (P) response, while only about half had a measurable ACC (PACC) response to the high-saliency IRN condition. Most toddlers had onset responses and showed a P-NACC response to the IRN16 and IRN32 conditions. Most of the toddler group had responses present to the onset and showed a P-NACC response to all IRN conditions. Toddlers and adults showed similar P-NACC litudes however, adults showed an increase in N1ACC litude with increase in IRN iterations (i.e., increased salience). Conclusion While cortical responses to the percept of sound as determined by the onset response (P) to a stimulus are present in most infants, ACC responses to IRN stimuli are not mature in infancy. Most toddlers as young as 22 months, however, exhibited ACC responses to the IRN stimuli even when the pitch saliency was low (e.g., IRN4). The findings of the current study have implications for future research when investigating maturational effects on ACC and the optimal choice of stimuli.

Predictors of Reading Skills in Children With Listening Concerns

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 03-2019

DOI: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000608

Abstract: Previous research shows that children with reading disorders perform poorly on auditory processing (AP) tasks. Correlational studies have also shown significant associations between some AP tasks and word and nonword reading. There is less clear evidence for AP contributions to spelling and passage reading. The aim of this research was to extend current knowledge by investigating the association between a range of AP measures used clinically and children’s reading of words, nonwords, and passages, as well as word spelling. Regression analyses were conducted on data from 90 children 7 to 13 years of age (58 males) with reported listening and/or reading concerns. All children had normal hearing sensitivity and were tested on AP tasks including the frequency pattern test (FPT), dichotic digits test, random gap detection test, and the masking level difference. Reading tasks included word, nonword, and passage reading. Phonologic processing, core language skills, nonverbal intelligence, memory, and attention were also measured. All multiregression analyses were fixed order with age and gender, nonverbal intelligence, core language, phoneme manipulation, and digits backward scores included in the model before AP measures. FPT was the only AP task that accounted for significant unique variance in word/nonword reading and nonword spelling, but not passage reading. The findings from this study failed to show an association between many clinically used AP measures and children’s reading and spelling outcomes. Nevertheless, they reiterate the importance of evaluating FPT in children with word reading disorders. The findings justify further investigation into the role of this test when diagnosing children with reading or spelling disorders.

Effects of spectral smearing on performance of the spectral ripple and spectro-temporal ripple tests

Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)

Date: 12-2016

DOI: 10.1121/1.4971419

Abstract: The main aim of this study was to use spectral smearing to evaluate the efficacy of a spectral ripple test (SRt) using stationary sounds and a recent variant with gliding ripples called the spectro-temporal ripple test (STRt) in measuring reduced spectral resolution. In experiment 1 the highest detectable ripple density was measured using four amounts of spectral smearing (unsmeared, mild, moderate, and severe). The thresholds worsened with increasing smearing and were similar for the SRt and the STRt across the three conditions with smearing. For unsmeared stimuli, thresholds were significantly higher (better) for the STRt than for the SRt. An litude fluctuation at the outputs of simulated (gammatone) auditory filters centered above 6400 Hz was identified as providing a potential detection cue for the STRt stimuli. Experiment 2 used notched noise with energy below and above the passband of the SRt and STRt stimuli to reduce confounding cues in the STRt. Thresholds were almost identical for the STRt and SRt for both unsmeared and smeared stimuli, indicating that the confounding cue for the STRt was eliminated by the notched noise. Thresholds obtained with notched noise present could be predicted reasonably accurately using an excitation-pattern model.

Do children with reading delay benefit from the use of personal FM systems in the classroom?

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 2009

DOI: 10.3109/14992020903140910

Abstract: FM systems have been used to compensate for poor signal-to-noise ratios in classrooms. This study evaluates benefits of a 6-week trial of personal FM systems used during the school day for children with reading delay aged 6-11 years, using a randomized control design. Teachers and children completed the LIFE-UK questionnaire. Test-retest reliability of the LIFE-UK children's version was confirmed in a separate group of 18 children from the same school. The 23 children in the FM group had significantly improved teacher ratings, and the children's ratings of classroom listening for difficult situations were significantly better after the trial. These changes did not occur for the 23 control-group children. Most children (92%) commented positively about the FM after the trial. It is likely that a longer FM trial or a specific reading intervention combined with FM will be required for the benefits of enhanced listening to affect performance on standardized reading tests.

Comorbidity of Auditory Processing, Attention, and Memory in Children With Word Reading Difficulties

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 22-10-2019

DOI: 10.3389/FPSYG.2019.02383

Abstract: To document the auditory processing, visual attention, digit memory, phonological processing, and receptive language abilities of in idual children with identified word reading difficulties. Twenty-four children with word reading difficulties and 28 control children with good word reading skills participated. All children were aged between 8 and 11 years, with normal hearing sensitivity and typical non-verbal intelligence. Both groups of children completed a test battery designed to assess their auditory processing, visual attention, digit memory, phonological processing, and receptive language. When compared to children who were good readers, children with word reading difficulties obtained significantly lower average scores on tests of auditory processing, including the frequency pattern test, gaps in noise, frequency discrimination, Dichotic Digit difference Test, and Listening in Spatialized Noise. The two groups did not differ on the discrimination measures of sinusoidal litude modulation or iterated rippled noise. The results from children with word reading difficulties showed that 5 children (21%) had comorbid deficits in auditory processing, visual attention, and backward digit memory whereas 12 children (50%) had comorbid auditory processing and visual attention deficits only, and 2 children (8%) had comorbid deficits in auditory processing and digit memory the remaining children had only auditory processing, visual attention, or digit memory deficits. The current study highlights the general co-existence of auditory processing, memory, and visual attention deficits in children with word reading difficulties. It is also noteworthy, however, that only one fifth of the current cohort had deficits across all measured tasks. Hence, our results also show the significant in idual variability inherent in children with word reading difficulties.

The Effect of Signal to Noise Ratio on Cortical Auditory–Evoked Potentials Elicited to Speech Stimuli in Infants and Adults With Normal Hearing

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 03-2018

DOI: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000487

Abstract: Identification and discrimination of speech sounds in noisy environments is challenging for adults and even more so for infants and children. Behavioral studies consistently report maturational differences in the influence that signal to noise ratio (SNR) and masker type have on speech processing however, few studies have investigated the neural mechanisms underlying these differences at the level of the auditory cortex. In the present study, we investigated the effect of different SNRs on speech-evoked cortical auditory–evoked potentials (CAEPs) in infants and adults with normal hearing. A total of 10 adults (mean age 24.1 years) and 15 infants (mean age 30.7 weeks), all with normal hearing, were included in the data analyses. CAEPs were evoked to /m/ and /t/ speech stimuli (duration: 79 ms) presented at 75 dB SPL in the sound field with a jittered interstimulus interval of 1000–1200 ms. Each of the stimuli were presented in quiet and in the presence of white noise (SNRs of 10, 15, and 20 dB). Amplitude and latency measures were compared for P1, N1, and P2 for adults and for the large positivity (P) and following negativity (N: N250 and/or N450) for infants elicited in quiet and across SNR conditions. Infant P-N responses to /t/ showed no statistically significant litude and latency effects across SNR conditions in contrast, infant CAEPs to /m/ were greatly reduced in litude and delayed in latency. Responses were more frequently absent for SNRs of 20 dB or less. Adult P1-N1-P2 responses were present for all SNRs for /t/ and most SNRs for /m/ (two adults had no responses to /m/ for SNR 10) significant effects of SNR were found for P1, N1, and P2 litude and latencies. The findings of the present study support that SNR effects on CAEP litudes and latencies in infants cannot be generalized across different types of speech stimuli and cannot be predicted from adult data. These findings also suggest that factors other than energetic masking are contributing to the immaturities in the SNR effects for infants. How these CAEP findings relate to an infant’s capacity to process speech-in-noise perceptually has yet to be established however, we can be confident that the presence of CAEPs to a speech stimulus in noise means that the stimulus is detected at the level of the auditory cortex. The absence of a response should be interpreted with caution as further studies are needed to investigate a range of different speech stimuli and SNRs, in conjunction with behavioral measures, to confirm that infant CAEPs do indeed reflect functional auditory capacity to process speech stimuli in noise.

Are cortical auditory evoked potentials useful in the clinical assessment of adults with cochlear implants?

Publisher: Maney Publishing

Date: 2009

DOI: 10.1002/CII.391

Working Memory and Extended High-Frequency Hearing in Adults: Diagnostic Predictors of Speech-in-Noise Perception

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 05-2019

DOI: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000640

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify the main factors that differentiate listeners with clinically normal or “near-normal” hearing with regard to their speech-in-noise perception and to develop a regression model to predict speech-in-noise difficulties in this population. We also aimed to assess the potential effectiveness of the formula produced by the regression model as a “diagnostic criterion” for clinical use. Data from a large-scale behavioral study investigating the relationship between noise exposure and auditory processing in 122 adults (30 to 57 years) was re-examined. For each participant, a composite speech-in-noise score (CSS) was calculated based on scores from three speech-in-noise measures, (a) the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing scale (average of speech items) (b) the Listening in Spatialized Noise Sentences test (high-cue condition) and (c) the National Acoustic Laboratories Dynamic Conversations Test. Two subgroups were created based on the CSS, each comprising 30 participants: those with the lowest scores and those with the highest scores. These two groups were compared for differences in hearing thresholds, temporal perception, noise exposure, attention, and working memory. They differed significantly on age, low-, high-, and extended high-frequency (EHF) hearing level, sensitivity to temporal fine structure and litude modulation, linguistic closure skills, attention, and working memory. A multiple linear regression model was fit with these nine variables as predictors to determine their relative effect on the CSS. The two significant predictors, EHF hearing and working memory, from this regression were then used to fit a second smaller regression model. The resulting regression formula was assessed for its usefulness as a “diagnostic criterion” for predicting speech-in-noise difficulties using Monte Carlo cross-validation (root mean square error and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve methods) in the complete data set. EHF hearing thresholds ( p = 0.01) and working memory scores ( p 0.001) were significant predictors of the CSS and the regression model accounted for 41% of the total variance [ R 2 = 0.41, F (9,112) = 7.57, p 0.001]. The overall accuracy of the diagnostic criterion for predicting the CSS and for identifying “low” CSS performance, using these two factors, was reasonable (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve = 0.76 root mean square error = 0.60). These findings suggest that both peripheral (auditory) and central (cognitive) factors contribute to the speech-in-noise difficulties reported by normal hearing adults in their mid-adult years. The demonstrated utility of the diagnostic criterion proposed here suggests that audiologists should include assessment of EHF hearing and working memory as part of routine clinical practice with this population. The “diagnostic criterion” we developed based on these two factors could form the basis of future clinical tests and rehabilitation tools and be used in evidence-based counseling for normal hearers who present with unexplained communication difficulties in noise.

A program to respond to otitis media in remote Australian Aboriginal communities: a qualitative investigation of parent perspectives

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-03-2018

DOI: 10.1186/S12887-018-1081-3

The Impact of Auditory Processing and Cognitive Abilities in Children

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 09-2015

DOI: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000172

Attend to this: The relationship between auditory processing disorders and attention deficits

Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG

Date: 07-2014

DOI: 10.3766/JAAA.25.7.6

Abstract: Background: Children clinically diagnosed with auditory processing disorders (APDs) are often described as easily distracted and inattentive, leading some researchers to propose that APDs might be a consequence of underlying attention difficulties or a subtype of attention disorders. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the link between AP and attention by determining the relationship between performance on an auditory and visual sustained attention task and performance on a common APD test battery. Research Design: This study was a cross-sectional correlation study of school-aged children. Study S le: Participants were a clinical group of 101 children considered by their parents or teachers to have listening difficulties, and a control group of 18 children with no suspected listening difficulties. All children were 7–12 yr old. Data Collection and Analysis: All children passed a standard peripheral audiologic assessment and were assessed using a clinical APD test battery and reading accuracy, nonverbal intelligence, and visual and auditory continuous performance tests. Results: There were significant correlations within the APD test scores except for masking level difference values, which did not correlate significantly with any other measure. Dichotic Digit and Frequency Pattern scores also correlated significantly with Nonverbal Intelligence and Sustained Auditory and Visual Attention scores. Within the clinical group, there were twice as many children outside normal limits on both the APD test battery and the attention tests as there were children who were outside normal limits on only the APD test battery or only the attention tests. Significant predictors of reading ability were the Frequency Pattern, Gaps In Noise, and Nonverbal Intelligence scores. Conclusions: The degree of correlation between the APD and attention measures indicates that although deficits in both AP and sustained attention co-occur in some children (more than would be expected from chance alone), and the two conditions may have similar symptoms, they are separate, largely independent conditions.

An interdisciplinary approach to enhance children’s listening, learning, and wellbeing in the classroom

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 07-09-2023

DOI: 10.3389/FEDUC.2023.1185167

Attention, Memory, and Auditory Processing in 10- to 15-Year-Old Children With Listening Difficulties

Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association

Date: 12-2014

DOI: 10.1044/2014_JSLHR-H-13-0226

Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine attention, memory, and auditory processing in children with reported listening difficulty in noise (LDN) despite having clinically normal hearing. Twenty-one children with LDN and 15 children with no listening concerns (controls) participated. The clinically normed auditory processing tests included the Frequency/Pitch Pattern Test (FPT Musiek, 2002), the Dichotic Digits Test (Musiek, 1983), the Listening in Spatialized Noise—Sentences (LiSN–S) test (Dillon, Cameron, Glyde, Wilson, & Tomlin, 2012), gap detection in noise (Baker, Jayewardene, Sayle, & Saeed, 2008), and masking level difference (MLD Wilson, Moncrieff, Townsend, & Pillion, 2003). Also included were research-based psychoacoustic tasks, such as auditory stream segregation, localization, sinusoidal litude modulation (SAM), and fine structure perception. All were also evaluated on attention and memory test batteries. The LDN group was significantly slower switching their auditory attention and had poorer inhibitory control. Additionally, the group mean results showed significantly poorer performance on FPT, MLD, 4-Hz SAM, and memory tests. Close inspection of the in idual data revealed that only 5 participants (out of 21) in the LDN group showed significantly poor performance on FPT compared with clinical norms. Further testing revealed the frequency discrimination of these 5 children to be significantly impaired. Thus, the LDN group showed deficits in attention switching and inhibitory control, whereas only a subset of these participants demonstrated an additional frequency resolution deficit.

Macquarie University

Location: Australia

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Early Indicators Of Noise Injury: Are Decreased Auditory Processing Skills Evident In Noise-exposed Adults Prior To Diagnosis Of Hearing Loss?

Start Date: 2014

End Date: 2017

Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council

Learning To Talk, Talking To Learn: Effects Of An Early Childhood Language Program In Remote Northern Territory Indigenous Communities

Start Date: 2014

End Date: 2017

Funder: Australian Research Council

Predicting Language Skills From Early Auditory Speech Discrimination In Infants With Hearing Loss: Implications For Early Management And Intervention

Start Date: 2015

End Date: 2019

Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council

Language For Learning: Developing Learning-oriented Talk In Long-day-care

Start Date: 2018

End Date: 2022

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP200100380

Start Date: 06-2021

End Date: 12-2024

Amount: $100,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP140100468

Start Date: 04-2015

End Date: 04-2018

Amount: $183,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP180102114

Start Date: 02-2018

End Date: 01-2025

Amount: $927,996.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP180100534

Start Date: 08-2019

End Date: 08-2023

Amount: $472,635.00

Funder: Australian Research Council