ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9284-2509
Current Organisation
Northumbria University
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Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-06-2021
Abstract: Hallucinatory experiences can occur in both clinical and nonclinical groups. However, in previous studies of the general population, investigations of the cognitive mechanisms underlying hallucinatory experiences have yielded inconsistent results. We ran a large-scale preregistered multisite study, in which general-population participants ( N = 1,394 across 11 data-collection sites and online) completed assessments of hallucinatory experiences, a measure of adverse childhood experiences, and four tasks: source memory, dichotic listening, backward digit span, and auditory signal detection. We found that hallucinatory experiences were associated with a higher false-alarm rate on the signal detection task and a greater number of reported adverse childhood experiences but not with any of the other cognitive measures employed. These findings are an important step in improving reproducibility in hallucinations research and suggest that the replicability of some findings regarding cognition in clinical s les needs to be investigated.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 02-2021
Abstract: Cognitive mechanisms hypothesized to underlie hallucinatory experiences (HEs) include dysfunctional source monitoring, heightened signal detection, or impaired attentional processes. HEs can be very pronounced in psychosis, but similar experiences also occur in nonclinical populations. Using data from an international multisite study on nonclinical subjects (N = 419), we described the overlap between two sets of variables - one measuring cognition and the other HEs - at the level of in idual items, allowing extraction of item-specific signal which might considered off-limits when summary scores are analyzed. This involved using a statistical hypothesis test at the multivariate level, and variance constraints, dimension reduction, and split-half reliability checks at the level of in idual items. The results showed that (1) modality-general HEs involving sensory distortions (hearing voices/sounds, troubled by voices, everyday things look abnormal, sensations of presence/movement) were associated with more liberal auditory signal detection, and (2) HEs involving experiences of sensory overload and vivid images/imagery (viz., HEs for faces and intense daydreams) were associated with other-ear distraction and reduced laterality in dichotic listening. Based on these results, it is concluded that the overlap between HEs and cognition variables can be conceptualized as modality-general and bi-dimensional: one involving distortions, and the other involving overload or intensity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.CORTEX.2021.08.014
Abstract: Hallucinatory experiences (HEs) can be pronounced in psychosis, but similar experiences also occur in nonclinical populations. Cognitive mechanisms hypothesized to underpin HEs include dysfunctional source monitoring, heightened signal detection, and impaired attentional processes. Using data from an international multisite study on non-clinical participants (N = 419), we described the overlap between two sets of variables - one measuring cognition and the other HEs - at the level of in idual items. We used a three-step method to extract and examine item-specific signal, which is typically obscured when summary scores are analyzed using traditional methodologies. The three-step method involved: (1) constraining variance in cognition variables to that which is predictable from HE variables, followed by dimension reduction, (2) determining reliable HE items using split-halves and permutation tests, and (3) selecting cognition items for interpretation using a leave-one-out procedure followed by repetition of Steps 1 and 2. The results showed that the overlap between HEs and cognition variables can be conceptualized as bi-dimensional, with two distinct mechanisms emerging as candidates for separate pathways to the development of HEs: HEs involving perceptual distortions on one hand (including voices), underpinned by a low threshold for signal detection in cognition, and HEs involving sensory overload on the other hand, underpinned by reduced laterality in cognition. We propose that these two dimensions of HEs involving distortions/liberal signal detection, and sensation overload/reduced laterality may map onto psychosis-spectrum and dissociation-spectrum anomalous experiences, respectively.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 29-05-2020
Abstract: Hallucinatory experiences (HEs) can occur in both clinical and non-clinical groups. However, previous studies of the general population that have investigated cognitive mechanisms underlying HEs have yielded inconsistent results. In this study, we ran a large-scale preregistered multi-site study, in which general population participants (N = 1394, across 11 data collection sites and online) completed assessments of HEs and source memory, dichotic listening, backwards digit span and auditory signal detection tasks, plus a measure of adverse childhood experiences. We found that HEs were associated with a higher false alarm rate on the signal detection task and a greater number of reported adverse childhood experiences, but not with any of the other cognitive measures employed. These findings are an important step in improving reproducibility in hallucinations research and suggest that the replicability of some findings regarding cognition in clinical s les need to be investigated.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-03-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S12144-023-04490-8
Abstract: Existing literature suggests that humiliation experiences, coupled with a negative family context, significantly predicts persecutory ideation in non-clinical participants. Whether this may also be linked to attenuated psychotic experiences is unknown. The current study aimed to assess whether familial adversity and humiliation may be related to hallucination-like experiences (HLEs) and other psychotic symptoms, and if state anxiety significantly contributed to these relationships. This cross-sectional study recruited a community s le of 93 adults (38% male mean age = 27.3 years, standard deviation = 10.8 years), who completed measures of maladaptive familial environments, past and anticipated humiliation experiences, state anxiety and attenuated psychotic symptoms. Correlations and hierarchical regressions tested for direct and indirect relationships amongst study variables. A maladaptive family context, and humiliation (past and anticipated) were positively correlated with HLEs, and facets of attenuated psychotic symptoms. Anxiety uniquely predicted audio-visual and multisensory HLEs. Past humiliation and anxiety jointly predicted cognitive-perceptual disturbance and disorganisation, whereas fear of humiliation and anxiety jointly predicted interpersonal difficulty. Elevated state anxiety, coupled with humiliation, may increase attenuated psychotic symptoms in adulthood. Future research is needed to ascertain if these relationships hold true in clinical cohorts to examine the clinical significance of these data.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Peter Moseley.