ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4603-333X
Current Organisations
Central Queensland University
,
Brock University
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCOMDIS.2009.04.002
Abstract: Experiment 1 examined modality preferences in children and adults with normal hearing to combined auditory-visual stimuli. Experiment 2 compared modality preferences in children using cochlear implants participating in an auditory emphasized therapy approach to the children with normal hearing from Experiment 1. A second objective in both experiments was to evaluate the role of familiarity in these preferences. Participants were exposed to randomized blocks of photographs and sounds of ten familiar and ten unfamiliar animals in auditory-only, visual-only and auditory-visual trials. Results indicated an overall auditory preference in children, regardless of hearing status, and a visual preference in adults. Familiarity only affected modality preferences in adults who showed a strong visual preference to unfamiliar stimuli only. The similar degree of auditory responses in children with hearing loss to those from children with normal hearing is an original finding and lends support to an auditory emphasis for habilitation. Readers will be able to (1) Describe the pattern of modality preferences reported in young children without hearing loss (2) Recognize that differences in communication mode may affect modality preferences in young children with hearing loss and (3) Understand the role of familiarity in modality preferences in children with and without hearing loss.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-07-2013
DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2013.804203
Abstract: There is considerable evidence suggesting facial affect recognition and cognitive functions are impaired in many people with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, little is known about the relationship between these two domains in the TBI population. This study investigated the relationship between facial affect recognition and cognitive functioning in 75 adults with moderate-to-severe TBI. Participants were administered three facial affect recognition tests and a computerized cognitive test battery that assessed seven cognitive domains. Deficits in facial affect recognition were significantly correlated with impairments in non-verbal memory, working memory, speed of processing, verbal memory and verbal delayed memory. No significant relationship was found between executive dysfunction and facial affect recognition impairments. Non-verbal memory, working memory and speed of processing significantly predicted overall facial affect recognition performance. It is concluded that impairment in several cognitive processes may contribute to facial affect recognition deficits in TBI, in particular non-verbal memory, working memory and speed of processing. Furthermore, executive functioning may not be a critical factor in facial affect recognition, but would most likely be important in deciding what to do once facial affect is perceived.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2011
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-05-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-09-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1080/02699050701504281
Abstract: To review the literature of affect recognition for persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is suggested that impairment of affect recognition could be a significant problem for the TBI population and treatment strategies are recommended based on research for persons with autism. Research demonstrates that persons with TBI often have difficulty determining emotion from facial expressions. Studies show that poor interpersonal skills, which are associated with impaired affect recognition, are linked to a variety of negative outcomes. Theories suggest that facial affect recognition is achieved by interpreting important facial features and processing one's own emotions. These skills are often affected by TBI, depending on the areas damaged. Affect recognition impairments have also been identified in persons with autism. Successful interventions have already been developed for the autism population. Comparable neuroanatomical and behavioural findings between TBI and autism suggest that treatment approaches for autism may also benefit those with TBI. Impaired facial affect recognition appears to be a significant problem for persons with TBI. Theories of affect recognition, strategies used in autism and teaching techniques commonly used in TBI need to be considered when developing treatments to improve affect recognition in persons with brain injury.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-06-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S40894-023-00219-7
Abstract: The ability to recognize emotion is important to wellbeing and building relationships with others, making this skill important in adolescence. Research investigating adolescents’ ability to recognize facial and vocal emotion expressions has reported differing conclusions about the pattern of emotion recognition across this developmental period. This systematic review aimed to clarify the pattern of recognition for facial and vocal emotion expressions, and the relationship of performance to different task and emotion expression characteristics. A comprehensive and systematic search of the literature was conducted using six databases. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data for adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age and measure accuracy of the recognition of emotion cues in either the face or voice. A total of 2333 studies were identified and 47 met inclusion criteria. The majority of studies focused on facial emotion recognition. Overall, early, mid-, and late-adolescents showed a similar pattern of recognition for both facial and vocal emotion expressions with the exception of Sad facial expressions. Sex of the participant also had minimal impact on the overall recognition of different emotions. However, analysis showed considerable variability according to task and emotion expression characteristics. Future research needs to increase focus on recognition of complex emotions, and low-intensity emotion expressions as well as the influence of the inclusion of Neutral as a response option.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 14-01-2021
Abstract: The purpose of this review was to explore how vocal affect recognition deficits impact the psychosocial functioning of people with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted, whereby six databases were searched, with additional hand searching of key journals also completed. The search identified 1847 records after duplicates were removed, and 1749 were excluded through title and abstract screening. After full text screening of 65 peer-reviewed articles published between January 1999 and August 2019, only five met inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of selected studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) Version 2018 with a fair level of agreement reached. A narrative synthesis of the results was completed, exploring vocal affect recognition and psychosocial functioning of people with moderate to severe TBI, including aspects of social cognition (i.e., empathy Theory of Mind) and social behaviour. Results of the review were limited by a paucity of research in this area, a lack of high-level evidence, and wide variation in the outcome measures used. More rigorous study designs are required to establish more conclusive evidence regarding the degree and direction of the association between vocal affect recognition and aspects of psychosocial functioning. This review is registered with Prospero.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-06-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-07-2018
DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1497811
Abstract: To examine sex differences in the effectiveness of a Stories intervention for teaching affect recognition in people with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Post-acute rehabilitation facilities. 203 participants (53 women and 150 men) with moderate to severe TBI were screened. 71 were eligible and randomized to one of three treatment conditions: two affect recognition conditions and an active control (cognition). This paper examines sex differences between the Stories intervention (n = 23, 5 women and 18 men) and the cognitive treatment control (n = 24, 8 women and 16 men). Randomized controlled trial with immediate, 3- and 6-month follow-up post-tests. Interventions were 9 hours of computer-based training with a therapist. Facial Affect Recognition (DANVA2-AF) Emotional Inference from Stories Test (EIST). A significant treatment effect was observed for the Stories intervention for women, who demonstrated and maintained improved facial affect recognition. In contrast, males in our s le did not benefit from the Stories intervention. This positive finding for the Stories intervention for females contrasts with our conclusions in a previous paper, where an analysis collapsed across sex did not reveal an overall effectiveness of the Stories intervention. This intervention warrants further research and development.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-08-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S10936-022-09906-3
Abstract: We use nonverbal and verbal emotion cues to determine how others are feeling. Most studies in vocal emotion perception do not consider the influence of verbal content, using sentences with nonsense words or words that carry no emotional meaning. These online studies aimed to validate 95 sentences with verbal content intended to convey 10 emotions. Participants were asked to select the emotion that best described the emotional meaning of the sentence. Study 1 included 436 participants and Study 2 included 193. The Simpson ersity index was applied as a measure of dispersion of responses. Across the two studies, 38 sentences were labelled as representing 10 emotion categories with a low degree of ersity in participant responses. Expanding current databases beyond basic emotion categories is important for researchers exploring the interaction between tone of voice and verbal content, and/or people’s capacity to make subtle distinctions between their own and others’ emotions.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1037/NEU0000462
Abstract: To examine sex differences in self-ratings for affective and cognitive empathy for males and females with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and compare these to observer ratings. Self and observer (e.g., spouse) ratings of affective and cognitive empathy were obtained for 160 participants (116 males) with severe TBI, using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index Empathic Concern (EC) and Perspective Taking (PT) subscales, respectively. When compared to sex norms, female self-ratings were significantly lower for both subscales, whereas men's self-report ratings were only lower for PT. For EC, more women (44%) were found to be substantially below the normative means (≥2 SDs) than men (17%), p < .001. When comparing women and men with TBI, self-report and observer ratings indicated both sexes had similar empathy levels (both subscales). Self versus observer ratings showed that women's self-ratings were significantly higher than observer's ratings on PT (p < .001) men's self-ratings were significantly higher than observer's ratings on PT (p < .001) and EC (p = .009). In contrast to the typically observed superior female empathy, this study suggests this advantage may disappear after a TBI, and possibly result in a disadvantage compared to their uninjured female peers. Theoretical implications of self-awareness and cultural gender expectations for empathy are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 26-06-2013
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2014
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-09-2021
DOI: 10.1111/AJR.12766
Abstract: Speech pathologists play an important role in differentiating language difference from disorder in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. However, speech pathologists report that they lack culturally appropriate resources and feel under‐prepared, which suggests that culturally safe ways of working and available evidence often do not align. The aim of this scoping review was to explore how the language abilities of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are being assessed, the ways in which assessments are being adapted and the context in which results are being interpreted within the published literature. The studies were also evaluated for components of cultural safety using the Cultural Formulation model. A comprehensive and systematic search of the literature was undertaken hand searching was also conducted. To be eligible for inclusion, studies needed to have been conducted in Australia and include receptive and/or expressive language assessment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Combined, the identified studies included 438 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, though only 419 were independent s les. A total of 352 studies were initially identified, 10 of which were retained for this review. Data extraction included participant characteristics, assessment tools and procedures, reported outcomes and factors related to cultural safety according to the Cultural Formulation model. Overall, studies showed that standardised language assessments do not accurately represent the language abilities of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. If used, they should be used alongside other non‐standardised tasks and/or scoring should be adapted. Considerations for increasing cultural safety when assessing the language abilities of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are outlined.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.APMR.2012.03.009
Abstract: To investigate if olfaction is associated with affect recognition and empathy deficits after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Prior research has shown that TBI often leads to loss of smell. We hypothesized a relationship with emotion perception, because the neural substrates of the olfactory system overlap with the ventral circuitry of the orbital frontal cortex, which play a critical role in affective responses, such as empathy. Comparative study investigating differences between participants with TBI who had impaired olfaction (dysosmia) with those with normal olfaction (normosmia). Postacute rehabilitation facilities in the United States, Canada, and New Zealand. Participants (N=106) in the current study were a convenience s le of adults with moderate to severe TBI who were tested for olfactory function as part of a larger, related study on affect recognition. On average, participants were 11.5 years postinjury. Not applicable. Olfaction (Brief Smell Identification Test), facial affect recognition (Diagnostic Assessment of Nonverbal Affect 2-Adult Faces [DANVA2-AF]), vocal affect recognition (Diagnostic Assessment of Nonverbal Affect 2-Adult Paralanguage [DANVA2-AP]), emotional inference (Emotional Inference from Stories Test [EIST]), and empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index [IRI]). Fifty-six percent of participants were dysosmic and only 36% of these participants were aware of their deficit. Participants with dysosmia performed significantly poorer on the DANVA2-AF (P=.003), DANVA2-AP (P=.007), EIST (P=.016), and IRI (P=.013). Medium effect sizes were found for all measures. Dysosmia had a sensitivity value of 86.4% for detecting facial affect recognition impairments and 67.8% for vocal affect recognition impairments. This study shows that olfactory deficits may be indicative of affect recognition impairments and reduced empathy. Early knowledge of affect recognition and empathy deficits would be valuable so that treatment could be implemented predischarge.
Publisher: MyJove Corporation
Date: 15-05-2016
DOI: 10.3791/53774
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCOMDIS.2008.06.001
Abstract: Persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have difficulty recognizing emotion in others. This is likely due to difficulties in interpreting non-verbal cues of affect. Although deficits in interpreting facial cues of affect are being widely explored, interpretation of vocal cues of affect has received much less attention. Accurate interpretation of vocal affect cues is important, particularly when facial cues are absent or ambiguous. These cues also contribute to more accurate identification of emotion. The neural substrates of facial and vocal affect recognition appear to be shared, further contributing to improved bimodal processing. This article discusses the importance of vocal affect cues in interpreting emotion. Expression of vocal affect in persons with TBI is also briefly discussed since difficulty in controlling and manipulating vocal cues of emotion when speaking may also contribute to poor social outcomes. A review of the literature in acoustic parameters that contribute to identification and expression of emotions is followed by a discussion on the integration of visual and auditory cues in bimodal processing and the relationship between facial and vocal affect in persons with TBI. Readers will be able to: 1) Identify the parameters primarily used to describe the acoustic characteristics of vocal affect 2) Describe the acoustic parameters typically associated with Anger, Fear, Happiness and Sadness 3) Describe the difficulties experienced by persons with TBI in the perception and integration of facial and vocal cues of affect.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-07-2022
Abstract: The prevalence of language disorder in youth offenders far exceeds rates reported in community s les. Youth involved in the justice system are also at increased risk of a range of psychiatric disorders, including internalizing mental health problems (i.e., anxiety, depression). However, the frequency with which these co‐occur in this population is not known. Understanding the co‐occurrence of language disorder with anxiety and depression in youth offenders may contribute to more coordinated and targeted support for these vulnerable youth. To explore the co‐occurrence of language disorder and anxiety and depression in youth offenders. A systematic literature search of six databases (CINAHL, ERIC, Medline, PyscINFO, PubMED, Scopus) was conducted (September 2021) using key search terms relevant to the systematic review question. Study inclusion criteria were: (1) original research published in English (2) youth up to 21 years of age involved in the justice system and (3) reported outcomes on language and anxiety and/or depression. All included studies were appraised using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal tool checklist relevant to study design. Due to the heterogeneity of included studies, data synthesis was narrative. Eight studies met the eligibility criteria. A range of measures was used to assess language abilities across s les. Only two studies directly addressed the relationship between language disorder and internalizing mental health problems both found no significant correlation. Although the results did not support a significant relationship between language disorder and internalizing mental health problems in youth offenders, the two appear to occur comorbidly as evidenced by heightened rates of both in the included s les. This review highlights the need for more robust studies aimed to better understand this relationship. Stronger evidence may contribute to increased collaborative speech pathology and psychology services which might increase youth offenders’ accessibility and engagement in intervention programmes (e.g., cognitive–behaviour therapy interpersonal skills training in idual counselling). The markedly high rates of language disorder in youth involved in the justice system have been widely reported. It is also known that externalizing mental health problems often bring youth in contact with the justice system. Though there is some information about the prevalence of internalizing mental health problems in this population, the co‐occurrence of language disorder and internalizing mental health problems has not been examined as widely. This study aimed to identify the frequency of co‐occurrence of language disorder and anxiety and/or depression in youth offenders. Although the results did not support a significant relationship between language disorder and internalizing mental health problems in this population, results of the review provide evidence of heightened rates of both. This study also provides a summary of the various measures used to assess language and internalizing mental health in youth offenders across the eight studies included in this review. It is possible that the tests and sub‐tests used to identify language disorders and internalizing mental health problems were not sensitive enough to identify the full extent of youth offenders’ needs. Identifying the presence of language disorders and internalizing mental health problems and recognizing the impact these may have on the communication and behaviours of an in idual can better inform staff and therapists as they engage and interact with youth in the justice system.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-01-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-05-2015
DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2015.1011233
Abstract: To explore validity of an assessment tool under development-the Emotional Inferencing from Stories Test (EIST). This measure is being designed to assess the ability of people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to make inferences about the emotional state of others solely from contextual cues. Study 1: 25 stories were presented to 40 healthy young adults. From this data, two versions of the EIST (EIST-1 EIST-2) were created. Study 2: Each version was administered to a group of participants with moderate-to-severe TBI-EIST 1 group: 77 participants EIST-2 group: 126 participants. Participants also completed a facial affect recognition (DANVA2-AF) test. Participants with facial affect recognition impairment returned 2 weeks later and were re-administered both tests. Participants with TBI scored significantly lower than the healthy group mean for EIST-1, F(1,114) = 68.49, p < 0.001, and EIST-2, F(1,163) = 177.39, p < 0.001. EIST scores in the EIST-2 group were significantly lower than the EIST-1 group, t = 4.47, p < 0.001. DANVA2-AF scores significantly correlated with EIST scores, EIST-1: r = 0.50, p < 0.001 EIST-2: r = 0.31, p < 0.001. Test-re-test reliability scores for the EIST were adequate. Both versions of the EIST were found to be sensitive to deficits in emotional inferencing. After further development, the EIST may provide clinicians valuable information for intervention planning.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2022
DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2021.1975666
Abstract: Research on the value of interprofessional education (IPE), collaboration and practice in the health sector at both a pre- and post-registration level has increased in recent years. A scoping review of Australian and New Zealand studies was conducted on the value of IPE to interprofessional practice in allied health professionals from 2013 to 2019. A scoping review framework was used to identify 109 studies. Twenty-one articles met the eligibility criteria. The studies were grouped into undergraduate students in academic and WIL settings, allied health professionals and clinical educators. Results suggest that IPE is necessary for the maintenance of interprofessional practice and that it is strongly connected to the development of successful communication within the interprofessional environment. Authentic IPE experience and socialization opportunities appear to be major facilitators of interprofessional practice but no consensus regarding the ideal length of time or timing of IPE was found. The studies also provided an insight into facilitators and barriers to successful implementation of IPE and interprofessional practice in rural environments. As IPE has been shown to contribute to improved interprofessional practice and patient outcomes, future research should explore how to create IPE opportunities for implementation within rural communities where adequate resourcing is most challenged.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.1037/A0021908
Abstract: Difficulties in communication and social relationships present a formidable challenge for many people after traumatic brain injury (TBI). These difficulties are likely to be partially attributable to problems with emotion perception. Mounting evidence shows facial affect recognition to be particularly difficult after TBI. However, no attempt has been made to systematically estimate the magnitude of this problem or the frequency with which it occurs. A meta-analysis is presented examining the magnitude of facial affect recognition difficulties after TBI. From this, the frequency of these impairments in the TBI population is estimated. Effect sizes were calculated from 13 studies that compared adults with moderate to severe TBI to matched healthy controls on static measures of facial affect recognition. The studies collectively presented data from 296 adults with TBI and 296 matched controls. The overall weighted mean effect size for the 13 studies was -1.11, indicating people with TBI on average perform about 1.1 SD below healthy peers on measures of facial affect recognition. Based on estimation of the TBI population standard deviation and modeling of likely distribution shape, it is estimated that between 13% and 39% of people with moderate to severe TBI may have significant difficulties with facial affect recognition, depending on the cut-off criterion used. This is clearly an area that warrants attention, particularly examining techniques for the rehabilitation of these deficits.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-07-2016
DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2016.1208138
Abstract: Film clips and narrative text are useful techniques in eliciting emotion in a laboratory setting but have not been examined side-by-side using the same methodology. This study examined the self-identification of emotions elicited by film clip and narrative text stimuli to confirm that selected stimuli appropriately target the intended emotions. Seventy participants viewed 30 film clips, and 40 additional participants read 30 narrative texts. Participants identified the emotion experienced (happy, sad, angry, fearful, neutral-six stimuli each). Eighty-five percent of participants self-identified the target emotion for at least two stimuli for all emotion categories of film clips, except angry (only one) and for all categories of narrative text, except fearful (only one). The most effective angry text was correctly identified 74% of the time. Film clips were more effective in eliciting all target emotions in participants for eliciting the correct emotion (angry), intensity rating (happy, sad), or both (fearful).
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 21-10-2017
Abstract: The primary objective of the current study was to determine if men and women with traumatic brain injury (TBI) differ in their emotion recognition and emotional inferencing abilities. In addition to overall accuracy, we explored whether differences were contingent upon the target emotion for each task, or upon high- and low-intensity facial and vocal emotion expressions. A total of 160 participants (116 men) with severe TBI completed three tasks – a task measuring facial emotion recognition (DANVA-Faces), vocal emotion recognition (DANVA-Voices) and one measuring emotional inferencing (emotional inference from stories test (EIST)). Results showed that women with TBI were significantly more accurate in their recognition of vocal emotion expressions and also for emotional inferencing. Further analyses of task performance showed that women were significantly better than men at recognising fearful facial expressions and also facial emotion expressions high in intensity. Women also displayed increased response accuracy for sad vocal expressions and low-intensity vocal emotion expressions. Analysis of the EIST task showed that women were more accurate than men at emotional inferencing in sad and fearful stories. A similar proportion of women and men with TBI were impaired (≥ 2 SD s when compared to normative means) at facial emotion perception, χ 2 = 1.45, p = 0.228, but a larger proportion of men was impaired at vocal emotion recognition, χ 2 = 7.13, p = 0.008, and emotional inferencing, χ 2 = 7.51, p = 0.006.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2007
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-04-2014
DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.901560
Abstract: Studies of facial affect recognition by people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have shown this to be a significant problem. Vocal affect recognition also appears to be challenging for this population, but little is known about the degree to which one modality is impaired compared to the other. This study compared facial and vocal affect recognition of high and low intensity emotion expressions in people with moderate-to-severe TBI. The Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy-2 (Adult Faces Voices) was administered to 203 participants with TBI. Adults with TBI identified vocal emotion expressions with greater accuracy than facial emotion expressions. Facial affect recognition impairment was identified in 34% of participants, 22% were classified as having vocal affect recognition impairment and 15% showed impairment in both modalities. Participants were significantly less accurate at identifying low vs high intensity emotion expressions in both modalities. Happy facial expressions were significantly better identified than all other emotions. Errors were distributed across the emotion categories for vocal expressions. The degree of facial affect impairment was significantly greater than vocal affect impairment in this s le of people with moderate-to-severe TBI. Low intensity emotion expressions were particularly problematic and an advantage for positively valenced facial emotion expressions was indicated.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.APMR.2018.07.431
Abstract: To compare empathic responses to affective film clips in participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and controls, and examine associations with affect recognition. Cross sectional study using a quasi-experimental design. Multi-site study conducted at a postacute rehabilitation facility in the United States and a university in Canada. Adults (N=120) with moderate to severe TBI (n=60) and those without TBI (n=60), frequency matched for age and sex. Average time postinjury was 14 years (range: .5-37). Participants were shown affective film clips and asked to report how the main character in the clip felt and how they personally felt in response to the clip. Empathic responses were operationalized as participants feeling the same emotion they identified the character to be feeling. Participants with TBI had lower emotion recognition scores (P=.007) and fewer empathic responses than controls (67% vs 79% P<.001). Participants with TBI accurately identified and empathically responded to characters' emotions less frequently (65%) than controls (78%). Participants with TBI had poorer recognition scores and fewer empathic responses to sad and fearful clips compared to controls. Affect recognition was associated with empathic responses in both groups (P<.001). When participants with TBI accurately recognized characters' emotions, they had an empathic response 71% of the time, which was more than double their empathic responses for incorrectly identified emotions. Participants with TBI were less likely to recognize and respond empathically to others' expressions of sadness and fear, which has implications for interpersonal interactions and relationships. This is the first study in the TBI population to demonstrate a direct association between an affect stimulus and an empathic response.
Location: United States of America
Start Date: 2008
End Date: 2012
Funder: National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research
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