ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5365-1777
Current Organisation
North-West University
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Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 08-2015
Abstract: Modern culture has stereotyped the female body as one that is continually getting thinner. Internalization of the ‘thin’ ideal is partly attributable to the inner ideal to be successful combined with the external pressure imposed by media and others. Many in iduals attempt to achieve these ideals by behavior modification that imposes health risks. To investigate disordered eating (DE) behavior and energy status in female student dancers. Volunteer dancers ( n = 26) aged 19.0 (18.0 21.0) years, matched by controls ( n = 26) aged 20.0 (19.0 21.0) years were recruited. Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) subscales, Three-factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) Cognitive Dietary Restraint (CDR) subscale, and EDI-3 Referral Form behavioral questions assessed DE behavior. Energy status was assessed with a food record and Actiheart monitor. Dancers achieved significantly higher scores than controls in all questionnaires, namely: EDI-3 Drive for Thinness [12.0 (3.0 19.0) vs. 4.5 (2.0 9.0), p = .023], EDI-3 Body Dissatisfaction [16.0 (10.0 25.0) vs. 6.5 (3.0 14.0), p = .004], and TFEQ-CDR [9.0 (2.0 15.0) vs. 3.0 (3.0 7.0), p = .032] dancers used excessive exercise to lose weight (19.2% vs. 0%, c 2 = 5.53, p = .019), and had lower energy availability (24% vs. 8%, p .05) than controls. The average energy balance (EB) was negative for both groups [dancers: EB = -3896 (-5236 -1222) vs. controls: EB = -2639 (-4744 -789) kJ/day]. Female dancers are at risk for DE behavior and many have suboptimal energy status which may be related to their quest to achieve a more desirable appearance education on healthy weight management practices is needed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-10-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S00394-015-1069-9
Abstract: To determine optimal body mass index (BMI) cut-points for the identification of cardiometabolic risk in black South African adults. We performed a cross-sectional study of a weighted s le of healthy black South Africans aged 25-65 years (721 men, 1386 women) from the North West and Free State Provinces. Demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric measures were taken, and blood pressure, fasting serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and blood glucose were measured. We defined elevated cardiometabolic risk as having three or more risk factors according to international metabolic syndrome criteria. Receiver operating characteristic curves were applied to identify an optimal BMI cut-point for men and women. BMI had good diagnostic performance to identify clustering of three or more risk factors, as well as in idual risk factors: low HDL-cholesterol, elevated fasting glucose and triglycerides, with areas under the curve >.6, but not for high blood pressure. Optimal BMI cut-points averaged 22 kg/m In black South African men, a BMI cut-point of 22 kg/m
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.NUMECD.2014.02.005
Abstract: Simple, low-cost central obesity measures may help identify in iduals with increased cardiometabolic disease risk, although it is unclear which measures perform best in African adults. We aimed to: 1) cross-sectionally compare the accuracy of existing waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist circumference (WC) thresholds to identify in iduals with hypertension, pre-diabetes, or dyslipidaemia 2) identify optimal WC and WHtR thresholds to detect CVD risk in this African population and 3) assess which measure best predicts 5-year CVD risk. Black South Africans (577 men, 942 women, aged >30years) were recruited by random household selection from four North West Province communities. Demographic and anthropometric measures were taken. Recommended diagnostic thresholds (WC > 80 cm for women, >94 cm for men WHtR > 0.5) were evaluated to predict blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, lipids, and glycated haemoglobin measured at baseline and 5 year follow up. Women were significantly more overweight than men at baseline (mean body mass index (BMI) women 27.3 ± 7.4 kg/m(2), men 20.9 ± 4.3 kg/m(2)) median WC women 81.9 cm (interquartile range 61-103), men 74.7 cm (63-87 cm), all P 0.5 appears to be more consistently supported and may provide a better predictor of future cardiometabolic risk in sub-Saharan Africa.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.NUT.2009.10.004
Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the inflammatory status of children with differences in nutritional status. This was a cross-sectional study of 184 African children aged 13-18 y from a low socioeconomic background that compared stunted with non-stunted and lean with over-fat (percentage of body fat above normal cutoff points) children. Fasting serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and insulin were measured using high-sensitivity methods. Body composition was assessed using anthropometry and air-displacement plethysmography. T tests for parametric data and the Mann-Whitney test for non-parametric data were used to compare groups. Regression analyses and principal components analyses were done to assess relations between body composition and biochemical variables. Of all participants 18% were stunted. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha of stunted girls was higher than in non-stunted girls. More of the stunted boys were over-fat compared with their non-stunted counterparts. Regression analyses showed that insulin resistance, diastolic blood pressure, and C-reactive protein contributed significantly to interleukin-6 in boys. Serum C-reactive protein, waist circumference, and body mass index clustered together in factor analysis in boys. Serum interleukin-6, waist-hip ratio, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha clustered together in factor analysis in girls. An association between adiposity and stunting and between adiposity low-grade inflammation was found in this study. Interventions for stunted children focus mainly on correction of undernutrition by providing feeding schemes. Attention should, however, also be paid to changes in body composition over time to prevent excessive abdominal fat accumulation and risk for cardiovascular diseases later in life.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.NUT.2004.12.007
Abstract: Early changes in vascular function could be associated with stunting, which may contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases in later life. In this study we tested the hypothesis that stunting may be related to changes in cardiovascular function in African children ages 10 to 15 y. In the Transition and Health during Urbanization in South Africa in Children study, the health status of children in the North-West Province of South Africa was studied. It was an epidemiologic, cross-sectional study in which 583 black non-stunted and 192 stunted children (stature below the fifth percentile for age) of both sexes ages 10 to 15 y were recruited from 44 schools. Blood pressure was monitored with the Finapres (finger-arterial pressure) apparatus and by means of the Fast Modelflo software program measurements for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, total peripheral resistance, and arterial compliance were obtained. Dietary intake data were collected with a 24-h dietary recall questionnaire. Nutrient coding was the same for all recalls and macro- and micronutrients were calculated. Anthropometric measurements were done according to standard methods. There were no significant differences in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure between stunted and non-stunted children after correction for body mass index and heart rate. Stroke volume, arterial compliance, and cardiac output were significantly lower and total peripheral resistance was significantly higher in stunted children than in non-stunted children. No significant differences in dietary intake could be detected, although dietary intakes were slightly lower in the stunted children. We found that compliance, a marker of vascular function, is significantly lower in stunted children. Stunting was related to early changes in cardiovascular function in African children ages 10 to 15 y.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JCH.13329
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-10-2019
DOI: 10.3390/NU11102519
Abstract: This prospective study investigated the association between nutrient intake, dietary patterns, and changes in bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal urban black South African women over two years. These women (n = 144) underwent BMD measurements at the distal radius, lumbar spine, femoral neck (FN), as well as a biochemical analysis which included the parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D, C-Telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1) in 2010 and 2012. Their dietary intake was assessed in 2010 using a food frequency questionnaire, and sociodemographic and health information was collected. Four dietary patterns explained 54.4% of the variance of dietary intake, namely staple foods and processed meats, home cooking, snacking, and high sugar. Dietary magnesium negatively correlated with CTx-1 in 2012 (r = −0.21, p = 0.02), calcium correlated with distal radius BMD in 2010 (r = 0.22, p = 0.01) and 2012 (r = 0.24, p = 0.005), and the snacking dietary pattern score correlated with FN BMD in 2010 (r = 0.18, p = 0.03) and 2012 (r = 0.21, p = 0.02). The baseline CTx-1 and dietary magnesium intake predicted 22% of the variance in percentage change of CTx-1 over two years (p 0.001).The magnesium intake predicted short-term bone resorption over two years.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.NUT.2004.09.010
Abstract: First, we wanted to dispel the myth that avocados are fattening and therefore should be avoided in energy-restricted diets. Second, we examined the effects of avocados, a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids, as part of an energy-restricted diet on weight loss, serum lipids, fibrinogen, and vascular function in overweight and obese subjects. Sixty-one free-living volunteers (13 men and 48 women), with body mass index of 32 +/- 3.9 kg/m(2) (mean +/- standard deviation) participated in this randomized, controlled, parallel study. Subjects were paired and randomly assigned to one of two groups. The experimental group consumed 200 g/d of avocado (30.6 g of fat), which substituted for 30 g of other mixed dietary fats such as margarine or oil, and the control group excluded avocado from their energy-restricted diet for 6 wk. Seven-day isoenergetic menus were planned according to mean energy requirements of both sexes to provide total energy intakes consisting of 30% fat, 55% carbohydrates, and 15% protein. Anthropometric measurements, physical activity, blood pressure, and arterial compliance were measured with standard methods at the beginning and end of the intervention. Fasting blood s les were drawn at the beginning and end of the intervention. Fifty-five subjects completed the study. The compliance rate to avocado intake in the experimental group was 94.6%. The percentage of plasma oleic acid increased significantly with the consumption of avocado in the experimental group, whereas a decrease was seen in the percentage of myristic acid from baseline to the end of the intervention in both groups but was significant only in the experimental group. Anthropometric measurements (body mass, body mass index, and percentage of body fat) decreased significantly in both groups during the study (P < 0.001), and the change was similar in both groups. Serum lipid concentrations (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triacylglycerols), fibrinogen, blood pressure, and arterial compliance did not change significantly within or between groups. The consumption of 200 g/d of avocado within an energy-restricted diet does not compromise weight loss when substituted for 30 g of mixed dietary fat. Serum lipid concentrations, plasma fibrinogen, arterial compliance, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were not affected by weight loss or avocado intake.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 04-07-2013
DOI: 10.1017/S000711451300189X
Abstract: Little is known about the effects of combined micronutrient and sugar consumption on growth and cognition. In the present study, we investigated the effects of micronutrients and sugar, alone and in combination, in a beverage on growth and cognition in schoolchildren. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, children ( n 414, 6–11 years) were randomly allocated to consume beverages containing (1) micronutrients with sugar, (2) micronutrients with a non-nutritive sweetener, (3) no micronutrients with sugar or (4) no micronutrients with a non-nutritive sweetener for 8·5 months. Growth was assessed and cognition was tested using the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children version II (KABC-II) subtests and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT). Micronutrients decreased the OR for Fe deficiency at the endpoint (OR 0·19 95 % CI 0·07, 0·53). Micronutrients increased KABC Atlantis (intervention effect: 0·76 95 % CI 0·10, 1·42) and HVLT Discrimination Index (1·00 95 % CI 0·01, 2·00) scores. Sugar increased KABC Atlantis (0·71 95 % CI 0·05, 1·37) and Rover (0·72 95 % CI 0·08, 1·35) scores and HVLT Recall 3 (0·94 95 % CI 0·15, 1·72). Significant micronutrient × sugar interaction effects on the Atlantis, Number recall, Rover and Discrimination Index scores indicated that micronutrients and sugar in combination attenuated the beneficial effects of micronutrients or sugar alone. Micronutrients or sugar alone had a lowering effect on weight-for-age z -scores relative to controls (micronutrients − 0·08 95 % CI − 0·15, − 0·01 sugar − 0·07 95 % CI − 0·14, − 0·002), but in combination, this effect was attenuated. The beverages with micronutrients or added sugar alone had a beneficial effect on cognition, which was attenuated when provided in combination.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-01-2015
Abstract: Age-related muscle and fat mass (FM) changes are ethnicity specific. We aimed to develop a cut-point for the muscle mass component of sarcopenia for black South African (SA) women, and to assess its predictive value, in comparison to established cut-points, to identify functional ability among older black SA women. In a cross-sectional study, a sarcopenia cut-point was calculated from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) indexes (ASMI) from two young black SA reference groups. The new cut-point was compared with the most recent Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) criteria (ASM <15.02 kg and ASM(BMI) <0.512), an internationally accepted cut-point (ASMI <5.5 kg/m(2)) and a residual method adjusting for FM. All cut-points were then applied to 221 older black women to predict gait speed and handgrip strength. A cut-point of ASMI <4.94 kg/m(2) was derived from the young SA reference groups. Using this cut-point, 9.1% of older women were classified as sarcopenic, compared with 16.7-38.7% using other cut-points. The only cut-points that significantly predicted low functional ability (low gait speed and low handgrip strength) in older black women were the new SA cut-point and the FNIH ASM criterion. Multivariate logistic regression models for both these cut-points significantly predicted low handgrip strength (odds ratio (OR)=3.71, P=0.007 and OR=3.42, P=0.001, respectively) and low gait speed (OR=9.82, P=0.004 and OR=8.71, P=0.008, respectively). The new SA cut-point had similar or greater odds of predicting reduced functional ability in older SA women when compared with other internationally accepted cut-points.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.NUT.2012.08.009
Abstract: A waist:height ratio (WHtR) higher than 0.5 has been proposed as a cutoff point for abdominal obesity in both sexes and at all ages. It is unknown if this cutoff point is appropriate for previously undernourished adolescents. We assessed the cutoff value of the WHtR associated with an increased metabolic risk in 178 black South African 14- to 18-y-old adolescents (69 boys, 109 girls). We measured weight, height, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and blood pressure and calculated the WHtR and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Using receiver operating characteristics curve analyses, we assessed the WHtR with the highest sensitivity and specificity to discriminate adolescents with increased fasting plasma glucose, HOMA-IR, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and blood pressure from those with "normal" values. The WHtR cutoff points derived from the receiver operating characteristics curves ranged from 0.40 to 0.41, with best diagnostic value at 0.41. A WHtR of 0.40 had 80% sensitivity and 38.5% specificity to classify adolescents with fasting blood glucose level higher than 5.6 mmol/L (area under the curve [AUC] 0.57). A WHtR of 0.41 had 64% sensitivity and 58.5% specificity for a HOMA-IR higher than 3.4 (AUC 0.66), 55% sensitivity and 55.6% specificity for a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level higher than 1 mg/L (AUC 0.57), and 64% sensitivity and 50.2% specificity for a blood pressure higher than the age-, sex-, and height-specific 90th percentiles (AUC 0.56). Adolescents with a WHtR higher than 0.41 had an odds ratio of 2.46 (95% confidence interval 0.96-6.30) for having a HOMA-IR higher than 3.4. The WHtR cutoff to indicate metabolic risk for black South African adolescents is 0.41, which is lower than the proposed international cutoff of 0.5. The WHtR can be used for screening adolescents with components of the metabolic syndrome in intervention programs.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-03-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S12603-015-0492-1
Abstract: To examine the association between body composition (fat mass, lean mass and body mass index, BMI) and bone health (bone mineral density, BMD and fracture risk) in urban black South African women. A cross sectional study examining associations between body composition, dietary intake (food frequency questionnaire), habitual physical activity (Activity energy expenditure (AEE) measured using an accelerometer with combined heart rate monitor and physical activity questionnaire) and bone health (BMD using dual-energy X ray absorptiometry, DXA and fracture risk). Urban community dwellers from Ikageng in the North-West Province of South Africa. One hundred and eighty nine (189) healthy postmenopausal women aged ≥43 years. Fat mass and lean mass were significantly associated with BMD and fracture risk when adjusted for potential confounders. However, lean mass and not fat mass remained significantly associated with femoral neck BMD (β = 0.49, p <0.001), spine BMD (β = 0.48, p< 0.0001) and hip BMD (β = 0.59, p< 0.0001). Lean mass was also negatively associated with fracture risk (β = -0.19 p =0.04) when both lean and fat mass were in the same model. Lean mass and fat mass were positively associated with femoral neck, spine and hip BMDs and negatively associated with fracture risk in urban black South African women. Our finding suggests that increasing lean mass rather than fat mass is beneficial to bone health. Our study emphasises the importance of positive lifestyle changes, intake of calcium from dairy and adequate weight to maintain and improve bone health of postmenopausal women.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-09-2017
No related grants have been discovered for Herculina Salome Kruger.