ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9067-8282
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Public Policy | Sociology | Nursing | Transport Engineering | Transport Planning | Community Planning | Public Health and Health Services | Epidemiology | Health Information Systems (Incl. Surveillance) | Applied Sociology, Program Evaluation and Social Impact Assessment | Environmental Sociology | Education Studies Not Elsewhere Classified | Urban and Regional Planning | Public Health And Health Services Not Elsewhere Classified | Nursing Not Elsewhere Classified | Health Information Systems (incl. Surveillance) |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Injury control | Road Safety | Changing work patterns | Management of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Transport Activities | Social Structure and Health | Nursing | Health policy evaluation | Management of Gaseous Waste from Transport Activities (excl. Greenhouse Gases) | Evaluation of Health Outcomes | Health and support services not elsewhere classified | Health Status (e.g. Indicators of Well-Being) | Injury Control | Road Passenger Movements (excl. Public Transport) | Occupational Health
Related Links
Publications
Mental health: A cause or consequence of injury? A population-based matched cohort study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-05-2006
Ear for recovery: protocol for a prospective study on parent-child communication and psychological recovery after paediatric injury
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-02-2015
The public policy approach to injury prevention
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 27-01-2011
Determinants of workplace injury among Thai Cohort Study participants.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 07-2013
Causes of injuries resulting in hospitalisation in Australia: Assessing coder agreement on external causes
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2009
Abstract: To assess extent of coder agreement for external causes of injury using ICD-10-AM for injury-related hospitalisations in Australian public hospitals. A random s le of 4850 discharges from 2002 to 2004 was obtained from a stratified random s le of 50 hospitals across four states in Australia. On-site medical record reviews were conducted and external cause codes were assigned blinded to the original coded data. Code agreement levels were grouped into the following agreement categories: block level, 3-character level, 4-character level, 5th-character level, and complete code level. At a broad block level, code agreement was found in over 90% of cases for most mechanisms (eg, transport, fall). Percentage disagreement was 26.0% at the 3-character level agreement for the complete external cause code was 67.6%. For activity codes, the percentage of disagreement at the 3-character level was 7.3% and agreement for the complete activity code was 68.0%. For place of occurrence codes, the percentage of disagreement at the 4-character level was 22.0% agreement for the complete place code was 75.4%. With 68% agreement for complete codes and 74% agreement for 3-character codes, as well as variability in agreement levels across different code blocks, place and activity codes, researchers need to be aware of the reliability of their specific data of interest when they wish to undertake trend analyses or case selection for specific causes of interest.
Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) Coefficients 2009 Revision
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 04-2010
Identification of alcohol involvement in injury‐related hospitalisations using routine data compared to medical record review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.2010.00499.X
Abstract: To quantify the extent that alcohol related injuries are adequately identified in hospitalisation data using ICD-10-AM codes indicative of alcohol involvement. A random s le of 4,373 injury-related hospital separations from 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2004 were obtained from a stratified random s le of 50 hospitals across four states in Australia. From this s le, cases were identified as involving alcohol if they contained an ICD-10-AM diagnosis or external cause code referring to alcohol, or if the text description extracted from the medical records mentioned alcohol involvement. Overall, identification of alcohol involvement using ICD codes detected 38% of the alcohol-related s le, while almost 94% of alcohol-related cases were identified through a search of the text extracted from the medical records. The resultant estimate of alcohol involvement in injury-related hospitalisations in this s le was 10%. Emergency department records were the most likely to identify whether the injury was alcohol-related with almost three-quarters of alcohol-related cases mentioning alcohol in the text abstracted from these records. The current best estimates of the frequency of hospital admissions where alcohol is involved prior to the injury underestimate the burden by around 62%. This is a substantial underestimate that has major implications for public policy, and highlights the need for further work on improving the quality and completeness of routine administrative data sources for identification of alcohol-related injuries.
Exposure factors of Victoria's active motorcycle fleet related to serious injury crash risk
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-09-2016
DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2016.1159304
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe the nature and extent of current powered 2-wheeler (PTW) risk exposures in order to support future efforts to improve safety for this mode of transport. A cross-sectional analysis of the control arm of a population-based case-control study was conducted. The control s le was selected from 204 sites on public roads within 150 km of the city of Melbourne that were locations of recent serious injury motorcycle crashes. Traffic observations and measurements at each site were s led for a mean of 2 h on the same type of day (weekday, Saturday, or Sunday) and within 1 h of the crash time. Photographs of passing riders during this observation period recorded data relating to characteristics of PTWs, age of riders, travel speed of PTWs and all vehicles, time gaps between vehicles, visibility, and protective clothing use. Motorcycles and scooters represented 0.6% of all traffic (compared with 4% of all vehicle registrations). Riders were significantly more likely to have larger time gaps in front and behind when compared to other vehicles. The average travel speed of motorcycles was not significantly different than the traffic, but a significantly greater proportion were exceeding the speed limit when compared to other vehicles (6 vs. 3%, respectively). The age of registered owners of passing motorcycles was 42 years. Over half of riders were wearing dark clothing with no fluorescent or reflective surfaces. One third of motorcyclists had maximum coverage of motorcycle-specific protective clothing. A very low prevalence of motorcyclists combined with relatively higher rates of larger time gaps to other vehicles around motorcycles may help explain their overrepresentation in injury crashes where another vehicle fails to give way. An increased risk of injury in the event of a crash exists for a small but greater proportion of motorcyclists (compared to other vehicle types) who were exceeding the speed limit. An apparent shift toward older age of the active rider population may be reducing injury crash risk relative to exposure time. There is significant scope to improve the physical conspicuity of motorcyclists and the frequency of motorcycle specific protective clothing use. These results can be used to inform policy development and monitor progress of current and future road safety initiatives.
Health risk factors and the incidence of hypertension: 4-Year prospective findings from a national cohort of 60 569 Thai Open University students
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2013
Bio-Psychosocial Determinants of Persistent Pain 6 Months After Non-Life-Threatening Acute Orthopaedic Trauma
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPAIN.2009.12.002
Abstract: The study quantifies the association between a range of bio-psychosocial factors and the presence of persistent pain, pain severity and pain interfering with normal work activities in a cohort of 168 patients with a range of non-life-threatening orthopaedic injuries. Participants were recruited following presentation to 1 of 4 Victoria hospitals for treatment for their injury and followed until 6 months postinjury. Multivariate analysis was employed to determine factors associated with pain outcomes, 6 months postinjury. The prevalence of pain was common 54% of participants reported the presence of persistent pain at 6 months, with the majority (87%) reporting that pain interfered to an extent with their normal work activities. High initial pain, external attributions of responsibility for the injury, and psychological distress were found to be significant independent predictors of the presence of all 3 outcomes. In addition, poor recovery expectations was found to be a significant predictor of pain-related work disability and being injured at work a significant predictor of pain severity. Many of these factors are potentially modifiable and should alert the clinician about the need for interventions in order to prevent the development of pain chronicity. This study has quantified determinants of pain, 6 months after non-life-threatening acute orthopaedic trauma. Psychosocial factors strongly predicted persistent pain, pain-related work disability, and pain severity. These findings may assist clinicians to determine the need for, and likely effectiveness of, in idual pain-management approaches in this population.
Higher mortality risk among injured individuals in a population-based matched cohort study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-02-2017
Work disability after road traffic injury in a mixed population with and without hospitalisation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2012.11.010
Abstract: Studies addressing work disability after road traffic injury are generally aimed at seriously injured hospital patients, and less is known about the disability burden associated with injuries not requiring hospitalisation. The aim of this study was to describe the distribution and determinants of work disability outcomes for patients with musculoskeletal and orthopaedic traffic injuries, including those not sufficiently severe to require hospitalisation. Persons injured in road traffic accidents in 2005-2007 claiming compensation via the Transport Accident Commission (Victoria, Australia) were included if they had compensated time off work, and their most serious injury was musculoskeletal or orthopaedic (n=5970). Work disability outcomes were determined from income compensation payments over 17 months following the accident. Logistic regression models were used relating demographic and injury characteristics to work disability. Of the injuries, 59% required hospitalisation 15% required hospitalisation of >1 week. Long-term work disability was common with 32% of injuries resulting in work disability ≥6 months after the accident. The duration of work disability increased markedly with length of hospital stay. Those with no hospital stay accounted for 27% of all work disability days those with ≤7 days in hospital (including no hospital stay) accounted for 71%. Female sex, age ≥35 years and early opioid prescriptions were also risk factors for work disability ≥6 months after the accident. The majority of work disability days were among patients with one week or less in hospital. Because (short) hospitalisation was relatively common after traffic accidents, the relative work disability burden of non-hospitalised injury is not as great as in a mixed injury aetiology population.
The use of narrative text for injury surveillance research: A systematic review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2009.09.020
Abstract: To summarise the extent to which narrative text fields in administrative health data are used to gather information about the event resulting in presentation to a health care provider for treatment of an injury, and to highlight best practise approaches to conducting narrative text interrogation for injury surveillance purposes. Systematic review. Electronic databases searched included CINAHL, Google Scholar, Medline, Proquest, PubMed and PubMed Central. Snowballing strategies were employed by searching the bibliographies of retrieved references to identify relevant associated articles. Papers were selected if the study used a health-related database and if the study objectives were to a) use text field to identify injury cases or use text fields to extract additional information on injury circumstances not available from coded data or b) use text fields to assess accuracy of coded data fields for injury-related cases or c) describe methods/approaches for extracting injury information from text fields. The papers identified through the search were independently screened by two authors for inclusion, resulting in 41 papers selected for review. Due to heterogeneity between studies meta-analysis was not performed. The majority of papers reviewed focused on describing injury epidemiology trends using coded data and text fields to supplement coded data (28 papers), with these studies demonstrating the value of text data for providing more specific information beyond what had been coded to enable case selection or provide circumstantial information. Caveats were expressed in terms of the consistency and completeness of recording of text information resulting in underestimates when using these data. Four coding validation papers were reviewed with these studies showing the utility of text data for validating and checking the accuracy of coded data. Seven studies (9 papers) described methods for interrogating injury text fields for systematic extraction of information, with a combination of manual and semi-automated methods used to refine and develop algorithms for extraction and classification of coded data from text. Quality assurance approaches to assessing the robustness of the methods for extracting text data was only discussed in 8 of the epidemiology papers, and 1 of the coding validation papers. All of the text interrogation methodology papers described systematic approaches to ensuring the quality of the approach. Manual review and coding approaches, text search methods, and statistical tools have been utilised to extract data from narrative text and translate it into useable, detailed injury event information. These techniques can and have been applied to administrative datasets to identify specific injury types and add value to previously coded injury datasets. Only a few studies thoroughly described the methods which were used for text mining and less than half of the studies which were reviewed used/described quality assurance methods for ensuring the robustness of the approach. New techniques utilising semi-automated computerised approaches and Bayesian/clustering statistical methods offer the potential to further develop and standardise the analysis of narrative text for injury surveillance.
The association of social functioning, social relationships and the receipt of compensation with time to return to work following unintentional injuries to victorian workers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-01-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S10926-012-9354-4
Abstract: Understanding in idual factors associated with return to work (RTW) post-injury is an important goal of compensation systems research. The aim of the present study was to determine factors associated with time to return to work following acute unintentional injuries. A prospective cohort study was conducted in Victoria, Australia. The cohort comprised 133 persons who were employed at the time they were admitted to one of three study hospitals. Baseline health status data was obtained retrospectively at one-week post-injury and participants were further surveyed at 1, 6, 12, 26 and 52 weeks post-injury to measure recovery. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to examine the association between potential prognostic factors and time to RTW during the 12 month study. At the end of 12 months follow-up, 81.2% of the study cohort had returned to work. Older age, increased injury severity, self reported symptomatic pain and poor mental health at 1 week post-injury were associated with extended time to RTW. A significant statistical interaction between the receipt of compensation and high social functioning as measured by the SF-36 or strong social relationships as measured by the Assessment of Quality of Life was associated with earlier RTW. Participants reporting strong social relationships and high social functioning at 1 week post-injury and entitled to injury compensation returned to work 2.05 and 3.66 times earlier respectively, than similar participants with no entitlement to compensation. Both injury-related and psychosocial factors were associated with the duration of time to RTW following acute unintentional injuries. This study replicated previously reported findings on social functioning and compensation from an independent acute trauma s le. Programs or policies to improve social functioning early post-injury may provide opportunities to improve the duration of time to RTW following injury.
Accuracy of external cause-of-injury coding in hospital records
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 02-2009
Abstract: To appraise the published evidence regarding the accuracy of external cause-of-injury codes in hospital records. Systematic review. Electronic databases searched included PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, CINAHL, Academic Search Elite, Proquest Health and Medical Complete, and Google Scholar. Snowballing strategies were used by searching the bibliographies of retrieved references to identify relevant associated articles. Studies were included in the review if they assessed the accuracy of external cause-of-injury coding in hospital records via a recoding methodology. The papers identified through the search were independently screened by two authors for inclusion. Because of heterogeneity between studies, meta-analysis was not performed. Very limited research on the accuracy of external cause coding for injury-related hospitalisation using medical record review and recoding methodologies has been conducted, with only five studies matching the selection criteria. The accuracy of external cause coding using ICD-9-CM ranged from approximately 64% when exact code agreement was examined to approximately 85% when agreement for broader groups of codes was examined. Although broad external cause groupings coded in ICD-9-CM can be used with some confidence, researchers should exercise caution for very specific codes until further research is conducted to validate these data. As all previous studies have been conducted using ICD-9-CM, research is needed to quantify the accuracy of coding using ICD-10-AM, and validate the use of these data for injury surveillance purposes.
Modelling SARS-CoV-2 disease progression in Australia and New Zealand: an account of an agent-based approach to support public health decision-making
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
A systematic review of early prognostic factors for persistent pain following acute orthopedic trauma
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1155/2012/935194
Abstract: Persistent or chronic pain is prevalent in many developed countries, with estimates ranging from 10% to higher than 50%, and is a major economic burden to in iduals and societies. However, the variation in pain outcomes after acute orthopedic trauma and treatment confronts treating physicians with uncertainty in providing prognostic advice regarding long-term recovery. Although several previous reviews have addressed the determinants of chronic pain outcomes secondary to acute trauma, they have primarily focused on specific injury s les and, furthermore, lack consistency with respect to the important prognostic factors, which limits the generalizability of findings. This review, however, aimed specifically to identify the early prognostic factors associated with variation in persistent pain outcomes following acute orthopedic trauma presenting with a spectrum of pathologies. BACKGROUND: Acute orthopedic trauma contributes substantially to the global burden of disease. OBJECTIVES: The present systematic review aimed to summarize the current knowledge concerning prognostic factors for the presence of persistent pain, pain severity and pain-related disability following acute orthopedic trauma involving a spectrum of pathologies to working-age adults. METHODS: The Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for level II prognostic studies published between January 1996 and October 2010. Studies that were longitudinal and reported results with multivariate analyses appropriate for prognostic studies were included. Studies that addressed two specific injury types that have been the subject of previous reviews, namely, injuries to the spinal column and utations, were excluded. RESULTS: The searches yielded 992 studies 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and were rated for methodological quality. Seventeen factors were considered in more than one cohort. There was strong evidence supporting the association of female sex, older age, high pain intensity, preinjury anxiety or depression, and fewer years of education with persistent pain outcomes. There was moderate evidence supporting the association between postinjury depression or anxiety with persistent pain, and that injury severity was not a risk factor for ongoing pain. CONCLUSION: Many in iduals experience persistent pain following acute trauma. Due to the lack of studies, the use of different constructs to measure the same factor and the methodological limitations associated with many of the studies, the present review was only able to reliably identify a limited set of factors that predicted persistent pain. Recommendations for the conduct of future methodologically rigorous studies of persistent pain are provided.
The Relationship Between Maternal Education and Child Health Outcomes in Urban Australian Children in the First 12 Months of Life
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-06-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S10995-015-1771-5
Abstract: To describe the relationship between maternal education and child health outcomes at 12 months of age in a cohort of children in urban Australia, and to determine whether this relationship could be explained by the intermediate factors of maternal health behaviour and the social environmental context. Data were derived from The Environments for Health Living Griffith Birth Cohort Study. Women attending their third trimester antenatal appointment at one of three public hospitals were recruited between 2006 and 2010 and invited to complete a 48-item, baseline self-administered questionnaire. Twelve months following the birth of their baby, a follow-up questionnaire consisting of 63 items was distributed. Women for whom complete follow-up data were not available were different from women who did complete follow-up data. The children of women with follow-up data-whom at the time of their pregnancy had not completed school or whose highest level of education was secondary school or a trade-had respectively a 59 and 57 % increased chance of having had a respiratory/infectious disease or injury in the first year of life (according to parent proxy-reports), compared to children of women with a tertiary education. When maternal behavioural and social environmental factors during pregnancy were included in the model (n=1914), the effect of secondary education was still evident but with a reduced odds ratio of 1.35 (95 % CI 1.07-1.72) and 1.19 (95 % CI 0.87-1.64), respectively. The effect of not having completed school was no longer significant. Results indicate that the relationship between maternal education and child outcomes may be mediated by maternal social environmental and behavioural factors. Results are likely an underestimation of the effect size, given the under representation in our cohort of participants with maternal characteristics associated with elevated risk of infant morbidity.
Using cognitive work analysis and the strategies analysis diagram to understand variability in road user behaviour at intersections
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2013.768707
Abstract: In this article, an application of cognitive work analysis (CWA), using the strategies analysis diagram (SAD) method, to model performance variability in road transport, is presented. Specifically, the method was used to describe performance variability across four road user groups (drivers, cyclists, motorcyclists and pedestrians) when turning right at an urban signalised intersection. The analysis demonstrated that the method was able to identify a comprehensive range of strategies that road users can potentially use while turning right at an intersection, thereby describing a range of performance variability within intersection systems. Furthermore, the method identified constraints, disturbances, changes in circumstances and other influences on road user performance variability. It is concluded that the CWA/SAD approach was able to describe both the different ways in which activities can be executed and disturbances, situations and constraints that create performance variability. The implications of these findings for road design and intersection safety are discussed along with the benefits and drawbacks of the methodology used. Recently, the strategies analysis diagram was proposed as a method to support the cognitive work analysis framework in modelling performance variability. This article evaluated this method within a complex sociotechnical system, namely road transport. The application provided insight into performance variability across road user groups when turning right at intersections.
First return to work following injury: does it reflect a composite or a homogeneous outcome?
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-09-2010
Abstract: To test whether return to work as a binary (yes/no) outcome that includes all persons who returned to work regardless of mode of return reflects a composite or a homogeneous outcome in a cohort of workers who have sustained acute orthopaedic trauma resulting in hospitalisation. Prospective cohort study. One hundred and sixty-eight participants were recruited and followed for 6 months. The study achieved 89% follow-up. Baseline data were obtained at study recruitment and participants were further surveyed by phone at three timepoints during the study. Polytomous logistic regression was used to simultaneously examine the association between potential predictors and different modes of first return to work (RTW). A test of the equality of the ORs associated with the independent predictor variables was also undertaken. Of the 152 participants with full follow-up, 46 (30%) returned first to full duties, 58 (38%) returned first to modified work and 48 (32%) did not return to work during the study period. Significant determinants of the two modes of return to work were different. A test of the equality of ORs indicated that the relative ORs for the difference in the slope coefficients for five of the 10 independent factors in the two polytomous logistic regression sub-models corresponding to each mode of return to work were statistically significant. This raises the likelihood that first RTW reflects a composite rather than a homogeneous outcome. The study provides evidence that RTW may reflect a composite outcome when it includes different modes of first RTW. The identified predictive factors appear to exert different mechanisms of action depending on the mode of RTW. The findings suggest that the different modes of RTW may need to be considered independently. The results of the study have potentially important implications for research and insurance practice.
Quantifying the hospitalised morbidity and mortality attributable to traumatic injury using a population-based matched cohort in Australia
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 12-2016
Ten-year outcomes following traumatic brain injury: A population-based cohort
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1080/02699050802060621
Abstract: To quantify the 10 year health service use (HSU) and mortality outcomes for people with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). A population-based matched cohort study using linked administrative data from Manitoba, Canada (Manitoba Injury Outcome Study). An inception cohort (1988-1991) of hospitalized cases with TBI aged 18-64 years (n = 1290) was identified and matched to a non-injured comparison group (n = 1290). Survival analysis, Negative binomial and Poisson regression were used to quantify associations between injury and HSU/mortality outcomes for 10 years following the TBI event. The majority of deaths (47.2%) occurred in the first 60 days following injury. Excluding the first 60 days, the adjusted 10 year mortality remained elevated (mortality rate ratio = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.02-2.15). After adjusting for demographic characteristics and pre-existing health status, the TBI cohort had more post-injury hospitalizations (rate ratio (RR) = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.39-1.71), greater cumulative lengths of stay (RR = 5.14, 95% CI = 3.29-8.02) and a greater post-injury physician claims rate (RR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.35-1.53) than the non-injured cohort. People who sustain a TBI and survive the initial acute phase of care experience substantially increased long-term morbidity compared to the general population, regardless of the level of injury severity.
Predictors of using trains as a suicide method: Findings from Victoria, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2017.03.057
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the choice of trains over other means of suicide. We performed a case-control study using data on all suicides in Victoria, Australia between 2009 and 2012. Cases were those who died by rail suicide and controls were those who died by suicide by any other means. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between the choice of trains and a range of in idual-level and neighbourhood-level factors. In iduals who were never married had double odds of using trains compared to in iduals who were married. Those from areas with a higher proportion of people who travel to work by train also had greater odds of dying by railway suicide compared to those from areas with a relatively lower proportion of people who travel to work by train. Prevention efforts should consider limiting access to the railways and other evidence-based suicide prevention activities.
Identifying work related injuries: comparison of methods for interrogating text fields
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-04-2010
The Impact of Aging on Work Disability and Return to Work
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2012
A systems approach to examining disaster response: Using Accimap to describe the factors influencing bushfire response
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
How well do anatomical-based injury severity scores predict health service use in the 12 months after injury?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2005
DOI: 10.1080/17457300500172735
Abstract: There is an acknowledged need for valid and reliable injury scores, suitable for use at the population level, which can accurately predict the long-term outcome of injury. The objective was to quantify the extent to which the abbreviated injury severity score (AIS) and the functional capacity index score (FCI) predict use of health services in the 12 months following an injury event. A cohort of injured people (ICD-9-CM 800-995) aged 18 - 64 years was identified from Manitoba hospital discharge abstracts from January 1988 to December 1991. For each member of the cohort whose injuries could be mapped to an abbreviated injury scale unique identifier, a maximum AIS (maxAIS) and a maximum FCI (maxFCI) were obtained. The cohort was linked with hospital discharge abstracts, physicians' claims and deaths from the population registry for the 12 months following injury. Negative binomial regression was used to model the relationships between the severity scores and the three outcome measures, while controlling for potential confounding variables. In total, 20 677 (97%) eligible cases were identified, of which 16 834 (81%) could be assigned a maxAIS and 15 823 (77%) a maxFCI. MaxAIS and maxFCI were significantly associated with total days in hospital following injury, but explained little of the variation in any of the health service use outcome variables (maxAIS, partial pseudo r2 ranging from < 0.001 to 0.041 and maxFCI, partial pseudo r2 ranging from < 0.001 to 0.018). It was concluded that anatomical damage is only partly responsible for long-term injury outcome. Additional variables would need to be included in predictive models of health outcomes of injury before these models could be reliable.
The reliability of information on work-related injuries available from hospitalisation data in Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.2009.00404.X
Abstract: To examine the reliability of work-related activity coding for injury-related hospitalisations in Australia. A random s le of 4,373 injury-related hospital separations from 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2004 were obtained from a stratified random s le of 50 hospitals across four states in Australia. From this s le, cases were identified as work-related if they contained an ICD-10-AM work-related activity code (U73) allocated by either: (i) the original coder (ii) an independent auditor, blinded to the original code or (iii) a research assistant, blinded to both the original and auditor codes, who reviewed narrative text extracted from the medical record. The concordance of activity coding and number of cases identified as work-related using each method were compared. Of the 4,373 cases s led, 318 cases were identified as being work-related using any of the three methods for identification. The original coder identified 217 and the auditor identified 266 work-related cases (68.2% and 83.6% of the total cases identified, respectively). Around 10% of cases were only identified through the text description review. The original coder and auditor agreed on the assignment of work-relatedness for 68.9% of cases. The best estimates of the frequency of hospital admissions for occupational injury underestimate the burden by around 32%. This is a substantial underestimate that has major implications for public policy, and highlights the need for further work on improving the quality and completeness of routine, administrative data sources for a more complete identification of work-related injuries.
Prescription Opioids for Occupational Injury: Results from Workers' Compensation Claims Records
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-2014
DOI: 10.1111/PME.12421
Abstract: The objective of this study is to identify the prevalence of opioid prescription use in an Australian workers' compensation population and assess predictors of long-term use. Retrospective administrative data analysis. WorkSafe Victoria (Australia) workers' compensation. Workers with a workers' compensation claim were included if the injury/illness started in 2008 or 2009 (N = 54,931). Claim payments records dating up to 2 years postinjury were analyzed to determine receipt of prescription opioids. Long-term use was defined as use of any opioid beyond 1 year postinjury. Within the follow-up period, 8,933 (16.3%) workers claimed prescription opioids: 10.0% claimed opioids in the first year only, and 6.3% claimed opioids beyond the first year. The most commonly received opioids were codeine (10.4%), oxycodone (7.5%), and tramadol (5.0%). Dextropropoxyphene, which is considered unsafe in many countries because of potentially fatal side effects, was used by 1.9% of injured workers. Progression to long-term use of opioids was common (N = 3,446 39%): age (35-64 years the association with age followed an inverse U-shaped curve), women, laborers, lower socioeconomic status, greater work disability, and greater hospital expense were associated with opioid use beyond the first year postinjury. Prescription opioid use for workplace injury in Australia is common but not as common as reports from U.S. workers' compensation schemes. The type of opioid and number of repeat prescriptions are factors that should be carefully considered by practitioners prescribing opioids to injured workers: progression to long-term use is common and not fully explained by injury severity.
The Impact of the Thai Motorcycle Transition on Road Traffic Injury: Thai Cohort Study Results
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 31-03-2015
Sources of coding discrepancies in injury morbidity data: Implications for injury surveillance
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.1080/17457300903308324
Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the sources of coding discrepancy for injury morbidity data and explore the implications of these sources for injury surveillance. An on-site medical record review and recoding study was conducted for 4373 injury-related hospital admissions across Australia. Codes from the original dataset were compared with the recoded data to explore the reliability of coded data and sources of discrepancy. The most common reason for differences in coding overall was assigning the case to a different external cause category with 9.5% assigned to a different category. Differences in the specificity of codes assigned within a category accounted for 7.8% of coder difference. Differences in intent assignment accounted for 3.7% of the differences in code assignment. In the situation where 8% of cases are misclassified by major category, the setting of injury targets on the basis of extent of burden is a somewhat blunt instrument. Monitoring the effect of prevention programs aimed at reducing risk factors is not possible in datasets with this level of misclassification error in injury cause subcategories. Future research is needed to build the evidence base around the quality and utility of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) classification system and the application of use of this for injury surveillance in the hospital environment.
Predictors of Sustained Return to Work After Work-Related Injury or Disease: Insights from Workers’ Compensation Claims Records
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-12-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S10926-011-9344-Y
Abstract: After work-related injury or disease, multiple spells of work absences and unsuccessful return to work (RTW) are common. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of sustained RTW and work disability recurrences. Australian WorkSafe Victoria claims containing income compensation payments starting between January 1st, 2001 and December 31st, 2004 (n = 59,526) were analysed over a 2-year observation window. Time until first RTW and final RTW, and 'recurrences' (cessations of payments of >7 days), were derived from claims payments data. Regression models were used relating demographic, occupational, workplace and injury characteristics to RTW outcomes. Although 94% of claimants had at least one RTW, only 79% achieved sustained RTW during follow-up. Median time until first RTW was 50 days median time until final RTW was 91 days. Independent predictors of delayed final RTW were older age, afflictions involving the neck or multiple locations, and working in manufacturing. Of those who returned to work, 37% had at least one recurrence: risk factors were ages 35-55, female sex, working as a labourer, working in manufacturing, traumatic joint/ligament or muscle/tendon injury and musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases, and afflictions involving the neck or multiple locations. Work disability recurrences are common and have considerable impact on sustained RTW outcomes. A policy focus on education about secondary prevention may help improve long-term RTW outcomes, particularly for persons with musculoskeletal disorders and those working in manufacturing.
Population based case-control study of serious non-fatal motorcycle crashes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-01-2013
Maternal pregravid body mass index and child hospital admissions in the first 5 years of life: results from an Australian birth cohort
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-07-2014
DOI: 10.1038/IJO.2014.148
Abstract: To examine the association of maternal pregravid body mass index (BMI) and child offspring, all-cause hospitalisations in the first 5 years of life. Prospective birth cohort study. From 2006 to 2011, 2779 pregnant women (2807 children) were enrolled in the Environments for Healthy Living: Griffith birth cohort study in South-East Queensland, Australia. Hospital delivery record and self-report baseline survey of maternal, household and demographic factors during pregnancy were linked to the Queensland Hospital Admitted Patients Data Collection from 1 November 2006 to 30 June 2012, for child admissions. Maternal pregravid BMI was classified as underweight (<18.5 kg m(-)(2)), normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg m(-)(2)), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg m(-)(2)) or obese (⩾30 kg m(-)(2)). Main outcomes were the total number of child hospital admissions and ICD-10-AM diagnostic groupings in the first 5 years of life. Negative binomial regression models were calculated, adjusting for follow-up duration, demographic and health factors. The cohort comprised 8397.9 person years (PYs) follow-up. Children of mothers who were classified as obese had an increased risk of all-cause hospital admissions in the first 5 years of life than the children of mothers with a normal BMI (adjusted rate ratio (RR) =1.48, 95% confidence interval 1.10-1.98). Conditions of the nervous system, infections, metabolic conditions, perinatal conditions, injuries and respiratory conditions were excessive, in both absolute and relative terms, for children of obese mothers, with RRs ranging from 1.3-4.0 (PYs adjusted). Children of mothers who were underweight were 1.8 times more likely to sustain an injury or poisoning than children of normal-weight mothers (PYs adjusted). RESULTS suggest that if the intergenerational impact of maternal obesity (and similarly issues related to underweight) could be addressed, a significant reduction in child health care use, costs and public health burden would be likely.
Population health and clinical data linkage: the importance of a population registry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2007
DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.2007.00118.X
Abstract: The Australian National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy supports development of a national research capability in population health and clinical data linkage. This paper illustrates the importance of incorporating a population registry within such a system using an ex le provided by the Manitoba Injury Outcome Study (MIOS) that quantified the long-term burden of mortality attributable to injury in working-age adults. MIOS is a population-based matched cohort study that used administrative health data from Manitoba, Canada. An inception cohort of injured cases (ICD-9-CM 800-995) aged 18-64 years was identified from all Manitoba hospital admissions between 1988 and 1991. A matched non-injured comparison group was randomly selected from the total provincial population using the Manitoba Population Registry. Mortality outcomes were obtained by linking the two cohorts with the deaths data over 10 years. Mortality rate ratios (MRRs) were calculated to compare the injured and non-injured cohorts. A total of 21,032 matched pairs were identified. Using the population registry, the 10-year adjusted all-cause MRR comparing injured and non-injured cohort was 1.80 (95% CI 1.65-1.98). Without the registry, the unadjusted standardised morality ratio was 2.76 (95% CI 2.52-3.02). The effect of injury on mortality outcomes was over-estimated using only the injured cases, without use of the population registry. Use of the population registry enabled the selection of a matched non-injured group for comparison purposes, ensured comprehensive follow-up of almost all participants, and provided more accurate estimates of exposure time, incidence of mortality and relative risk.
Using the abstraction hierarchy to identify how the purpose and structure of road transport systems contributes to road trauma
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Predictors of injury mortality: findings from a large national cohort in Thailand
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 05-06-2014
Simulating the dynamic effect of land use and transport policies on the health of populations
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Date: 04-2015
Abstract: Objectives. We identified the features of a land use–transportation system that optimizes the health and well-being of the population. Methods. We developed a quantitative system dynamics model to represent relationships among land use, transport, economic development, and population health. Simulation experiments were conducted over a 10-year simulation period to compare the effect of different baseline conditions and land use–transport policies on the number of motor vehicle crash deaths and disability-adjusted life years lost. Results. Optimal reduction in the public health burden attributable to land transport was demonstrated when transport safety risk reduction policies were combined with land use and transport polices that minimized reliance on in idual motorized transport and maximized use of active transport modes. The model’s results were particularly sensitive to the level of development that characterized each city at the start of the simulation period. Conclusions. Local, national, and international decision-makers are encouraged to address transport, land use, and health as an integrated whole to achieve the desired societal benefits of traffic safety, population health, and social equity.
The development of national injury prevention policy in the Australian health sector: and the unmet challenges of participation and implementation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-10-2006
Injury severity: Role of alcohol, substance use and risk‐taking
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2006
DOI: 10.1111/J.1742-6723.2006.00817.X
Abstract: The objective of the present study was to quantify the relationship between acute alcohol consumption and injury severity. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Gold Coast Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia between October 2000 and October 2001. Data were collected from a systematic s le of patients greater than 15 years of age who presented to the ED for treatment of an injury sustained less than 24 h prior to presentation. Study participants were interviewed face to face on-site. Information obtained included: demographics details situational variables relative to time of injury (i.e. location, activity and companions at time of injury) self-reported alcohol consumption in the 6 and 24 h prior to time of injury usual alcohol consumption patterns self-reported substance use in the 6 and 24 h prior to time of injury and risk-taking behaviour. Injury severity was coded from patient medical records using the New Injury Severity Score. Of 789 eligible patients presenting during the study periods, 593 were interviewed (75.2%). Patients who reported drinking above low-risk levels (odds ratio [OR] = 3.35 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-9.6) or who drank beer (OR = 3.54 95% CI 1.1-11.1) in 6 h prior to injury were significantly more likely to sustain serious than minor injury. Drinking setting and usual drinking patterns were not significantly associated with injury severity, either in crude analyses, or after adjusting for relevant variables. The results of the present study support the conclusion that among injured patients who presented for treatment at a large metropolitan ED, although acute alcohol consumption does not appear to be associated with minor or moderate injury, there is some evidence to suggest that acute alcohol consumption is associated with serious injury.
Socioeconomic disparities in prepregnancy BMI and impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes and postpartum weight retention: The EFHL longitudinal birth cohort study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-09-2014
Right care, right time, right place: Improving outcomes for people with spinal cord injury through early access to intervention and improved access to specialised care: Study protocol
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2014
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACUTE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND CONSEQUENT INJURY TYPE
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 25-04-2005
Abstract: The aim of this study was to quantify the relationship between acute alcohol consumption and injury type (nature of injury, body region injured), while adjusting for the effect of known confounders (i.e. demographic and situational variables, usual drinking patterns, substance use and risk-taking behaviour). A cross-sectional study was conducted between October, 2000 and October, 2001 of patients aged >or=15 years presenting to a Queensland Emergency Department for treatment of an injury sustained in the preceding 24 h. There were three measures of acute alcohol consumption: drinking setting, quantity, and beverage type consumed in the 6 h prior to injury. Two variables were used to quantify injury type: nature of injury (fracture/dislocation, superficial, internal, and CNS injury) and body part injured (head/neck, facial, chest, abdominal, external, and extremities). Both were derived from patient medical records. Five hundred and ninety three patients were interviewed. Logistic regression analyses indicated that, after controlling for relevant confounding variables, there was no significant association between any of the three measures of acute alcohol consumption and injury type. The effects of acute alcohol consumption are not specific to injury type. Interventions aimed at reducing the incidence of alcohol-related injury should not be targeted at specific injury types.
Non-fatal injury in Thailand from 2005 to 2013: Incidence trends and links to alcohol consumption patterns in the Thai Cohort Study
Publisher: Japan Epidemiological Association
Date: 2016
Patterns of health care use of injured adults: A population-based matched cohort study.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.INJURY.2017.04.014
Abstract: Healthcare use by traumatically injured in iduals prior to and subsequent to their injury are not often explored for different types of injuries. This study aims to describe health care use 12 months preceding and 12 months following a traumatic injury by injury type and injury severity. Hospital and mortality data from three Australian states were linked in a population-based matched cohort study. In iduals ≥18 years who had an injury-related hospital admission in 2009 were identified as the injured cohort. A comparison cohort of non-injured people, matched 1:1 on age, gender and postcode of residence, was randomly selected from the electoral roll. Twelve-month pre- and post-index injury health service use was examined. Rates, adjusted rate ratios and attributable risk proportions were calculated by injury type and severity. The injury cohort experienced higher 12-month pre- and post-injury hospital admissions than the non-injured group. By 6 to 7 months post-injury, the injury cohort had largely returned to their pre-injury health service use levels, except for injuries involving dislocations, sprains and strains and injury to nerves and spinal cord. Hip fracture (17.69 per 100 person-months) and poisoning (16.09 per 100 person-months) had the highest rates of post-injury hospitalisation in the injured cohort. The adjusted rate ratios (ARR) for post-injury hospitalisation were highest for poisoning (ARR: 3.77 95% CI: 3.38-4.21) and injury to nerves and spinal cord (ARR: 2.73 95% CI: 2.27-3.28). Poisoning also had the highest ARR for post-injury LOS (ARR: 5.31 95% CI: 4.51-6.27). After sustaining a traumatic injury, many in iduals are readmitted to hospital and require ongoing care up to 12 months post-injury. That injured in iduals post-injury largely return to their pre-index injury hospital use by 6 to 7 months could imply a return to pre-injury function and/or that other measures of health service use should be explored. Trauma services should consider long-term follow-up and support services for seriously injured patients post-hospital discharge.
Standardising trauma monitoring: the development of a minimum dataset for trauma registries in Australia and New Zealand.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.INJURY.2012.11.022
Abstract: Trauma registries are central to the implementation of effective trauma systems. However, differences between trauma registry datasets make comparisons between trauma systems difficult. In 2005, the collaborative Australian and New Zealand National Trauma Registry Consortium began a process to develop a bi-national minimum dataset (BMDS) for use in Australasian trauma registries. This study aims to describe the steps taken in the development and preliminary evaluation of the BMDS. A working party comprising sixteen representatives from across Australasia identified and discussed the collectability and utility of potential BMDS fields. This included evaluating existing national and international trauma registry datasets, as well as reviewing all quality indicators and audit filters in use in Australasian trauma centres. After the working party activities concluded, this process was continued by a number of interested in iduals, with broader feedback sought from the Australasian trauma community on a number of occasions. Once the BMDS had reached a suitable stage of development, an email survey was conducted across Australasian trauma centres to assess whether BMDS fields met an ideal minimum standard of field collectability. The BMDS was also compared with three prominent international datasets to assess the extent of dataset overlap. Following this, the BMDS was encapsulated in a data dictionary, which was introduced in late 2010. The finalised BMDS contained 67 data fields. Forty-seven of these fields met a previously published criterion of 80% collectability across respondent trauma institutions the majority of the remaining fields either could be collected without any change in resources, or could be calculated from other data fields in the BMDS. However, comparability with international registry datasets was poor. Only nine BMDS fields had corresponding, directly comparable fields in all the national and international-level registry datasets evaluated. A draft BMDS has been developed for use in trauma registries across Australia and New Zealand. The email survey provided strong indications of the utility of the fields contained in the BMDS. The BMDS has been adopted as the dataset to be used by an ongoing Australian Trauma Quality Improvement Program.
Distribution of transport injury and related risk behaviours in a large national cohort of Thai adults
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
Determinants of Physical Therapy Use by Compensated Workers with Musculoskeletal Disorders
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-08-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S10926-012-9382-0
Abstract: The study aim was to quantify physiotherapy service distribution among compensated workers with musculoskeletal disorders, and identify risk factors for under- and overuse. Andersen and Newman's model of service use determinants was adapted for a compensated population, to provide a conceptual basis for the analyses. WorkSafe Victoria (Australia) workers' compensation claims were analysed retrospectively. Workers with musculoskeletal disorders resulting in at least 10 days off work were included if their claim commenced between 1-1-2001 and 1-1-2005 (n = 36,995). Physiotherapy use over 4 years of follow-up was determined from service payment data. Regression models were used relating in idual level predictors, regional physiotherapist supply and the role of in idual physiotherapists to service use. Physiotherapy was used by 26,026 (70 %) workers. Young age, male gender, working as a labourer, disorders of the joints, and not being hospitalised were associated with non-use. Use above the 90th percentile (>125 sessions over 4 years) was considered 'high use': high users accounted for 41 % of all use. Age 50-60, female gender, working as tradespersons, and substantial hospital costs were associated with high use. For workers living in the most disadvantaged areas, use was positively associated with supply. Negative binomial modelling of the role of physiotherapists indicated that service providers were associated with the number of sessions used. Physiotherapy services were not underused, but a small group of patients had very high use. Recommendations to limit overuse should be aimed at physiotherapists, and these could include effective monitoring of adherence to proposed treatment plans.
Long-term air pollution exposure and self-reported morbidity: A longitudinal analysis from the Thai cohort study (TCS)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Road transport in drift? Applying contemporary systems thinking to road safety
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
Bio-psychosocial determinants of time lost from work following non life threatening acute orthopaedic trauma
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-01-2010
Short sleep and obesity in a large national cohort of Thai adults
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 2012
Childhood obesity: how do Australian general practitioners feel about managing this growing health problem?
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/PY10041
Abstract: General practitioners (GPs) are ideally placed to identify and treat childhood obesity, but its prevalence continues to rise and evidence for effective GP interventions is lacking. Further analysis of the barriers to effective identification and management of childhood obesity is warranted. This survey aimed to explore how Queensland GPs feel about managing the growing problem of childhood obesity. A cross-sectional survey was sent to a random s le of 573 Queensland GPs about perceptions of diagnosis and management of childhood obesity. A total of 30% of GPs responded (n = 170). The main perceived obstacles to identification of childhood obesity were uncertainty about definition criteria and how to calculate body mass index, and lack of access to body mass index percentile charts. The main perceived obstacles in managing childhood obesity were lack of financial incentive, time constraints, lack of health system support and parental resistance. Only 22% of respondents indicated awareness of the National Health and Medical Research Council guidelines for management of obese children and 92% had never used any formal clinical guidelines in assessment or management of childhood obesity. Addressing these barriers to identification of childhood obesity by GPs may facilitate more effective management. Strategies include greater emphasis on this issue in general practice training, financial incentives for diagnosis and management, incorporating clinical management guidelines into medical software, and increasing allied and community health support.
Individual and community factors for railway suicide: a matched case–control study in Victoria, Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-03-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00127-016-1212-9
Abstract: This study aims to simultaneously examine in idual- and community-level factors associated with railway suicide. We performed a case-control study in Victoria, Australia between 2001 and 2012. Data on cases of railway suicide were obtained from the National Coronial Information System (a database of coronial investigations). Controls were living in iduals randomly selected from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia study, matching to cases on age groups, sex and year of exposures. A conditional logistic regression model was used to assess the in idual-level and community-level influences on in idual odds of railway suicide, controlling for socioeconomic status. In idual-level diagnosed mental illness increased railway suicide odds by six times [95 % confidence interval (CI) 4.5, 9.2]. Community-level factors such as living in an area with a presence of railway tracks [odds ratio (OR) 1.8, 95 % CI 1.2, 2.8], within a city (OR 3.2, 95 % CI 1.9, 5.4), and with a higher overall suicide rate (OR 1.02, 95 % CI 1.01, 1.04) were independently associated with greater in idual odds of railway suicide compared to living in an area without a presence of railway tracks, outside a city, and with a relatively lower overall suicide rate. The effects of mental illness and high incidence of overall suicides are prominent, but not specific on railway suicide. The effects of presence of railway tracks and city residence suggest the importance of accessibility to the railways for in idual risk of railway suicide. Prevention efforts should focus on vulnerable people live in areas with easy access to the railways.
Assessing the ‘system’ in safe systems-based road designs: Using cognitive work analysis to evaluate intersection designs
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2013.10.002
Abstract: While a safe systems approach has long been acknowledged as the underlying philosophy of contemporary road safety strategies, systemic applications are sparse. This article argues that systems-based methods from the discipline of Ergonomics have a key role to play in road transport design and evaluation. To demonstrate, the Cognitive Work Analysis framework was used to evaluate two road designs - a traditional Melbourne intersection and a cut-through design for future intersections based on road safety safe systems principles. The results demonstrate that, although the cut-through intersection appears different in layout from the traditional intersection, system constraints are not markedly different. Furthermore, the analyses demonstrated that redistribution of constraints in the cut-through intersection resulted in emergent behaviour, which was not anticipated and could prove problematic. Further, based on the lack of understanding of emergent behaviour, similar design induced problems are apparent across both intersections. Specifically, incompatibilities between infrastructure, vehicles and different road users were not dealt with by the proposed design changes. The importance of applying systems methods in the design and evaluation of road transport systems is discussed.
Simulating the behaviour of complex systems: computational modelling in ergonomics
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-07-0031
The socio-environmental determinants of railway suicide: a systematic review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-01-2014
Work-related road traffic injury
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 29-01-2014
Use of ecological study designs for injury prevention
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 02-2005
The Effect of Injuries on Health Measured by Short Form 8 among a Large Cohort of Thai Adults
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 13-02-2014
Acute alcohol consumption and mechanism of injury
Publisher: Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.
Date: 2006
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether injury mechanism among injured patients is differentially distributed as a function of acute alcohol consumption (quantity, type, and drinking setting). A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2000 and October 2001 in the Gold Coast Hospital Emergency Department, Queensland, Australia. Data were collected quarterly over a 12-month period. Every injured patient who presented to the emergency department during the study period for treatment of an injury sustained less than 24 hours prior to presentation was approached for interview. The final s le comprised 593 injured patients (males=377). Three measures of alcohol consumption in the 6 hours prior to injury were obtained from self-report: quantity, beverage type, and drinking setting. The main outcome measure was mechanism of injury, which was categorized into six groups: road traffic crash (RTC), being hit by or against something, fall, cut iercing, overdose oisoning, and miscellaneous. Injury intent was also measured (intentional vs. unintentional). After controlling for relevant confounding variables, neither quantity nor type of alcohol was significantly associated with injury mechanism. However, drinking setting (i.e., licensed premise) was significantly associated with increased odds of sustaining an intentional versus unintentional injury (odds ratio [OR] = 2.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-5.6) injury through being hit by/against something versus other injury types (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.4-4.9) and reduced odds of sustaining an injury through RTC versus non-RTC (OR = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.004-0.9), compared with not drinking alcohol prior to injury. No previous analytical studies have examined the relationship between injury mechanism and acute alcohol consumption (quantity, type, and setting) across all types of injury and all injury severities while controlling for potentially important confounders (demographic and situational confounders, risk-taking behavior, substance use, and usual drinking patterns). These data suggest that among injured patients, mechanism of injury is not differentially distributed as a function of quantity or type of acute alcohol consumption but may be differentially distributed as a function of drinking setting (i.e., RTC, intentional injury, being hit). Therefore, prevention strategies that focus primarily on the quantity and type of alcohol consumed should be directed generically across injury mechanisms and not limited to particular cause of injury c aigns.
Bad behaviour or societal failure? Perceptions of the factors contributing to drivers' engagement in the fatal five driving behaviours
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2018.08.008
Abstract: The so-called 'fatal five' behaviours (drink and drug driving, distraction and inattention, speeding, fatigue, and failure to wear a seat belt) are known to be the major behavioural contributory factors to road trauma. However, little is known about the factors that lead to drivers engaging in each behaviour. This article presents the findings from a study which collected and analysed data on the factors that lead to drivers engaging in each behaviour. The study involved a survey of drivers' perceptions of the causes of each behaviour and a subject matter expert workshop to gain the views of road safety experts. The results were mapped onto a systems ergonomics model of the road transport system in Queensland, Australia, to show where in the system the factors reside. In addition to well-known factors relating to drivers' knowledge, experience and personality, additional factors at the higher levels of the road transport system related to road safety policy, transport system design, road rules and regulations, and societal issues were identified. It is concluded that the fatal five behaviours have a web of interacting contributory factors underpinning them and are systems problems rather than driver-centric problems. The implications for road safety interventions are discussed.
A systematic review of early prognostic factors for return to work following acute orthopaedic trauma
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.INJURY.2010.04.005
Abstract: Acute orthopaedic trauma is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. This study aims to synthesise and summarise current knowledge concerning prognostic factors for return to work and duration of work disability following acute orthopaedic trauma. A systematic review of prognostic studies was performed. The Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL and AMED electronic databases were searched for studies between 1985 and May 2009. Included studies were longitudinal, reported results with multivariate statistical analyses appropriate to prognostic studies, comprised persons employed at the time of the injury, included prognostic factors measured proximal to the injury and focused on upper and lower extremity injuries. Searches yielded 980 studies of which 15 met the inclusion criteria and were rated for methodological quality. Analysis focused on the 14 factors considered in more than one study. There was limited evidence for the role of any factor as a predictor of return to work. There is strong evidence for level of education and blue collar work and moderate evidence for self-efficacy, injury severity and compensation as prognostic factors for the duration of work disability. Significant methodological issues were encountered in the course of the review that limited interpretation of the evidence and the conclusions that could be drawn from the findings. People who have sustained acute orthopaedic trauma regardless of severity experience difficulties in returning to work. Due to the lack of factors considered in more than one cohort, the results of this review are inconclusive. The review highlights the need for more prospective studies that are methodologically rigorous, have larger s le sizes and considers a comprehensive range of factors.
Gender differences in occupational injury incidence
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-01-2015
DOI: 10.1002/AJIM.22414
Abstract: To describe the frequency and distribution of workplace injury claims by gender, and quantify the extent to which observed gender differences in injury claim rates are attributable to differential exposure to work-related factors. WorkSafe Victoria (Australia) workers' compensation data (254,704 claims with affliction onset 2004-2011) were analysed. Claim rates were calculated by combining compensation data with state-wide employment data. Mental disorder claim rates were 1.9 times higher among women physical injury claim rates were 1.4 times higher among men. Adjusting for occupational group reversed the gender difference in musculoskeletal and tendon injury claim rates, i.e., these were more common in women than men after adjusting for occupational exposure. Men had higher rates of physical injury claims than women, but this was mostly attributable to occupational factors. Women had higher rates of mental disorder claims than men this was not fully explained by industry or occupation.
Alcohol consumption patterns in Thailand and their relationship with non-communicable disease
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2015
Indicators of injury burden: Which types are the most important?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2005
DOI: 10.1080/17457300500172891
Abstract: Injury indicators are used for monitoring the impact of injury prevention initiatives on the population burden of injury. The object of the present study was to identify the types of injury responsible for the major component of the population health burden of injury in a large cohort in Manitoba, Canada. Injury cases (ICD-9-CM 800-995) aged 18-64 years were identified from all Manitoba hospital data between 1988 and 1991. Morbidity data were obtained from hospital discharge abstracts 12 months prior to date of injury and for 12 months post-injury. Outcomes for in iduals were calculated as the difference pre- and post-injury in hospital inpatient days. Death outcomes in the 12 months post-injury were obtained by linking the cohort with the population registry. Summed outcomes across the population were stratified into injury types based on the International Code of Diseases (ICD) code of the index injury. Outcomes were also stratified by injury severity score categories where the injury severity score was obtained using ICDMAP-90. When ranked by contribution to the cohort's cumulative hospital inpatient days in the 12 months post-injury, the six most common ICD subchapter groups accounted for 65% of the total inpatient days. These six injury types also accounted for 62% of the total number of deaths in this cohort in 12 months after injury. The suggested injury types to use as indicators of burden include fracture of the lower limb, fracture of the head and neck, poisonings, intracranial injury, fracture of the upper limb, and fracture of skull.
What are they doing: testing a structured cognitive work analysis-based approach for identifying different road user strategies
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-2012
Abstract: Cognitive Work Analysis has been widely applied within Human Factors to develop and evaluate complex sociotechnical systems. To date, however research has focused primarily on the first two phases of the framework – Work Domain Analysis and Control Task Analysis. Recently, a new approach, the Strategies Analysis Diagram, has been proposed as a structured approach to the third phase - Strategies Analysis. This paper evaluates the Strategies Analysis Diagram with a complex sociotechnical system, road transport. The results suggest the Strategies Analysis Diagram is capable of describing the range of potential strategies employed when different road users (e.g. drivers, motorcycle riders, cyclists and pedestrians) execute a right hand turn at an intersection. The strategies identified provide what appears to be a comprehensive overview of those employed by different road users. The analysis also identified differences in strategies for a particular function as well as differences in strategies between road user groups.
Risk factors for injury in a national cohort of 87,134 Thai adults
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
Ten-year health service use outcomes in a population-based cohort of 21 000 injured adults: the Manitoba Injury Outcome Study
Publisher: WHO Press
Date: 10-2006
Abstract: To quantify long-term health service use (HSU) following non-fatal injury in adults. A retrospective, population-based, matched cohort study identified an inception cohort (1988-91) of injured people who had been hospitalized (ICD-9-CM 800-995) aged 18-64 years (n = 21 032) and a matched non-injured comparison group (n = 21 032) from linked administrative data from Manitoba, Canada. HSU data (on hospitalizations, cumulative length of stay, physician claims and placements in extended care services) were obtained for the 12 months before and 10 years after the injury. Negative binomial and Poisson regressions were used to quantify associations between injury and long-term HSU. Statistically significant differences in the rates of HSU existed between the injured and non-injured cohorts for the pre-injury year and every year of the follow-up period. After controlling for pre-injury HSU, the attributable risk percentage indicated that 38.7% of all post-injury hospitalizations (n = 25 183), 68.9% of all years spent in hospital (n = 1031), 21.9% of physician claims (n = 269 318) and 77.1% of the care home placements (n = 189) in the injured cohort could be attributed to being injured. Many people who survive the initial period following injury, face long periods of inpatient care (and frequent readmissions), high levels of contact with physicians and an increased risk of premature placement in institutional care. Population estimates of the burden of injury could be refined by including long-term non-fatal health consequences and controlling for the effect of pre-injury comorbidity.
Reporting of lifetime fractures: Methodological considerations and results from the Thai Cohort Study
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 2012
The population approach to falls injury prevention in older people: Findings of a two community trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-02-2010
Trends in the leading causes of injury mortality, Australia, Canada and the United States, 2000–2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2017
Abstract: The aim of this study was to highlight the differences in injury rates between populations through a descriptive epidemiological study of population-level trends in injury mortality for the high-income countries of Australia, Canada and the United States. Mortality data were available for the US from 2000 to 2014, and for Canada and Australia from 2000 to 2012. Injury causes were defined using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision external cause codes, and were grouped into major causes. Rates were direct-method age-adjusted using the US 2000 projected population as the standard age distribution. US motor vehicle injury mortality rates declined from 2000 to 2014 but remained markedly higher than those of Australia or Canada. In all three countries, fall injury mortality rates increased from 2000 to 2014. US homicide mortality rates declined, but remained higher than those of Australia and Canada. While the US had the lowest suicide rate in 2000, it increased by 24% during 2000-2014, and by 2012 was about 14% higher than that in Australia and Canada. The poisoning mortality rate in the US increased dramatically from 2000 to 2014. Results show marked differences and striking similarities in injury mortality between the countries and within countries over time. The observed trends differed by injury cause category. The substantial differences in injury rates between similarly resourced populations raises important questions about the role of societal-level factors as underlying causes of the differential distribution of injury in our communities.
Long-term mortality following injury in working-age adults: a systematic review
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2007
DOI: 10.1080/17457300600890103
Abstract: Priorities for prevention activities and planning for services depend on comprehensive knowledge of the distribution of the injury-related burden in the community. The aim of this systematic review was to quantify the effect of being injured, compared with not being injured, on long-term mortality in working age adults. Cohort studies were selected that were population-based, measured mortality post-discharge from inpatient treatment, included a non-injured comparison group and related to working-age adults. Data synthesis was in tabular and text form with a meta-analysis not being possible because of the heterogeneity between studies. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies found an overall positive association between injury and increased mortality. While the greatest excess mortality was evident during the initial period post-injury, increased mortality was shown in some studies to persist for up to 40 years after injury. Due to the limited number of injury types studied and heterogeneity between studies, there is insufficient published evidence on which to calculate population estimates of long-term mortality, where injury is a component cause. The review does suggest there is considerable excess mortality following injury that is not accounted for in current methods of quantifying injury burden, and is not used to assess quality and effectiveness of trauma care.
Socio‐economic distribution of environmental risk factors for childhood injury
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2006
DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-842X.2006.TB00778.X
Abstract: Childhood injury remains the single most important cause of mortality in children aged between 1-14 years in many countries. It has been proposed that lower socio-economic status (SES) and poorer housing contribute to potential hazards in the home environment. This study sought to establish whether the prevalence of observed hazards in and around the home was differentially distributed by SES, in order to identify opportunities for injury prevention. This study was a cross-sectional, random s le survey of primary school children from 32 schools in Brisbane. Interviews and house audits were conducted between July 2000 and April 2003 to collect information on SES (income, employment and education) and previously identified household hazards. There was evidence of a relationship between prevalence of household environmental hazards and household SES however, the magnitude and direction of this relationship appeared to be hazard-specific. Household income was related to play equipment characteristics, with higher SES groups being more likely to be exposed to risk. All three SES indicators were associated with differences in the home safety characteristics, with the lower SES groups more likely to be exposed to risk. The differential distribution of environmental risk factors by SES of household may help explain the SES differential in the burden of injury and provides opportunities for focusing efforts to address the problem.
An investigation of neighborhood-level social, economic and physical factors for railway suicide in Victoria, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Determinants of return to work following non-life-threatening acute orthopaedic trauma: A prospective cohort study
Publisher: Medical Journals Sweden AB
Date: 2010
Abstract: To determine factors associated with return to work following acute non-life-threatening orthopaedic trauma. Prospective cohort study. One hundred and sixty-eight participants were recruited and followed for 6 months. The study achieved 89% participant follow-up. Baseline data were obtained by survey and medical record review. Participants were further surveyed at 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months post-injury. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between potential predictors and first return to work by these 3 time-points. Sixty-eight percent of participants returned to work within 6 months. Those who sustained isolated upper extremity injuries were more likely to return to work early. Significant positive determinants of return to work included a strong belief in recovery, the presence of an isolated injury, education to university level and self-employment. Determinants associated with non-return to work included the receipt of compensation, older age, pain attitudes and blue-collar work. The primary reason given for return to work was financial security. Demographic, injury, occupation and psychosocial factors were significant predictors of return to work. The relative importance of factors at different time-points suggests that return to work is a multifactorial process that involves the complex interaction of many factors in a time-dependent manner.
Computational modelling and systems ergonomics: a system dynamics model of drink driving-related trauma prevention
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-04-2020
Risk of injury from acute alcohol consumption and the influence of confounders
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-07-2004
Validating the Functional Capacity Index: A Comparison of Predicted versus Observed Total Body Scores
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-2005
DOI: 10.1097/01.TA.0000154283.88208.9C
Abstract: The Functional Capacity Index (FCI) was designed to predict physical function 12 months after injury. We report a validation study of the FCI. This was a consecutive case series registered in the Queensland Trauma Registry who consented to the prospective 12-month telephone-administered follow-up study. FCI scores measured at 12 months were compared with those originally predicted. Complete Abbreviated Injury Scale score information was available for 617 in iduals, of whom 587 (95%) could be assigned at least one FCI score (range, 1-17). Agreement between the largest predicted FCI and observed FCI score was poor (kappa = 0.05 95% confidence interval, 0.00-0.10) and explained only 1% of the variability in observed FCI. Using an encompassing model that included all FCI assignments, agreement remained poor (kappa = 0.05 95% confidence interval, -0.02-0.12), and the model explained only 9% of the variability in observed FCI. The predicted functional capacity poorly agrees with actual functional outcomes. Further research should consider including other (noninjury) explanatory factors in predicting FCI at 12 months.
Globalisation and suicide: An empirical investigation in 35 countries over the period 1980-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2011.03.002
Abstract: Globalisation is mediated through a variety of flows including persons, information and ideas, capital, and goods. The process is increasingly recognised as a potential mediator of changes in attitudes and habits around the globe. This research investigated the relationship between globalisation and suicide rates in 35 countries over the period 1980-2006. The association between a globalisation "index" and suicide rates was tested using a fixed-effects regression model. The model also tested the influence of eleven other socio-economic variables on male and female suicide rates. Overall, high levels of the globalisation index were associated with higher male and female suicide rates however, the significance of this association dropped when assessed alongside other social and economic variables. While the nature of these findings should be regarded as exploratory, this paper highlights the need for researchers to consider the influence of world-changing phenomena like globalisation on suicide, which might deeply upset the traditional structure of societies with mixed types of impact.
The injury List Of All Deficits (LOAD) Framework – conceptualising the full range of deficits and adverse outcomes following injury and violence
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2010
DOI: 10.1080/17457300903453104
Abstract: Over recent years, there has been increasing recognition that the burden of injuries and violence includes more than just the direct and indirect monetary costs associated with their medical outcomes. However, quantification of the total burden has been seriously h ered by lack of a framework for considering the range of outcomes which comprise the burden, poor identification of the outcomes and their imprecise measurement. This article proposes a new conceptual framework, the List of All Deficits (or LOAD) Framework, that has been developed from extensive expert discussion and consensus meetings to facilitate the measurement of the full burden of injuries and violence. The LOAD Framework recognises the multidimensional nature of injury burden across in idual, family and societal domains. This classification of potential consequences of injury was built on the International Classification of Functioning concept of disability. Ex les of empirical support for each consequence were obtained from the scientific literature. Determining the multidimensional injury burden requires the assessment and combination of 20 domains of potential consequences. The resulting LOAD Framework classification and concept diagram describes 12 groups of injury consequences for in iduals, three for family and close friends and five for wider society. Understanding the extent of the negative implications (or deficits) of injury, through application of the LOAD Framework, is needed to put existing burden of injury studies into context and to highlight the inter-relationship between the direct and indirect burden of injury relative to other conditions.
Advances in Human Aspects of Road and Rail Transportation
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 17-07-2012
DOI: 10.1201/B12320
Cohort Profile: The Nurses and Midwives e-Cohort Study--A Novel Electronic Longitudinal Study
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 17-01-2008
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYM294
Timing of urbanisation and cardiovascular risks in thailand: Evidence from 51 936 members of the thai cohort study, 2005-2009
Publisher: Japan Epidemiological Association
Date: 2014
Socio-economic determinants of suicide: an ecological analysis of 35 countries
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-11-2010
DOI: 10.1007/S00127-010-0316-X
Abstract: A long tradition of research has shown a relationship between suicide rates and socio-economic factors. However, most investigations have neglected to account for country-specific influences. The purpose of this study was to clarify the association between socio-economic variables and gender-specific suicide rates in 35 countries, using analytic techniques able to control for effects embedded within different country contexts. Data relating to male and female age-standardised suicide rates (obtained from the WHO Statistical Information System) were analysed using fixed-effect regression. The possible associations between suicide rates and social variables were tested using data for 35 countries over the period 1980-2006. Findings indicated that higher male and female suicide rates were associated with increased female labour force participation, unemployment, and the proportion of persons over 65 years. Reductions in male and female suicide rates were associated with increased health spending per capita. The study also revealed that higher fertility was associated with a reduction in male suicide. Female labour force participation had a stronger effect on male suicide rates. The results of this study suggest that variables related to the labour market and the economy were better explanatory factors of suicide rates than population-level indicators of interpersonal relationships. Although results were generally similar for males and females, males appeared to be more sensitive to changes in the social environment than women.
Injury talk: spontaneous parent–child conversations in the aftermath of a potentially traumatic event
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 13-10-2017
Globalization and Suicide: An Ecological Study Across Five Regions of the World
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2012
DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2012.695272
Abstract: The impact of globalization on health is recognized to be influenced by country and regional-level factors. This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between globalization and suicide in five world regions. An index measure of globalization was developed at the country level over 1980 to 2006. The association between the index and sex specific suicide rates was tested using a fixed-effect regression model. Over time, the globalization index seemed to be associated with increased suicide rates in Asia and the Eastern European/Baltic region. In contrast, it was associated with decreased rates in Scandinavia. There was no significant relationship between globalization and suicide in Southern and Western Europe. The effects of globalization could be determined by specific regional (i.e., cultural and societal) factors. Identification of these mediators might provide opportunities to protect countries from the adverse impacts of globalization.
If you can't beat them, join them: Using road transport methods to communicate ergonomics methods' outcomes to aid road design
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 19-09-2016
Long term health outcomes after injury in working age adults: a systematic review
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-2006
Information interventions for recovery following vehicle-related trauma to persons of working age: A systematic review of the literature
Publisher: Medical Journals Sweden AB
Date: 2012
Abstract: Given the burden associated with vehicle-related trauma, there is interest in time and cost effective methods of providing information to assist recovery. This systematic review aims to address the question: "Do targeted early information interventions improve outcomes following vehicle--related injuries for persons of working age?" Ovid Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO and Cochrane databases were searched for studies published between 1990-April 2011. Included studies were randomized or pseudo--randomized controlled trials of information interventions delivered to working age persons following vehicle-related injuries. Two reviewers independently selected and appraised the studies. Sixteen publications (13 primary studies) met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for bias. Hetero-geneity in terms of the information interventions and measured outcomes was encountered. In 4 of the included studies, the intervention was positively associated with at least one outcome reported. Methodological issues limited the conclusions that could be drawn. Following vehicle-related trauma, people often experience difficulties in ongoing functioning. The current evidence neither supports nor fails to support the effectiveness of information interventions in promoting injury recovery. There is a need for larger more methodologically and conceptually rigorous randomized controlled trials that better consider the type and timing of the intervention.
Fatal injuries among motorcyclists in Klang Valley, Malaysia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JFLM.2014.06.007
Abstract: Motorcycle fatalities constitute the majority of road traffic deaths in Malaysia. The aims of this study were to describe the pattern of fatal injuries among Klang Valley fatal motorcyclists and to describe the factors associated with fatal (vs non-fatal) injuries. A cross-sectional analysis was performed on data from a case series of injured (fatal and non-fatal) motorcyclists recruited from Klang Valley between 14th March 2010 and 13th March 2011. Fatal cases in the cases series were identified from the Police files. Non-fatal cases were recruited from five major hospitals in the study region. Information used in the analyses were obtained from Police crash reports, hospital medical records, and Coroner's records of the participant s le. Of the 177 fatal cases, 142 (80.2%) were categorised as instantaneous death while 35 (19.8%) cases were categorised as experiencing delayed death. Thirty two percent of the cases had a Maximum Abbreviated Injury Score (MAIS) of 5 with head injury being the most common cause of death. Significant predictors of fatal (vs non-fatal) injury included ethnic groups, monthly income, alcohol and drug use and road type. Alcohol and drug use was shown to be the strongest predictor with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 14.77 (95% CI 3.32-65.65). Factors related to the motorcyclists, road user behaviour and the road environment as well as pre-hospitalisation emergency care must be addressed efficiently in low and middle income countries to reduce the number and severity of motorcycle-related injuries.
Land use, transport, and population health: estimating the health benefits of compact cities
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Data linkage capabilities in Australia: practical issues identified by a Population Health Research Network ‘Proof of Concept project’
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Abstract: To describe the practical issues that need to be overcome to conduct national data linkage projects in Australia and propose recommendations to improve efficiency. Review of the processes, documentation and applications required to conduct national data linkage in Australia. The establishment of state and national data linkage centres in Australia has placed Australia at the forefront of research linking health-related administrative data collections. However, improvements are needed to reduce the clerical burden on researchers, simplify the process of obtaining ethics approval, improve data accessibility, and thus improve the efficiency of data linkage research. While a sound state and national data linkage infrastructure is in place, the current complexity, duplication and lack of cohesion undermines any attempts to conduct research involving national record linkage in a timely manner. Data linkage applications and Human Research Ethics Committee approval processes need to be streamlined and duplication removed, in order to reduce the administrative and financial burden on researchers if national data linkage research is to be viable.
Societal determinants of violent death: The extent to which social, economic, and structural characteristics explain differences in violence across Australia, Canada, and the United States
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Reduction in health service use for whiplash injury after motor vehicle accidents in 2000–2009: Results from a defined population
Publisher: Medical Journals Sweden AB
Date: 2013
Abstract: To establish trends in whiplash-related health service use and cost in Victoria, Australia. Administrative data analysis. Whiplash patients claiming Transport Accident Commission (TAC) compensation for accidents dating between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2009 (n = 51,263). Injury-related health service use during one year following the accident was determined from claim payment records. The incidence of whiplash claims in Victoria was calculated, as were inflation-adjusted health care costs. In 2000-2009, the incidence of compensable whiplash decreased from 1.56 to 1.14 per 1,000 person-years. Physiotherapy, pharmaceuticals, general practitioner, chiropractic, radiology and osteopathy sessions were the most commonly claimed services. General practitioner, allied health and radiology services decreased, but analgesic use increased. Per person-years in the population, whiplash-related medical expenses were 71% greater for women than men. Overall, population burden decreased by 38% the decline was most pronounced in persons aged 18-24 (54% decrease) and least pronounced in those aged ≥ 55 (23% decrease). The population-based health service cost of whiplash decreased between 2000 and 2009. The overall reduction was related to a decrease in incidence and a reduction in service use per whiplash claim.
The effect of motorcycle helmet type, components and fixation status on facial injury in Klang Valley, Malaysia: a case control study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-08-2014
Validating the Strategies Analysis Diagram: Assessing the reliability and validity of a formative method
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2014.04.010
Abstract: The Strategies Analysis Diagram (SAD) is a recently developed method to model the range of possible strategies available for activities in complex sociotechnical systems. Previous applications of the new method have shown that it can effectively identify a comprehensive range of strategies available to humans performing activity within a particular system. A recurring criticism of Ergonomics methods is however, that substantive evidence regarding their performance is lacking. For a method to be widely used by other practitioners such evaluations are necessary. This article presents an evaluation of criterion-referenced validity and test-retest reliability of the SAD method when used by novice analysts. The findings show that in idual analyst performance was average. However, pooling the in idual analyst outputs into a group model increased the reliability and validity of the method. It is concluded that the SAD method's reliability and validity can be assured through the use of a structured process in which analysts first construct an in idual model, followed by either another analyst pooling the in idual results or a group process pooling in idual models into an agreed group model.
Changes in alcohol consumption in pregnant Australian women between 2007 and 2011
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.5694/MJA12.11723
Abstract: To describe the prevalence and distribution of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in an Australian population over a 5-year period. Cross-sectional repeated s le, trend analysis of aggregated and stratified alcohol consumption patterns during pregnancy. Pregnant women were enrolled from 2007 to 2011 in the Griffith Study of Population Health: Environments for Healthy Living, a birth cohort study being conducted in south-east Queensland and north-east New South Wales. Sociodemographic and alcohol consumption data were self-reported at enrollment. Alcohol measures included alcohol consumption (any level) and high-risk alcohol consumption, both during pregnancy (at any stage) and after the first trimester of pregnancy. Of 2731 pregnant women for whom alcohol consumption data were available, a decrease in alcohol consumption was observed over the study period 52.8% reported alcohol use in 2007 compared with 34.8% in 2011 (P< 0.001). The proportion of women who drank alcohol after the first trimester of pregnancy declined from 42.2% in 2007 to 25.8% in 2011. However, high-risk drinking patterns - at all or after the first trimester - did not change over the 5 years (P = 0.12). Low-level alcohol consumption was associated with older women (P < 0.001), more highly educated women (P = 0.01), and women from higher-income households (P < 0.001). In contrast, high-risk consumption after the first trimester was associated with lower levels of education (P = 0.011) and single-parent status (P = 0.001). This study showed a steady and statistically significant decline in the proportion of women who reported drinking alcohol during pregnancy from 2007 to 2011. To further reduce these levels, we need broad public health messages for the general population and localised strategies for high-risk subpopulations. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12610000931077.
Contributing factors to motorcycle injury crashes in Victoria, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
Sleep-Related Infant Deaths in Victoria: A Retrospective Case Series Study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-12-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S10995-015-1888-6
Abstract: There is general agreement that in some circumstances, sharing a sleep surface of any kind with an infant increases the risk of sudden unexpected death in infancy. There is a paucity of research conducted in Australia examining this issue. This study examines the frequency and distribution of sleep-related infant deaths in a defined population, and reports the proportion that occurred in the context of bed-sharing. A retrospective population-based case series study was conducted of infants (≤365 days) who died in a sleeping context during the period 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2010 in the state of Victoria, Australia. Information about the infant, caregiver, sleeping environment and bed-sharing was collected from a review of the coroner's death investigation record. During the 3-year study period, 72 infant deaths occurred in a sleeping context. Of these, 33 (45.8 %) occurred in the context of bed-sharing: n = 7 in 2008 n = 11 in 2009 and n = 15 in 2010. Further analysis of the 33 deaths occurring in the context of bed-sharing showed that in this group, bed-sharing was largely intentional, habitual and most often involved the mother as one of the parties. Given the case series nature of the study design, a causal relationship between bed-sharing and infant death could not be inferred. However the fact that nearly half of all sleep-related deaths occurred in the context of bed-sharing, provides strong support for the need to undertake definitive analytic studies in Australia so that evidence-based advice can be provided to families regarding the safety of bed-sharing practices.
Related Organisations
No related organisations have been discovered for Roderick McClure.
Related Funding Activities
Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP110105423
Start Date: 2011
End Date: 11-2018
Amount: $690,042.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP100200197
Start Date: 02-2011
End Date: 04-2014
Amount: $347,406.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0454849
Start Date: 02-2005
End Date: 06-2008
Amount: $101,556.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP110200119
Start Date: 09-2011
End Date: 06-2016
Amount: $298,719.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0562102
Start Date: 01-2006
End Date: 12-2010
Amount: $650,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity