Catherine Lovelock

Light-dependent maintenance of hydraulic function in mangrove branches: do xylary chloroplasts play a role in embolism repair?

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 17-05-2012

DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2012.04187.X

Abstract: • To clarify the role of branch photosynthesis in tree functioning, the presence and function of chloroplasts in branch xylem tissue were studied in a erse range of mangrove species growing in Australia. • The presence of xylary chloroplasts was observed via chlorophyll fluorescence of transverse sections. Paired, attached branches were selected to study the effects of covering branches with aluminium foil on the gas exchange characteristics of leaves and the hydraulic conductivity of branches. • Xylary chloroplasts occurred in all species, but were differently distributed among living cell types in the xylem. Covering stems altered the gas exchange characteristics of leaves, such that water-use efficiency was greater in exposed leaves of covered than of uncovered branches. • Leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity of stems was lower in covered than in uncovered branches, implicating stem photosynthesis in the maintenance of hydraulic function. Given their proximity to xylem vessels, we suggest that xylary chloroplasts may play a role in light-dependent repair of embolized xylem vessels.

Carbon and nutrient exchange of mangrove forests with the coastal ocean

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-12-2010

DOI: 10.1007/S10750-010-0554-7

Environmental drivers in mangrove establishment and early development: A review

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2008

DOI: 10.1016/J.AQUABOT.2007.12.014

Historical analysis of mangrove leaf traits throughout the 19th and 20th centuries reveals differential responses to increases in atmospheric CO2

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 16-09-2014

DOI: 10.1111/GEB.12211

UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021–2030—What Chance for Success in Restoring Coastal Ecosystems?

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 20-02-2020

DOI: 10.3389/FMARS.2020.00071

Are the ecological effects of the “worst” marine invasive species linked with scientific and media attention?

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 18-04-2019

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0215691

Terrestrial-marine connectivity: Patterns of terrestrial soil carbon deposition in coastal sediments determined by analysis of glomalin related soil protein

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 26-08-2012

DOI: 10.4319/LO.2012.57.5.1492

The effect of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations on the performance of the mangroveAvicennia germinansover a range of salinities

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-11-2014

DOI: 10.1111/PPL.12289

Abstract: By increasing water use efficiency and carbon assimilation, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations could potentially improve plant productivity and growth at high salinities. To assess the effect of elevated CO2 on the salinity response of a woody halophyte, we grew seedlings of the mangrove Avicennia germinans under a combination of five salinity treatments [from 5 to 65 parts per thousand (ppt)] and three CO2 concentrations (280, 400 and 800 ppm). We measured survivorship, growth rate, photosynthetic gas exchange, root architecture and foliar nutrient and ion concentrations. The salinity optima for growth shifted higher with increasing concentrations of CO2 , from 0 ppt at 280 ppm to 35 ppt at 800 ppm. At optimal salinity conditions, carbon assimilation rates were significantly higher under elevated CO2 concentrations. However, at salinities above the salinity optima, salinity had an expected negative effect on mangrove growth and carbon assimilation, which was not alleviated by elevated CO2 , despite a significant improvement in photosynthetic water use efficiency. This is likely due to non-stomatal limitations to growth at high salinities, as indicated by our measurements of foliar ion concentrations that show a displacement of K(+) by Na(+) at elevated salinities that is not affected by CO2 . The observed shift in the optimal salinity for growth with increasing CO2 concentrations changes the fundamental niche of this species and could have significant effects on future mangrove distribution patterns and interspecific interactions.

Nitrogen sharing and water source partitioning co-occur in estuarine wetlands

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2015

DOI: 10.1071/FP14141

Abstract: Plant–plant interactions are particularly complex in multi-resource limited environments. The aim of this study was to assess species interactions in estuarine wetlands where both N and fresh water are limited. We combined stable isotope methods and dissimilarity analyses to compare interspecific interactions in N source use and water source use. Both Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T Blake and Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. had a lower leaf δ15N when they were growing together with the N-fixer Casuarina glauca Sieb. ex Spreng. compared with those trees growing in monospecific stands, but their water isotopes, δ18O and δD, were different from C. glauca. Our results indicate that the N-fixer C. glauca shared their N with co-existing neighbours, either indirectly or directly, but that water sources were partitioned among them. Further analyses showed that M. quinquenervia and C. glauca had lower dissimilarity in N source use but higher dissimilarity in water source use than the C. glauca–A. marina pair, implying that the co-existence between M. quinquenervia and C. glauca is relatively stable. Our results suggest that facilitative interaction and resource partitioning can co-occur in estuarine wetlands, and which could be important in maintaining ersity across resource gradients.

Publisher Correction: Global ecological impacts of marine exotic species.

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 02-08-2019

DOI: 10.1038/S41559-019-0965-4

Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Mangrove growth in New Zealand estuaries: the role of nutrient enrichment at sites with contrasting rates of sedimentation

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-05-2007

DOI: 10.1007/S00442-007-0750-Y

Abstract: Mangrove forest coverage is increasing in the estuaries of the North Island of New Zealand, causing changes in estuarine ecosystem structure and function. Sedimentation and associated nutrient enrichment have been proposed to be factors leading to increases in mangrove cover, but the relative importance of each of these factors is unknown. We conducted a fertilization study in estuaries with different sedimentation histories in order to determine the role of nutrient enrichment in stimulating mangrove growth and forest development. We expected that if mangroves were nutrient-limited, nutrient enrichment would lead to increases in mangrove growth and forest structure and that nutrient enrichment of trees in our site with low sedimentation would give rise to trees and sediments that converged in terms of functional characteristics on control sites in our high sedimentation site. The effects of fertilizing with nitrogen (N) varied among sites and across the intertidal zone, with enhancements in growth, photosynthetic carbon gain, N resorption prior to leaf senescence and the leaf area index of canopies being significantly greater at the high sedimentation sites than at the low sedimentation sites, and in landward dwarf trees compared to seaward fringing trees. Sediment respiration (CO(2) efflux) was higher at the high sedimentation site than at the low one sedimentation site, but it was not significantly affected by fertilization, suggesting that the high sedimentation site supported greater bacterial mineralization of sediment carbon. Nutrient enrichment of the coastal zone has a role in facilitating the expansion of mangroves in estuaries of the North Island of New Zealand, but this effect is secondary to that of sedimentation, which increases habitat area and stimulates growth. In estuaries with high sediment loads, enrichment with N will cause greater mangrove growth and further changes in ecosystem function.

Impact of changes in natural ultraviolet radiation on pigment composition, physiological and morphological characteristics of the Antarctic moss, Grimmia antarctici

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-2005

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2486.2005.00911.X

Author Correction: The future of Blue Carbon science (Nature Communications, (2019), 10, 1, (3998), 10.1038/s41467-019-11693-w)

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-11-2019

DOI: 10.1038/S41467-019-13126-0

Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Some like it wet - Biological characteristics underpinning tolerance of extreme water stress events in Antarctic bryophytes

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2006

DOI: 10.1071/FP05306

Abstract: Antarctic bryophyte communities presently tolerate physiological extremes in water availability, surviving both desiccation and submergence events. We investigated the relative ability of three Antarctic moss species to tolerate physiological extremes in water availability and identified physiological, morphological, and biochemical characteristics that assist species performance under such conditions. Tolerance of desiccation and submergence was investigated using chlorophyll fluorescence during a series of field- and laboratory-based water stress events. Turf water retention and degree of natural habitat submergence were determined from gametophyte shoot size and density, and δ13C signatures, respectively. Finally, compounds likely to assist membrane structure and function during desiccation events (fatty acids and soluble carbohydrates) were determined. The results of this study show significant differences in the performance of the three study species under contrasting water stress events. The results indicate that the three study species occupy distinctly different ecological niches with respect to water relations, and provide a physiological explanation for present species distributions. The poor tolerance of submergence seen in Ceratodon purpureus helps explain its restriction to drier sites and conversely, the low tolerance of desiccation and high tolerance of submergence displayed by the endemic Grimmia antarctici is consistent with its restriction to wet habitats. Finally the flexible response observed for Bryum pseudotriquetrum is consistent with its co-occurrence with the other two species across the bryophyte habitat spectrum. The likely effects of future climate change induced shifts in water availability are discussed with respect to future community dynamics.

Interdependency of tropical marine ecosystems in response to climate change

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 22-06-2014

DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2274

The effect of nutrient enrichment on growth, photosynthesis and hydraulic conductance of dwarf mangroves in Panamá

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-2004

DOI: 10.1046/J.0269-8463.2004.00805.X

Coastal retreat and improved water quality mitigate losses of seagrass from sea level rise

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 14-05-2013

DOI: 10.1111/GCB.12218

Abstract: The distribution and abundance of seagrass ecosystems could change significantly over the coming century due to sea level rise (SLR). Coastal managers require mechanistic understanding of the processes affecting seagrass response to SLR to maximize their conservation and associated provision of ecosystem services. In Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, vast seagrass meadows supporting populations of sea turtles and dugongs are juxtaposed with the multiple stressors associated with a large and rapidly expanding human population. Here, the interactive effects of predicted SLR, changes in water clarity, and land use on future distributions of seagrass in Moreton Bay were quantified. A habitat distribution model of present day seagrass in relation to benthic irradiance and wave height was developed which correctly classified habitats in 83% of cases. Spatial predictions of seagrass and presence derived from the model and bathymetric data were used to initiate a SLR inundation model. Bathymetry was iteratively modified based on SLR and sedimentary accretion in seagrass to simulate potential seagrass habitat at 10 year time steps until 2100. The area of seagrass habitat was predicted to decline by 17% by 2100 under a scenario of SLR of 1.1 m. A scenario including the removal of impervious surfaces, such as roads and houses, from newly inundated regions, demonstrated that managed retreat of the shoreline could potentially reduce the overall decline in seagrass habitat to just 5%. The predicted reduction in area of seagrass habitat could be offset by an improvement in water clarity of 30%. Greater improvements in water clarity would be necessary for larger magnitudes of SLR. Management to improve water quality will provide present and future benefits to seagrasses under climate change and should be a priority for managers seeking to compensate for the effects of global change on these valuable habitats.

Rebuilding marine life

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-2020

DOI: 10.1038/S41586-020-2146-7

Role of carbonate burial in Blue Carbon budgets

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 07-03-2019

DOI: 10.1038/S41467-019-08842-6

Abstract: Calcium carbonates (CaCO 3 ) often accumulate in mangrove and seagrass sediments. As CaCO 3 production emits CO 2 , there is concern that this may partially offset the role of Blue Carbon ecosystems as CO 2 sinks through the burial of organic carbon (C org ). A global collection of data on inorganic carbon burial rates (C inorg , 12% of CaCO 3 mass) revealed global rates of 0.8 TgC inorg yr −1 and 15–62 TgC inorg yr −1 in mangrove and seagrass ecosystems, respectively. In seagrass, CaCO 3 burial may correspond to an offset of 30% of the net CO 2 sequestration. However, a mass balance assessment highlights that the C inorg burial is mainly supported by inputs from adjacent ecosystems rather than by local calcification, and that Blue Carbon ecosystems are sites of net CaCO 3 dissolution. Hence, CaCO 3 burial in Blue Carbon ecosystems contribute to seabed elevation and therefore buffers sea-level rise, without undermining their role as CO 2 sinks.

Insuring mangrove forests for their role in mitigating coastal erosion and storm-surge: An australian case study

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 26-01-2013

DOI: 10.1007/S13157-013-0382-4

High-resolution mapping of losses and gains of Earth's tidal wetlands.

Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Date: 13-05-2022

DOI: 10.1126/SCIENCE.ABM9583

Abstract: Tidal wetlands are expected to respond dynamically to global environmental change, but the extent to which wetland losses have been offset by gains remains poorly understood. We developed a global analysis of satellite data to simultaneously monitor change in three highly interconnected intertidal ecosystem types-tidal flats, tidal marshes, and mangroves-from 1999 to 2019. Globally, 13,700 square kilometers of tidal wetlands have been lost, but these have been substantially offset by gains of 9700 km

Mangrove Shorelines

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-03-2015

DOI: 10.1002/9781119117261.CH11

Arbuscular mycorrhizal communities in tropical forests are affected by host tree species and environment

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 13-02-2003

DOI: 10.1007/S00442-002-1166-3

Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are mutualists with plant roots that are proposed to enhance plant community ersity. Models indicate that AM fungal communities could maintain plant ersity in forests if functionally different communities are spatially separated. In this study we assess the spatial and temporal distribution of the AM fungal community in a wet tropical rainforest in Costa Rica. We test whether distinct fungal communities correlate with variation in tree life history characteristics, with host tree species, and the relative importance of soil type, seasonality and rainfall. Host tree species differ in their associated AM fungal communities, but differences in the AM community between hosts could not be generalized over life history groupings of hosts. Changes in the relative abundance of a few common AM fungal species were the cause of differences in AM fungal communities for different host tree species instead of differences in the presence and absence of AM fungal species. Thus, AM fungal communities are spatially distinguishable in the forest, even though all species are widespread. Soil fertility ranging between 5 and 9 Mg/ha phosphorus did not affect composition of AM fungal communities, although sporulation was more abundant in lower fertility soils. S ling soils over seasons revealed that some AM fungal species sporulate profusely in the dry season compared to the rainy season. On one host tree species s led at two sites with vastly different rainfall, relative abundance of spores from Acaulospora was lower and that of Glomus was relatively higher at the site with lower and more seasonal rainfall.

Contrasting Effects of Local Environmental and Biogeographic Factors on the Composition and Structure of Bacterial Communities in Arid Monospecific Mangrove Soils

Publisher: American Society for Microbiology

Date: 23-02-2022

DOI: 10.1128/SPECTRUM.00903-21

Abstract: Mangrove ecosystems are increasingly being recognized for their potential to sequester atmospheric carbon, thereby mitigating the effects of anthropogenically driven greenhouse gas emissions. The bacterial community in the soils plays an important role in the breakdown and recycling of carbon and other nutrients.

CHARACTER RELEASE FOLLOWING EXTINCTION IN A CARIBBEAN REEF CORAL SPECIES COMPLEX

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-2002

DOI: 10.1111/J.0014-3820.2002.TB01360.X

Abstract: The Pleistocene extinction of the widespread organ-pipe Montastraea coral had measurable morphological and ecological effects on surviving lineages of the Montastraea "annularis" species complex. Extinction of the organ-pipe Montastraea occurred after more than 500,000 years of dominance in the shallow-water reef habitat of Barbados. Extinction resulted in a morphological shift of the columnar Montastraea lineage from thick to thin columns in modern reef environments. Pleistocene colonies of the columnar morphotype sympatric with organ-pipe Montastraea showed greater column widths than those in allopatry. We subjected our data to a number of criteria for interpreting the morphological shift as character release following lifting of competitive pressure after extinction. The morphological differences do not appear to be due either to chance or to physical properties of the marine environment. Differential local extinction and recolonization of four members of the species complex did not occur on Barbados, so that the species coexisted and appear to have coevolved between more than 600,000 and 82,000 years ago. The morphological shift is related to coral growth form and growth rate, and thus reflects the acquisition of a primary resource in corals--light. Character release occurred at the same oceanic Caribbean island (Barbados) where environments have fluctuated with similar variance throughout the period of coexistence. Not only has competition among living members of the Montastraea "annularis" species complex been convincingly demonstrated, but trends in relative abundance among fossil members of the species complex strongly suggest that a competitive hierarchy was operating during their Pleistocene coexistence on Barbados. We also observed an ecological analogue to character release on another Caribbean island. Curaçao. The distribution and abundance of living columnar M. annularis s.s. and massive M. faveolata from the leeward reef crest in Curaçao is greater now than in the Pleistocene, when organ-pipe Montastraea dominated this shallow-water reef habitat. Extinction of the faster growing, shallow-water organ-pipe Montastraea resulted in higher abundance of the columnar Montastraea lineage in shallow-water habitats, where it shifted its morphology to one adapted to high light levels. The species extinction released surviving lineages from a competitive network that had resulted in lower rank abundance in the Pleistocene community and enhanced abundance of both columnar M. annularis s.s. and M. faveolata in modern communities. Full validation of our interpretation of character release must await experiments that demonstrate whether phenotypic differences between populations have a genetic basis. However, we believe the results of this study point to the important, yet heretofore neglected, role that biological interactions have played in the evolution of closely related reef coral species.

Blue carbon as a natural climate solution

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-2021

DOI: 10.1038/S43017-021-00224-1

Differences in plant function in phosphorus- and nitrogen-limited mangrove ecosystems

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-2006

DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2006.01851.X

Abstract: Mangrove ecosystems can be either nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) limited and are therefore vulnerable to nutrient pollution. Nutrient enrichment with either N or P may have differing effects on ecosystems because of underlying differences in plant physiological responses to these nutrients in either N- or P-limited settings. Using a common mangrove species, Avicennia germinans, in sites where growth was either N or P limited, we investigated differing physiological responses to N and P limitation and fertilization. We tested the hypothesis that water uptake and transport, and hydraulic architecture, were the main processes limiting productivity at the P-limited site, but that this was not the case at the N-limited site. We found that plants at the P-deficient site had lower leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic carbon-assimilation rates, and less conductive xylem, than those at the N-limited site. These differences were greatly reduced with P fertilization at the P-limited site. By contrast, fertilization with N at the N-limited site had little effect on either photosynthetic or hydraulic traits. We conclude that growth in N- and P-limited sites differentially affect the hydraulic pathways of mangroves. Plants experiencing P limitation appear to be water deficient and undergo more pronounced changes in structure and function with relief of nutrient deficiency than those in N-limited ecosystems.

An Australian blue carbon method to estimate climate change mitigation benefits of coastal wetland restoration

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 30-06-2022

DOI: 10.1111/REC.13739

Abstract: Restoration of coastal wetlands has the potential to deliver both climate change mitigation, called blue carbon, and adaptation benefits to coastal communities, as well as supporting bio ersity and providing additional ecosystem services. Valuing carbon sequestration may incentivize restoration projects however, it requires development of rigorous methods for quantifying blue carbon sequestered during coastal wetland restoration. We describe the development of a blue carbon accounting model (BlueCAM) used within the Tidal Restoration of Blue Carbon Ecosystems Methodology Determination 2022 of the Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF), which is Australia's voluntary carbon market scheme. The new BlueCAM uses Australian data to estimate abatement from carbon and greenhouse gas sources and sinks arising from coastal wetland restoration (via tidal restoration) and aligns with the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. BlueCAM includes carbon sequestered in soils and biomass and avoided emissions from alternative land uses. A conservative modeled approach was used to provide estimates of abatement (as opposed to on‐ground measurements) and in doing so, this will reduce the costs associated with monitoring and verification for ERF projects and may increase participation in blue carbon projects by Australian landholders. BlueCAM encompasses multiple climate regions and plant communities and therefore may be useful to others outside Australia seeking to value blue carbon benefits from coastal wetland restoration.

Plant–soil feedbacks in mangrove ecosystems: establishing links between empirical and modelling studies

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 22-07-2021

DOI: 10.1007/S00468-021-02182-Z

Abstract: Plant–soil feedbacks in mangrove ecosystems are important for ecosystem resilience and can be investigated by establishing links between empirical and modelling studies. Plant–soil feedbacks are important as they provide valuable insights into ecosystem dynamics and ecosystems stability and resilience against multiple stressors and disturbances, including global climate change. In mangroves, plant–soil feedbacks are important for ecosystem resilience in the face of sea level rise, carbon sequestration, and to support successful ecosystem restoration. Despite the recognition of the importance of plant–soil feedbacks in mangroves, there is limited empirical data available. We reviewed empirical studies from mangrove ecosystems and evaluate numerical models addressing plant–soil feedbacks. The empirical evidence suggests that plant–soil feedbacks strongly influence ecological processes (e.g. seedling recruitment and soil elevation change) and forest structure in mangrove ecosystems. Numerical models, which successfully describe plant–soil feedbacks in mangrove and other ecosystems, can be used in future empirical studies to test mechanistic understanding and project outcomes of environmental change. Moreover, the combination of both, modelling and empirical approaches, can improve mechanistic understanding of plant–soil feedbacks and thereby ecosystem dynamics in mangrove ecosystems. This combination will help to support sustainable coastal management and conservation.

Nitrogen limitation of growth and nutrient dynamics in a disturbed mangrove forest, Indian River Lagoon, Florida

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-01-2003

DOI: 10.1007/S00442-002-1117-Z

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine effects of nutrient enrichment on plant growth, nutrient dynamics, and photosynthesis in a disturbed mangrove forest in an abandoned mosquito impoundment in Florida. Impounding altered the hydrology and soil chemistry of the site. In 1997, we established a factorial experiment along a tree-height gradient with three zones, i.e., fringe, transition, dwarf, and three fertilizer treatment levels, i.e., nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), control, in Mosquito Impoundment 23 on the eastern side of Indian River. Transects traversed the forest perpendicular to the shoreline, from a Rhizophora mangle-dominated fringe through an Avicennia germinans stand of intermediate height, and into a scrub or dwarf stand of A. germinans in the hinterland. Growth rates increased significantly in response to N fertilization. Our growth data indicated that this site is N-limited along the tree-height gradient. After 2 years of N addition, dwarf trees resembled vigorously growing saplings. Addition of N also affected internal dynamics of N and P and caused increases in rates of photosynthesis. These findings contrast with results for a R. mangle-dominated forest in Belize where the fringe is N-limited, but the dwarf zone is P-limited and the transition zone is co-limited by N and P. This study demonstrated that patterns of nutrient limitation in mangrove ecosystems are complex, that not all processes respond similarly to the same nutrient, and that similar habitats are not limited by the same nutrient when different mangrove forests are compared.

Wax as a Mechanism for Protection against Photoinhibition — A Study of Cotyledon orbiculata

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-1993

DOI: 10.1111/J.1438-8677.1993.TB00753.X

Response to Gallagher (2022)—the Australian Tidal Restoration for Blue Carbon method 2022—conservative, robust, and practical

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 28-09-2023

DOI: 10.1111/REC.14027

Synthetic microbe communities provide internal reference standards for metagenome sequencing and analysis

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-08-2018

DOI: 10.1038/S41467-018-05555-0

Abstract: The complexity of microbial communities, combined with technical biases in next-generation sequencing, pose a challenge to metagenomic analysis. Here, we develop a set of internal DNA standards, termed “sequins” (sequencing spike-ins), that together constitute a synthetic community of artificial microbial genomes. Sequins are added to environmental DNA s les prior to library preparation, and undergo concurrent sequencing with the accompanying s le. We validate the performance of sequins by comparison to mock microbial communities, and demonstrate their use in the analysis of real metagenome s les. We show how sequins can be used to measure fold change differences in the size and structure of accompanying microbial communities, and perform quantitative normalization between s les. We further illustrate how sequins can be used to benchmark and optimize new methods, including nanopore long-read sequencing technology. We provide metagenome sequins, along with associated data sets, protocols, and an accompanying software toolkit, as reference standards to aid in metagenomic studies.

The response of the mangrove Avicennia marina to heterogeneous salinity measured using a split-root approach

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-05-2015

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-015-2489-2

The Ecology and Management of Temperate Mangroves

Publisher: CRC Press

Date: 12-05-2010

DOI: 10.1201/EBK1439821169-C2

March of the mangroves: Drivers of encroachment into southern temperate saltmarsh

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.ECSS.2020.106776

The State of the World's Mangrove Forests: Past, Present, and Future

Publisher: Annual Reviews

Date: 17-10-2019

DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-ENVIRON-101718-033302

Abstract: Intertidal mangrove forests are a dynamic ecosystem experiencing rapid changes in extent and habitat quality over geological history, today and into the future. Climate and sea level have drastically altered mangrove distribution since their appearance in the geological record ∼75 million years ago (Mya), through to the Holocene. In contrast, contemporary mangrove dynamics are driven primarily by anthropogenic threats, including pollution, overextraction, and conversion to aquaculture and agriculture. Deforestation rates have declined in the past decade, but the future of mangroves is uncertain new deforestation frontiers are opening, particularly in Southeast Asia and West Africa, despite international conservation policies and ambitious global targets for rehabilitation. In addition, geological and climatic processes such as sea-level rise that were important over geological history will continue to influence global mangrove distribution in the future. Recommendations are given to reframe mangrove conservation, with a view to improving the state of mangroves in the future.

Variable effects of nutrient enrichment on soil respiration in mangrove forests

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 15-02-2014

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-014-2036-6

Decreasing carbonate load of seagrass leaves with increasing latitude

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.AQUABOT.2019.103147

Photoinhibition and recovery in tropical plant species: response to disturbance

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-1994

DOI: 10.1007/BF00317318

Opportunities for improving phosphorus-use efficiency in crop plants

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-06-2012

DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2012.04190.X

Abstract: Limitation of grain crop productivity by phosphorus (P) is widespread and will probably increase in the future. Enhanced P efficiency can be achieved by improved uptake of phosphate from soil (P‐acquisition efficiency) and by improved productivity per unit P taken up (P‐use efficiency). This review focuses on improved P‐use efficiency, which can be achieved by plants that have overall lower P concentrations, and by optimal distribution and redistribution of P in the plant allowing maximum growth and biomass allocation to harvestable plant parts. Significant decreases in plant P pools may be possible, for ex le, through reductions of superfluous ribosomal RNA and replacement of phospholipids by sulfolipids and galactolipids. Improvements in P distribution within the plant may be possible by increased remobilization from tissues that no longer need it (e.g. senescing leaves) and reduced partitioning of P to developing grains. Such changes would prolong and enhance the productive use of P in photosynthesis and have nutritional and environmental benefits. Research considering physiological, metabolic, molecular biological, genetic and phylogenetic aspects of P‐use efficiency is urgently needed to allow significant progress to be made in our understanding of this complex trait. Contents Summary 306 I. The need to use phosphorus efficiently 307 II. P‐use efficiency and P dynamics in a growing crop 307 III. P pools in plants 307 IV. Phosphorus pools and growth rates 310 V. Are crops different from other plants in their P concentration? 310 VI. Phosphorus use and photosynthesis 311 VII. Crop development and canopy P distribution 312 VIII. Internal redistribution of P in a growing vegetative plant 313 IX. Allocation of P to reproductive structures 314 X. Constraints to P remobilisation 315 XI. Do physiological or phylogenetic trade‐offs constrain traits that could improve PUE? 316 XII. Identifying genetic loci associated with PUE 316 XIII. Conclusions 317 Acknowledgements 317 References 317

Changes in ectomycorrhizal community structure on two containerized oak hosts across an experimental hydrologic gradient

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 14-01-2009

DOI: 10.1007/S00572-008-0220-3

Abstract: Shifts in ectomycorrhizal (ECM) community structure were examined across an experimental hydrologic gradient on containerized seedlings of two oak species, Quercus montana and Quercus palustris, inoculated from a homogenate of roots from mature oak trees. At the end of one growing season, seedlings were harvested, roots were sorted by morphotype, and proportional colonization of each type was determined. DNA was subsequently extracted from in idual root tips for polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and rDNA sequencing of the ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 region to determine identities of fungal morphotypes. Twelve distinct molecular types were identified. Analysis of similarity showed that ECM fungal assemblages shifted significantly in composition across the soil moisture gradient. Taxa within the genus Tuber and the family Thelephoraceae were largely responsible for the changes in fungal assemblages. There were also significant differences in ECM community assemblages between the two oak host species. These results demonstrate that the structure of ECM fungal communities depends on both the abiotic and biotic environments and can shift with changes in soil moisture as well as host plant, even within the same genus.

Variation in hydraulic conductivity of mangroves: influence of species, salinity, and nitrogen and phosphorus availability

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 07-2006

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.2006.00723.X

Multi-scale mapping of Australia’s terrestrial and blue carbon stocks and their continental and bioregional drivers

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-2023

DOI: 10.1038/S43247-023-00838-X

Abstract: The soil in terrestrial and coastal blue carbon ecosystems is an important carbon sink. National carbon inventories require accurate assessments of soil carbon in these ecosystems to aid conservation, preservation, and nature-based climate change mitigation strategies. Here we harmonise measurements from Australia’s terrestrial and blue carbon ecosystems and apply multi-scale machine learning to derive spatially explicit estimates of soil carbon stocks and the environmental drivers of variation. We find that climate and vegetation are the primary drivers of variation at the continental scale, while ecosystem type, terrain, clay content, mineralogy and nutrients drive subregional variations. We estimate that in the top 0–30 cm soil layer, terrestrial ecosystems hold 27.6 Gt (19.6–39.0 Gt), and blue carbon ecosystems 0.35 Gt (0.20–0.62 Gt). Tall open eucalypt and mangrove forests have the largest soil carbon content by area, while eucalypt woodlands and hummock grasslands have the largest total carbon stock due to the vast areas they occupy. Our findings suggest these are essential ecosystems for conservation, preservation, emissions avoidance, and climate change mitigation because of the additional co-benefits they provide.

The effect of nutrient enrichment on the growth, nucleic acid concentrations, and elemental stoichiometry of coral reef macroalgae

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 16-07-2012

DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.330

Nitrogen fertilization enhances water-use efficiency in a saline environment

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-2010

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3040.2009.02072.X

Abstract: Effects of salinity and nutrients on carbon gain in relation to water use were studied in the grey mangrove, Avicennia marina, growing along a natural salinity gradient in south-eastern Australia. Tall trees characterized areas of seawater salinities (fringe zone) and stunted trees dominated landward hypersaline areas (scrub zone). Trees were fertilized with nitrogen (+N) or phosphorus (+P) or unfertilized. There was no significant effect of +P on shoot growth, whereas +N enhanced canopy development, particularly in scrub trees. Scrub trees maintained greater CO(2) assimilation per unit water transpired (water-use efficiency, WUE) and had lower nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE CO(2) assimilation rate per unit leaf nitrogen) than fringe trees. The CO(2) assimilation rates of +N trees were similar to those in other treatments, but were achieved at lower transpiration rates, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO(2) concentrations. Maintaining comparable assimilation rates at lower stomatal conductance requires greater ribulose 1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity, consistent with greater N content per unit leaf area in +N trees. Hence, +N enhanced WUE at the expense of NUE. Instantaneous WUE estimates were supported by less negative foliar delta(13)C values for +N trees and scrub control trees. Thus, nutrient enrichment may alter the structure and function of mangrove forests along salinity gradients.

The vulnerability of Indo-Pacific mangrove forests to sea-level rise

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-2015

DOI: 10.1038/NATURE15538

Abstract: Sea-level rise can threaten the long-term sustainability of coastal communities and valuable ecosystems such as coral reefs, salt marshes and mangroves. Mangrove forests have the capacity to keep pace with sea-level rise and to avoid inundation through vertical accretion of sediments, which allows them to maintain wetland soil elevations suitable for plant growth. The Indo-Pacific region holds most of the world's mangrove forests, but sediment delivery in this region is declining, owing to anthropogenic activities such as damming of rivers. This decline is of particular concern because the Indo-Pacific region is expected to have variable, but high, rates of future sea-level rise. Here we analyse recent trends in mangrove surface elevation changes across the Indo-Pacific region using data from a network of surface elevation table instruments. We find that sediment availability can enable mangrove forests to maintain rates of soil-surface elevation gain that match or exceed that of sea-level rise, but for 69 per cent of our study sites the current rate of sea-level rise exceeded the soil surface elevation gain. We also present a model based on our field data, which suggests that mangrove forests at sites with low tidal range and low sediment supply could be submerged as early as 2070.

Mangroves provide blue carbon ecological value at a low freshwater cost

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 20-02-2018

DOI: 10.1038/S41598-022-21514-8

Abstract: “Blue carbon” wetland vegetation has a limited freshwater requirement. One type, mangroves, utilizes less freshwater during transpiration than adjacent terrestrial ecoregions, equating to only 43% (average) to 57% (potential) of evapotranspiration ( $$ET$$ ET ). Here, we demonstrate that comparative consumptive water use by mangrove vegetation is as much as 2905 kL H 2 O ha −1 year −1 less than adjacent ecoregions with $${E}_{c}$$ E c -to- $$ET$$ ET ratios of 47–70%. Lower porewater salinity would, however, increase mangrove $${E}_{c}$$ E c -to- $$ET$$ ET ratios by affecting leaf-, tree-, and stand-level eco-physiological controls on transpiration. Restricted water use is also additive to other ecosystem services provided by mangroves, such as high carbon sequestration, coastal protection and support of bio ersity within estuarine and marine environments. Low freshwater demand enables mangroves to sustain ecological values of connected estuarine ecosystems with future reductions in freshwater while not competing with the freshwater needs of humans. Conservative water use may also be a characteristic of other emergent blue carbon wetlands.

Soil Respiration and Belowground Carbon Allocation in Mangrove Forests

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 02-02-2008

DOI: 10.1007/S10021-008-9125-4

Ocean Calamities: Delineating the Boundaries between Scientific Evidence and Belief

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 08-07-2015

DOI: 10.1093/BIOSCI/BIV088

Short-term microbial respiration in an arid zone mangrove soil is limited by availability of gallic acid, phosphorus and ammonium

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.SOILBIO.2017.08.010

Differential responses of the mangrove Avicennia marina to salinity and abscisic acid

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2012

DOI: 10.1071/FP12178

Abstract: Salinisation of the soil can cause plant water deficits, ion and nutrient imbalances and toxic reactions. The halophyte, Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh., is a mangrove that tolerates a wide range of soil salinities. In order to understand how salinity affects plant growth and functioning and how salinity responses are influenced by the water deficit signalling hormone abscisic acid (ABA) we grew A. marina seedlings under two non-growth limiting salinities: 60% seawater and 90% seawater and with and without exogenously supplied ABA. We measured growth, photosynthesis, sap flow, aquaporin gene expression, hydraulic anatomy and nutrient status as well as sap ABA concentrations. ABA addition resulted in a drought phenotype (reduced sap flow, transpiration rates and photosynthesis and increased water use efficiency and aquaporin expression). In contrast, growth in high salinity did not lead to responses that are typical for water deficits, but rather, could be characterised as drought avoidance strategies (no reduction in sap flow, transpiration rates and photosynthesis and reduced aquaporin expression). Tissue nutrient concentrations were higher in seedlings grown at high salinities. We did not find evidence for a role for ABA in the mangrove salinity response, suggesting ABA is not produced directly in response to high concentrations of NaCl ions.

Carbon Capture and Storage

Publisher: Apple Academic Press

Date: 10-04-2014

DOI: 10.1201/B16845

Reviews and syntheses: <sup>210</sup>Pb-derived sediment and carbon accumulation rates in vegetated coastal ecosystems – setting the record straight

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Date: 15-11-2018

DOI: 10.5194/BG-15-6791-2018

Abstract: Abstract. Vegetated coastal ecosystems, including tidal marshes, mangroves and seagrass meadows, are being increasingly assessed in terms of their potential for carbon dioxide sequestration worldwide. However, there is a paucity of studies that have effectively estimated the accumulation rates of sediment organic carbon (Corg), also termed blue carbon, beyond the mere quantification of Corg stocks. Here, we discuss the use of the 210Pb dating technique to determine the rate of Corg accumulation in these habitats. We review the most widely used 210Pb dating models to assess their limitations in these ecosystems, often composed of heterogeneous sediments with varying inputs of organic material, that are disturbed by natural and anthropogenic processes resulting in sediment mixing and changes in sedimentation rates or erosion. Through a range of simulations, we consider the most relevant processes that impact the 210Pb records in vegetated coastal ecosystems and evaluate how anomalies in 210Pb specific activity profiles affect sediment and Corg accumulation rates. Our results show that the discrepancy in sediment and derived Corg accumulation rates between anomalous and ideal 210Pb profiles is within 20 % if the process causing such anomalies is well understood. While these discrepancies might be acceptable for the determination of mean sediment and Corg accumulation rates over the last century, they may not always provide a reliable geochronology or historical reconstruction. Reliable estimates of Corg accumulation rates might be difficult at sites with slow sedimentation, intense mixing and/or that are affected by multiple sedimentary processes. Additional tracers or geochemical, ecological or historical data need to be used to validate the 210Pb-derived results. The framework provided in this study can be instrumental in reducing the uncertainties associated with estimates of Corg accumulation rates in vegetated coastal sediments.

Habitat characteristics provide insights of carbon storage in seagrass meadows

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2018.01.059

Abstract: Seagrass meadows provide multiple ecosystem services, yet they are among the most threatened ecosystems on earth. Because of their role as carbon sinks, protection and restoration of seagrass meadows contribute to climate change mitigation. Blue Carbon strategies aim to enhance CO

Variation in wood density and anatomy in a widespread mangrove species

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 27-04-2012

DOI: 10.1007/S00468-012-0729-0

Drivers of habitat partitioning among three Quercus species along a hydrologic gradient

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 20-12-2019

DOI: 10.1093/TREEPHYS/TPZ112

Abstract: A critical process that allows multiple, similar species to coexist in an ecological community is their ability to partition local habitat gradients. The mechanisms that underlie this separation at local scales may include niche differences associated with their biogeographic history, differences in ecological function associated with the degree of shared ancestry and trait-based performance differences, which may be related to spatial or temporal variation in habitat. In this study we measured traits related to water-use, growth and stress tolerance in mature trees and seedlings of three oak species (Quercus alba L., Quercus falcata Michx. and Quercus palustris Münchh). which co-occur in temperate forests across the eastern USA but tend to be found in contrasting hydrologic environments. The three species showed significant differences in their local distributions along a hydrologic gradient. We tested three possible mechanisms that influence their contrasting local environmental distributions and promote their long-term co-existence: (i) differences in their climatic distributions across a broad geographic range, (ii) differences in functional traits related to water use, drought tolerance and growth and (iii) contrasting responses to temporal variation in water availability. We identified key differences between the species in both their range-wide climatic distributions (especially aridity index and mean annual temperature) and physiological traits in mature trees and seedlings, including daily water loss, hydraulic conductance, stress responses, growth rate and biomass allocation. Taken together, these differences explain the habitat partitioning that allows three closely related species to co-occur locally.

Direct uptake of canopy rainwater causes turgor-driven growth spurts in the mangrove Avicennia marina

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 17-03-2018

DOI: 10.1093/TREEPHYS/TPY024

Abstract: Mangrove forests depend on a dense structure of sufficiently large trees to fulfil their essential functions as providers of food and wood for animals and people, CO2 sinks and protection from storms. Growth of these forests is known to be dependent on the salinity of soil water, but the influence of foliar uptake of rainwater as a freshwater source, additional to soil water, has hardly been investigated. Under field conditions in Australia, stem diameter variation, sap flow and stem water potential of the grey mangrove (Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh.) were simultaneously measured during alternating dry and rainy periods. We found that sap flow in A. marina was reversed, from canopy to roots, during and shortly after rainfall events. Simultaneously, stem diameters rapidly increased with growth rates up to 70 μm h-1, which is about 25-75 times the normal growth rate reported in temperate trees. A mechanistic tree model was applied to provide evidence that A. marina trees take up water through their leaves, and that this water contributes to turgor-driven stem growth. Our results indicate that direct uptake of freshwater by the canopy during rainfall supports mangrove tree growth and serve as a call to consider this water uptake pathway if we aspire to correctly assess influences of changing rainfall patterns on mangrove tree growth.

Photoinhibition in the Antarctic moss Grimmia antarctici Card when exposed to cycles of freezing and thawing

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-1995

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3040.1995.TB00200.X

Mangrove blue carbon stocks and dynamics are controlled by hydrogeomorphic settings and land-use change

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 24-03-2020

DOI: 10.1111/GCB.15056

The Physiology of Mangrove Trees with Changing Climate

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Date: 2016

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27422-5_7

Nutrient exchange of extensive cyanobacterial mats in an arid subtropical wetland

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2012

DOI: 10.1071/MF11133

Abstract: Cyanobacterial mats cover extensive areas of subtropical arid coastal wetlands and are sites of active nutrient exchange. To assess spatial (low v. high in the intertidal zone) and temporal (day v. night) variability in nitrogen (N) exchange in arid Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia, we measured nutrient exchange (NOx–-N, NH4+ and soluble reactive phosphorus) during tidal inundation and N fixation of cyanobacterial mats before and during an unusual period of heavy rainfall. Additionally, we investigated the species composition within the cyanobacterial mat. We hypothesised that nutrients are released to the floodwater during tidal inundation, that N fixation is a significant path of N incorporation, that highest N fixation rates occur in the low intertidal zone at night, and that the cyanobacterial mat community composition varies across the intertidal zone. Our results showed that nutrients were removed from the floodwater during tidal inundation. N fixation accounted for 34% of N incorporation, with highest rates in the lower intertidal zone during the day. The cyanobacterial mat was dominated by Microcoleus chthonoplastes, but composition varied across the intertidal zone. The present study provided evidence of temporal and spatial variability in nutrient exchange and implied an important role of cyanobacterial mats in coastal production.

Observations of the Photosynthetic Physiology of Tree Species within the C3 Monocotyledon Genus Pandanus, and Comparison with Dicotyledon C3 Tree Species

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 1998

DOI: 10.1071/BT96106

Abstract: Photosynthetic characteristics of tree species from the tropical C3 monocotyledon genus Pandanus were compared with C3 dicotyledon species growing in similar environments. The Pandanus species had similar maximum photosynthetic rates (Amax) to dicotyledon tree species in leaves from both sun and shaded environments when Amax was expressed on an area basis. Because of the low specific leaf area of the schlerophyllous leaves of the Pandanus compared to the dicotyledon species, the similarity in Amax was no longer evident when Amax was expressed on a dry-weight basis. Leaf dark respiration rates of the Pandanus on a leaf area and weight basis were generally lower than the shade-intolerant dicotyledons and similar to the shade-tolerant dicotyledon species. Low dark respiration rates and low specific leaf area of the Pandanus may be important characteristics for growth and survival in environments where resource levels are low and the likelihood of tissue damage is high.

Plasticity in the Above- and Below-Ground Development of Mangrove Seedlings in Response to Variation in Soil Bulk Density

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 25-11-2019

DOI: 10.1007/S12237-019-00660-9

Relationships among RNA DNA ratio, growth and elemental stoichiometry in mangrove trees

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 16-09-2010

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2435.2010.01722.X

Latitudinal patterns of egg size and maternal investment trade‐offs in reef corals

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 22-01-2023

DOI: 10.1111/GEB.13631

Abstract: The aims were to test the role of temperature in latitudinal patterns of egg size and investigate maternal investment trade‐offs among coral taxa. Global, from 34° S to 34° N. 1981–2020. Reef coral species from the order Scleractinia. We compiled a comprehensive geo‐referenced global dataset of egg sizes (diameter or volume) and fecundity (number of eggs per area) for colonial corals (Scleractinia 123 species, 5359 observations and 39 localities), substantially enhanced by new field collections ( % of observations). We used Bayesian phylogenetic multilevel models to test for Rass' rule (a hypothesized negative relationship between egg size and temperature) we also included other environmental variables and life history traits. We also tested whether a trade‐off exists between egg size and fecundity in broadcast spawning hermaphroditic corals with horizontal symbiont transmission (HHT). We found a significant relationship between coral egg size and symbiont transmission. Eggs from coral species with vertical symbiont transmission were c . 18.8% smaller than those from species with horizontal symbiont transmission. We also found non‐significant relationships between egg size and sea surface temperature (SST) for broadcast spawning corals and between egg size and fecundity specifically for HHT species. Contrary to recognized latitudinal patterns of egg size across taxa, our study does not provide support for Rass' rule in corals. Additionally, our findings do not support a maternal investment trade‐off between egg size and fecundity for HHT species. Our study used a phylogenetic framework that should be a standard practice when studying interspecific variation, including investigation of maternal investment and identification of the influence of multiple predictors on larval fitness (egg size), in addition to trade‐offs affecting propagule influx (fecundity). Both these functional traits are vital and have direct consequences for population maintenance and connectivity in sessile organisms, such as corals.

Oxygen-dependent electron transport and protection from photoinhibition in leaves of tropical tree species

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-1996

DOI: 10.1007/BF00262645

Land tenure considerations are key to successful mangrove restoration

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-07-2019

DOI: 10.1038/S41559-019-0942-Y

CO2 Efflux from Shrimp Ponds in Indonesia

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 05-06-2013

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0066329

Assessing the risk of carbon dioxide emissions from blue carbon ecosystems

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 15-05-2017

DOI: 10.1002/FEE.1491

The impact of a locust plague on mangroves of the arid Western Australia coast

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 12-04-2012

DOI: 10.1017/S0266467412000041

Abstract: Mangroves generally grow in nutrient-poor environments and maintain high levels of productivity through unique adaptations for nutrient conservation (Reef et al . 2010). One such adaptation in mangroves is highly efficient resorption of limiting nutrients from senescing leaves prior to abscission (Feller et al . 2003). Thus processes that lead to loss of foliage prior to senescence and nutrient resorption (e.g. storms and herbivory) can be detrimental to tree growth and productivity (Bryant et al . 1983, May & Killingbeck 1992). Furthermore, decomposition of fallen leaves by soil microbial communities (Alongi 1994, Holguin et al . 2001) and crabs (Nagelkerken et al . 2008) is another important process contributing to the recycling of nutrients that are in short supply. Therefore, processes that lead to a substantial reduction in litterfall can have a strong negative effect on nutrient cycling and forest productivity. Mangroves have long been recognized as an important source of organic carbon (both particulate and dissolved) for the surrounding tropical coastal ecosystems (Bouillon et al . 2008, Kristensen et al . 2008). Thus, processes affecting litterfall in mangroves can affect the surrounding marine food webs.

The Coral Trait Database, a curated database of trait information for coral species from the global oceans

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-12-2016

DOI: 10.1038/SDATA.2017.174

Abstract: Scientific Data 3:160017 doi: 10.1038/sdata.2016.17 (2016) Published 29 March 2016 Updated 5 December 2017. The authors regret that Aaron Harmer was omitted in error from the author list of the original version of this Data Descriptor. This omission has now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions.

Variation in the elemental stoichiometry of the coral–zooxanthellae symbiosis

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 18-04-2020

DOI: 10.1007/S00338-020-01932-8

Correction: Global patterns in mangrove soil carbon stocks and losses (Nature Climate Change (2017) DOI: 10.1038/nclimate3326)

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 27-11-2018

DOI: 10.1038/S41558-017-0019-3

Global patterns in mangrove soil carbon stocks and losses

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 26-06-2017

DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE3326

Benthic meiofaunal community response to the cascading effects of herbivory within an algal halo system of the Great Barrier Reef

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 07-03-2018

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0193932

Adapting to climate change in south east Queensland, Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 28-11-2014

DOI: 10.1007/S10113-013-0505-8

Seagrass morphometrics at species level in Moreton Bay, Australia from 2012 to 2013

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-05-2017

DOI: 10.1038/SDATA.2017.60

Abstract: Seagrass above, below and total biomass, density and leaf area, length and width were quantified at a species level for 122 sites over three s ling periods in Moreton Bay, Australia. Core s les were collected in two regions: (1) a high water quality region with varying species assemblages and canopy complexity (98 sites) and (2) along a turbidity gradient in the bay (24 sites within four locations). Core s les were collected using a 15 cm diameter×20 cm long corer. Seagrass dry biomass per component was quantified per species present in each s le. A total of 220 biomass and density data records are included, 130 from the high water quality region and 90 from the turbidity gradient. These data provide a detailed assessment of biomass, density and leaf metrics per species s led from Moreton Bay over 2012–2013. In future, these can be used as a baseline to assess seasonal and spatial variation within the bay, within the region and among regions.

Fingerprinting Blue Carbon: Rationale and Tools to Determine the Source of Organic Carbon in Marine Depositional Environments

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 22-05-2019

DOI: 10.3389/FMARS.2019.00263

Drivers of global mangrove loss and gain in social-ecological systems

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 26-10-2022

DOI: 10.1038/S41467-022-33962-X

Abstract: Mangrove forests store high amounts of carbon, protect communities from storms, and support fisheries. Mangroves exist in complex social-ecological systems, hence identifying socioeconomic conditions associated with decreasing losses and increasing gains remains challenging albeit important. The impact of national governance and conservation policies on mangrove conservation at the landscape-scale has not been assessed to date, nor have the interactions with local economic pressures and biophysical drivers. Here, we assess the relationship between socioeconomic and biophysical variables and mangrove change across coastal geomorphic units worldwide from 1996 to 2016. Globally, we find that drivers of loss can also be drivers of gain, and that drivers have changed over 20 years. The association with economic growth appears to have reversed, shifting from negatively impacting mangroves in the first decade to enabling mangrove expansion in the second decade. Importantly, we find that community forestry is promoting mangrove expansion, whereas conversion to agriculture and aquaculture, often occurring in protected areas, results in high loss. Sustainable development, community forestry, and co-management of protected areas are promising strategies to reverse mangrove losses, increasing the capacity of mangroves to support human-livelihoods and combat climate change.

Spatial complexities in aboveground carbon stocks of a semi-arid mangrove community: A remote sensing height-biomass-carbon approach

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.ECSS.2017.11.004

Priority areas to protect mangroves and maximise ecosystem services

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 21-09-2023

DOI: 10.1038/S41467-023-41333-3

THE USE OF NEAR INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROMETRY FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF BROWN ALGAL TISSUE1

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 22-09-2010

DOI: 10.1111/J.1529-8817.2010.00890.X

Cross-cutting research themes for future mangrove forest research

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 14-10-2022

DOI: 10.1038/S41477-022-01245-4

Carbon sequestration by Australian tidal marshes

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-03-2017

DOI: 10.1038/SREP44071

Abstract: Australia’s tidal marshes have suffered significant losses but their recently recognised importance in CO 2 sequestration is creating opportunities for their protection and restoration. We compiled all available data on soil organic carbon (OC) storage in Australia’s tidal marshes (323 cores). OC stocks in the surface 1 m averaged 165.41 (SE 6.96) Mg OC ha −1 (range 14–963 Mg OC ha −1 ). The mean OC accumulation rate was 0.55 ± 0.02 Mg OC ha −1 yr −1 . Geomorphology was the most important predictor of OC stocks, with fluvial sites having twice the stock of OC as seaward sites. Australia’s 1.4 million hectares of tidal marshes contain an estimated 212 million tonnes of OC in the surface 1 m, with a potential CO 2 -equivalent value of $USD7.19 billion. Annual sequestration is 0.75 Tg OC yr −1 , with a CO 2 -equivalent value of $USD28.02 million per annum. This study provides the most comprehensive estimates of tidal marsh blue carbon in Australia, and illustrates their importance in climate change mitigation and adaptation, acting as CO 2 sinks and buffering the impacts of rising sea level. We outline potential further development of carbon offset schemes to restore the sequestration capacity and other ecosystem services provided by Australia tidal marshes.

The effects of nutrient availability on tolerance to herbivory in a brown seaweed

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-08-2011

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2745.2011.01874.X

Losses of Soil Organic Carbon with Deforestation in Mangroves of Madagascar

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-04-2020

DOI: 10.1007/S10021-020-00500-Z

Evaluating deep subsidence in a rapidly-accreting mangrove forest using GPS monitoring of surface-elevation benchmarks and sedimentary records

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.MARGEO.2016.04.015

Managing for change: Wetland transitions under sea-level rise and outcomes for threatened species

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 18-07-2011

DOI: 10.1111/J.1472-4642.2011.00807.X

Widespread retreat of coastal habitat is likely at warming levels above 1.5 °C

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 30-08-2023

DOI: 10.1038/S41586-023-06448-Z

Abstract: Several coastal ecosystems—most notably mangroves and tidal marshes—exhibit biogenic feedbacks that are facilitating adjustment to relative sea-level rise (RSLR), including the sequestration of carbon and the trapping of mineral sediment 1 . The stability of reef-top habitats under RSLR is similarly linked to reef-derived sediment accumulation and the vertical accretion of protective coral reefs 2 . The persistence of these ecosystems under high rates of RSLR is contested 3 . Here we show that the probability of vertical adjustment to RSLR inferred from palaeo-stratigraphic observations aligns with contemporary in situ survey measurements. A deficit between tidal marsh and mangrove adjustment and RSLR is likely at 4 mm yr −1 and highly likely at 7 mm yr −1 of RSLR. As rates of RSLR exceed 7 mm yr −1 , the probability that reef islands destabilize through increased shoreline erosion and wave over-topping increases. Increased global warming from 1.5 °C to 2.0 °C would double the area of mapped tidal marsh exposed to 4 mm yr −1 of RSLR by between 2080 and 2100. With 3 °C of warming, nearly all the world’s mangrove forests and coral reef islands and almost 40% of mapped tidal marshes are estimated to be exposed to RSLR of at least 7 mm yr −1 . Meeting the Paris agreement targets would minimize disruption to coastal ecosystems.

Oxygen Consumption and Sulfate Reduction in Vegetated Coastal Habitats: Effects of Physical Disturbance

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 02-2019

DOI: 10.3389/FMARS.2019.00014

Reconciling Development and Conservation under Coastal Squeeze from Rising Sea Level

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 17-12-2015

DOI: 10.1111/CONL.12213

Global patterns of tree stem growth and stand aboveground wood production in mangrove forests

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.FORECO.2019.04.045

Effects of elevated CO₂ concentrations on photosynthesis, growth and reproduction of branches of the tropical canopy tree species, Luehea seemannii Tr. & Planch.

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 1999

DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-3040.1999.00370.X

Nutrient enrichment intensifies hurricane impact in scrub mangrove ecosystems in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-2015

DOI: 10.1890/14-1853.1

Abstract: Mangroves are an ecological assemblage of trees and shrubs adapted to grow in intertidal environments along tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate coasts. Despite repeated demonstrations of their ecologic and economic value, multiple stressors including nutrient over-enrichment threaten these and other coastal wetlands globally. These ecosystems will be further stressed if tropical storm intensity and frequency increase in response to global climate changes. These stressors will likely interact, but the outcome of that interaction is uncertain. Here, we examined potential interaction between nutrient over-enrichment and the September 2004 hurricanes. Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne made landfall along Florida's Indian River Lagoon and caused extensive damage to a long-term fertilization experiment in a mangrove forest, which previously revealed that productivity was nitrogen (N) limited across the forest and, in particular, that N enrichment dramatically increased growth rates and aboveground biomass of stunted Avicennia germinans trees in the interior scrub zone. During the hurricanes, these trees experienced significant defoliation with three to four times greater reduction in leaf area index (LAI) than control trees. Over the long-term, the +N scrub trees took four years to recover compared to two years for controls. In the adjacent fringe and transition zones, LAI was reduced by > 70%, but with no differences based on zone or fertilization treatment. Despite continued delayed mortality for at least five years after the storms, LAI in the fringe and transition returned to pre-hurricane conditions in two years. Thus, nutrient over-enrichment of the coastal zone will increase the productivity of scrub mangroves, which dominate much of the mangrove landscape in Florida and the Caribbean however, that benefit is offset by a decrease in their resistance and resilience to hurricane damage that has the potential to destabilize the system.

Dimensions of Blue Carbon and emerging perspectives

Publisher: The Royal Society

Date: 03-2019

DOI: 10.1098/RSBL.2018.0781

Abstract: Blue Carbon is a term coined in 2009 to draw attention to the degradation of marine and coastal ecosystems and the need to conserve and restore them to mitigate climate change and for the other ecosystem services they provide. Blue Carbon has multiple meanings, which we aim to clarify here, which reflect the original descriptions of the concept including (1) all organic matter captured by marine organisms, and (2) how marine ecosystems could be managed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and thereby contribute to climate change mitigation and conservation. The multifaceted nature of the Blue Carbon concept has led to unprecedented collaboration across disciplines, where scientists, conservationists and policy makers have interacted intensely to advance shared goals. Some coastal ecosystems (mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrass) are established Blue Carbon ecosystems as they often have high carbon stocks, support long-term carbon storage, offer the potential to manage greenhouse gas emissions and support other adaptation policies. Some marine ecosystems do not meet key criteria for inclusion within the Blue Carbon framework (e.g. fish, bivalves and coral reefs). Others have gaps in scientific understanding of carbon stocks or greenhouse gas fluxes, or currently there is limited potential for management or accounting for carbon sequestration (macroalgae and phytoplankton), but may be considered Blue Carbon ecosystems in the future, once these gaps are addressed.

Soil Structure and Its Relationship to Shallow Soil Subsidence in Coastal Wetlands

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-11-2019

DOI: 10.1007/S12237-019-00659-2

Long-term versus daily stem diameter variation in co-occurring mangrove species: Environmental versus ecophysiological drivers

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2014.03.002

Effect of geomorphological setting and rainfall on nutrient exchange in mangroves during tidal inundation

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2010

DOI: 10.1071/MF10013

Abstract: One of the key ecosystem services provided by mangroves is their role in mediating nutrient exchange, thereby protecting coastal ecosystems from negative impacts of nutrient enrichment. In this study, we tested whether geomorphological setting and level of rainfall affect the intensity and direction of nutrient exchange. Our hypotheses were that tidal mangroves retain more nutrients than riverine mangroves and that nutrient retention is stronger during periods of high rainfall. Concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), nitrogen oxides (NOx–-N) and ammonium (NH4+) were measured from water entering and leaving the mangroves during tidal cycles. Our results show that nutrient concentrations were higher in the flood tide compared with the ebb tide by up to 28% for NOx–-N, 51% for SRP and 83% for NH4+, suggesting retention by the mangroves. Geomorphological setting determined nutrient exchange to some extent, with some riverine sites receiving more nutrients than tidal sites and thus, being more important in nutrient retention. Rainfall was important in determining nutrient exchange as it enhanced SRP and NH4+ retention. These results show that mangroves can improve water quality of creeks and rivers, and underscore the need for conservation of mangroves over a range of geomorphological settings.

Testing the Growth Rate vs. Geochemical Hypothesis for latitudinal variation in plant nutrients

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 10-10-2007

DOI: 10.1111/J.1461-0248.2007.01112.X

Abstract: Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain increases in plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations with latitude: (i) geochemical limitation to P availability in the tropics and (ii) temperature driven variation in growth rate, where greater growth rates (requiring greater nutrient levels) are needed to complete growth and reproduction within shorter growing seasons in temperate than tropical climates. These two hypotheses were assessed in one forest type, intertidal mangroves, using fertilized plots at sites between latitudes 36 masculine S and 27 masculine N. The N and P concentrations in mangrove leaf tissue increased with latitude, but there were no trends in N : P ratios. Growth rates of trees, adjusted for average minimum temperature showed a significant increase with latitude supporting the Growth Rate Hypothesis. However, support for the Geochemical Hypothesis was also strong both photosynthetic P use efficiency and nutrient resorption efficiency decreased with increasing latitude, indicating that P was less limiting to metabolism at the higher latitudes. Our study supports the hypothesis that historically low P availability in the tropics has been an important selective pressure shaping the evolution of plant traits.

Effects of Elevated CO₂ and Defoliation on Compensatory Growth and Photosynthesis of Seedlings in a Tropical Tree, Copaifera aromatica¹

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-1999

DOI: 10.1111/J.1744-7429.1999.TB00139.X

The use of fresh and saline water sources by the mangrove Avicennia marina

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-11-2015

DOI: 10.1007/S10750-014-2091-2

Photosynthetic characteristics of dwarf and fringe Rhizophora mangle L. in a Belizean mangrove

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-04-2004

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3040.2004.01181.X

Variable Impacts of Climate Change on Blue Carbon

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.ONEEAR.2020.07.010

Isotopic signatures of stem water reveal differences in water sources accessed by mangrove tree species

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-03-2017

DOI: 10.1007/S10750-017-3149-8

Reconsidering Ocean Calamities

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 25-12-2014

DOI: 10.1093/BIOSCI/BIU198

Responses of model communities of two tropical tree species to elevated atmospheric CO2 : growth on unfertilized soil

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2000

DOI: 10.1016/S0367-2530(17)30988-X

Latitudinal Patterns of Herbivory in Mangrove Forests: Consequences of Nutrient Over-Enrichment

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 19-06-2013

DOI: 10.1007/S10021-013-9678-8

Harvesting water from unsaturated atmospheres: deliquescence of salt secreted onto leaf surfaces drives reverse sap flow in a dominant arid climate mangrove, Avicennia marina

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-06-2021

DOI: 10.1111/NPH.17461

Abstract: The mangrove Avicennia marina adjusts internal salt concentrations by foliar salt secretion. Deliquescence of accumulated salt causes leaf wetting that may provide a water source for salt‐secreting plants in arid coastal wetlands where high nocturnal humidity can usually support deliquescence whereas rainfall events are rare. We tested the hypotheses that salt deliquescence on leaf surfaces can drive top‐down rehydration, and that such absorption of moisture from unsaturated atmospheres makes a functional contribution to dry season shoot water balances. Sap flow and water relations were monitored to assess the uptake of atmospheric water by branches during shoot wetting events under natural and manipulated microclimatic conditions. Reverse sap flow rates increased with increasing relative humidity from 70% to 89%, consistent with function of salt deliquescence in harvesting moisture from unsaturated atmospheres. Top‐down rehydration elevated branch water potentials above those possible from root water uptake, subsidising transpiration rates and reducing branch vulnerability to hydraulic failure in the subsequent photoperiod. Absorption of atmospheric moisture harvested through deliquescence of salt on leaf surfaces enhances water balances of Avicennia marina growing in hypersaline wetlands under arid climatic conditions. Top‐down rehydration from these frequent, low intensity wetting events contributes to prevention of carbon starvation and hydraulic failure during drought.

Opportunities for blue carbon restoration projects in degraded agricultural land of the coastal zone in Queensland, Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 18-02-2023

DOI: 10.1007/S10113-022-02013-Y

Abstract: Restoring degraded agricultural lands to their original coastal wetland cover is an approach for enhancing blue carbon storage. This approach enhances carbon sequestration in biomass and soils whilst reducing greenhouse gas emissions and delivering other conservation benefits such as enhancing bio ersity, improving water quality, and protecting coastlines from sea level rise. In Queensland, Australia, tens of thousands of hectares of coastal land have been converted to agriculture since the 1900s, often through drainage. We evaluated the characteristics of degraded agricultural land to identify opportunities for blue carbon restoration projects. Degraded agricultural land was identified through visual inspection of satellite imagery. Our analysis revealed degradation was associated with historical Melaleuca- dominated wetland vegetation and current land uses other than intensive agriculture. Field s ling of a subset of paired degraded and non-degraded sites found that water content, organic carbon, and electrical conductivity were significantly higher at degraded sites. We also observed standing water, drainage structures, and dead trees at degraded sites. From our analyses, we inferred land degradation is likely caused by waterlogging, salinisation, and land management choices. Degraded land historically vegetated by Melaleuca -dominated wetlands could be targeted for blue carbon restoration projects that protect remaining soil carbon and enhance carbon storage, restore ecosystem services, and provide new income streams for landowners. Further characterisation of the distribution of degraded lands may contribute to prioritisation of sites suitable for restoration.

Groundwater enhances above‐ground growth in mangroves

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 04-12-2018

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13105

Modeled CO2 Emissions from Coastal Wetland Transitions to Other Land Uses: Tidal Marshes, Mangrove Forests, and Seagrass Beds

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 15-05-2017

DOI: 10.3389/FMARS.2017.00143

Mangrove‐forest evolution in a sediment‐rich estuarine system: opportunists or agents of geomorphic change?

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 14-07-2015

DOI: 10.1002/ESP.3759

Costs and Opportunities for Preserving Coastal Wetlands under Sea Level Rise

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 15-04-2017

DOI: 10.1111/CONL.12239

The cost and feasibility of marine coastal restoration

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-2016

DOI: 10.1890/15-1077

Abstract: Land-use change in the coastal zone has led to worldwide degradation of marine coastal ecosystems and a loss of the goods and services they provide. Restoration is the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed and is critical for habitats where natural recovery is hindered. Uncertainties about restoration cost and feasibility can impede decisions on whether, what, how, where, and how much to restore. Here, we perform a synthesis of 235 studies with 954 observations from restoration or rehabilitation projects of coral reefs, seagrass, mangroves, salt-marshes, and oyster reefs worldwide, and evaluate cost, survival of restored organisms, project duration, area, and techniques applied. Findings showed that while the median and average reported costs for restoration of one hectare of marine coastal habitat were around US$80000 (2010) and US$1600000 (2010), respectively, the real total costs (median) are likely to be two to four times higher. Coral reefs and seagrass were among the most expensive ecosystems to restore. Mangrove restoration projects were typically the largest and the least expensive per hectare. Most marine coastal restoration projects were conducted in Australia, Europe, and USA, while total restoration costs were significantly (up to 30 times) cheaper in countries with developing economies. Community- or volunteer-based marine restoration projects usually have lower costs. Median survival of restored marine and coastal organisms, often assessed only within the first one to two years after restoration, was highest for saltmarshes (64.8%) and coral reefs (64.5%) and lowest for seagrass (38.0%). However, success rates reported in the scientific literature could be biased towards publishing successes rather than failures. The majority of restoration projects were short-lived and seldom reported monitoring costs. Restoration success depended primarily on the ecosystem, site selection, and techniques applied rather than on money spent. We need enhanced investment in both improving restoration practices and large-scale restoration.

Indonesia’s blue carbon: a globally significant and vulnerable sink for seagrass and mangrove carbon

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 28-07-2015

DOI: 10.1007/S11273-015-9446-Y

Variable nutrient stoichiometry (carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus) across trophic levels determines community and ecosystem properties in an oligotrophic mangrove system

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 18-07-2015

DOI: 10.1007/S00442-015-3379-2

Abstract: Our study investigated the carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry of mangrove island of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef (Twin Cays, Belize). The C:N:P of abiotic and biotic components of this oligotrophic ecosystem was measured and served to build networks of nutrient flows for three distinct mangrove forest zones (tall seaward fringing forest, inland dwarf forests and a transitional zone). Between forest zones, the stoichiometry of primary producers, heterotrophs and abiotic components did not change significantly, but there was a significant difference in C:N:P, and C, N, and P biomass, between the functional groups mangrove trees, other primary producers, heterotrophs, and abiotic components. C:N:P decreased with increasing trophic level. Nutrient recycling in the food webs was highest for P, and high transfer efficiencies between trophic levels of P and N also indicated an overall shortage of these nutrients when compared to C. Heterotrophs were sometimes, but not always, limited by the same nutrient as the primary producers. Mangrove trees and the primary tree consumers were P limited, whereas the invertebrates consuming leaf litter and detritus were N limited. Most compartments were limited by P or N (not by C), and the relative depletion rate of food sources was fastest for P. P transfers thus constituted a bottleneck of nutrient transfer on Twin Cays. This is the first comprehensive ecosystem study of nutrient transfers in a mangrove ecosystem, illustrating some mechanisms (e.g. recycling rates, transfer efficiencies) which oligotrophic systems use in order to build up biomass and food webs spanning various trophic levels.

Comparison of sediment-plate methods to measure accretion rates in an estuarine mangrove forest (New Zealand)

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.ECSS.2020.106642

Sediment Processes and Mangrove-Habitat Expansion on a Rapidly-Prograding Muddy Coast, New Zealand

Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers

Date: 11-05-2007

DOI: 10.1061/40926(239)111

Australian vegetated coastal ecosystems as global hotspots for climate change mitigation

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 02-10-2019

DOI: 10.1038/S41467-019-12176-8

Abstract: Policies aiming to preserve vegetated coastal ecosystems (VCE tidal marshes, mangroves and seagrasses) to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions require national assessments of blue carbon resources. Here, we present organic carbon (C) storage in VCE across Australian climate regions and estimate potential annual CO 2 emission benefits of VCE conservation and restoration. Australia contributes 5–11% of the C stored in VCE globally (70–185 Tg C in aboveground biomass, and 1,055–1,540 Tg C in the upper 1 m of soils). Potential CO 2 emissions from current VCE losses are estimated at 2.1–3.1 Tg CO 2 -e yr -1 , increasing annual CO 2 emissions from land use change in Australia by 12–21%. This assessment, the most comprehensive for any nation to-date, demonstrates the potential of conservation and restoration of VCE to underpin national policy development for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Influence of solar radiation and leaf angle on leaf xanthophyll concentrations in mangroves

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-1992

DOI: 10.1007/BF00650325

High-resolution mapping of losses and gains of Earth's tidal wetlands.

Publisher: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Date: 2022

DOI: 10.17863/CAM.84669

Author Correction: Rebuilding marine life

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 16-04-2021

DOI: 10.1038/S41586-021-03271-2

Erratum: Growth Responses to Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Elevated CO 2 in Seedlings of a Tropical Tree, Beilschmiedia pendula

Publisher: JSTOR

Date: 12-1996

DOI: 10.2307/2390514

Factors affecting tolerance to herbivory in a calcifying alga on coral reefs

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 02-2017

DOI: 10.1007/S00227-016-3062-0

Photoinhibition of photosynthesis on a coral reef

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 07-1996

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3040.1996.TB00419.X

Seagrass meadows as a globally significant carbonate reservoir

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Date: 24-08-2015

DOI: 10.5194/BG-12-4993-2015

Abstract: Abstract. There has been growing interest in quantifying the capacity of seagrass ecosystems to act as carbon sinks as a natural way of offsetting anthropogenic carbon emissions to the atmosphere. However, most of the efforts have focused on the particulate organic carbon (POC) stocks and accumulation rates and ignored the particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) fraction, despite important carbonate pools associated with calcifying organisms inhabiting the meadows, such as epiphytes and benthic invertebrates, and despite the relevance that carbonate precipitation and dissolution processes have in the global carbon cycle. This study offers the first assessment of the global PIC stocks in seagrass sediments using a synthesis of published and unpublished data on sediment carbonate concentration from 403 vegetated and 34 adjacent un-vegetated sites. PIC stocks in the top 1 m of sediment ranged between 3 and 1660 Mg PIC ha−1, with an average of 654 ± 24 Mg PIC ha−1, exceeding those of POC reported in previous studies by about a factor of 5. Sedimentary carbonate stocks varied across seagrass communities, with meadows dominated by Halodule, Thalassia or Cymodocea supporting the highest PIC stocks, and tended to decrease polewards at a rate of −8 ± 2 Mg PIC ha−1 per degree of latitude (general linear model, GLM p 0.0003). Using PIC concentrations and estimates of sediment accretion in seagrass meadows, the mean PIC accumulation rate in seagrass sediments is found to be 126.3 ± 31.05 g PIC m−2 yr−1. Based on the global extent of seagrass meadows (177 000 to 600 000 km2), these ecosystems globally store between 11 and 39 Pg of PIC in the top metre of sediment and accumulate between 22 and 75 Tg PIC yr−1, representing a significant contribution to the carbonate dynamics of coastal areas. Despite the fact that these high rates of carbonate accumulation imply CO2 emissions from precipitation, seagrass meadows are still strong CO2 sinks as demonstrated by the comparison of carbon (PIC and POC) stocks between vegetated and adjacent un-vegetated sediments.

Soil stocks of glomalin produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi across a tropical rain forest landscape

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 23-03-2004

DOI: 10.1111/J.0022-0477.2004.00855.X

Mangrove mortality in a changing climate: An overview

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.ECSS.2018.10.011

Reversible Photoinhibition in Antarctic Moss during Freezing and Thawing

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 11-1995

DOI: 10.1104/PP.109.3.955

Abstract: Tolerance of antarctic moss to freezing and thawing stress was investigated using chlorophyll a fluorescence. Freezing in darkness caused reductions in Fv/Fm (ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence) and Fo (initial fluorescence) that were reversible upon thawing. Reductions in Fv/Fm and Fo during freezing in darkness indicate a reduction in the potential efficiency of photosystem II that may be due to conformational changes in pigment-protein complexes due to desiccation associated with freezing. The absorption of light during freezing further reduced Fv/Fm and Fo but was also reversible. Using dithiothreitol (DTT), which inhibits the formation of the carotenoid zeaxanthin, we found reduced flurorescence quenching during freezing and reduced concentrations of zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin after freezing in DTT-treated moss. Reduced concentrations of zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin in DTT-treated moss were partially associated with reductions in nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching. The reversible photoinhibition observed in antarctic moss during freezing indicates the existence of processes that protect from photoinhibitory damage in environments where freezing temperatures occur in conjunction with high solar radiation levels. These processes may limit the need for repair cycles that require temperatures favorable for enzyme activity.

Regional variation in δ¹³C of coral reef macroalgae

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 04-05-2020

DOI: 10.1002/LNO.11453

Modelling blue carbon farming opportunities at different spatial scales

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2022

DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2021.113813

Abstract: There is a growing interest in including blue carbon ecosystems (i.e., mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrasses) in climate mitigation programs in national and sub-national policies, with restoration and conservation of these ecosystems identified as potential activities to increase carbon accumulation through time. However, there is still a gap on the spatial scales needed to produce carbon offsets comparable with terrestrial or agricultural ecosystems. Here, we used the Coastal Blue Carbon InVEST 3.7.0 model to estimate future net carbon sequestration in blue carbon ecosystems along Australia's Great Barrier Reef (hereafter GBR) catchments, considering different management scenarios (i.e., reintroduction of tidal exchange through the removal of barriers, sea level rise, restoring low lying land) at three different spatial scales: whole GBR coastline, regional (14,000-16,300 ha), and local (335-370 ha) scales. The focus of the restoration (i.e., tidal marshes and/or mangroves) was dependent on data availability for each scenario. Furthermore, we also estimated the monetary value of carbon sequestration under each management scenario and spatial scale assessed in the study. We found that large scale restoration of tidal marshes could potentially sequester an additional ∼800,000 tonnes of CO

The Role of Surface and Subsurface Processes in Keeping Pace with Sea Level Rise in Intertidal Wetlands of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 13-05-2011

DOI: 10.1007/S10021-011-9443-9

Vegetation and soil characteristics as indicators of restoration trajectories in restored mangroves

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 07-08-2013

DOI: 10.1007/S10750-013-1617-3

Intense storms and the delivery of materials that relieve nutrient limitations in mangroves of an arid zone estuary

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2020

DOI: 10.1071/FP11027

Abstract: Tropical cyclones can be devastating to ecosystems, but they can also result in pulses of fresh water and sediments delivered in floodwaters to the coastal zone. In the arid zone the pulses provided by cyclones may be particularly important for the maintenance of productivity. We examined the impacts of Cyclone Pancho on growth and nutrient limitations to growth in mangroves on the arid coast of Western Australia. We found that growth of trees was enhanced after the cyclone, more than doubling their rates of stem extension. Fertilisation studies showed that before the cyclone tree growth was nutrient limited. After the cyclone fertilisation treatments had no significant effect on growth, indicating nutrients had been delivered during the storm. Additionally, before the cyclone the efficiency of resorption of phosphorus and nitrogen from senescent leaves was higher than after the cyclone, suggesting that nutrient availability was enhanced. Analysis of stable isotopes of leaf tissue indicated that the cyclone was associated with small changes in water use efficiency, consistent with decreased soil salinity associated with the cyclone. There was, however, significant reductions in δ15N indicating enhanced N supply potentially from a new source. We conclude that in the arid zone, floodwater associated with cyclones is important for the delivery of nutrient subsidies that stimulate mangrove growth and that predicted future reductions in the frequency of cyclones will have negative impacts on the productivity of these ecosystems.

Reconstructing extreme climatic and geochemical conditions during the largest natural mangrove dieback on record

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Date: 28-09-2020

DOI: 10.5194/BG-17-4707-2020

Abstract: Abstract. A massive mangrove dieback event occurred in 2015–2016 along ∼1000 km of pristine coastline in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. Here, we use sediment and wood chronologies to gain insights into geochemical and climatic changes related to this dieback. The unique combination of low rainfall and low sea level observed during the dieback event had been unprecedented in the preceding 3 decades. A combination of iron (Fe) chronologies in wood and sediment, wood density and estimates of mangrove water use efficiency all imply lower water availability within the dead mangrove forest. Wood and sediment chronologies suggest a rapid, large mobilization of sedimentary Fe, which is consistent with redox transitions promoted by changes in soil moisture content. Elemental analysis of wood cross sections revealed a 30- to 90-fold increase in Fe concentrations in dead mangroves just prior to their mortality. Mangrove wood uptake of Fe during the dieback is consistent with large apparent losses of Fe from sediments, which potentially caused an outwelling of Fe to the ocean. Although Fe toxicity may also have played a role in the dieback, this possibility requires further study. We suggest that differences in wood and sedimentary Fe between living and dead forest areas reflect sediment redox transitions that are, in turn, associated with regional variability in groundwater flows. Overall, our observations provide multiple lines of evidence that the forest dieback was driven by low water availability coinciding with a strong El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event and was associated with climate change.

How mangrove forests adjust to rising sea level

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 19-11-2014

DOI: 10.1111/NPH.12605

Abstract: Mangroves are among the most well described and widely studied wetland communities in the world. The greatest threats to mangrove persistence are deforestation and other anthropogenic disturbances that can compromise habitat stability and resilience to sea‐level rise. To persist, mangrove ecosystems must adjust to rising sea level by building vertically or become submerged. Mangroves may directly or indirectly influence soil accretion processes through the production and accumulation of organic matter, as well as the trapping and retention of mineral sediment. In this review, we provide a general overview of research on mangrove elevation dynamics, emphasizing the role of the vegetation in maintaining soil surface elevations (i.e. position of the soil surface in the vertical plane). We summarize the primary ways in which mangroves may influence sediment accretion and vertical land development, for ex le, through root contributions to soil volume and upward expansion of the soil surface. We also examine how hydrological, geomorphological and climatic processes may interact with plant processes to influence mangrove capacity to keep pace with rising sea level. We draw on a variety of studies to describe the important, and often under‐appreciated, role that plants play in shaping the trajectory of an ecosystem undergoing change. Contents Summary 19 I. Introduction 19 II. Important characteristics of mangrove ecosystems 20 III. Patterns of elevation change in mangroves 20 IV. Biological influences on accretion and elevation change 21 V. Factors affecting root contributions to vertical soil development 26 VI. Some potential climatic and environmental feedbacks 29 VII. Perspectives 30 Acknowledgements 31 References 31

Desiccation tolerance of three moss species from continental Antarctica

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2000

DOI: 10.1071/PP99133

Abstract: Tolerance of desiccation was examined in three species of moss, Grimmia antarctici Card., Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. and Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) Gaertn., Meyer et Scherb. collected from two sites of contrasting water availability in the Windmill Islands, continental Antarctica. Physiological tolerance to desiccation was measured using chlorophyll fluorescence in plugs of moss during natural drying in the laboratory. Differences in relative water content, rate of drying and the response of photosynthesis to desiccation were observed among the three species and between sites. Of the three species studied, G. antarctici showed the lowest capacity to sustain photosynthetic processes during desiccation, B. pseudotriquetrum had an intermediate response and showed the greatest plasticity and C. purpureus showed the greatest capacity to sustain photosynthesis during desiccation. These results fit well with the known distribution of the three species with G. antarctici being limited to relatively wet sites, C. purpureus being common in the driest sites and B. pseudotriquetrum showing a wide distribution between these two extremes. Levels of soluble carbohydrates were also measured in these s les following desiccation and these indicate the presence of stachyose, an oligosaccharide known to be important in desiccation tolerance in seeds, in B. pseudotriquetrum. Both gross morphology and carbohydrate content are likely to contribute to differences in desiccation tolerance of the moss species. These results indicate that if the Casey region continues to dry out, as a result of local geological uplifting or global climate change, we would expect to see not only reductions in the moss community but also changes in community composition. G. antarctici is likely to become more limited in distribution as C. purpureus and B. pseudotriquetrum expand into drying areas.

The roots of blue carbon: responses of mangrove stilt roots to variation in soil bulk density

Publisher: The Royal Society

Date: 04-2019

DOI: 10.1098/RSBL.2018.0866

Abstract: Mangroves harbour large soil organic carbon (C) pools. These C stocks are attributed to the production and slow decomposition of the below-ground biomass. Novel in-growth containers were used to assess the effect of soil bulk density (BD: 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 g cm −3 ) on morphological, anatomical and chemical traits of the below-ground fraction of aerial roots of the mangrove Rhizophora stylosa . Dense soils increased total root biomass and primary root diameter, while the primary root length decreased. Furthermore, high soil BD reduced aerenchyma lacunae and led to the formation of structural features such as fibrous strands. These morphological and anatomical changes were not reflected in tissue chemistry, with lignin levels averaging 17.0 ± 0.6%, although roots grown in high BD had higher nitrogen levels. This likely affects decomposition rates. Thus, variation in soil BD has major implications for C sequestration in Rhizophora- dominated mangroves.

Co2 efflux from cleared mangrove peat

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 29-06-2011

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0021279

HETEROGENEITY IN INOCULUM POTENTIAL AND EFFECTIVENESS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-2002

DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[0823:HIIPAE]2.0.CO;2

Predators Shape Sedimentary Organic Carbon Storage in a Coral Reef Ecosystem

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 03-08-2018

DOI: 10.3389/FEVO.2018.00110

Spatial cost–benefit analysis of blue restoration and factors driving net benefits globally

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 15-06-2021

DOI: 10.1111/COBI.13742

Abstract: Marine coastal ecosystems, commonly referred to as blue ecosystems, provide valuable services to society but are under increasing threat worldwide due to a variety of drivers, including eutrophication, development, land‐use change, land reclamation, and climate change. Ecological restoration is sometimes necessary to facilitate recovery in coastal ecosystems. Blue restoration (i.e., in marine coastal systems) is a developing field, and projects to date have been small scale and expensive, leading to the perception that restoration may not be economically viable. We conducted a global cost–benefit analysis to determine the net benefits of restoring coral reef, mangrove, saltmarsh, and seagrass ecosystems, where the benefit is defined as the monetary value of ecosystem services. We estimated costs from published restoration case studies and used an adjusted‐value‐transfer method to assign benefit values to these case studies. Benefit values were estimated as the monetary value provided by ecosystem services of the restored habitats. Benefits outweighed costs (i.e., there were positive net benefits) for restoration of all blue ecosystems. Mean benefit:cost ratios for ecosystem restoration were eight to 10 times higher than prior studies of coral reef and seagrass restoration, most likely due to the more recent lower cost estimates we used. Among ecosystems, saltmarsh had the greatest net benefits followed by mangrove coral reef and seagrass ecosystems had lower net benefits. In general, restoration in nations with middle incomes had higher (eight times higher in coral reefs and 40 times higher in mangroves) net benefits than those with high incomes. Within an ecosystem type, net benefit varied with restoration technique (coral reef and saltmarsh), ecosystem service produced (mangrove and saltmarsh), and project duration (seagrass). These results challenge the perceptions of the low economic viability of blue restoration and should encourage further targeted investment in this field.

Vertical accretion and carbon burial rates in subtropical seagrass meadows increased following anthropogenic pressure from European colonisation

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.ECSS.2017.12.006

Using eDNA to determine the source of organic carbon in seagrass meadows

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 30-03-2017

DOI: 10.1002/LNO.10499

Nutrition of mangroves

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 21-06-2010

DOI: 10.1093/TREEPHYS/TPQ048

Abstract: Mangrove forests dominate the world's tropical and subtropical coastlines. Similar to other plant communities, nutrient availability is one of the major factors influencing mangrove forest structure and productivity. Many mangrove soils have extremely low nutrient availability, although nutrient availability can vary greatly among and within mangrove forests. Nutrient-conserving processes in mangroves are well developed and include evergreeness, resorption of nutrients prior to leaf fall, the immobilization of nutrients in leaf litter during decomposition, high root/shoot ratios and the repeated use of old root channels. Both nitrogen-use efficiency and nutrient resorption efficiencies in mangroves are amongst the highest recorded for angiosperms. A complex range of interacting abiotic and biotic factors controls the availability of nutrients to mangrove trees, and mangroves are characteristically plastic in their ability to opportunistically utilize nutrients when these become available. Nitrogen and phosphorus have been implicated as the nutrients most likely to limit growth in mangroves. Ammonium is the primary form of nitrogen in mangrove soils, in part as a result of anoxic soil conditions, and tree growth is supported mainly by ammonium uptake. Nutrient enrichment is a major threat to marine ecosystems. Although mangroves have been proposed to protect the marine environment from land-derived nutrient pollution, nutrient enrichment can have negative consequences for mangrove forests and their capacity for retention of nutrients may be limited.

Priority areas to protect mangroves and maximise ecosystem services

Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC

Date: 23-09-2022

DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2048619/V1

Abstract: Anthropogenic activities threaten global bio ersity and ecosystem services. Yet, area-based conservation efforts typically target bio ersity protection whilst minimising conflict with economic activities, failing to consider ecosystem services. Here we identify priority areas that maximise both the protection of mangrove bio ersity and their ecosystem services. We reveal that despite 13.1% of the mangrove distribution being currently protected, all mangrove species are not adequately represented and many areas that provide disproportionally large ecosystem services are missed. Optimising the placement of future conservation efforts to protect 30% of global mangroves potentially safeguards an additional 16.2 billion USD of coastal property value, 6.2 million people, 1,187.9 Mt C, and 51.7 million fisher days yr − 1 . Our findings suggest that there is a pressing need for including ecosystem services in protected area design and that strategic prioritisation and coordination of mangrove conservation could provide substantial benefits to human wellbeing.

Climate change mitigation and improvement of water quality from the restoration of a subtropical coastal wetland

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 23-05-2022

DOI: 10.1002/EAP.2620

Abstract: Coastal wetland restoration is an important activity to achieve greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets, improve water quality, and reach the Sustainable Development Goals. However, many uncertainties remain in connection with achieving, measuring, and reporting success from coastal wetland restoration. We measured levels of carbon (C) abatement and nitrogen (N) removal potential of restored coastal wetlands in subtropical Queensland, Australia. The site was originally a supratidal forest composed of Melaleuca spp. that was cleared and drained in the 1990s for sugarcane production. In 2010, tidal inundation was reinstated, and a mosaic of coastal vegetation (saltmarshes, mangroves, and supratidal forests) emerged. We measured soil GHG fluxes (CH 4 , N 2 O, CO 2 ) and sequestration of organic C in the trees and soil to estimate the net C abatement associated with the reference, converted, and restored sites. To assess the influence of restoration on water quality improvement, we measured denitrification and soil N accumulation. We calculated C abatement of 18.5 Mg CO 2−eq ha −1 year −1 when sugarcane land transitioned to supratidal forests, 11.0 Mg CO 2−eq ha −1 year −1 when the land transitioned to mangroves, and 6.2 Mg CO 2−eq ha −1 year −1 when the land transitioned to saltmarshes. The C abatement was due to tree growth, soil accumulation, and reduced N 2 O emissions due to the cessation of fertilization. Carbon abatement was still positive, even accounting for CH 4 emissions, which increased in the wetlands due to flooding and N 2 O production due to enhanced levels of denitrification. Coastal wetland restoration in this subtropical setting effectively reduces CO 2 emissions while providing additional cobenefits, notably water quality improvement.

Sensitivity of dissolved organic carbon exchange and sediment bacteria to water quality in mangrove forests

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 27-03-2012

DOI: 10.1007/S10750-012-1071-7

Importance of mangrove plantations for climate change mitigation in Bangladesh

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 20-03-2023

DOI: 10.1111/GCB.16674

Abstract: Mangroves have been identified as blue carbon ecosystems that are natural carbon sinks. In Bangladesh, the establishment of mangrove plantations for coastal protection has occurred since the 1960s, but the plantations may also be a sustainable pathway to enhance carbon sequestration, which can help Bangladesh meet its greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets, contributing to climate change mitigation. As a part of its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement 2016, Bangladesh is committed to limiting the GHG emissions through the expansion of mangrove plantations, but the level of carbon removal that could be achieved through the establishment of plantations has not yet been estimated. The mean ecosystem carbon stock of 5–42 years aged (average age: 25.5 years) mangrove plantations was 190.1 (±30.3) Mg C ha −1 , with ecosystem carbon stocks varying regionally. The biomass carbon stock was 60.3 (±5.6) Mg C ha −1 and the soil carbon stock was 129.8 (±24.8) Mg C ha −1 in the top 1 m of which 43.9 Mg C ha −1 was added to the soil after plantation establishment. Plantations at age 5 to 42 years achieved 52% of the mean ecosystem carbon stock calculated for the reference site (Sundarbans natural mangroves). Since 1966, the 28,000 ha of established plantations to the east of the Sundarbans have accumulated approximately 76,607 Mg C year −1 sequestration in biomass and 37,542 Mg C year −1 sequestration in soils, totaling 114,149 Mg C year −1 . Continuation of the current plantation success rate would sequester an additional 664,850 Mg C by 2030, which is 4.4% of Bangladesh's 2030 GHG reduction target from all sectors described in its NDC, however, plantations for climate change mitigation would be most effective 20 years after establishment. Higher levels of investment in mangrove plantations and higher plantation establishment success could contribute up to 2,098,093 Mg C to blue carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation in Bangladesh by 2030.

Links between tree species, symbiotic fungal diversity and ecosystem functioning in simplified tropical ecosystems

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 16-03-2005

DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2005.01402.X

Abstract: We studied the relationships among plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal ersity, and their effects on ecosystem function, in a series of replicate tropical forestry plots in the La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Forestry plots were 12 yr old and were either monocultures of three tree species, or polycultures of the tree species with two additional understory species. Relationships among the AM fungal spore community, host species, plant community ersity and ecosystem phosphorus-use efficiency (PUE) and net primary productivity (NPP) were assessed. Analysis of the relative abundance of AM fungal spores found that host tree species had a significant effect on the AM fungal community, as did host plant community ersity (monocultures vs polycultures). The Shannon ersity index of the AM fungal spore community differed significantly among the three host tree species, but was not significantly different between monoculture and polyculture plots. Over all the plots, significant positive relationships were found between AM fungal ersity and ecosystem NPP, and between AM fungal community evenness and PUE. Relative abundance of two of the dominant AM fungal species also showed significant correlations with NPP and PUE. We conclude that the AM fungal community composition in tropical forests is sensitive to host species, and provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that the ersity of AM fungi in tropical forests and ecosystem NPP covaries.

Legal barriers and enablers for reintroducing tides: An Australian case study in reconverting ponded pasture for climate change mitigation

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.LANDUSEPOL.2019.104192

Global patterns and drivers of tidal marsh response to accelerating sea-level rise

Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC

Date: 26-04-2021

DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-363398/V1

Abstract: The vulnerability of the world’s tidal marshes to sea-level rise threatens their substantial contribution to fisheries, coastal protection, bio ersity conservation and carbon sequestration. Feedbacks between relative sea-level rise (RSLR) and the rate of mineral and organic sediment accumulation in tidal wetlands, and hence elevation gain, have been proposed to ameliorate this risk. Here we report on changes in tidal marsh elevation and shoreline position in relation to our network of 387 fixed benchmarks in tidal marshes on four continents measured for an average of 10 years. During this period RSLR at these marshes reached on average 6.6 mm yr-1, compared to 0.34 mm yr-1 over the past millenia. While the rate of sediment accretion corresponded to RSLR, the loss of elevation to shallow subsidence increased in proportion to the accretion rate. This caused a deficit between elevation gain and RSLR which increased consistently with the rate of RSLR regardless of position within the tidal frame, suggesting that long-term in situ tidal marsh survival is unlikely. While higher tidal range ( m) conferred a greater stability in measures of shoreline change and vegetation cover, other regions showed a tendency towards instability and retreat.

Ecological effects of non‐native species in marine ecosystems relate to co‐occurring anthropogenic pressures

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 14-12-2019

DOI: 10.1111/GCB.14930

Abstract: Predictors for the ecological effects of non‐native species are lacking, even though such knowledge is fundamental to manage non‐native species and mitigate their impacts. Current theories suggest that the ecological effects of non‐native species may be related to other concomitant anthropogenic stressors, but this has not been tested at a global scale. We combine an exhaustive meta‐analysis of the ecological effects of marine non‐native species with human footprint proxies to determine whether the ecological changes due to non‐native species are modulated by co‐occurring anthropogenic impacts. We found that non‐native species had greater negative effects on native bio ersity where human population was high and caused reductions in in idual performance where cumulative human impacts were large. On this basis we identified several marine ecoregions where non‐native species may have the greatest ecological effects, including areas in the Mediterranean Sea and along the northwest coast of the United States. In conclusion, our global assessment suggests coexisting anthropogenic impacts can intensify the ecological effects of non‐native species.

Organic carbon in seagrass sediments is influenced by seagrass canopy complexity, turbidity, wave height, and water depth

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 27-01-2016

DOI: 10.1002/LNO.10262

Growth Responses to Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Elevated CO 2 in Seedlings of a Tropical Tree, Beilschmiedia pendula

Publisher: JSTOR

Date: 10-1996

DOI: 10.2307/2390177

Surface reflectance properties of Antarctic moss and their relationship to plant species, pigment composition and photosynthetic function

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 19-09-2002

DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-3040.2002.00916.X

Maps, laws and planning policy: Working with biophysical and spatial uncertainty in the case of sea level rise

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVSCI.2014.07.018

Conservation of Blue Carbon Ecosystems for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

Publisher: Elsevier

Date: 2019

DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63893-9.00028-9

The effect of heterogeneous soil bulk density on root growth of field-grown mangrove species

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 20-08-2018

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-018-3784-5

Climate change manipulations show Antarctic flora is more strongly affected by elevated nutrients than water

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 17-07-2006

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2486.2006.01209.X

The cost and feasibility of marine coastal restoration

Publisher: No publisher found

Date: 2016

DOI: 10.5061/DRYAD.RC0JN

The effects of CO2 and nutrient fertilisation on the growth and temperature response of the mangrove Avicennia germinans

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 03-06-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S11120-016-0278-2

Abstract: In order to understand plant responses to both the widespread phenomenon of increased nutrient inputs to coastal zones and the concurrent rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, CO2-nutrient interactions need to be considered. In addition to its potential stimulating effect on photosynthesis and growth, elevated CO2 affects the temperature response of photosynthesis. The scarcity of experiments testing how elevated CO2 affects the temperature response of tropical trees hinders our ability to model future primary productivity. In a glasshouse study, we examined the effects of elevated CO2 (800 ppm) and nutrient availability on seedlings of the widespread mangrove Avicennia germinans. We assessed photosynthetic performance, the temperature response of photosynthesis, seedling growth and biomass allocation. We found large synergistic gains in both growth (42 %) and photosynthesis (115 %) when seedlings grown under elevated CO2 were supplied with elevated nutrient concentrations relative to their ambient growing conditions. Growth was significantly enhanced under elevated CO2 only under high-nutrient conditions, mainly in above-ground tissues. Under low-nutrient conditions and elevated CO2, root volume was more than double that of seedlings grown under ambient CO2 levels. Elevated CO2 significantly increased the temperature optimum for photosynthesis by ca. 4 °C. Rising CO2 concentrations are likely to have a significant positive effect on the growth rate of A. germinans over the next century, especially in areas where nutrient availability is high.

Dynamics of sediment carbon stocks across intertidal wetland habitats of Moreton Bay, Australia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 16-05-2017

DOI: 10.1111/GCB.13722

Abstract: Coastal wetlands are known for high carbon storage within their sediments, but our understanding of the variation in carbon storage among intertidal habitats, particularly over geomorphological settings and along elevation gradients, is limited. Here, we collected 352 cores from 18 sites across Moreton Bay, Australia. We assessed variation in sediment organic carbon (OC) stocks among different geomorphological settings (wetlands within riverine settings along with those with reduced riverine influence located on tide-dominated sand islands), across elevation gradients, with distance from shore and among habitat and vegetation types. We used mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy combined with analytical data and partial least squares regression to quantify the carbon content of ~2500 sediment s les and provide fine-scale spatial coverage of sediment OC stocks to 150 cm depth. We found sites in river deltas had larger OC stocks (175-504 Mg/ha) than those in nonriverine settings (44-271 Mg/ha). Variation in OC stocks among nonriverine sites was high in comparison with riverine and mixed geomorphic settings, with sites closer to riverine outflow from the east and south of Moreton Bay having higher stocks than those located on the sand islands in the northwest of the bay. Sediment OC stocks increased with elevation within nonriverine settings, but not in riverine geomorphic settings. Sediment OC stocks did not differ between mangrove and saltmarsh habitats. OC stocks did, however, differ between dominant species across the research area and within geomorphic settings. At the landscape scale, the coastal wetlands of the South East Queensland catchments (17,792 ha) are comprised of approximately 4,100,000-5,200,000 Mg of sediment OC. Comparatively high variation in OC storage between riverine and nonriverine geomorphic settings indicates that the availability of mineral sediments and terrestrial derived OC may exert a strong influence over OC storage potential across intertidal wetland systems.

The importance of small artificial water bodies as sources of methane emissions in Queensland, Australia

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Date: 15-10-2018

DOI: 10.5194/HESS-22-5281-2018

Abstract: Abstract. Emissions from flooded land represent a direct source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Methane emissions from large, artificial water bodies have previously been considered, with numerous studies assessing emission rates and relatively simple procedures available to determine their surface area and generate upscaled emissions estimates. In contrast, the role of small artificial water bodies (ponds) is very poorly quantified, and estimation of emissions is constrained both by a lack of data on their spatial extent and a scarcity of direct flux measurements. In this study, we quantified the total surface area of water bodies 105 m2 across Queensland, Australia, and emission rates from a variety of water body types and size classes. We found that the omission of small ponds from current official land use data has led to an underestimate of total flooded land area by 24 %, of small artificial water body surface area by 57 % and of the total number of artificial water bodies by 1 order of magnitude. All studied ponds were significant hotspots of methane production, dominated by ebullition (bubble) emissions. Two scaling approaches were developed with one based on pond primary use (stock watering, irrigation and urban lakes) and the other using size class. Both approaches indicated that ponds in Queensland alone emit over 1.6 Mt CO2 eq. yr−1, equivalent to 10 % of the state's entire land use, land use change and forestry sector emissions. With limited data from other regions suggesting similarly large numbers of ponds, high emissions per unit area and under-reporting of spatial extent, we conclude that small artificial water bodies may be a globally important missing source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.

Global ecological impacts of marine exotic species.

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-04-2019

DOI: 10.1038/S41559-019-0851-0

Abstract: Exotic species are a growing global ecological threat however, their overall effects are insufficiently understood. While some exotic species are implicated in many species extinctions, others can provide benefits to the recipient communities. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to quantify and synthesize the ecological effects of 76 exotic marine species (about 6% of the listed exotics) on ten variables in marine communities. These species caused an overall significant, but modest in magnitude (as indicated by a mean effect size of g < 0.2), decrease in ecological variables. Marine primary producers and predators were the most disruptive trophic groups of the exotic species. Approximately 10% (that is, 2 out of 19) of the exotic species assessed in at least three independent studies had significant impacts on native species. Separating the innocuous from the disruptive exotic species provides a basis for triage efforts to control the marine exotic species that have the most impact, thereby helping to meet Aichi Bio ersity Target 9 of the Convention on Biological Diversity.

Limits to seaward expansion of mangroves: Translating physical disturbance mechanisms into seedling survival gradients

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.JEMBE.2015.02.015

Effect of high sedimentation rates on surface sediment dynamics and mangrove growth in the Porong River, Indonesia

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2016.02.048

Abstract: Large quantities of mud from the LUSI (Lumpur Sidoarjo) volcano in northeastern Java have been channeled to the sea causing high rates of sediment delivery to the mouth of the Porong River, which has a cover of natural and planted mangroves. This study investigated how the high rates of sediment delivery affected vertical accretion, surface elevation change and the growth of Avicennia sp., the dominant mangrove species in the region. During our observations in 2010-2011 (4-5years after the initial volcanic eruption), very high rates of sedimentation in the forests at the mouth of the river gave rise to high vertical accretion of over 10cmy(-1). The high sedimentation rates not only resulted in reduced growth of Avicennia sp. mangrove trees at the two study sites at the Porong River mouth, but also gave rise to high soil surface elevation gains.

Sea level and turbidity controls on mangrove soil surface elevation change

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.ECSS.2014.11.026

Responses of communities of tropical tree species to elevated CO 2 in a forest clearing

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-08-1998

DOI: 10.1007/S004420050581

Abstract: Communities of ten species of tropical forest tree seedlings from three successional classes were grown at ambient and elevated CO

'Blue carbon' projects for the collective good

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 10-2013

DOI: 10.4155/CMT.13.50

Regulation of water balance in mangroves

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 25-08-2014

DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCU174

Future carbon emissions from global mangrove forest loss

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 17-03-2021

DOI: 10.1111/GCB.15571

Variation in elemental stoichiometry and RNA: DNA in four phyla of benthic organisms from coral reefs

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 10-03-2014

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12256

Symbiotic Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Influence Maximum Rates of Photosynthesis in Tropical Tree Seedlings Grown Under Elevated CO2

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 1997

DOI: 10.1071/PP96089

Abstract: To investigate the importance of phosphorus and carbohydrate concentrations in influencing photosynthetic capacity of tropical forest tree seedlings under elevated CO2, we grew seedlings of Beilschmiedia pendula (Sw.) Hemsl. (Lauraceae) under elevated CO2 concentrations either with or without vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizae. VA-mycorrhizae increased phosphorus concentrations in all plant organs (leaves, stems and roots). Maximum rates of photosynthesis (Amax) measured under saturating levels of CO2 and light were correlated with leaf phosphorus concentrations. VA-mycorrhizae also increased leaf carbohydrate concentrations, particularly under elevated CO2, but levels were low and within the range observed in naturally occurring forest species. Root carbohydrate concentrations were reduced in VA-mycorrhizal plants relative to non-mycorrhizal plants. These results indicate an important role for VA-mycorrhizae in controlling photosynthetic rates and sink strength in tropical trees, and thus in determining their response to future increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations.

Biocomplexity in Mangrove Ecosystems

Publisher: Annual Reviews

Date: 2010

DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV.MARINE.010908.163809

Abstract: Mangroves are an ecological assemblage of trees and shrubs adapted to grow in intertidal environments along tropical coasts. Despite repeated demonstration of their economic and societal value, more than 50% of the world's mangroves have been destroyed, 35% in the past two decades to aquaculture and coastal development, altered hydrology, sea-level rise, and nutrient overenrichment. Variations in the structure and function of mangrove ecosystems have generally been described solely on the basis of a hierarchical classification of the physical characteristics of the intertidal environment, including climate, geomorphology, topography, and hydrology. Here, we use the concept of emergent properties at multiple levels within a hierarchical framework to review how the interplay between specialized adaptations and extreme trait plasticity that characterizes mangroves and intertidal environments gives rise to the biocomplexity that distinguishes mangrove ecosystems. The traits that allow mangroves to tolerate variable salinity, flooding, and nutrient availability influence ecosystem processes and ultimately the services they provide. We conclude that an integrated research strategy using emergent properties in empirical and theoretical studies provides a holistic approach for understanding and managing mangrove ecosystems.

The effects of elevated CO2 and eutrophication on surface elevation gain in a European salt marsh

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-07-2017

DOI: 10.1111/GCB.13396

Abstract: Salt marshes can play a vital role in mitigating the effects of global environmental change by dissipating incident storm wave energy and, through accretion, tracking increasing water depths consequent upon sea level rise. Atmospheric CO

Effects of elevated CO2 on foliar chemistry of saplings of nine species of tropical tree

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-2002

DOI: 10.1007/S00442-002-1005-6

Abstract: This study examined the effects of elevated CO2 on secondary metabolites for saplings of tropical trees. In the first experiment, nine species of trees were grown in the ground in open-top chambers in central Panama at ambient and elevated CO2 (about twice ambient). On average, leaf phenolic contents were 48% higher under elevated CO2. Biomass accumulation was not affected by CO2, but starch, total non-structural carbohydrates and C/N ratios all increased. In a second experiment with Ficus, an early successional species, and Virola, a late successional species, treatments were enriched for both CO2 and nutrients. For both species, nutrient fertilization increased plant growth and decreased leaf carbohydrates, C/N ratios and phenolic contents, as predicted by the carbon/nutrient balance hypothesis. Changes in leaf C/N levels were correlated with changes in phenolic contents for Virola (r=0.95, P<0.05), but not for Ficus. Thus, elevated CO2, particularly under conditions of low soil fertility, significantly increased phenolic content as well as the C/N ratio of leaves. The magnitude of the changes is sufficient to negatively affect herbivore growth, survival and fecundity, which should have impacts on plant/herbivore interactions.

The interplay between vegetation and water in mangroves: new perspectives for mangrove stand modelling and ecological research

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-06-2020

DOI: 10.1007/S11273-020-09733-0

Abstract: It is commonly accepted that vegetation patterns and water supply mutually define each other. In mangroves, soil water salinity and the corresponding osmotic potential are the main drivers of plant water supply. Below-ground processes thus may be key for the structure and dynamics of mangrove stands. Nevertheless, existing simulation models describing mangrove forest dynamics do not quantify the water uptake of the single plant from the soil and traditionally neglect any feedback of the vegetation on the water availability, but instead use empirical, statistical models for plant competition affecting growth. We provide a brief review on the state of the art of mangrove forest models with an emphasis on how below-ground processes are regarded. We follow mainly two directions: (1) phenomenological concepts for competition for below-ground resources and (2) assessing the impact of salinity and water supply on the vegetation and possible feedback mechanisms from the vegetation to the below-ground conditions. We hypothesise that a coupled vegetation-groundwater model would avail us to better understand the dynamics and properties of mangrove systems, their capability to persist or rehabilitate under stressful hydrological conditions, as well as their response to environmental changes related to the groundwater system and transport. The benefits of such a joint approach would (i) constitute an intrinsic below-ground competition description close to the governing processes and (ii) concurrently exploit secondary, constraining information from vegetation patterns to derive a new concept to acquire knowledge on subsurface heterogeneity and parametrisation. The aim of this paper is to lay the theoretical groundwork and guidelines for future modellers to follow in the creation of a more realistic mangrove model coupling above- and below-ground processes. The proposed modelling approach has the potential to be useful for a broad audience based particularly in forest sciences and plant ecology in general, but also for hydrodynamic modelling (e.g. subsurface flow and transport detected by vegetation patterns as above-ground proxy).

Constraints on the adjustment of tidal marshes to accelerating sea level rise

Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Date: 29-07-2022

DOI: 10.1126/SCIENCE.ABO7872

Abstract: Much uncertainty exists about the vulnerability of valuable tidal marsh ecosystems to relative sea level rise. Previous assessments of resilience to sea level rise, to which marshes can adjust by sediment accretion and elevation gain, revealed contrasting results, depending on contemporary or Holocene geological data. By analyzing globally distributed contemporary data, we found that marsh sediment accretion increases in parity with sea level rise, seemingly confirming previously claimed marsh resilience. However, subsidence of the substrate shows a nonlinear increase with accretion. As a result, marsh elevation gain is constrained in relation to sea level rise, and deficits emerge that are consistent with Holocene observations of tidal marsh vulnerability.

The role of socio-economic factors in planning and managing urban ecosystem services

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOSER.2018.02.017

Predators help protect carbon stocks in blue carbon ecosystems

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 28-09-2015

DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2763

Pandanus nutshell generates a palaeoprecipitation record for human occupation at Madjedbebe, northern Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 25-01-2021

DOI: 10.1038/S41559-020-01379-8

Abstract: Little is known about the Pleistocene climatic context of northern Australia at the time of early human settlement. Here we generate a palaeoprecipitation proxy using stable carbon isotope analysis of modern and archaeological pandanus nutshell from Madjedbebe, Australia’s oldest known archaeological site. We document fluctuations in precipitation over the last 65,000 years and identify periods of lower precipitation during the penultimate and last glacial stages, Marine Isotope Stages 4 and 2. However, the lowest effective annual precipitation is recorded at the present time. Periods of lower precipitation, including the earliest phase of occupation, correspond with peaks in exotic stone raw materials and artefact discard at the site. This pattern is interpreted as suggesting increased group mobility and intensified use of the region during drier periods.

A blueprint for blue carbon: Toward an improved understanding of the role of vegetated coastal habitats in sequestering CO2

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 20-01-2011

DOI: 10.1890/110004

Using glomalin as an indicator for arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal growth: an example from a tropical rain forest soil

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2004

DOI: 10.1016/J.SOILBIO.2004.02.010

Attenuated and wild-type HIV-1 infections and long terminal repeat-mediated gene expression from plasmids delivered by gene gun to human skin ex vivo and macaques in vivo

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2001

DOI: 10.1006/VIRO.2001.1019

Landscape Evolution of a Fluvial Sediment-Rich Avicennia marina Mangrove Forest: Insights from Seasonal and Inter-annual Surface-Elevation Dynamics

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 02-01-2019

DOI: 10.1007/S10021-018-0330-5

Oceanography and Marine Biology

Publisher: Chapman and Hall/CRC

Date: 12-05-2010

DOI: 10.1201/EBK1439821169

Macroalgal species richness and assemblage composition of the Great Barrier Reef seabed

Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center

Date: 31-10-2013

DOI: 10.3354/MEPS10366

Integration, synthesis and climate change adaptation: a narrative based on coastal wetlands at the regional scale

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 23-12-2011

DOI: 10.1007/S10113-011-0271-4

The anatomical basis of the link between density and mechanical strength in mangrove branches

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2013

DOI: 10.1071/FP12204

Abstract: Tree branches are important as they support the canopy, which controls photosynthetic carbon gain and determines ecological interactions such as competition with neighbours. Mangrove trees are subject to high wind speeds, strong tidal flows and waves that can damage their branches. The survival and establishment of mangroves partly depend on the structural and mechanical characteristics of their branches. In addition, mangroves are exposed to soils that vary in salinity. Highly saline conditions can increase the tension in the water column, imposing mechanical stresses on the xylem vessels. Here, we investigated how mechanical strength, assessed as the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the modulus of rupture (MOR), and density relate to the anatomical characteristics of intact mangrove branches from southeast Queensland and whether the mechanical strength of branches varies among mangrove species. Mechanical strength was positively correlated with density of mangrove intact branches. Mechanical strength (MOE) varied among species, with Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. branches having the highest mechanical strength (2079 ± 176 MPa), and Rhizophora stylosa Griff. and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Savigny ex Lam. and Poiret having the lowest mechanical strength (536.8 ± 39.2 MPa in R. stylosa and 554 ± 58.2 MPa in B. gymnorrhiza). High levels of mechanical strength were associated with reductions in xylem vessel lumen area, pith content and bark content, and positively associated with increases in fibre wall thickness. The associations between mechanical strength and anatomical characteristics in mangrove branches suggest trade-offs between mechanical strength and water supply, which are linked to tree growth and survival.

Avoided emissions and conservation of scrub mangroves: potential for a Blue Carbon project in the Gulf of California, Mexico

Publisher: The Royal Society

Date: 12-2018

DOI: 10.1098/RSBL.2018.0400

Abstract: Mangroves are considered ideal ecosystems for Blue Carbon projects. However, because of their short stature, some mangroves (‘scrub’ mangroves, less than 2 m) do not fulfil the current definition of ‘forests’, which makes them ineligible for emission reduction programmes such as REDD+. Short stature mangroves can be the dominant form of mangroves in arid and nutrient-poor landscapes, and emissions from their deforestation and degradation could be substantial. Here, we describe a Blue Carbon project in the Gulf of California, Mexico, to illustrate that projects that avoid emissions from deforestation and degradation could provide financial resources to protect mangroves that cannot be included in other emission reduction programmes. The goal of the project is to protect 16 058 ha of mangroves through conservation concessions from the Mexican Federal Government. The cumulative avoided emissions of the project are 2.84 million Mg CO 2 over 100 years, valued at $US 426 000 per year (US$15 per Mg CO 2 in the California market). The funds could be used for community-based projects that will improve mangrove management, such as surveillance, eradication of invasive species, rehabilitation after tropical storms and environmental education. The strong institutional support, secure financial status, community engagement and clear project boundaries provide favourable conditions to implement this Blue Carbon project. Financial resources from Blue Carbon projects, even in mangroves of short stature, can provide substantial resources to enhance community resilience and mangrove protection.

Influence of temporospatial variation in sap flux density on estimates of whole-tree water use in Avicennia marina

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 30-10-2014

DOI: 10.1007/S00468-014-1105-Z

Priorities and Motivations of Marine Coastal Restoration Research

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 08-07-2020

DOI: 10.3389/FMARS.2020.00484

Motivations, success, and cost of coral reef restoration

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 17-06-2019

DOI: 10.1111/REC.12977

Rolling covenants to protect coastal ecosystems in the face of sea-level rise

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-12-2022

DOI: 10.1111/CSP2.593

Abstract: This article considers how “rolling covenants” (i.e., covenants on land title that can operate in a “rolling” geographic area to keep pace with sea‐level rise) can be used to permit productive use of land in the short term, while ensuring land use can shift over time to allow for coastal ecosystem migration in the medium to long term. We use Australia as a case study, and through analysis of legislation and a series of semistructured interviews, we demonstrate how land title‐based covenants can be used to give legal effect to “rolling covenant” arrangements where land is subject to existing use and occupation. We then consider practical issues associated with drafting a rolling covenant arrangement, including an analysis of the types of events or scenarios that could be used as a basis for land use changing (e.g., projected sea‐level rise, actual ecosystem migration), and the advantages and disadvantages of each. We conclude that rolling covenants are a viable option for land management in the coastal zone, especially in circumstances where funding sources are available to incentivize uptake. Rolling covenants may provide opportunities for coastal wetlands to be maintained and even enhanced in cover, thereby delivering important ecosystem services (e.g., blue carbon) into the future.

Carbon sequestration and fluxes of restored mangroves in abandoned aquaculture ponds

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 22-04-2019

DOI: 10.1080/19480881.2019.1605659

Current and future carbon stocks in coastal wetlands within the Great Barrier Reef catchments

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 04-05-2021

DOI: 10.1111/GCB.15642

Abstract: Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR) catchments include some of the world's most intact coastal wetlands comprising erse mangrove, seagrass and tidal marsh ecosystems. Although these ecosystems are highly efficient at storing carbon in marine sediments, their soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and the potential changes resulting from climate impacts, including sea level rise are not well understood. For the first time, we estimated SOC stocks and their drivers within the range of coastal wetlands of GBR catchments using boosted regression trees (i.e. a machine learning approach and ensemble method for modelling the relationship between response and explanatory variables) and identified the potential changes in future stocks due to sea level rise. We found levels of SOC stocks of mangrove and seagrass meadows have different drivers, with climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall and solar radiation, showing significant contributions in accounting for variation in SOC stocks in mangroves. In contrast, soil type accounted for most of the variability in seagrass meadows. Total SOC stock in the GBR catchments, including mangroves, seagrass meadows and tidal marshes, is approximately 137 Tg C, which represents 9%–13% of Australia's total SOC stock while encompassing only 4%–6% of the total extent of Australian coastal wetlands. In a global context, this could represent 0.5%–1.4% of global SOC stock. Our study suggests that landward migration due to projected sea level rise has the potential to enhance carbon accumulation with total carbon gains between 0.16 and 0.46 Tg C and provides an opportunity for future restoration to enhance blue carbon.

High variance in community structure and ecosystem carbon stocks of Fijian mangroves driven by differences in geomorphology and climate

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVRES.2020.110213

Moving beyond the conceptual: Specificity in regional climate change adaptation actions for biodiversity in South East Queensland, Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-12-2014

DOI: 10.1007/S10113-012-0385-3

Effects of crab burrows on sediment characteristics in a Ceriops australis-dominated mangrove forest

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.ECSS.2019.01.008

Short-lived effects of nutrient enrichment on Avicennia germinans decomposition in a saltmarsh-mangrove ecotone

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.ECSS.2020.106598

Fine root respiration in the mangrove Rhizophora mangle over variation in forest stature and nutrient availability

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 12-2006

DOI: 10.1093/TREEPHYS/26.12.1601

Abstract: Root respiration uses a significant proportion of photosynthetically fixed carbon (C) and is a globally important source of C liberated from soils. Mangroves, which are an important and productive forest resource in many tropical and subtropical countries, sustain a high ratio of root to shoot biomass which may indicate that root respiration is a particularly important component in mangrove forest carbon budgets. Mangroves are often exposed to nutrient pollution from coastal waters. Here we assessed the magnitude of fine root respiration in mangrove forests in Belize and investigated how root respiration is influenced by nutrient additions. Respiration rates of excised fine roots of the mangrove, Rhizophora mangle L., were low (4.01 +/- 0.16 nmol CO(2) g(-1) s(-1)) compared to those measured in temperate tree species at similar temperatures. In an experiment where trees where fertilized with nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) in low productivity dwarf forests (1-2 m height) and more productive, taller (4- 7 m height) seaward fringing forests, respiration of fine roots did not vary consistently with fertilization treatments or with forest stature. Fine roots of taller fringe trees had higher concentrations of both N and P compared to dwarf trees. Fertilization with P enhanced fine root P concentrations in both dwarf and fringe trees, but reduced root N concentrations compared to controls. Fertilization with N had no effect on root N or P concentrations. Unlike photosynthetic C gain and growth, which is strongly limited by P availability in dwarf forests at this site, fine root respiration (expressed on a mass basis) was variable, but showed no significant enhancements with nutrient additions. Variation in fine root production and standing biomass are, therefore, likely to be more important factors determining C efflux from mangrove sediments than variations in fine root respiration per unit mass.

The effect of structurally complex corals and herbivory on the dynamics of Halimeda

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-02-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S00338-016-1412-5

Future carbon emissions from global mangrove forest loss

Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

Date: 29-08-2020

DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.27.271189

Abstract: Mangroves have among the highest carbon densities of any tropical forest. These “blue carbon” ecosystems can store large amounts of carbon for long periods, and their protection reduces greenhouse gas emissions and supports climate change mitigation. The incorporation of mangroves into Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris Agreement and their valuation on carbon markets requires predicting how the management of different land-uses can prevent future greenhouse gas emissions and increase CO 2 sequestration. Management actions can reduce CO 2 emissions and enhance sequestration, but should be guided by predictions of future emissions, not just carbon storage. We project emissions and forgone soil carbon sequestration potential caused by mangrove loss with comprehensive global datasets for carbon stocks, mangrove distribution, deforestation rates, and drivers of land-use change. Emissions from mangrove loss could reach 2,397 Tg CO 2eq by the end of the century, or 3,401 Tg CO 2eq when considering forgone carbon sequestration. The highest emissions were predicted in southeast and south Asia (West Coral Triangle, Sunda Shelf, and the Bay of Bengal) due to conversion to aquaculture or agriculture, followed by the Caribbean (Tropical Northwest Atlantic) due to clearing and erosion, and the Andaman coast (West Myanmar) and north Brazil due to erosion. Together, these six regions accounted for 90% of the total potential CO 2eq future emissions. We highlight hotspots for future emissions and the land-use specfic management actions that could avoid them with appropriate policies and regulation.

Vulnerability of an arid zone coastal wetland landscape to sea level rise and intense storms

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 22-09-2021

DOI: 10.1002/LNO.11936

Abstract: Arid zone coastal wetlands provide disproportionally important ecosystem services due to their relatively high levels of productivity relative to adjacent terrestrial systems. However, these wetlands are vulnerable to sea level rise as sediments needed for vertical accretion are limited. In order to assess the processes important for vertical accretion in arid zone coastal wetlands, we assessed vertical accretion across an arid zone wetland landscape in Western Australia. We found that overall coastal wetlands were declining in elevation at −0.18 mm yr −1 (± standard error 0.12 mm yr −1 ). Vertical accretion in mangroves was evident in years of high mean sea level, but this was insufficient to counteract shallow subsidence. The high intertidal cyanobacterial mat and salt flat zones were eroding, particularly in years of high rainfall. We observed retreat of the seaward mangrove fringe associated with tree mortality caused by cyclones, but we also observed recruitment of mangroves onto the high intertidal cyanobacterial mat zone, attributed to higher sea levels. Our study found complexity in the factors causing landscape change across the intertidal zone, where variation in sea level, intense storms, and other climatic and biotic factors interact.

Contemporary rates of carbon sequestration through vertical accretion of sediments in mangrove forests and saltmarshes of South East Queensland, Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-09-2014

DOI: 10.1007/S12237-013-9702-4

Integrating Climate and Ocean Change Vulnerability into Conservation Planning

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 11-2012

DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2012.728123

Organic Carbon Stocks of Mexican Montane Habitats: Variation Among Vegetation Types and Land-Use

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 08-10-2020

DOI: 10.3389/FENVS.2020.581476

Nutrient Enrichment Increases Mortality of Mangroves

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 19-05-2009

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0005600

INFLUENCE OF SPATIAL VARIATION IN SAP FLUX DENSITY ON ESTIMATES OF WHOLE-TREE WATER USE IN AVICENNIA MARINA

Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)

Date: 05-2013

DOI: 10.17660/ACTAHORTIC.2013.991.12

Carbon Budgets for Caribbean Mangrove Forests of Varying Structure and with Phosphorus Enrichment

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 07-10-2015

DOI: 10.3390/F6103528

CO2 Efflux from Cleared Mangrove Peat

Publisher: Apple Academic Press

Date: 10-04-2011

DOI: 10.1201/B16845-13

Water use patterns of estuarine vegetation in a tidal creek system

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 16-10-2012

DOI: 10.1007/S00442-012-2495-5

Abstract: Water availability is a key determinant of the zonation patterns in estuarine vegetation, but water availability and the use of different water sources over space and time are not well understood. We have determined the seasonal water use patterns of riparian vegetation over an estuarine ecotone. Our aim was to investigate how the water use patterns of estuarine vegetation respond to variations in the availability of tidal creek water and rain-derived freshwater. The levels of natural stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen were assessed in the stem of the mangrove Avicennia marina (tall and scrub growth forms), Casuarina glauca and Melaleuca quinquenervia that were distributed along transects from river/creek-front towards inland habitats. The isotopic composition of plant tissues and the potential water sources were assessed in both the wet season, when freshwater from rainfall is present, and the dry season, when mangrove trees are expected to be more dependent on tidal water, and when Casuarina and Melaleuca are expected to be dependent on groundwater. Our results indicate that rainwater during the wet season contributes significantly to estuarine vegetation, even to creek-side mangroves which are inundated by tidal creek water daily, and that estuarine vegetation depends primarily on freshwater throughout the year. In contrast, high intertidal scrub mangroves were found to use the greatest proportion of tidal creek water, supplemented by groundwater in the dry season. Contrary to prediction, inland trees C. glauca and M. quinquenervia were found also to rely predominantly on rainwater--even in the dry season. The results of this study reveal a high level of complexity in vegetation water use in estuarine settings.

The contrasting effects of nutrient enrichment on growth, biomass allocation and decomposition of plant tissue in coastal wetlands

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 20-02-2017

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-017-3206-0

Response to rebutting the inclined analyses on the cost-effectiveness and feasibility of coral reef restoration

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 24-08-2017

DOI: 10.1002/EAP.1583

Mangrove Forest and Soil Development on a Rapidly Accreting Shore in New Zealand

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-2010

DOI: 10.1007/S10021-010-9329-2

Linking physiological processes with mangrove forest structure: phosphorus deficiency limits canopy development, hydraulic conductivity and photosynthetic carbon gain in dwarf Rhizophora mangle

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 21-02-2006

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3040.2005.01446.X

Abstract: Spatial gradients in mangrove tree height in barrier islands of Belize are associated with nutrient deficiency and sustained flooding in the absence of a salinity gradient. While nutrient deficiency is likely to affect many parameters, here we show that addition of phosphorus (P) to dwarf mangroves stimulated increases in diameters of xylem vessels, area of conductive xylem tissue and leaf area index (LAI) of the canopy. These changes in structure were consistent with related changes in function, as addition of P also increased hydraulic conductivity (Ks), stomatal conductance and photosynthetic assimilation rates to the same levels measured in taller trees fringing the seaward margin of the mangrove. Increased xylem vessel size and corresponding enhancements in stem hydraulic conductivity in P fertilized dwarf trees came at the cost of enhanced mid-day loss of hydraulic conductivity and was associated with decreased assimilation rates in the afternoon. Analysis of trait plasticity identifies hydraulic properties of trees as more plastic than those of leaf structural and physiological characteristics, implying that hydraulic properties are key in controlling growth in mangroves. Alleviation of P deficiency, which released trees from hydraulic limitations, reduced the structural and functional distinctions between dwarf and taller fringing tree forms of Rhizophora mangle.

Assessment of vegetation and soil conditions in restored mangroves interrupted by severe tropical typhoon ‘Chan-hom’ in the Philippines

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-12-2013

DOI: 10.1007/S10750-013-1766-4

Mangrove Sedimentation and Response to Relative Sea-Level Rise

Publisher: Annual Reviews

Date: 03-01-2016

DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-MARINE-122414-034025

Abstract: Mangroves occur on upper intertidal shorelines in the tropics and subtropics. Complex hydrodynamic and salinity conditions, related primarily to elevation and hydroperiod, influence mangrove distributions this review considers how these distributions change over time. Accumulation rates of allochthonous and autochthonous sediment, both inorganic and organic, vary between and within different settings. Abundant terrigenous sediment can form dynamic mudbanks, and tides redistribute sediment, contrasting with mangrove peat in sediment-starved carbonate settings. Sediments underlying mangroves sequester carbon but also contain paleoenvironmental records of adjustments to past sea-level changes. Radiometric dating indicates long-term sedimentation, whereas measurements made using surface elevation tables and marker horizons provide shorter perspectives, indicating shallow subsurface processes of root growth and substrate autocompaction. Many tropical deltas also experience deep subsidence, which augments relative sea-level rise. The persistence of mangroves implies an ability to cope with moderately high rates of relative sea-level rise. However, many human pressures threaten mangroves, resulting in a continuing decline in their extent throughout the tropics. *

Climate Regulation: Salt Marshes and Blue Carbon

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9659-3_213

Interactive effects of climate and nutrient enrichment on patterns of herbivory by different feeding guilds in mangrove forests

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 28-09-2017

DOI: 10.1111/GEB.12644

Challenges and opportunities for achieving Sustainable Development Goals through restoration of Indonesia’s mangroves

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 02-01-2023

DOI: 10.1038/S41559-022-01926-5

Distribution and accumulation of ultraviolet-radiation-absorbing compounds in leaves of tropical mangroves

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-1992

DOI: 10.1007/BF00216808

A national approach to greenhouse gas abatement through blue carbon management

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.GLOENVCHA.2020.102083

Growth responses of seedlings of early and late successional tropical forest trees to elevated atmospheric CO2

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-1999

DOI: 10.1016/S0367-2530(17)30900-3

Nutrient Addition Differentially Affects Ecological Processes of Avicennia germinans in Nitrogen versus Phosphorus Limited Mangrove Ecosystems

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 14-03-2007

DOI: 10.1007/S10021-007-9025-Z

Global ecological impacts of marine exotic species

Publisher: No publisher found

Date: 2019

DOI: 10.1594/PANGAEA.895681

Radiocarbon Dating and Wood Density Chronologies of Mangrove Trees in Arid Western Australia

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 12-11-2013

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0080116

Climate‐driven impacts of exotic species on marine ecosystems

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-03-2021

DOI: 10.1111/GEB.13283

Research priorities for the sustainability of coral-rich western Pacific seascapes

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 21-04-2023

DOI: 10.1007/S10113-023-02051-0

Abstract: Nearly a billion people depend on tropical seascapes. The need to ensure sustainable use of these vital areas is recognised, as one of 17 policy commitments made by world leaders, in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 (‘Life below Water’) of the United Nations. SDG 14 seeks to secure marine sustainability by 2030. In a time of increasing social-ecological unpredictability and risk, scientists and policymakers working towards SDG 14 in the Asia–Pacific region need to know: (1) How are seascapes changing? (2) What can global society do about these changes? and (3) How can science and society together achieve sustainable seascape futures? Through a horizon scan, we identified nine emerging research priorities that clarify potential research contributions to marine sustainability in locations with high coral reef abundance. They include research on seascape geological and biological evolution and adaptation elucidating drivers and mechanisms of change understanding how seascape functions and services are produced, and how people depend on them costs, benefits, and trade-offs to people in changing seascapes improving seascape technologies and practices learning to govern and manage seascapes for all sustainable use, justice, and human well-being bridging communities and epistemologies for innovative, equitable, and scale-crossing solutions and informing resilient seascape futures through modelling and synthesis. Researchers can contribute to the sustainability of tropical seascapes by co-developing transdisciplinary understandings of people and ecosystems, emphasising the importance of equity and justice, and improving knowledge of key cross-scale and cross-level processes, feedbacks, and thresholds.

Night and day: Shrinking and swelling of stems of diverse mangrove species growing along environmental gradients

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 03-09-2019

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0221950

Spatial and temporal variability of seagrass at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH

Date: 30-01-2015

DOI: 10.1515/BOT-2014-0060

Abstract: Increasing threats to natural ecosystems from local and global stressors are reinforcing the need for baseline data on the distribution and abundance of organisms. We quantified spatial and/or temporal patterns of seagrass distribution, shoot density, leaf area index, biomass, productivity, and sediment carbon content in shallow water (0–5 m) at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, in field surveys conducted in December 2011 and October 2012. Seagrass meadows were mapped using satellite imagery and field validation. A total of 18.3 ha of seagrass, composed primarily of Thalassia hemprichii and Halodule uninervis, was mapped in shallow water. This was 46% less than the area of seagrass in the same region reported in 1995, although variations in mapping methods may have influenced the magnitude of change detected. There was inter-annual variability in shoot density and length, with values for both higher in 2011 than in 2012. Seagrass properties and sediment carbon content were representative of shallow-water seagrass meadows on a mid-shelf Great Barrier Reef island. The data can be used to evaluate change, to parameterize models of the impact of anthropogenic or environmental variability on seagrass distribution and abundance, and to assess the success of management actions.

Growth responses of seedlings of two neotropical pioneer species to simulated forest gap environments

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 11-1999

DOI: 10.1017/S0266467499001200

Abstract: Traditional shade house experiments that expose plants to relatively uniform irradiance and light quality are inadequate to characterize the morphological, allocational and physiological plasticity that seedlings show to different gap environments. Here the design of a pot experiment is described that simulates the daily time course of irradiance and light quality in idealized gaps of six different sizes. Differences in response to gap size are illustrated using data from two pioneer species, Ochroma pyramidale , which recruits exclusively in large gaps and clearings, and Luehea seemannii , which colonizes small branchfall gaps as well as large gaps. Ochroma outperformed Luehea in relative growth rate in all except the smallest simulated gap size. Ochroma's superior performance in the larger gaps could be attributed to a larger proportional investment in leaf biomass (i.e. a higher leaf area ratio, LAR), and higher photosynthetic rates both on a leaf area and leaf mass basis. In the smallest simulated gaps LAR was not significantly different between the species, but Ochroma maintained a higher net assimilation rate. These results fail to support the suggestion that gap partitioning among pioneer species arises directly from morphological and biochemical specialization to particular gap light environments. Instead, it is suggested that partitioning may result from a trade-off between seedling growth and mortality determined by species allocational patterns and mediated by interactions with herbivores and pathogens.

Seagrass Organic Carbon Stocks Show Minimal Variation Over Short Time Scales in a Heterogeneous Subtropical Seascape

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 22-02-2018

DOI: 10.1007/S12237-018-0381-Z

Drivers of global mangrove loss and gain in social-ecological systems.

Publisher: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Date: 2022

DOI: 10.17863/CAM.90015

Photoinhibition in tropical forest understorey species with short‐ and long‐lived leaves

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-1998

DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-2435.1998.00235.X

Mammalian herbivores in Australia transport nutrients from terrestrial to marine ecosystems via mangroves

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 20-02-2014

DOI: 10.1017/S0266467414000054

Abstract: Nutrient subsidies from one ecosystem to another serve a critical link among ecosystems. The transfer of materials across the terrestrial-to-marine boundary is considered to be driven by hydrological connectivity, but animal movement can provide another pathway for nutrient transfers. In two separate studies we assessed the role mammals (bats and kangaroos) play in alleviating nutrient limitation in mangrove forests in Australia. At Lizard Island, we measured tree growth and foliar elemental and isotopic composition of trees growing within and outside a large flying fox roost. In Western Australia, we measured foliar elemental and isotopic composition of trees within two forests frequented by kangaroos that feed in spinifex grasslands and shelter in the shade of the mangroves. We compared those with mangroves from adjacent forests that are not frequented by kangaroos. We show that at both locations, the mangrove forest receives terrestrial nutrient subsidies through animal movement. At Lizard Island dominant mangrove species were significantly enriched in nitrogen within the bat roost, as evidenced by higher foliar N concentrations (by up to 150%), N:P and N:C ratios in trees within the roost compared with trees outside the roost. The isotopic signature of foliar N was significantly enriched in 15 N by 1–3‰ within the roost, further suggesting that the source of the N enrichment was the bat roost. Growth rates of mangroves within the roost were nearly six times higher than trees outside the roost. In the arid coast of Western Australia, we show elevated foliar 15 N abundance of up to 3‰ in mangroves where kangaroos shelter relative to trees where they do not. Thus, this study presents two ex les for mammalian herbivore mediated localized transport of nutrients from terrestrial to marine ecosystems, consequently affecting mangrove tree growth, productivity and forest structure.

Blue Restoration – Building Confidence and Overcoming Barriers

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 15-09-2020

DOI: 10.3389/FMARS.2020.541700

Differential effects of tropical arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inocula on root colonization and tree seedling growth: implications for tropical forest diversity

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-2000

DOI: 10.1046/J.1461-0248.2000.00126.X

The Coral Trait Database, a curated database of trait information for coral species from the global oceans

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 29-03-2016

DOI: 10.1038/SDATA.2016.17

Abstract: Trait-based approaches advance ecological and evolutionary research because traits provide a strong link to an organism’s function and fitness. Trait-based research might lead to a deeper understanding of the functions of, and services provided by, ecosystems, thereby improving management, which is vital in the current era of rapid environmental change. Coral reef scientists have long collected trait data for corals however, these are difficult to access and often under-utilized in addressing large-scale questions. We present the Coral Trait Database initiative that aims to bring together physiological, morphological, ecological, phylogenetic and biogeographic trait information into a single repository. The database houses species- and in idual-level data from published field and experimental studies alongside contextual data that provide important framing for analyses. In this data descriptor, we release data for 56 traits for 1547 species, and present a collaborative platform on which other trait data are being actively federated. Our overall goal is for the Coral Trait Database to become an open-source, community-led data clearinghouse that accelerates coral reef research.

The future of Blue Carbon science

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-09-2019

DOI: 10.1038/S41467-019-11693-W

Abstract: The term Blue Carbon (BC) was first coined a decade ago to describe the disproportionately large contribution of coastal vegetated ecosystems to global carbon sequestration. The role of BC in climate change mitigation and adaptation has now reached international prominence. To help prioritise future research, we assembled leading experts in the field to agree upon the top-ten pending questions in BC science. Understanding how climate change affects carbon accumulation in mature BC ecosystems and during their restoration was a high priority. Controversial questions included the role of carbonate and macroalgae in BC cycling, and the degree to which greenhouse gases are released following disturbance of BC ecosystems. Scientists seek improved precision of the extent of BC ecosystems techniques to determine BC provenance understanding of the factors that influence sequestration in BC ecosystems, with the corresponding value of BC and the management actions that are effective in enhancing this value. Overall this overview provides a comprehensive road map for the coming decades on future research in BC science.

Photosynthetic performance and resource utilization of two mangrove species coexisting in a hypersaline scrub forest

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 25-01-2003

DOI: 10.1007/S00442-002-1118-Y

Abstract: In a hypersaline mangrove scrub forest in northern Florida, coexisting trees of Laguncularia racemosa and Avicennia germinans were either fertilized with nitrogen or phosphorus, or not fertilized (controls). We aimed to test whether nutrient additions differentially altered photosynthetic performance and resource utilization in these two species. In control trees, photosynthetic rates were higher in L. racemosa than A. germinans. However, leaf nitrogen concentrations were higher in A. germinans than L. racemosa. Avicennia germinans responded to fertilization with nitrogen by increasing leaf nitrogen concentrations and rates of photosynthesis such that they were equivalent to photosynthesis in L. racemosa. Laguncularia racemosa did not show a response to nitrogen additions. Neither species showed strong responses to phosphorus fertilization. Avicennia germinans had high photosynthetic water-use efficiency (photosynthesis/transpiration), but low photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (photosynthesis/leaf nitrogen). In contrast, L. racemosa had comparatively low photosynthetic water use efficiency and high photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency. Leaf level characteristics lead us to hypothesize that coexistence of A. germinans and L. racemosa should occur where nitrogen levels are low and salinity is moderate, or at least moderate for some period of the year.

Elemental composition and productivity of cyanobacterial mats in an arid zone estuary in north Western Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-06-2009

DOI: 10.1007/S11273-009-9146-6

Reply to: Indiscriminate data aggregation in ecological meta-analysis underestimates impacts of invasive species

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 17-02-2020

DOI: 10.1038/S41559-020-1118-5

Natural and Regenerated Saltmarshes Exhibit Similar Soil and Belowground Organic Carbon Stocks, Root Production and Soil Respiration

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-04-2019

DOI: 10.1007/S10021-019-00373-X

Modelling above ground biomass accumulation of mangrove plantations in Vietnam

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.FORECO.2018.09.028

Mangrove dieback during fluctuating sea levels

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-05-2017

DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-01927-6

Abstract: Recent evidence indicates that climate change and intensification of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has increased variation in sea level. Although widespread impacts on intertidal ecosystems are anticipated to arise from the sea level seesaw associated with climate change, none have yet been demonstrated. Intertidal ecosystems, including mangrove forests are among those ecosystems that are highly vulnerable to sea level rise, but they may also be vulnerable to sea level variability and extreme low sea level events. During 16 years of monitoring of a mangrove forest in Mangrove Bay in north Western Australia, we documented two forest dieback events, the most recent one being coincident with the large-scale dieback of mangroves in the Gulf of Carpentaria in northern Australia. Diebacks in Mangrove Bay were coincident with periods of very low sea level, which were associated with increased soil salinization of 20–30% above pre-event levels, leading to canopy loss, reduced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and reduced recruitment. Our study indicates that an intensification of ENSO will have negative effects on some mangrove forests in parts of the Indo-Pacific that will exacerbate other pressures.

Nature-based solutions for atoll habitability

Publisher: The Royal Society

Date: 16-05-2022

DOI: 10.1098/RSTB.2021.0124

Abstract: Atoll societies have adapted their environments and social systems for thousands of years, but the rapid pace of climate change may bring conditions that exceed their adaptive capacities. There is growing interest in the use of ‘nature-based solutions' to facilitate the continuation of dignified and meaningful lives on atolls through a changing climate. However, there remains insufficient evidence to conclude that these can make a significant contribution to adaptation on atolls, let alone to develop standards and guidelines for their implementation. A sustained programme of research to clarify the potential of nature-based solutions to support the habitability of atolls is therefore vital. In this paper, we provide a prospectus to guide this research programme: we explain the challenge climate change poses to atoll societies, discuss past and potential future applications of nature-based solutions and outline an agenda for transdisciplinary research to advance knowledge of the efficacy and feasibility of nature-based solutions to sustain the habitability of atolls. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nurturing resilient marine ecosystems’.

Novelty trumps loss in global biodiversity

Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Date: 18-04-2014

DOI: 10.1126/SCIENCE.1252963

Abstract: Although global bio ersity is declining, local ecosystems are not systematically losing ersity, but rather experiencing rapid turnover in species. [Also see Report by Dornelas et al. ]

Modeled approaches to estimating blue carbon accumulation with mangrove restoration to support a blue carbon accounting method for Australia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-01-2022

DOI: 10.1002/LNO.12014

Abstract: The development and refinement of methods for estimating organic carbon accumulation in biomass and soils during mangrove restoration and rehabilitation can encourage uptake of restoration projects for their ecosystem services, including those of climate change mitigation, or blue carbon. To support the development of a blue carbon method for Australia under the Emission Reduction Fund scheme we investigated (1) whether carbon accumulation data from natural mangroves could be used to estimate carbon accumulation during restoration (2) modeling mangrove biomass accumulation and (3) how modeled carbon accumulation could be achieved over heterogeneous sites. First, we assessed carbon accumulation in soil and biomass pools from the global literature, finding that estimating carbon accumulation using data from natural mangroves provided similar estimates as those for restored or rehabilitated mangroves. We assessed mangrove biomass accumulation from global chronosequence studies, which we used to develop regional models for estimating biomass accumulation with restoration in Australia using values from local natural mangroves. Estimating biomass carbon accumulation using site‐based means of stand biomass provided similar estimates as values estimated through use of regional means values stratified by elevation and reduced overestimates of biomass carbon accumulation that were based on regional mean values. Modeling soil carbon accumulation over environmentally heterogeneous project sites can apply a similar approach, stratifying over variation in site elevation. Our analysis provides a strategy for modeling blue carbon pools for an Australian blue carbon method that accommodates regional differences and is based on data from natural mangroves.

Blue carbon from the past forecasts the future

Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Date: 05-06-2020

DOI: 10.1126/SCIENCE.ABC3735

Abstract: Coastal mangrove ecosystems must rise above sea level to survive

Selecting cost‐effective areas for restoration of ecosystem services

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-09-2014

DOI: 10.1111/COBI.12391

Abstract: Selection of areas for restoration should be based on cost-effectiveness analysis to attain the maximum benefit with a limited budget and overcome the traditional ad hoc allocation of funds for restoration projects. Restoration projects need to be planned on the basis of ecological knowledge and economic and social constraints. We devised a novel approach for selecting cost-effective areas for restoration on the basis of bio ersity and potential provision of 3 ecosystem services: carbon storage, water depuration, and coastal protection. We used Marxan, a spatial prioritization tool, to balance the provision of ecosystem services against the cost of restoration. We tested this approach in a mangrove ecosystem in the Caribbean. Our approach efficiently selected restoration areas that at low cost were compatible with bio ersity targets and that maximized the provision of one or more ecosystem services. Choosing areas for restoration of mangroves on the basis carbon storage potential, largely guaranteed the restoration of bio ersity and other ecosystem services.

Growth and physiology of nuisance alga Hincksia sordida during a bloom in South East Queensland, Australia

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2008

DOI: 10.1016/J.JEMBE.2008.06.023

University Of Queensland

Location: Australia

View Organisation

James Cook University

Location: Australia

View Organisation

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0561498

Start Date: 01-2006

End Date: 01-2009

Amount: $112,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Special Research Initiatives - Grant ID: NCGRT

Start Date: 07-2009

End Date: 12-2015

Amount: $14,999,996.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Super Science Fellowships - Grant ID: FS100100024

Start Date: 01-2011

End Date: 01-2014

Amount: $556,800.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP170101171

Start Date: 07-2019

End Date: 06-2022

Amount: $207,812.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP160100242

Start Date: 12-2016

End Date: 12-2020

Amount: $326,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP150104437

Start Date: 06-2015

End Date: 06-2018

Amount: $428,900.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Australian Laureate Fellowships - Grant ID: FL200100133

Start Date: 2021

End Date: 12-2025

Amount: $3,358,494.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP1096749

Start Date: 2010

End Date: 12-2012

Amount: $326,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0986179

Start Date: 2009

End Date: 02-2014

Amount: $240,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP220102873

Start Date: 04-2023

End Date: 03-2026

Amount: $335,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE170100219

Start Date: 2017

End Date: 12-2017

Amount: $170,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP160103669

Start Date: 06-2016

End Date: 12-2019

Amount: $413,500.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0774491

Start Date: 2007

End Date: 06-2010

Amount: $263,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council