Ben Miller

Sensitivity of plant functional types to climate change: classification tree analysis of a simulation model

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-2010

DOI: 10.1111/J.1654-1103.2009.01155.X

Anomalies in grasstree fire history reconstructions for south‐western Australian vegetation

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 30-08-2005

DOI: 10.1111/J.1442-9993.2005.01509.X

The influence of environmental drivers and restoration intervention methods on postmine restoration trajectories

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-08-2022

DOI: 10.1111/REC.13503

Abstract: Mining activity causes major changes in site topography, soil physical and chemical properties, hydrology, and biological assemblages. Reassembling plant communities in these highly altered environments is dependent on interactions between environmental drivers and management intervention techniques through time, yet the long‐term effects of these interactions have rarely been quantified. This study examined a 19‐year‐old, postmining woodland restoration chronosequence in southwest Australia to understand plant community compositional development in postmine restoration sites. We tested the effects of environmental drivers (rainfall regimes, site aspect, slope) and management intervention techniques (substrate ripping and material properties) in terms of four restoration criteria: species richness, plant density, vegetation cover, and compositional similarity to reference sites. Irrespective of environmental drivers or management intervention techniques, vegetation cover increased through time, while plant density and species richness declined. Bray–Curtis similarity to reference communities remained unchanged. Within these trends, ripping and first‐year rainfall significantly affected restoration criteria outcomes species richness and plant density were greatest when rainfall in the first winter immediately following site restoration was low but followed by a high summer rainfall. The most effective ripping depth was dependent on rainfall, deep‐ripped sites performed best when rainfall was high, and nonripped sites performed best under low‐mean rainfall conditions. Measured restoration criteria had not reached the levels of the target reference community after 19 years, which may be attributable to the still‐developing vegetation structure. This emphasizes the importance of assessing postmining restoration outcomes over longer time frames ( years) with implications for determining appropriate, time‐dependent completion criteria.

Seed production and germination in two rare and three common co-occurring Acacia species from south-east Australia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-2003

DOI: 10.1046/J.1442-9993.2003.T01-4-01287.X

Comparison of Post‐Mine Rehabilitated and Natural Shrubland Communities in Southwestern Australia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-2009

DOI: 10.1111/J.1526-100X.2008.00464.X

Seed ecology informs restoration approaches for threatened species in water-limited environments: a case study on the short-range Banded Ironstone endemic Ricinocarpos brevis (Euphorbiaceae)

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2017

DOI: 10.1071/BT17155

Abstract: Translocation of threatened species is challenging in semiarid environments, especially when seeds are the principal means of in situ establishment. Worldwide, the overall success of translocations using seeds is highly variable and generally unpredictable. Most seed-based translocations are embarked upon with limited understanding of the species’ seed biology or the nuances of the local abiotic environment in which to guide restoration approaches. For instance, within Australia just 14% of threatened species translocations use directly sown seeds and consequently, to improve the chances of restoration success, both the seed biology and the influence of the abiotic environment need to be adequately understood. We investigated these aspects in Ricinocarpos brevis R.J.F.Hend. & Mollemans – a short-range Banded Ironstone endemic – by focusing on a series of laboratory and field experiments to understand the key drivers of dormancy alleviation and germination promotion, as well as in-situ conditions of natural and recipient translocation sites. Fresh seeds were found to have high viability, fully developed linear embryos and possess physiological dormancy, with enhanced germination when exposed to smoke water, karrikinolide (KAR1) and gibberellic acid (GA3). Under laboratory conditions, seeds germinated over a range of temperatures (15−30°C), but germination was suppressed by light and highly sensitive to water stress. Seeds had reduced germination when sown on the soil surface, but could emerge from up to 13 cm in depth. Under field conditions, in-situ emergence was %. Using in-situ emergence results, soil loggers and rainfall data, we developed a model of the recruitment bottlenecks faced by this species under in-situ conditions, an approach that provides useful insights to assist future translocations. Understanding seed biology and seed ecology enables better insights into the principal bottlenecks restricting in-situ emergence and consequently restoration success, leading to the development of more effective approaches for conserving other threatened flora in future.

SOIL VS. CANOPY SEED STORAGE AND PLANT SPECIES COEXISTENCE IN SPECIES-RICH AUSTRALIAN SHRUBLANDS

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-2007

DOI: 10.1890/06-1343.1

Abstract: The fire-prone shrublands of southwestern Australia are renowned for their high plant species ersity and prominence of canopy seed storage (serotiny). We compared species richness, abundance, and life history attributes for soil and canopy seed banks in relation to extant vegetation among four sites with different substrate conditions and high species turnover (50-80%) to identify whether this unusual community-level organization of seed storage might contribute to maintenance of high species richness. Soil seed bank (SSB) densities were low to moderate (233-1435 seeds/m2) compared with densities for other Mediterranean-type vegetation and were lowest for sites with highest canopy seed bank (CSB) species richness and lowest nutrient availability, but not richness or abundance of resprouters. Annuals were infrequent in the lowest nutrient sites, but there was no evidence that small SSB size was due to low seed inputs or a trade-off between seed production/storage and seed size in response to low nutrient availability. Sorensen's similarity between SSB and extant vegetation was 26-43% but increased to 54-57% when the CSB was included, representing levels higher than reported for most other ecosystems. Resprouting species were well represented in both the SSB and CSB, and there was no evidence for lower seed production in resprouters than in non-sprouters overall. The SSB and CSB held no species in common and were characterized by markedly different seed dispersal attributes, with winged or small seeds in the CSB and seeds dispersed by ants, birds, and wind (though none with wings) in the SSB. There was no evidence of spatial differentiation in the distribution of seeds of SSB species between vegetated and open microsites that might facilitate species coexistence, but most woody non-sprouters showed aggregation at scales of 1-2 m, implying limited seed dispersal. High similarity between overall seed bank (SSB + CSB) and extant species composition, high number of resprouting species, and seed dispersal processes before (SSB) and after fire (CSB) leading to differential spatial aggregation of post-fire recruits from the two seed bank types may buffer species composition against rapid change and provide a mechanism for maintaining species coexistence at the local scale.

Livestock grazing impacts on desert vegetation, Khirthar National Park, Pakistan

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2007

DOI: 10.2111/06-143R1.1

A method for extensive spatiotemporal assessment of soil temperatures during an experimental fire using distributed temperature sensing in optical fibre

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.1071/WF17107

Abstract: The use of distributed temperature sensing (DTS) for ecological applications has increased rapidly in the last 6 years. Here we demonstrate the first use of DTS to measure soil temperatures during a fuel reduction burn – in an urban grassy Tuart–Banksia woodland remnant near Perth, Western Australia. Optical fibre with an acrylate material coating (diameter 242μm), but no other jacketing or cabling, was buried in the soil at depths between 0 and 5cm. Measurements were recorded over 316m of optical fibre using a DTS measurement unit, providing data over a 5.5-h period at 20-s intervals resulting in 1243 temporal measurements at 60-cm spatial resolution. Soil temperatures were calibrated to an error of±6.8% at 250°C. Methods for installation, calibration and data visualisation are presented. Issues associated with assessment of DTS data in a fire ecology context are discussed.

Fire‐related threats and transformational change in Australian ecosystems

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-04-2022

DOI: 10.1111/GEB.13500

Abstract: Megafire events generate immediate concern for wildlife and human well‐being, but their broader ecological impacts likely extend beyond in idual species and single fire events. In the first mechanistic study of fire effects focussed on ecosystems, we aimed to assess the sensitivity and exposure of ecosystems to multiple fire‐related threats, placing impacts in the context of changing fire regimes and their interactions with other threats. Southern and eastern Australia. 2019–2020. Australian ecosystems. We defined 15 fire‐related threats to ecosystems based on mechanisms associated with: (a) direct effects of fire regime components (b) interactions between fire and physical environmental processes (c) effects of fire on biological interactions and (d) interactions between fire and human activity. We estimated the sensitivity and exposure of a s le of 92 ecosystem types to each threat type based on published relationships and spatial analysis of the 2019–2020 fires. Twenty‐nine ecosystem types assessed had more than half of their distribution exposed to one or more threat types, and only three of those were listed as nationally threatened. Three fire‐related threat types posed the most severe threats to large numbers of ecosystem types: high frequency fire pre‐fire drought and post‐fire invasive predator activity. The ecosystem types most affected ranged from rain forests to peatlands, and included some, such as sclerophyllous eucalypt forests and heathlands, that are traditionally regarded as fire‐prone and fire‐adapted. Most impacts of the 2019–2020 fires on ecosystems became apparent only when they were placed in the context of the whole fire regime and its interactions with other threatening processes, and were not direct consequences of the megafire event itself. Our mechanistic approach enables ecosystem‐specific management responses for the most threatened ecosystem types to be targeted at underlying causes of degradation and decline.

Priority questions for biodiversity conservation in the Mediterranean biome: Heterogeneous perspectives across continents and stakeholders

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 29-08-2019

DOI: 10.1111/CSP2.118

Success of post-fire plant recovery strategies varies with shifting fire seasonality

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-2022

DOI: 10.1038/S43247-022-00453-2

Abstract: Wildfires are increasing in size and severity and fire seasons are lengthening, largely driven by climate and land-use change. Many plant species from fire-prone ecosystems are adapted to specific fire regimes corresponding to historical conditions and shifts beyond these bounds may have severe impacts on vegetation recovery and long-term species persistence. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis of field-based studies across different vegetation types and climate regions to investigate how post-fire plant recruitment, reproduction and survival are affected by fires that occur outside of the historical fire season. We find that fires outside of the historical fire season may lead to decreased post-fire recruitment, particularly in obligate seeding species. Conversely, we find a general increase in post-fire survival in resprouting species. Our results highlight the trade-offs that exist when considering the effects of changes in the seasonal timing of fire, an already present aspect of climate-related fire regime change.

Isolation and self-regulation processes in simulated postfire microsites promote plant species diversity

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2022

DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTAO.2021.103795

Spatial patterns in species‐rich sclerophyll shrublands of southwestern Australia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 29-01-2008

DOI: 10.3170/2008-8-18441

Error in the inference of fire history from grasstrees

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-11-2007

DOI: 10.1111/J.1442-9993.2007.01779.X

Subcontinental heat wave triggers terrestrial and marine, multi-taxa responses

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 30-08-2018

DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-31236-5

Abstract: Heat waves have profoundly impacted biota globally over the past decade, especially where their ecological impacts are rapid, erse, and broad-scale. Although usually considered in isolation for either terrestrial or marine ecosystems, heat waves can straddle ecosystems of both types at subcontinental scales, potentially impacting larger areas and taxonomic breadth than previously envisioned. Using climatic and multi-species demographic data collected in Western Australia, we show that a massive heat wave event straddling terrestrial and maritime ecosystems triggered abrupt, synchronous, and multi-trophic ecological disruptions, including mortality, demographic shifts and altered species distributions. Tree die-off and coral bleaching occurred concurrently in response to the heat wave, and were accompanied by terrestrial plant mortality, seagrass and kelp loss, population crash of an endangered terrestrial bird species, plummeting breeding success in marine penguins, and outbreaks of terrestrial wood-boring insects. These multiple taxa and trophic-level impacts spanned ,000 km 2 —comparable to the size of California—encompassing one terrestrial Global Bio ersity Hotspot and two marine World Heritage Areas. The subcontinental multi-taxa context documented here reveals that terrestrial and marine biotic responses to heat waves do not occur in isolation, implying that the extent of ecological vulnerability to projected increases in heat waves is underestimated.

Plant and environmental factors associated with drought-induced mortality in two facultative phreatophytic trees

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 20-02-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-016-2793-5

A research agenda for seed‐trait functional ecology

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 25-10-2018

DOI: 10.1111/NPH.15502

Abstract: Trait-based approaches have improved our understanding of plant evolution, community assembly and ecosystem functioning. A major challenge for the upcoming decades is to understand the functions and evolution of early life-history traits, across levels of organization and ecological strategies. Although a variety of seed traits are critical for dispersal, persistence, germination timing and seedling establishment, only seed mass has been considered systematically. Here we suggest broadening the range of morphological, physiological and biochemical seed traits to add new understanding on plant niches, population dynamics and community assembly. The ersity of seed traits and functions provides an important challenge that will require international collaboration in three areas of research. First, we present a conceptual framework for a seed ecological spectrum that builds upon current understanding of plant niches. We then lay the foundation for a seed-trait functional network, the establishment of which will underpin and facilitate trait-based inferences. Finally, we anticipate novel insights and challenges associated with incorporating erse seed traits into predictive evolutionary ecology, community ecology and applied ecology. If the community invests in standardized seed-trait collection and the implementation of rigorous databases, major strides can be made at this exciting frontier of functional ecology.

Do plant functional traits determine spatial pattern? A test on species‐rich shrublands, Western Australia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 27-09-2012

DOI: 10.1111/J.1654-1103.2012.01476.X

Impact of fire on plant-species persistence in post-mine restored and natural shrubland communities in southwestern Australia

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2009

DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOCON.2009.04.018

A framework for measuring the effects of disturbance in restoration projects

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 25-04-2021

DOI: 10.1111/REC.13379

Abstract: Ecological resilience is widely acknowledged as a vital attribute of successful ecosystem restoration, with potential for restoration practice to contribute to this goal. Hence, defining common metrics of resilience to naturally occurring disturbances is essential for restoration planning, efforts, and monitoring. Here, we reviewed how plant community ecologists have measured resilience of restoration projects to disturbances and propose a framework to guide measurement of restoration projects to disturbance. We found 22 studies that investigated the impact of disturbances on restoration projects, from three continents and for three disturbance types. Over half of the studies were from Australia, with the dataset biased toward fire responses of restored, or partially restored, forest ecosystems. Native plant species richness, cover, and density were common response variables. Studies varied in restoration context, design, response variables, and statistical approaches, limiting generalizations. Nonetheless we have identified several response variables that offer potential as lagging indicators (e.g. species richness) and leading indicators (e.g. recruitment) of resilience in erse vegetation types exposed to a variety of disturbance regimes. We suggest a third set of variables, proxy measures of resilience (e.g. functional redundancy), to complement lagging and leading indicators. We conclude with a framework to guide decisions about when to use each of the three types of measures to assess resilience of restoration projects to disturbance, providing some clarity to decision‐making despite the uncertainty of changing disturbance regimes. Lastly, we invite researchers to understand the impact of disturbance on the resilience of restoration projects, rather than assume resilience.

Covariation between intraspecific genetic diversity and species diversity within a plant functional group

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-08-2008

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2745.2008.01402.X

Contrasting impacts of pollen and seed dispersal on spatial genetic structure in the bird-pollinated Banksia hookeriana

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-11-2008

DOI: 10.1038/HDY.2008.118

Abstract: In plants, pollen- and seed-dispersal distributions are characteristically leptokurtic, with significant consequences for spatial genetic structure and nearest-neighbour mating. However, most studies to date have been on wind- or insect-pollinated species. Here, we assigned paternity to quantify effective pollen dispersal over 9 years of mating, contrasted this to seed dispersal and examined their effects on fine-scale spatial genetic structure, within the bird-pollinated shrub Banksia hookeriana (Proteaceae). We used 163 polymorphic lified fragment length polymorphism markers to assess genetic structure and pollen dispersal in a spatially discrete population of 112 plants covering 0.56 ha. Spatial autocorrelation analysis detected spatial genetic structure in the smallest distance class of 0-5 m (r=0.025), with no significant structure beyond 8 m. Experimentally quantified seed-dispersal distances for 337 seedlings showed a leptokurtic distribution around a median of 5 m, reaching a distance of 36 m. In marked contrast, patterns of pollen dispersal for 274 seeds departed strikingly from typical near-neighbour pollination, with a distribution largely corresponding to the spatial distribution of plants. We found very high multiple paternity, very low correlated paternity and an equal probability of siring for the 50 closest potential mates. Extensive pollen carryover was demonstrated by multiple siring in 83 of 86 (96.5%) two-seeded fruits. Highly mobile nectar-feeding birds facilitate this promiscuity through observed movements that were effectively random. As the incidence of bird-pollination is markedly greater in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region than elsewhere, our results have broad and novel significance for the evolution and conservation for many species in Gondwanan lineages.

Stress‐tolerator leaf traits determine population dynamics in the endangered New Caledonian conifer Araucaria muelleri

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-04-2013

DOI: 10.1111/AEC.12045

Ashes to ashes: Intense fires extinguish populations of urban short-range endemics

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 23-11-2019

DOI: 10.1111/AEC.12685

Assessing the importance of seed immigration on coexistence of plant functional types in a species-rich ecosystem

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2008

DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOLMODEL.2008.01.014

Anthropogenic disturbance promotes hybridization between Banksia species by altering their biology

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 18-06-2003

DOI: 10.1046/J.1420-9101.2003.00548.X

Abstract: Putative hybrids between Banksia hookeriana and B. prionotes were identified among 12 of 106 populations of B. hookeriana located at or near anthropogenically disturbed sites, mainly roadways, but none in 156 undisturbed populations. Morphometrics and AFLP markers confirmed that a hybrid swarm existed in a selected disturbed habitat, whereas no intermediates were present where the two species co-occurred in undisturbed vegetation. In iduals of both species in disturbed habitats at 12 sites were more vigorous, with greater size and more flower heads than their counterparts in undisturbed vegetation. These more fecund plants also showed a shift in season and duration of flowering. By promoting earlier flowering of B. hookeriana plants and prolonging flowering of B. prionotes, anthropogenic disturbance broke the phenological barrier between these two species. We conclude that anthropogenic disturbance promotes hybridization through increasing opportunities for gene flow by reducing interpopulation separation, increasing gamete production and, especially, promoting coflowering.

Resistance and resilience to changing climate and fire regime depend on plant functional traits

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-2014

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12306

The persistence and germination of fern spores in fire-prone, semi-arid environments

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2014

DOI: 10.1071/BT14193

Abstract: In addition to population regeneration, the spore phase provides ferns with a capacity for dispersal through space and time (if spores are able to survive for long periods), and buffers their populations against environmental extremes. Inhabiting dry and fire-prone environments provides specific challenges to ferns, and the traits of fern spores in relation to these challenges are not well understood. Their shallow, dense and fibrous root networks mean that the loss or establishment of fern populations in disturbed ecosystems may influence soil stability, and indicate a keystone role in ecosystem function and ecological restoration. Here, we examine the requirements for, and limits of, spore persistence and germination of three Cheilanthes Syn.Fil. (Pteridaceae) species, namely, optimal conditions for spore germination and prothallial growth, sensitivity to temperature extremes and spore longevity. Viability of fresh spores was assessed following exposure to temperature extremes (–20 to 250°C) or after incubation at a range of temperatures (10−35°C) and in light or dark conditions. Viability of spores from herbarium voucher specimens was also assessed, covering 3–65 years of storage. Maximal germination occurred among spores incubated between 20°C and 30°C in light. Further temperature variation within this range resulted in a ×10 difference in prothallial size. Germination was unaffected by 10 min of exposure to temperatures up to 100°C, but was reduced after exposure to temperatures of −20°C and 110°C. Germination of herbarium-stored spores demonstrated longevity of up to 15 years. This longevity, combined with high spore density in field soils (including at depth to at least 10 cm), very high germination under ideal conditions, and microscopic size, describes a disturbance-mediated propagule persistence strategy. Spores are non-persisting and will germinate if exposed to light and water, but do persist if buried. Germinable spore can be found 5 cm below the soil surface, and can persist for at least 15 years, but the light requirement for germination means that persistent spores can achieve germination only if exhumed. Elucidating these traits reveals a unique pathway for plant persistence, and contributes to the development of the restoration capacity of arid-environment ferns.

Genetic Variation and Biogeographic History in the Restricted Southwestern Australian Shrub,Banksia Hookeriana

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 2003

DOI: 10.2747/0272-3646.24.5.358

Dispersal, edaphic fidelity and speciation in species‐rich Western Australian shrublands: evaluating a neutral model of biodiversity

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 27-08-2009

DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0706.2009.17096.X

Record error and range contraction, real and imagined, in the restricted shrub Banksia hookeriana in south‐western Australia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 19-03-2007

DOI: 10.1111/J.1472-4642.2007.00348.X

Abstract: Banksia hookeriana Meissn. (Proteaceae) is a fire‐killed shrub endemic to the northern sandplains of south‐western Australia that could be described as endangered based on its small geographical range ( 5000 km 2 ) and area of occupancy (∼500 km 2 ). Impacts on the species’ geographical range by land clearance for farming and mining, and by altered fire regime, were investigated using three lines of evidence: records of herbarium collections, a comprehensive field survey of extant populations, and air photo and satellite images revealing the recent history of land clearance and fires. These show that the species’ range has contracted by up to 40% in area and 26% latitudinally through the loss of outlier and range limit populations since 1960. In addition, 22% of remaining native shrubland on the Eneabba sandplain has been lost over this period through clearing for farming and mining, representing further habitat loss for B. hookeriana . Detailed investigation of B . hookeriana herbarium collections ( n = 46) revealed important errors that artificially affected the geographical range of the species and emphasized the importance of close examination of all data captured from collection records. Recorded locations occurred hundreds of kilometres outside the current geographical range of the species in areas with different climate and substrate. Incorrect species identification of herbarium specimens further extended the apparent geographical range of the species. On the other hand, credible records indicated the loss of the species from localities at the limits of its range. Overall, a disconcertingly high proportion of records contained errors that may be difficult to identify without close examination of the original collections and detailed ground‐truthing. Were these records to be used to model climate envelopes, identify potential habitat where the species might occur, or might migrate to either as pests or under climate change scenarios, or to analyse evolutionary or ecological theory (for ex le) — as is now becoming commonplace — large errors may ensue.

Ants cannot account for interpopulation dispersal of the arillate pea Daviesia triflora

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 19-11-2008

DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2008.02686.X

Abstract: Estimating distances and rates of seed dispersal, especially long-distance dispersal (LDD), is critical for understanding the dynamics of patchily distributed populations and species' range shifts in response to environmental change. Daviesia triflora (Papilionaceae) is an ant-dispersed shrub. The ant Rhytidoponera violacea was recorded dispersing its seeds to a maximum distance of 4.7 m, and in more intensive trials seeds of a related species from the study area, to a maximum of 8.1 m. Microsatellite DNA markers and population assignment tests identified interpopulation immigrants among 764 plants on 23 adjacent dunes bearing D. triflora, and 13 interpopulation seed dispersal (LDD) events (1.7%) were inferred. The distance between source and sink populations ranged from 410 m to 2350 m (mean 1260 m). These distances exceed ant dispersal distances by two to three orders of magnitude but are comparable with previous measurements of LDD for two co-occurring wing-seeded (wind-dispersed) species from the same system. The observed distances of seed dispersal in this arillate species demonstrate the significance of nonstandard dispersal mechanisms in LDD and the independence of these from primary dispersal syndromes. The likely role of emus in dispersal of the many 'ant-dispersed' species in Australia is discussed.

Desert vegetation and vegetation-environment relationships in Kirthar National Park, Sindh, Pakistan

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2005

DOI: 10.1016/J.JARIDENV.2004.09.009

Environmental Factors Driving Seed Hydration Status of Soil Seed Banks and the Implications for Post-fire Recruitment

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 05-01-2022

DOI: 10.3389/FPLS.2021.795003

Abstract: Changes in fire regimes due to climate change and fire management practices are affecting the timing, length, and distribution of vegetation fires throughout the year. Plant species responses and tolerances to fire differ from season to season and are influenced by species-specific phenological processes. The ability of seeds to tolerate extreme temperatures associated with fire is one of these processes, with survival linked to seed moisture content at the time of exposure. As fire is more often occurring outside historic dry fire seasons, the probability of fire occurring when seeds are hydrated may also be increasing. In this study, we set out to understand the seasonal dynamics of seed hydration for seeds of Banksia woodland species, and how certain seed traits interact with environmental conditions to influence survival of high temperatures associated with fire. We measured the moisture content of seeds buried to 2 cm in the soil seed bank for four common native species and one invasive species on a weekly basis throughout 2017, along with soil moisture content and environmental correlates. We determined water sorption isotherms at 20°C for seeds of each species and used these functions to model weekly variation in seed water activity and predict when seeds are most sensitive to soil heating. Using Generalised additive models (GAMs), we were able to describe approximately 67% of the weekly variance in seed water activity and explored differences in seed hydration dynamics between species. Seed water activity was sufficiently high (i.e., ≥ 0.85 a w ) so as to have created an increased risk of mortality if a fire had occurred during an almost continuous period between May and November in the study period (i.e., 2017). There were brief windows when seeds may have been in a dry state during early winter and late spring, and also when they may have been in a wet state during summer and late autumn. These data, and the associated analyses, provide an opportunity to develop approaches to minimize seed mortality during fire and maximize the seed bank response.

Environmental correlates of vegetation patterns and species richness in the northern Grampians, Victoria

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-1994

DOI: 10.1111/J.1442-9993.1994.TB00479.X

Temperature-induced self-sealing capability of Banksia follicles

Publisher: The Royal Society

Date: 06-2018

DOI: 10.1098/RSIF.2018.0190

Abstract: Many plants in fire-prone regions retain their seeds in woody fruits in the plant canopy until the passage of a fire causes the fruit to open and release the seeds. To enable this function, suitable tissues are required that effectively store and protect seeds until they are released. Here, we show that three different species of the Australian genus Banksia incorporate waxes at the interface of the two valves of the follicle enclosing the seeds, which melt between 45°C and 55°C. Since the melting temperature of the waxes is lower than the opening temperatures of the follicles in all investigated species ( B. candolleana , B. serrata , B. attenuata ), we propose that melting of these waxes allows the sealing of micro-fissures at the interface of the two valves while they are still closed. Such a self-sealing mechanism likely contributes to the structural integrity of the seed pods, and benefits seed viability and persistence during storage on the plants. Furthermore, we show in a simplified, bioinspired model system that temperature treatments seal artificially applied surface cuts and restore the barrier properties.

Biomass and litter accumulation patterns in species-rich shrublands for fire hazard assessment

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2014

DOI: 10.1071/WF13006

Abstract: Fuel age is an imprecise surrogate for fire hazard in species-rich Mediterranean-type shrublands. We present an efficient method for aerial biomass and litter estimation of shrublands on sandy and calcareous substrates in south-western Australia that enables fuel accumulation patterns to be compared independently of vegetation age. For sites ranging 3–16 years since last fire, total available fuel loads were 2.7–7.6tha–1 for the sandplain and 2.6–8.14tha–1 for the calcareous shrublands. Despite calcareous shrublands having higher soil nutrient concentrations and winter rainfall, total available fuel loads were similar between community types over the range of fuel ages examined. Sandplain biomass was dominated by resprouters and calcareous sites, by non-sprouters. Topographic variation in fuel loads was observed among sandplain sites, with greater available biomass and litter on the deeper sands of dunes compared to swales. More rapid fuel accumulation at the youngest sites and more uniform canopy structure in the calcareous shrublands indicate that they have the potential to support fire at shorter intervals than the sandplain. For each community type, an allometric equation based on the relationship between average maximum plant height and total available fuel was derived that enables rapid estimation of fuel loads that is more accurate than using fuel age.

A framework for the practical science necessary to restore sustainable, resilient, and biodiverse ecosystems

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 15-12-2016

DOI: 10.1111/REC.12475

Long‐distance seed dispersal in a metapopulation of Banksia hookeriana inferred from a population allocation analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphism data

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 27-02-2004

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-294X.2004.02120.X

Fire behaviour in south-western Australian shrublands: Evaluating the influence of fuel age and fire weather

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2012

DOI: 10.1071/WF11065

Abstract: Fuel age (time since last fire) is often used to approximate fire hazard and informs decisions on placement of shrubland management burns worldwide. However, uncertainty remains concerning the relative importance of fuel age and weather conditions as predictors of fire hazard and behaviour. Using data from 35 experimental burns across three types of shrublands in Western Australia, we evaluated importance of fuel age and fire weather on probability of fire propagation (hazard) and four metrics of fire behaviour (rate of spread, fireline intensity, residence time, surface temperature) under moderate to high fire danger weather conditions. We found significant support for a threshold effect of fuel age for fire propagation but limited evidence for an effect of fuel age or fire weather on rates of spread or fireline intensity, although surface heating and heating duration were significantly related to fuel age and shrubland type. Further analysis suggested that dead fuel mass and accumulation rate rather than live fuels were responsible for this relationship. Using BEHAVE, predicted spread rates and intensities were consistently lower than observed values, suggesting further refinement is needed in modelling shrubland fire behaviour. These data provide important insight into fire behaviour in globally significant, fire-adapted shrublands, informing fire management and relationships between fire frequency and fire intensity.

Matrix-level co-occurrence metrics are sensitive to sampling grain: a case study in species-rich shrublands

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 14-08-2020

DOI: 10.1007/S11258-020-01063-8

A comparison of methods for the statistical analysis of spatial point patterns in plant ecology

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 30-03-2006

DOI: 10.1007/S11258-006-9133-4

Drivers of post‐fire resprouting success in restored Banksia woodlands

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 26-10-2023

DOI: 10.1111/AEC.13447

Mechanisms of Fire Seasonality Effects on Plant Populations

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.TREE.2019.07.009

Abstract: Altered fire regimes resulting from climate change and human activity threaten many terrestrial ecosystems. However, we lack a holistic and detailed understanding of the effects of altering one key fire regime component - season of fire. Altered fire seasonality can strongly affect post-fire recovery of plant populations through interactions with plant phenology. We identify seven key mechanisms of fire seasonality effects under a conceptual demographic framework and review evidence for these. We reveal negative impacts of altered fire seasonality and identify research gaps for mechanisms and climate types for future analyses of fire seasonality effects within the identified demographic framework. This framework and these mechanisms can inform critical decisions for conservation, land management, and fire management policy development globally.

Long‐distance dispersal of seeds in the fire‐tolerant shrub Banksia attenuata

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-2009

DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0587.2008.05689.X

Fire interval effects on persistence of resprouter species in Mediterranean-type shrublands

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 16-09-2011

DOI: 10.1007/S11258-011-9970-7

Experimental seed sowing reveals seedling recruitment vulnerability to unseasonal fire

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-08-2021

DOI: 10.1002/EAP.2411

Abstract: Unseasonal fire occurrence is increasing globally, driven by climate change and other human activity. Changed timing of fire can inhibit postfire seedling recruitment through interactions with plant phenology (the timing of key processes, e.g., flower initiation, seed production, dispersal, germination), and therefore threaten the persistence of many plant species. Although empirical evidence from winter‐rainfall ecosystems shows that optimal seedling recruitment is expected following summer and autumn (dry season) fires, we sought experimental evidence isolating the mechanisms of poor recruitment following unseasonal (wet season) fire. We implemented a seed‐sowing experiment using nine species native to fire‐prone, Mediterranean‐climate woodlands in southwestern Australia to emulate the timing of postfire recruitment and test key mechanisms of fire seasonality effects. For seeds sown during months when fire is unseasonal (i.e., August–September: end of the wet winter season), seedling recruitment was reduced by up to 99% relative to seeds sown during seasonal fire months (i.e., May–June: end of the dry summer season) because of varying seed persistence, seedling emergence, and seedling survival. We found that up to 70 times more seedlings emerged when seeds were sown during seasonal fire months compared to when seeds were sown during unseasonal fire months. The few seedlings that emerged from unseasonal sowings all died with the onset of the dry season. Of the seeds that failed to germinate from unseasonal sowings, only 2% survived exposure on the soil surface over the ensuing hot and dry summer. Our experimental results demonstrate the potential for unseasonal fire to inhibit seedling recruitment via impacts on pregermination seed persistence and seedling establishment. As ongoing climate change lengthens fire seasons (i.e., unseasonal wildfires become more common) and managed fires are implemented further outside historically typical fire seasons, postfire seedling recruitment may become more vulnerable to failure, causing shifts in plant community composition towards those with fewer species solely dependent on seeds for regeneration.

High‐resolution distribution modeling of a threatened short‐range endemic plant informed by edaphic factors

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 15-12-2020

DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.5933

Abstract: Short‐range endemic plants often have edaphic specializations that, with their restricted distributions, expose them to increased risk of anthropogenic extinction. Here, we present a modeling approach to understand habitat suitability for Ricinocarpos brevis R.J.F.Hend. & Mollemans (Euphorbiaceae), a threatened shrub confined to three isolated populations in the semi‐arid south‐west of Western Australia. The model is a maximum entropy species distribution projection constructed on the basis of physical soil characteristics and geomorphology data at approximately 25 m 2 (1 arc‐second) resolution. The model predicts the species to occur on shallow, low bulk density soils that are located high in the landscape. The model shows high affinity (72.1% average likelihood of occurrence) for the known populations of R. brevis , as well as identifying likely locations that are not currently known to support the species. There was a strong relationship between the likelihood of R. brevis occurrence and soil moisture content that the model estimated at a depth of 20 cm. We advocate that our approach should be standardized using publicly available data to generate testable hypotheses for the distribution and conservation management of short‐range endemic plant species for all of continental Australia.

Restoring a Threatened Ecological Community: Defining and Achieving Restoration Targets

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 07-2022

DOI: 10.1002/BES2.1993

Restoration of Open-Cut Mining in Semi-Arid Systems: A Synthesis of Long-Term Monitoring Data and Implications for Management

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 24-05-2017

DOI: 10.1002/LDR.2746

An approach to defining and achieving restoration targets for a threatened plant community.

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-07-2022

DOI: 10.1002/EAP.2613

Abstract: Connecting scientific research and government policy is essential for achieving objectives in sustaining bio ersity in an economic context. Our approach to connecting theoretical ecology, applied ecology, and policy was devised using principles of restoration ecology and the requisite methodology to restore bio erse ecosystems. Using a threatened ecological community (TEC) with >120 plant species, we posit our approach as a guide for interpreting and achieving regulatory compliance (i.e., government conditions) enacted to manage or offset environmental impacts of development. We inform the scientific approach necessary to delivering outcomes appropriate to policy intent and bio erse restoration through theoretical and applied research into the ecological restoration of the highly endemic flora of banded ironstone formations of the Mid West of Western Australia. Our approach (1) defines scale-appropriate restoration targets that meet regulatory compliance (e.g., Government of Western Australia Ministerial Conditions) (2) determines the optimal method to return in idual plant species to the restoration landscape (3) develops a conceptual model for our system, based on existing restoration frameworks, to optimize and facilitate the pathway to the restoration of a vegetation community (e.g., TEC) using erse research approaches and (4) develops an assessment protocol to compare restoration achievements against the expected regulatory outcomes using our experimental restoration trials as a test ex le. Our approach systematically addressed the complex challenges in setting and achieving restoration targets for an entire vegetation community, a first for a semiarid environment. We interpret our approach as an industry application relevant to policy- or regulator-mediated mine restoration programs that seek to return bio erse species assemblages at landscape scales.

Interactions between soil covers and rainfall affect post-mining plant restoration in a semi-arid Banded Iron Formation

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOLENG.2020.106101

Soil seed bank development of smoke‐responsive plant species in a 23‐year restoration chronosequence and implications for resilience to fire

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 2023

DOI: 10.1111/AVSC.12713

Abstract: Responses of ecological restoration projects to disturbances are rarely explored, yet their capacity to withstand and recover from disturbance (resilience) is a critical measure of restoration success. In many plant communities, the soil seed bank (SSB) provides an important source of propagules for species persistence and community resilience to disturbance. Understanding how SSBs develop with time can inform restoration of resilient ecosystems. Here, in fire‐prone Banksia woodland restoration following sand mining, we ask: (a) how does the smoke‐responsive (dormancy broken by smoke) SSB develop over time (b) what plant‐trait and climate factors influence its development and (c) what do the data suggest for the resilience of these restored woodlands to fire? Ellenbrook, Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia (latitude −31.76, longitude 115.95). We used smoke, a key germination cue associated with fire disturbance, to trigger germination of the SSB in Banksia woodland restoration. Using a chronosequence of nine ages between 3 and 26 years since initiation of restoration, we tested how the SSB develops using counts and richness of germinating native and invasive annuals, and native perennial obligate seeding and resprouting species. To understand the contribution of above‐ground restored vegetation to SSB development, we compared Sørensen's similarity of the smoke germinable SSB (smoked SSB) and untreated germinable SSB (control SSB) with above‐ground vegetation. Smoked SSB germinant density decreased with restoration age for both native and invasive annuals, but was stable for native perennials. Similarity between smoked SSB and above‐ground vegetation was higher for perennial obligate seeders than for resprouters and peaked for perennials at 23 years. Post‐fire regeneration potential of the SSB was evident across the chronosequence, with restoration age influencing the density of native annuals and overall composition of the SSB. The findings for perennial species suggest an increase in resilience to fire with restoration age.

Seed traits determine species' responses to fire under varying soil heating scenarios

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 23-07-2020

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13623

Seed germination traits of desert perennials

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 25-07-2017

DOI: 10.1007/S11258-017-0753-7

Overcoming topsoil deficits in restoration of semiarid lands: Designing hydrologically favourable soil covers for seedling emergence

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOLENG.2017.04.033

Low-dimensional trade-offs fail to explain richness and structure in species-rich plant communities

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-10-2010

DOI: 10.1007/S12080-010-0092-Y

Seed Dormancy Interacts with Fire Seasonality Mechanisms

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.TREE.2020.09.008

Seed moisture content as a primary trait regulating the lethal temperature thresholds of seeds

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-12-2019

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13095

Fire Seasonality Mechanisms Are Fundamental for Understanding Broader Fire Regime Effects

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.TREE.2020.08.002

Performance of nonparametric species richness estimators in a high diversity plant community

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 07-2003

DOI: 10.1046/J.1472-4642.2003.00027.X

Persistence of rare species depends on rare events: demography, fire response and phenology of two plant species endemic to a semiarid Banded Iron Formation range

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2019

DOI: 10.1071/BT18214

Abstract: The association of rare plant species and Banded Iron Formation (BIF) ranges in semiarid Western Australia is a noted phenomenon. These ranges are also a focus of iron ore exploration and mining. Decisions and planning required for development, conservation and management resulting from this interest, often consider translocation of these threatened species. Nonetheless, little is known about the ecology of BIF-endemic species to support any such decisions. We assessed population structure, patterns of growth, mortality, recruitment, reproduction and in situ seedbank persistence for two declared rare flora species. The shrub Darwinia masonii, and sedge Lepidosperma gibsonii are endemic to an area & km2 on the south-western boundary of the Australian arid zone. Both species were found to be long lived and slow growing, with evidence for reliance on rare events such as fire, and high rainfall years, including, for some processes, consecutive high rainfall years for growth, reproduction and recruitment. Retrieval and germination of seed batches shows that both species’ seedbanks are long-lived, with seasonal dormancy cycling. This, together with the ability of mature plants to survive through years not supporting growth, and, for L. gibsonii, to resprout after fire, are key mechanism for persistence in this unpredictable and low rainfall environment.

Nearest‐neighbour interactions in species‐rich shrublands: the roles of abundance, spatial patterns and resources

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 28-01-2009

DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0706.2008.16947.X

A framework for developing completion criteria for mine closure and rehabilitation

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2020.111078

Stochastic geometry best explains spatial associations among species pairs and plant functional types in species‐rich shrublands

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-06-2013

DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0706.2013.00400.X

Demographic, seed and microsite limitations to seedling recruitment in semi-arid mine site restoration

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-05-2020

DOI: 10.1007/S11104-019-04081-2

Fire Seasonality Effect on Post-Fire Wind Dispersal: Response to Keith, Dunker, and Driscoll

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.TREE.2019.12.009

Climate‐Dependent Heat‐Triggered Opening Mechanism of Banksia Seed Pods

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 13-12-2017

DOI: 10.1002/ADVS.201700572

Identifying germination opportunities for threatened plant species in episodic ecosystems by linking germination profiles with historic rainfall events

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2019

DOI: 10.1071/BT18215

Abstract: Dynamic processes of seed germination, influenced by niche–climate interactions, underpin successful seedling establishment. For threatened species with niches restricted to specific landforms, such as Banded Ironstone Formations (BIF), understanding germination opportunities in relation to long-term rainfall patterns can be critical for management. We quantified germination profiles (germinating fraction and speed with varying dormancy states) from six taxonomically erse threatened species that are endemic to BIF in Western Australia, and related this to historic rainfall patterns and events. The upper limit of the germination profiles (i.e. for dormancy-alleviated seed) was 1.2–60 times higher (germinating fraction Gmax) and 1.1–4 times faster (T10) than the lower profile limit (i.e. dormancy not alleviated) in the physiologically dormant species studied (Tetratheca paynterae Alford subsp. paynterae and T. erubescens J.P.Bull Ricinocarpos brevis R.J.F.Hend. & Mollemans Darwinia masonii C.A.Gardner Lepidosperma gibsonii R.L.Barrett). Seeds of Banksia arborea (C.A.Gardner) A.R.Mast & K.R.Thiele are non-dormant and had a germination profile similar to this upper limit. The minimum period of moisture required for germination was less than eight consecutive days and our simple moisture model, based on historic rainfall patterns for their localities, indicated that these periods have likely occurred 16 times in the last 100 years. We suggest that these BIF species are likely committing to germination during heightened rainfall periods, despite these periods being infrequent and irregular. Understanding the germination profiles of range-restricted species provides important insights into the environmental filters regulating recruitment and supports the development of more effective management and conservation approaches for protecting these species.

Spatio-temporal water dynamics in mature Banksia menziesii trees during drought

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-03-2014

DOI: 10.1111/PPL.12170

Abstract: Southwest Australian Banksia woodlands are highly erse plant communities that are threatened by drought- or temperature-induced mortality due to the region's changing climate. We examined water relations in dominant Banksia menziesii R. Br. trees using magnetic leaf patch cl pressure (ZIM-) probes that allow continuous, real-time monitoring of leaf water status. Multiple ZIM-probes across the crown were complemented by traditional ecophysiological measurements. During summer, early stomatal downregulation of transpiration prevented midday balancing pressures from exceeding 2.5 MPa. Diurnal patterns of ZIM-probe and pressure chamber readings agreed reasonably well, however, ZIM-probes recorded short-term dynamics, which are impossible to capture using a pressure chamber. Simultaneous recordings of three ZIM-probes evenly spaced along leaf laminas revealed intrafoliar turgor gradients, which, however, did not develop in a strictly basi- or acropetal fashion and varied with cardinal direction. Drought stress manifested as increasing daily signal litude (low leaf water status) and occasionally as rising baseline at night (delayed rehydration). These symptoms occurred more often locally than across the entire crown. Microclimate effects on leaf water status were strongest in crown regions experiencing peak morning radiation (East and North). Extreme spring temperatures preceded the sudden death of B. menziesii trees, suggesting a temperature- or humidity-related tipping point causing rapid hydraulic failure as evidenced by collapsing ZIM-probe readings from an affected tree. In a warmer and drier future, increased frequency of B. menziesii mortality will result in significantly altered community structure and ecosystem function.

Late Quaternary climate change and spatial genetic structure in the shrub Banksia hookeriana

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 14-03-2006

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-294X.2006.02860.X

A threatened ecological community

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2021

DOI: 10.1071/BT20089

Abstract: The rapid expansion of urban areas worldwide is leading to native habitat loss and ecosystem fragmentation and degradation. Although the study of urbanisation’s impact on bio ersity is gaining increasing interest globally, there is still a disconnect between research recommendations and urbanisation strategies. Expansion of the Perth metropolitan area on the Swan Coastal Plain in south-western Australia, one of the world’s thirty-six bio ersity hotspots, continues to affect the Banksia Woodlands (BWs) ecosystem, a federally listed Threatened Ecological Community (TEC). Here, we utilise the framework of a 1989 review of the state of knowledge of BWs ecology and conservation to examine scientific advances made in understanding the composition, processes and functions of BWs and BWs’ species over the last 30 years. We highlight key advances in our understanding of the ecological function and role of mechanisms in BWs that are critical to the management of this ecosystem. The most encouraging change since 1989 is the integration of research between historically disparate ecological disciplines. We outline remaining ecological knowledge gaps and identify key research priorities to improve conservation efforts for this TEC. We promote a holistic consideration of BWs with our review providing a comprehensive document that researchers, planners and managers may reference. To effectively conserve ecosystems threatened by urban expansion, a range of stakeholders must be involved in the development and implementation of best practices to conserve and maintain both bio ersity and human wellbeing.

Community‐level spatial structure supports a model of stochastic geometry in species‐rich shrublands

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-12-2016

DOI: 10.1111/OIK.03680

Contrasting spatial pattern and pattern-forming processes in natural vs. restored shrublands

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 28-04-2010

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2664.2010.01816.X

Development, Application and Place of Neutral Theory in Ecology and Biogeography

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-2010

DOI: 10.1111/J.1749-8198.2010.00354.X

Anomalies in grasstree fire history reconstructions for south‐western Australian vegetation: Reply from Enright N. J., Lamont B. B. and Miller B. P.

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 21-08-2006

DOI: 10.1111/J.1442-9993.2006.01676.X

Mapping risk to plant populations from short fire intervals via relationships between maturation period and environmental productivity

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 03-03-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S11258-022-01229-6

University Of Melbourne

Location: Australia

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Department Of Biodiversity, Conservation And Attractions

Location: Australia

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Botanic Gardens And Parks Authority

Location: Australia

View Organisation

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP140100736

Start Date: 02-2015

End Date: 04-2019

Amount: $300,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP130100162

Start Date: 2014

End Date: 12-2017

Amount: $398,961.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP160100996

Start Date: 01-2017

End Date: 12-2024

Amount: $455,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP150101111

Start Date: 06-2016

End Date: 11-2019

Amount: $355,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP180100741

Start Date: 02-2020

End Date: 02-2024

Amount: $453,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council