ORCID Profile
0000-0001-9275-8879
Current Organisations
Australian National University North Australia Research Unit
,
University of Nottingham
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.12855
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 22-01-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-10-2020
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.15392
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-03-2023
Publisher: La Trobe University
Date: 2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-07-2022
DOI: 10.1111/DDI.13590
Abstract: Networks of connected marine protected areas (MPAn) are recognized as the key area‐based management tool to preserve bio ersity, moderate exploitation of marine resources and increase ecological resilience to climate change. Although population genetic studies could greatly benefit connectivity assessments between MPAs, genetic data are rarely used in MPAn planning. Here, we aim to illustrate the use of a multispecies and multilocus approach to provide recommendations for MPAn design, highlighting the importance of the species selected and the analyses performed. Our study is focused on the Southern Ocean, an area of keen multinational interest given its scientific significance, economic importance and its unique, shared legal status. South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands MPA (SGSSI MPA), the South Orkney Islands and the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP)—where an MPA was proposed in 2018 (Domain 1 MPA) but has not been approved by the Commission for the Conservation of the Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Our datasets include 819 in iduals from five different species with contrasting life‐history strategies: two nemerteans ( Antarctonemertes valida and A. riesgoae ), two annelids ( Pterocirrus giribeti and Neanthes kerguelensis ) and one sponge ( Mycale [Oxymycale] acerata ). To identify genetic connectivity patterns in our study area, spanning roughly 2500 km, we used the COI mitochondrial marker and genome‐wide ddRADseq‐derived SNPs. A consistent lack of connectivity between SGSSI MPA and the WAP was found for all studied species. Additionally, our data indicated a stepping‐stone role for the South Orkney Islands between these two genetically differentiated regions. Our results reveal how the application of comparative phylogeography and population genomics can guide policymakers in their decision‐making process during MPAn design. We detected priority areas for conservation in Antarctica, including the South Orkney Islands and the WAP, providing strong evidence for the implementation of the Domain 1 MPA.
Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
Date: 15-05-2018
DOI: 10.3897/ZOOKEYS.758.23485
Abstract: This new dataset presents occurrence data for Porifera collected in the Ross Sea, mainly in the Terra Nova Bay area, and curated at the Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, section of Genoa). Specimens were collected in 331 different s ling stations at depths ranging from 17 to 1,100 meters in the framework of 17 different Italian Antarctic expeditions funded by the Italian National Antarctic Research Program (PNRA). A total of 807 specimens, belonging to 144 morphospecies (i.e., 95 taxa identified at species level and 49 classified at least at the genus level) is included in the dataset. Nearly half (45%) of the species reported here correspond to species already known for Terra Nova Bay. Out of the remaining 55% previously unknown records, under a third (~29%) were classified at the species level, while over a quarter (~26%) were ascribed to the genus level only and these would require further study. All vouchers are permanently curated at the MNA and are available for study to the scientific community. A 3D model of an uncommon species from the Ross Sea, i.e. Tethyopsisbrondstedi (Burton, 1929), is also presented and will be made available for outreach purposes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-01-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 09-08-2013
DOI: 10.1017/S0954102012000612
Abstract: Ophiuroids are a conspicuous and often dominant component of the Antarctic continental shelf benthos. Here we report on the ophiuroids collected from the Burdwood Bank, off the Patagonian Shelf, through the shallow water areas of the Scotia Arc, down the west Antarctic Peninsula and as far south as Pine Island Bay in the eastern Amundsen Sea. This preliminary and primarily pattern based study identifies some regional differences in assemblages and highlights the role of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current as a barrier, as well as a facilitator, to dispersal. In order to effectively compare between studies we highlight the need for accurate, expert taxonomic identification of specimens.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1002/NME.1581
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-05-2015
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/IS16020
Abstract: This study reviews the taxonomy and biogeography of carnivorous sponges (family Cladorhizidae) in the Southern Ocean. Specimens were collected from seamounts in the Drake Passage by dredging and trawling and biogeographical information from other sources was compiled and reviewed. Eight new species of carnivorous sponges are described: Abyssocladia leverhulmei, sp. nov., Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) sarsensis, sp. nov., A. (A.) gemmae, sp. nov., A. (A.) rhaphidiophorus, sp. nov., Asbestopluma (Helophloeina) keraia, sp. nov., Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) saffronae, sp. nov., Cladorhiza scanlonae, sp. nov. and Lycopodina drakensis, sp. nov. Specimens of three previously described species, L. callithrix, L. calyx and A. (A.) bitrichela, were also found. These new records increase the number of known carnivorous sponge species in the Southern Ocean by more than a third. We demonstrate that the Cladorhizidae is the second most species-rich family of Demospongiae in the Southern Ocean and many of its species are highly endemic, with 70% found only in this region. Southern Ocean species represent close to 20% of all known carnivorous sponges. This study highlights the importance of seamount and bathyal benthic habitats for supporting the rich and endemic carnivorous sponge fauna of the Southern Ocean.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-01-2014
DOI: 10.1186/SCRT394
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 18-02-2023
DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.16.528770
Abstract: Marine imagery is a comparatively cost-effective way to collect data on seafloor organisms, bio ersity and habitat morphology. However, annotating these images to extract detailed biological information is time-consuming and expensive, and reference libraries of consistently annotated seafloor images are rarely publicly available. Here, we present the Antarctic Seafloor Annotated Imagery Database (AS-AID), a result of a multinational collaboration to collate and annotate regional seafloor imagery datasets from 19 Antarctic research cruises between 1985 and 2019. AS-AID comprises of 3,599 georeferenced downward facing seafloor images that have been labelled with a total of 615,051 expert annotations. Annotations are based on the CATAMI (Collaborative and Automated Tools for Analysis of Marine Imagery) classification scheme and have been reviewed by experts. In addition, because the pixel location of each annotation within each image is available, annotations can be viewed easily and customised to suit in idual research priorities. This dataset can be used to investigate species distributions, community patterns, it provides a reference to assess change through time, and can be used to train algorithms to automatically detect and annotate marine fauna.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 17-11-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.15.384131
Abstract: Understanding the vulnerability of marine calcifiers to ocean acidification is a critical issue, especially in the Southern Ocean (SO), which is likely to be the one of the first, and most severely affected regions. Since the industrial revolution, ~30% of anthropogenic CO 2 has been absorbed by the oceans. Seawater pH levels have already decreased by 0.1 and are predicted to decline by ~ 0.3 by the year 2100. This process, known as ocean acidification (OA), is shallowing the saturation horizon, which is the depth below which calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) dissolves, likely increasing the vulnerability of many marine calcifiers to dissolution. The negative impact of OA may be seen first in species depositing more soluble CaCO 3 mineral phases such as aragonite and high-Mg calcite (HMC). These negative effects may become even exacerbated by increasing sea temperatures. Here we combine a review and a quantitative meta-analysis to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge about skeletal mineralogy of major taxonomic groups of SO marine calcifiers and to make predictions about how OA might affect different taxa. We consider their geographic range, skeletal mineralogy, biological traits and potential strategies to overcome OA. The meta-analysis of studies investigating the effects of the OA on a range of biological responses such as shell state, development and growth rate shows response variation depending on mineralogical composition. Species-specific responses due to mineralogical composition suggest taxa with calcitic, aragonitic and HMC skeletons may be more vulnerable to the expected carbonate chemistry alterations, and low magnesium calcite (LMC) species may be mostly resilient. Environmental and biological control on the calcification process and/or Mg content in calcite, biological traits and physiological processes are also expected to influence species specific responses.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-11-2019
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 24-07-2012
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Date: 08-2013
DOI: 10.2174/09298673113209990032
Abstract: The contribution of adult stem cells to cardiac repair is mostly ascribed to an indirect paracrine effect, rather than to their actual engraftment and differentiation into new contractile and vascular cells. This effect consists in a direct reduction of host cell death, promotion of neovascularization, and in a "bystander effect" on local inflammation. A number of cytokines secreted by adult stem rogenitor cells has been proposed to be responsible for the consistent beneficial effect reported in the early attempts to deliver different stem cell subsets to the injured myocardium. Aiming to maximize their beneficial activity on the diseased myocardium, the genetic modification of adult stem cells to enhance and/or control the secretion of specific cytokines would turn them into active drug delivery vectors. On the other hand, engineering biocompatible scaffolds as to release paracrine factors could result in multiple advantages: (1) achieve a local controlled release of the drug of interest, thus minimizing off-target effects, (2) enhance stem cell retention in the injured area and (3) boost the beneficial paracrine effects exerted by adult stem cells on the host tissue. In the present review, a critical overview of the state-of-the-art in the modification of stem cells and the functionalization of biocompatible scaffolds to deliver beneficial soluble factors to the injured myocardium is offered. Besides the number of concerns to be addressed before a clinical application can be foreseen for such concepts, this path could translate into the generation of active scaffolds as smart cell and drug delivery systems for cardiac repair.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
Date: 18-05-2015
Publisher: PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science
Date: 2013
Location: Germany
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: Australia
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Rachel Downey.