ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7937-7059
Current Organisations
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
,
Basten and Associates
,
Western Sydney University
,
Macquarie University
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-01-2019
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.23018
Abstract: Fear of negative evaluation has been proposed as a transdiagnostic factor associated with the development of eating disorders and has been shown to relate to disorders of body image, especially those with weight/shape concerns such as eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia. The current study aimed to investigate whether fear of negative evaluation was a transdiagnostic factor of disorders diagnostically characterized by weight/shape concerns. The study examined whether fear of negative evaluation was associated with higher odds for meeting criteria for an eating disorder and/or muscle dysmorphia, especially those disorders diagnostically characterized by weight/shape concerns. Data were used from a subgroup of the first wave of the EveryBODY study, a longitudinal investigation of eating disorders and body image concerns among Australian adolescents (N = 4,030). Participants completed measures on demographics, weight/shape concerns, disordered eating, psychological distress, muscularity concerns, and fear of negative evaluation. Findings revealed that fear of negative evaluation was associated with higher odds of meeting criteria for any eating disorder but significantly more so for those characterized by weight/shape concerns diagnostically, as well as binge-eating disorder. Similar results were found for muscle dysmorphia. The findings suggest that fear of negative evaluation constitutes a transdiagnostic feature for developing and/or maintaining an eating disorder.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 02-05-2019
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291719000898
Abstract: Little information is available on the prevalence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 eating disorders in adolescence, and eating disorders remain unique in the DSM for not systematically including a criterion for clinical significance. This study aimed to provide the first prevalence report of the full suite of DSM-5 eating disorders in adolescence, and to examine the impact of applying a criterion for clinical significance. In total, 5191 (participation rate: 70%) Australian adolescents completed a survey measuring 1-month prevalence of eating disorder symptoms for all criterial, ‘other specified’ and unspecified eating disorders, as well as health-related quality of life and psychological distress. The point prevalence of any eating disorder was 22.2% (12.8% in boys, 32.9% in girls), and ‘other specified’ disorders (11.2%) were more common than full criterial disorders (6.2%). Probable bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder, but not anorexia nervosa (AN), were more likely to be experienced by older adolescents. Most disorders were associated with an increased odds for being at a higher weight. The prevalence of eating disorders was reduced by 40% (to 13.6%) when a criterion for clinical significance was applied. Eating disorders, particularly ‘other specified’ syndromes, are common in adolescence, and are experienced across age, weight, socioeconomic and migrant status. The merit of adding a criterion for clinical significance to the eating disorders, similar to other DSM-5 disorders, warrants consideration. At the least, screening tools should measure distress and impairment associated with eating disorder symptoms in order to capture adolescents in greatest need for intervention.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-09-2020
DOI: 10.1111/EIP.13027
Abstract: Mental health problems frequently occur during adolescence, however, few adolescents seek treatment for these problems, especially for eating disorders. The current study aimed to quantify how adolescents in a clinical s le (ie, those receiving treatment for an eating disorder), differ in terms of psychological factors (eating disorder symptoms and psychological distress), compared to adolescents with eating pathology in a community s le (ie, those not receiving treatment). Data were used from a community s le of adolescents with eating disorder pathology who have not sought treatment (n = 1011) and a clinical s le of adolescents presenting at eating disorder services for treatment (n = 153). Participants reported demographics and completed questionnaires assessing weight/shape concerns, disordered eating and psychological distress. Adolescents with a lower BMI, more frequent purging and higher weight/shape concerns were more common in the clinical s le, while those engaging in more frequent driven exercise were less common in the clinical s le. The s les did not differ in severity of psychological distress. The findings highlight the need for increasing mental health literacy about the role of BMI and driven exercise in eating disorder symptom presentation to increase early detection of these disorders among adolescents.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-03-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S11136-012-0157-Z
Abstract: To evaluate the impact of a lifetime history of anorexia nervosa (AN) on current quality of life (QoL) and eating disorder (ED) symptomatology. 3,034 participants from a randomly selected s le of households in the Australian population were interviewed for current ED symptoms and QoL (SF-36). 89 participants (2.9 %) reported a history of AN, 73 of whom were female. These participants scored lower on six of the eight subscales on the SF-36, including all of the mental health subscales, and were more likely to report binge eating and extreme weight or shape concerns than participants who did not report a history of AN. On the other hand, participants who reported a history of AN were less likely to be overweight. None of the participants who reported a history of AN met current criteria for AN however, one met criteria for bulimia nervosa non-purging subtype and four met criteria for binge eating disorder. The endorsement of current ED symptoms was found to moderate the impact of a history of AN on scores of the social functioning and role limitations due to emotional health SF-36 subscales, such that participants who reported a history of AN scored lower on these subscales if they also reported current ED symptoms. A history of AN has a deleterious impact on current QoL, despite remittance from the disorder. This may be explained in part by the presence of certain ED symptoms, including objective binge eating and the persistence of extreme weight and shape concerns.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-12-2019
Abstract: The success of integrated prevention initiatives for eating disorders and obesity is h ered by a lack of shared risk factor research. Bullying and sexual abuse are potentially potent shared risk factors for the spectrum of eating and weight disorders. A representative s le of N = 3005 South Australian males and females ≥15 years was interviewed about their height, weight, eating disorder symptoms, lifetime experiences of bullying and sexual abuse and mental and physical health-related quality of life. Participants who were currently obese (25.2%) or underweight (2.7%) or who reported current eating disorder symptoms (32.7%) were between 10% and 27% more likely to have experienced bullying, and obese and eating disordered participants were also 47% and 56% more likely to have experienced sexual abuse, respectively. In regard to specific symptoms, a lifetime history of bullying was associated with increased risk of obesity, extreme dieting, purging and overvaluation of body weight and/or shape, whereas a lifetime history of sexual abuse was associated with increased risk of obesity, binge eating and extreme dieting and decreased risk of underweight. Lifetime histories of bullying and sexual abuse were associated with health-related quality of life impairment however, lifetime bullying was associated with a greater adverse impact among participants with current eating disorder symptoms. Self-reported bullying and sexual abuse victimisation have shared associations with eating and weight spectrum problems. Differences in the symptoms associated with bullying versus sexual abuse are discussed, as well as the clinical and public health implications.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-11-2022
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.23861
Abstract: Engaging in romantic relationships in adolescence may inadvertently increase participation in appearance culture and the risk for eating pathology. Little research has considered this effect, particularly as it relates to adolescents' gender identity and sexual attraction. Therefore, this study examined the associations among relationship status, gender, and sexual attraction in adolescents' eating pathology. Data from the first wave of the EveryBODY study, a large s le of Australian adolescents aged 11–19 years ( n = 3262, M age = 15.00, 53.80% girls), were used. Participants reported their relationship status and eating pathology (fasting, purging, binge eating, driven exercise, steroid use, and shape/weight concerns) using an online survey. Logistic regressions adjusting for age and BMI percentile revealed that romantic relationships were associated with higher adjusted odds (AORs) for reporting clinical frequency/severity threshold of fasting, purging, steroid use, and shape and weight concerns (AORs: 1.34–3.68). Relative to boys, girls had higher adjusted odds of reporting clinical frequency/severity threshold of all eating disorder features (AORs: 1.47–7.40), except for steroid use for muscle gain. Adolescents who reported same‐sex attraction, were unsure of their sexual attraction, or did not endorse any sexual attraction had greater adjusted odds of reporting clinical frequency/severity threshold of fasting, purging, and shape and weight concerns (AORs: 1.35–1.83) than those with only other‐sex sexual attraction. Interactions among relationship status, gender, and sexual attraction were nonsignificant. Romantic experience emerged as a novel correlate for adolescents' eating pathology. Future research should uncover the contextual factors within relationships that may contribute to this association. The initiation of romantic relationships is normative during adolescence. However, adolescents' romantic desirability is often determined by their physical appearance, increasing the risk for eating pathology. Among a large s le of Australian adolescents, romantic involvement was associated with greater likelihood of clinical threshold eating pathology for adolescent boys and girls, regardless of sexual attraction. It is urgent to identify the factors within romantic relationships that are associated with eating pathology.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-10-2015
DOI: 10.1111/ENE.12885
Abstract: It is known that underlying diabetes mellitus (DM) can affect the clinical and electrophysiological pattern of coexisting peripheral neuropathies of other etiologies. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of underlying DM on the clinical and electrophysiological features of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and on the prognosis of GBS with regard to functional outcome. This study prospectively included 27 GBS patients with DM (GBS-DM+) and 58 GBS patients without DM (GBS-DM-) from two university-based hospitals. The clinical and electrophysiological findings were compared between the two groups. The functional outcomes were quantified by measuring the Hughes grade, whose values were compared between the groups at 3 months after symptom onset. All three sudden deaths that occurred during the acute stage of GBS were GBS-DM+ patients. GBS-DM+ patients had a tendency toward more frequent sensory involvement, and specific electrophysiological patterns and calculated indices disclosed a distal accentuation of conduction abnormalities in these patients. In addition, multivariate analysis identified history of mechanical ventilation (odds ratio 10.057, 95% confidence interval 2.057-49.164, P = 0.04) and DM (odds ratio 9.049, 95% confidence interval 2.152-38.044, P = 0.003) as independent factors for poor functional outcome at 3 months. The findings of this study suggest that DM exacerbates the clinical and electrophysiological features of GBS and influences long-term disability. Both chronic inflammation and nerve ischaemia in DM may intervene in the disease course of GBS, which is a prototype of acute inflammatory neuropathy.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-01-2013
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.22097
Abstract: To determine sex differences in the prevalence and impact of specific eating disorder features on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A general population s le of men (n = 1,479) and women (n = 1,555) completed interviews that assessed HRQoL (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form, SF-36), and current regular occurrence of binge eating, extreme dietary restriction, purging, and overevaluation of weight or shape. Men constituted a substantial minority (23-41%) of participants reporting eating disorder features. Objective binge eating had a greater impact on mental health impairment in men versus women, whereas the overevaluation of weight or shape had a greater impact on general and mental health impairment in women compared with men. Eating disorder features that impact on HRQoL are now common in men however, the impact of specific features may differ between sexes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-07-2019
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.23144
Abstract: Body dissatisfaction is intricately linked to the development of disordered eating. However, as male body dissatisfaction appears more oriented toward muscularity, versus thinness per se, existing measures of eating disorder psychopathology may lack sensitivity in capturing disordered eating that is muscularity-focused. The aim of the present study was to develop a specific measure of muscularity-oriented disordered eating-the muscularity-oriented eating test (MOET). Candidate items were generated and refined in consultation with eating disorder-focused researchers and focus groups of men with eating disorders. Examination of the MOET comprised two studies, consisting of 511 undergraduate men, ided into two component s les. In Study 1 (n = 307), candidate items were generated and refined via exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was then used to confirm the single factor structure in Study 2 (n = 204). EFA revealed a 15-item single factor structure, which was later confirmed through CFA in a separate s le of undergraduate men. Furthermore, the MOET yielded evidence of internal consistency (Study 1: omega = 0.93, 95% CI [0.91, 0.94] Study 2: omega = 0.92, 95% CI [0.90, 0.93]), 7-day (Study 1) and 21-days (Study 2) test-retest correlation (r The MOET represents a psychometrically sound, novel measure of muscularity-oriented disordered eating. Future research should examine its utility in clinical s les and research into muscularity-oriented disordered eating.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-11-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S40519-021-01326-X
Abstract: Intuitive Eating (IE) is an approach to eating designed to facilitate a positive relationship with food. Its use in clinical settings and in the community is rapidly growing in popularity. The Intuitive Eating Scale 2 (IES-2) is a widely used measure that indexes intuitive eating motivations and behaviour, however evidence of its validity in populations with clinical eating disorders remains scarce. The objective of the proposed study was thus to evaluate the factor structure of the IES-2 in a large s le of in iduals seeking treatment for eating disorders in private practice. Data collected from 569 women and men aged 12-68 years seeking treatment for an eating disorder in one of eight specialist private outpatient eating disorder clinics were examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Relationships between IES-2 scores and measures of psychopathology were also examined. Results were relatively consistent with the purported four-factor structure of the IES-2. The measure displayed strong construct validity and good internal consistency. Scores on the IES-2 were inversely associated with scores of depression, anxiety, and disordered eating, providing evidence for ergent validity of the measure. Clinical norms are provided for anorexia nervosa (AN) spectrum disorders and bulimia nervosa (BN) spectrum disorders, as well as for the clinical s le as a whole. Findings suggest that the IES-2 may be an appropriate measure for evaluating behaviours relating to IE in community outpatient eating disorder settings, and provide further evidence for the association between IE and positive health outcomes. III, evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-12-2017
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.22812
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the relative contributions of binge eating, body image disturbance, and body mass index (BMI) to distress and disability in binge-eating disorder (BED). A community s le of 174 women with BED-type symptomatology provided demographic, weight, and height information, and completed measures of overvaluation of weight/shape and binge eating, general psychological distress and impairment in role functioning. Correlation and regression analyses examined the associations between predictors (binge eating, overvaluation, BMI), and outcomes (distress, functional impairment). Binge eating and overvaluation were moderately to strongly correlated with distress and functional impairment, whereas BMI was not correlated with distress and only weakly correlated with functional impairment. Regression analysis indicated that both overvaluation and binge eating were strong and unique predictors of both distress and impairment, the contribution of overvaluation to variance in functional impairment being particularly strong, whereas BMI did not uniquely predict functional impairment or distress. The findings support the inclusion of overvaluation as a diagnostic criterion or specifier in BED and the need to focus on body image disturbance in treatment and public health efforts in order to reduce the in idual and community health burden of this condition.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-07-2018
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.22932
Abstract: Eating disorders stigmatization is common and is associated with greater eating disorders symptom severity. This study sought to elucidate stigma internalization as a potential mechanism underlying this association. Two central aspects of stigma internalization were focused on: alienation and social withdrawal. A cross-national s le of in iduals with self-reported eating disorders (N = 260) completed measures of eating disorders stigmatization, symptom severity, alienation, and social withdrawal. The model evidenced excellent fit. Eating disorders stigmatization directly predicted both alienation and social withdrawal, which, in turn, directly predicted symptom severity. Indirect effect analyses indicated that greater eating disorders stigmatization ultimately predicted greater symptom severity via alienation and social withdrawal. Moreover, social withdrawal mediated the association of alienation with symptom severity. Fitting a direct pathway from eating disorder stigmatization to symptom severity did not improve model fit. Our model provides a potentially useful account of the mechanisms by which eating disorders stigmatization might worsen eating disorder symptom severity. Specifically, the stigma internalization processes of alienation and social withdrawal may be important factors linking stigmatization with symptom severity. The findings have implications for clinicians attempting to help in iduals with eating disorders to monitor and modify their responses to eating disorders stigmatization.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-10-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-019-7971-Y
Abstract: Understanding the knowledge and beliefs of key stakeholders is crucial in developing effective public health interventions. Knowledge and beliefs about obesity and eating disorders (EDs) have rarely been considered, despite increasing awareness of the need for integrated health promotion programs. We investigated key aspects of knowledge and beliefs about obesity and EDs among key stakeholders in Australia. Using a semi-structured question guide, eight focus groups and seven in idual interviews were conducted with 62 participants including health professionals, personal trainers, teachers and consumer group representatives. An inductive thematic approach was used for data analysis. The findings suggest that, relative to obesity, EDs are poorly understood among teachers, personal trainers, and certain health professionals. Areas of commonality and distinction between the two conditions were identified. Integrated health promotion efforts that focus on shared risk (e.g., low self-esteem, body dissatisfaction) and protective (e.g., healthy eating, regular exercise) factors were supported. Suggested target groups for such efforts included young children, adolescents and parents. The findings indicate areas where the EDs and obesity fields have common ground and can work together in developing integrated health promotion programs.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-07-2022
DOI: 10.1177/00048674211020102
Abstract: Only a small proportion of in iduals with an eating disorder will receive targeted treatment for their illness. The aim of this study was to examine the length of delay to treatment-seeking and determine the barriers preventing earlier access and utilisation of eating disorder treatment for each diagnostic group - anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and other specified feeding or eating disorder. Participants were recruited as part of the TrEAT multi-phase consortium study. One hundred and nineteen Australians (13-60 years 96.9% female) with eating disorders currently accessing outpatient treatment for their illness completed an online survey comprised of self-report measures of eating disorder severity, treatment delay and perceived barriers to treatment-seeking. The treating clinician for each participant also provided additional information (e.g. body mass index and diagnosis). Overall, the average length of delay between onset of eating disorder symptoms and treatment-seeking was 5.28 years. Controlling for age, latency to treatment-seeking was significantly longer for in iduals with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder compared to anorexia nervosa. However, when perceived barriers to treatment-seeking were investigated, there were no significant differences between the diagnostic groups in regard to the perceived barriers they experienced. Stigma was rated as the most impactful barrier for each diagnostic group. Findings suggest that in iduals with eating disorders face substantial delays in accessing appropriate treatment and that latency to treatment-seeking is often magnified for counter-stereotypical eating disorder presentations. Further research is required to investigate other factors contributing to this delay.
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1891/0889-8391.31.4.255
Abstract: An increasing public and empirical focus on male body image indicates that muscularity is a preeminent concern among boys and men. For some, these concerns develop into a complex and disabling psychiatric disorder termed muscle dysmorphia ( MD ), the hallmark of which is an intense preoccupation regarding one’s (subjectively) insufficient muscularity. Treatment of MD is critical however, evidence to inform treatment approaches is sorely lacking. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, we provide an overview of the clinical features of MD, drawing particular attention to the preoccupation, functional impairment and psychiatric comorbidity associated with the disorder. Second, we discuss and recommend potential treatment directions for MD, including techniques that have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of related disorders, namely, body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders (and anorexia nervosa in particular). Psychotherapeutic techniques, including cognitive restructuring of deleterious perfectionistic and egosyntonic beliefs, and dialectical behavioral techniques to improve the repertoire of emotion regulation skills available to afflicted in iduals, are discussed, in addition to psychopharmacological approaches.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 26-03-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-04-2017
DOI: 10.1111/ACPS.12735
Abstract: Although findings suggest that binge eating is becoming increasingly normative, the 'clinical significance' of this behaviour at a population level remains uncertain. We aimed to assess the time trends in binge-eating prevalence and burden over 18 years. Six cross-sectional face-to-face surveys of the Australian adult population were conducted in 1998, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015 (N The prevalence of OBE increased six-fold from 1998 (2.7%) to 2015 (13.0%). Health-related quality of life associated with OBE improved from 1998 to 2015, where it more closely approximated population norms. Days out of role remained higher among participants who reported OBE, although decreased over time. Half of participants who reported weekly (56.6%) and twice-weekly (47.1%) OBE reported that they were not distressed by this behaviour. However, the presence of distress related to OBE in 2015 was associated with greater health-related quality-of-life impairment. As the prevalence of binge eating increases over time, associated disability has been decreasing. Implications for the diagnosis of disorders associated with binge eating are discussed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-10-2016
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1037/MEN0000149
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2016.09.005
Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between overvaluation of weight/shape ('overvaluation') and emotion regulation (ER) difficulties among women with binge eating disorder (BED) symptoms. Four groups of women were recruited from a community-based s le and compared on ER difficulties: in iduals with probable BED with (n=102) and without (n=72) overvaluation, and non-binge eating obese (n=40) and healthy-weight (n=40) control participants. Data for patients with a formal diagnosis of BED receiving treatment from a previous study were included for numerical comparative purposes. Women with probable BED and overvaluation reported significantly greater ER difficulties than all other groups and had similar levels of ER difficulties to BED patients. Women with probable BED in the absence of overvaluation were comparable to the obese control group on total ER difficulties and the majority of the ER difficulties subscales. The findings provide further evidence for the clinical significance of overvaluation among in iduals with BED symptomatology. BED in the absence of overvaluation does not appear to align with current models of the disorder in which ER difficulties are viewed as a core etiological mechanism. Further research is needed to elucidate the status of this presentation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Abstract: Body dissatisfaction is associated with impairment in women's quality of life (QoL). To date, research has not examined the relationship between body dissatisfaction and men's QoL, or sex differences in this relationship. A community s le of 966 males and 1,031 females living in Australia provided information about their body dissatisfaction, mental health and physical health-related QoL, and eating disorder symptoms. Data were analysed using three hierarchical multiple regressions and interactions between body dissatisfaction and sex were examined. For both sexes, increasing levels of body dissatisfaction were associated with poorer mental and physical health-related QoL and greater psychological distress. The adverse associations between body dissatisfaction and mental health-related QoL, and between body dissatisfaction and psychological distress, were more pronounced for males. High levels of body dissatisfaction may threaten the psychological and physical wellbeing of both men and women. Body dissatisfaction appears to be a public health problem, distinct from the eating disorders and other adverse psychological phenomena for which body dissatisfaction is commonly discussed as a risk factor. Males, historically understudied and underrepresented in body image research, warrant increased empirical attention.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 07-11-2012
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-09-2017
Abstract: We examined two hypotheses regarding the potential association of pornography use with body image–related and eating disorder–related psychopathology among sexual minority males (i.e. non-heterosexual males). Our primary hypothesis was that pornography use would be associated with males’ body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, thoughts about using anabolic steroids and quality of life impairment our secondary hypothesis was that the type of pornography, namely, professional versus amateur pornography, which contains idealised and non-idealised (i.e. regular) bodies, respectively, would moderate these associations. A s le of 2733 sexual minority males living in Australia and New Zealand completed an online survey that contained measures of pornography use, body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, thoughts about using anabolic steroids and quality of life. Almost all (98.2%) participants reported pornography use with a median use of 5.33 hours per month. Multivariate analyses revealed that increased pornography use was associated with greater dissatisfaction with muscularity, body fat and height greater eating disorder symptoms more frequent thoughts about using anabolic steroids and lower quality of life. Effect sizes for these associations were uniformly small. Neither relationship status nor genital dissatisfaction was associated with pornography use. The association between pornography use and thoughts about using anabolic steroids was stronger for viewers of professional pornography than viewers of amateur pornography. The findings suggest that the use of pornography is weakly associated with body dissatisfaction and related variables and that the type of pornography (amateur vs professional) viewed may be a moderating factor in some cases. Within the limits of a cross-sectional study design, these findings may have implications for clinicians who treat in iduals with eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, anabolic-androgenic steroid dependence and related concerns.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-05-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-09-2018
DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2018.1518086
Abstract: Most in iduals with eating disorders do not receive treatment for their eating disorder. Closing this "treatment gap" requires a quantitative examination of in iduals' attitudes towards accessing various types of treatment and of in iduals' perceived barriers to seeking treatment. Thus, we recruited a s le of 425 in iduals with either diagnosed or undiagnosed eating disorders and asked them to complete a survey assessing treatment attitudes, treatment barriers, and eating disorder symptom severity. Undiagnosed in iduals reported more positive attitudes towards novel Internet- and smartphone-delivered treatments, and stronger barriers relating to eating disorders mental health literacy, than diagnosed in iduals. Nevertheless, both diagnosed and undiagnosed in iduals were broadly more positive towards established (i.e., non-novel) treatments than novel treatments. The strongest barriers to seeking treatment were fear of losing control, fear of change, and finding motivation to change. Eating disorder symptoms were positively associated with the strength of most treatment barriers. Results were broadly unchanged after adjusting for in iduals' past experiences of treatment. In conclusion, the development and dissemination of novel treatments and the provision of eating disorders mental health literacy may offer promising potential pathways into treatment for in iduals with undiagnosed eating disorders. Nevertheless, researchers must pay attention to and improve, in iduals' attitudes towards accessing these novel treatments. The positive correlations of symptom severity with treatment barrier strength highlights the importance of early intervention for in iduals with eating disorders. Finally, the fear of losing control may be a uniquely salient treatment barrier for in iduals with eating disorders that requires greater attention in future research on eating disorder treatment seeking.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2016
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.12433
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-06-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2016.10.014
Abstract: Robust empirical evidence has illustrated a rising prevalence of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating among males, noting that both may be oriented more toward muscularity-as opposed to thinness-oriented concerns. While an elevated prevalence of premorbid anorexia nervosa (AN) has been noted among those with muscle dysmorphia, little evidence has examined the process of this transition from thinness-oriented to muscularity-oriented disordered eating. This clinical observation presents a case of AN in an adolescent male, whose symptom presentation transitioned during the course of treatment for AN, into more muscularity-oriented disordered eating. Despite the core body image disturbance and disordered eating behaviors being retained, the behavioral expression of muscularity-oriented disordered eating was difficult to detect during treatment for AN, and he was discharged from treatment as his muscularity-oriented disordered eating escalated. Transdiagnostic crossover between thinness-oriented and muscularity-oriented disordered eating represents an important clinical concern, which may be challenging to measure and assess. Implications for treatment are discussed, and the early detection of muscularity-oriented disordered eating.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-05-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S40519-019-00708-6
Abstract: To examine perceptions of the severity of eating disorders and obesity and the effects on these of an information manipulation while also considering the influence of potential covariates such as age, gender, physical and mental health and beliefs about the prevalence and causes of the respective conditions. Australian women and men (n = 488) aged 18-73 years were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: no information, neutral information, eating disorders emphasis and obesity emphasis. Mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the perceived severity of eating disorders and obesity (within-subjects factor), while also testing the effect of manipulating information, i.e., selectively emphasising the occurrence and adverse effects of one condition or the other (between-subjects factor), on perceptions of severity. Correlational analysis was used to examine associations between perceptions of severity and potential covariates, those covariates for which significant associations were observed being included as covariates in the ANOVA. Eating disorders were perceived to be a more severe condition than obesity and the information manipulation was largely ineffective. Perceptions of the severity of both eating disorders and obesity were found to be associated with several covariates, including gender, body dissatisfaction, familiarity with and beliefs about the prevalence of eating disorders and beliefs about the causes of both eating disorders and obesity. The findings support the need for-and provide a platform for-greater collaboration between obesity and eating disorder researchers in the development of integrated prevention and health promotion programs. Level III.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 27-10-2017
Abstract: Although body size and shape misperception (BSSM) is a common feature of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia, little is known about its underlying neural mechanisms. Recently, a new approach has emerged, based on the long-established non-invasive technique of perceptual adaptation, which allows for inferences about the structure of the neural apparatus responsible for alterations in visual appearance. Here, we describe several recent experimental ex les of BSSM, wherein exposure to “extreme” body stimuli causes visual aftereffects of biased perception. The implications of these studies for our understanding of the neural and cognitive representation of human bodies, along with their implications for clinical practice are discussed.
Publisher: Bioscientifica
Date: 03-2015
DOI: 10.1530/REP-14-0500
Abstract: Stallion spermatozoa continue to present scientific and clinical challenges with regard to the biological mechanisms responsible for their survival and function. In particular, deeper understanding of sperm energy metabolism, defence against oxidative damage and cell–cell interactions should improve fertility assessment and the application of advanced reproductive technologies in the equine species. In this study, we used highly sensitive LC–MS/MS technology and sequence database analysis to identify and characterise the proteome of Percoll-isolated ejaculated equine spermatozoa, with the aim of furthering our understanding of this cell's complex biological machinery. We were able to identify 9883 peptides comprising 1030 proteins, which were subsequently attributed to 975 gene products. Gene ontology analysis for molecular and cellular processes revealed new information about the metabolism, antioxidant defences and receptors of stallion spermatozoa. Mitochondrial proteins and those involved in catabolic processes constituted dominant categories. Several enzymes specific to β-oxidation of fatty acids were identified, and further experiments were carried out to ascertain their functional significance. Inhibition of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, a rate-limiting enzyme of β-oxidation, reduced motility parameters, indicating that β-oxidation contributes to maintenance of motility in stallion spermatozoa.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.EATBEH.2021.101542
Abstract: The utility of traditional eating disorder measures in the assessment of muscularity-oriented disordered eating has been questioned. To address this limitation, the Muscularity-Oriented Eating Test (MOET) was recently developed and validated in a s le of U.S. college men. We aimed to develop a multicultural Spanish-language version of the MOET for use in Latin American s les and validate its use in a s le of Argentinian college men. Combined translation procedures were used to develop a version suitable for different Spanish-speaking populations. A total of 235 students (M
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-07-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S40519-018-0555-5
Abstract: This study aimed to compare gender differences in eating disorder (ED) features and to examine the role of gender as a predictor of ED help-seeking controlling for other putative determinants, namely weight/shape overvaluation, age, BMI, and impairment in role functioning. Demographic, ED symptoms, and related data were collected during household interviews of in iduals aged ≥ 15 years. One hundred and forty-eight participants (164 after data were weighted) with an ED syndrome were identified. Compared to women, men with an ED were younger and had lower levels of purging and overvaluation. However, men and women with an ED had similar levels of functional impairment, binge eating and strict dieting. In univariate analyses, males in general, but not males with an ED, were significantly less likely than females to seek help for an ED. In multivariate analysis of people with an ED, only BMI was significantly associated with treatment-seeking. Functional health impairment and common ED behaviours were similar for men and women with EDs. Gender may not be a primary reason to be more or less likely to seek help for an ED. Rather, other features, most notably, a higher BMI, appear to be stronger predictors of ED-specific help-seeking. Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-08-2016
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.22592
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-05-2022
DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2069696
Abstract: Insight can be impaired in in iduals with an eating disorder and the nature of this impairment can vary. Although this topic has been the focus of several studies and reviews, methodologies used to assess insight have received less attention. A scoping review was conducted using a systematic search of articles before January 2021 to elucidate the methodologies used to assess insight in those with an eating disorder, with discussion of strengths and limitations. A total of 3089 studies were screened, and 24 quantitative studies which assessed at least one aspect of insight in in iduals with an eating disorder were included in the review. Methods of assessing insight included coding of clinical notes, low scores on measures of self-report symptoms, direct assessment of insight, vignette, and self-report single-item questions. Insight into disordered eating symptoms was most frequently assessed. Most research used s les who were female, white, diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, and were seeking or receiving treatment. In designing future research and interventions, optimal methods used to assess insight should consider the research/clinical question, available resources, and the targeted demographic. Further, descriptions of which aspects of insight are being assessed should be considered in the interpretation of both current and future findings.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-01-2023
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.23881
Abstract: Adolescents commonly experience both fear of negative evaluation and weight/shape concerns. However, evidence concerning the prospective associations between these constructs during adolescence is limited. The current study examined the bidirectional relationships between fear of negative evaluation and weight/shape concerns over a 3‐year period in adolescents. Australian high school students ( n = 2073 55% girls) completed self‐report measures at three timepoints, each 1 year apart. Findings showed a bidirectional relationship, whereby increases in fear of negative evaluation predicted exacerbated weight/shape concerns, and vice versa. Results point towards a vicious maintenance cycle between fear of negative evaluation and weight/shape concerns. Findings from the current study highlight the importance of considering both fear of negative evaluation and weight/shape concerns in the development of health promotion and prevention programs designed to reduce the occurrence and adverse effects of body dissatisfaction or improve general mental health. Many adolescents experience some level of fear of negative evaluation (i.e., worry about being judged by others) and worry about their weight and/or shape. This study examined the prospective relationship between both constructs. Findings showed a bidirectional relationship, whereby higher fear of negative evaluation predicted increased weight/shape concerns, and vice versa. Programs designed to reduce body dissatisfaction might be improved by targeting both fear of negative evaluation and weight/shape concerns.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-01-2017
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.22671
Abstract: Despite the pervasive social endorsement of "cheat meals" within pro-muscularity online communities, there is an absence of empirical work examining this dietary phenomenon. The present study aimed to characterize cheat meals, and explore the meaning ascribed to engagement in this practice. Thematic content analysis was employed to code the photographic and textual elements of a s le (n = 600) that was extracted from over 1.6 million images marked with the #cheatmeal tag on the social networking site, Instagram. Analysis of the volume and type of food revealed the presence of very large quantities (54.5%) of calorie-dense foods (71.3%) that was rated to qualify as an objective binge episode. Photographic content of people commonly portrayed highly-muscular bodies (60.7%) in the act of intentional body exposure (40.0%). Meanwhile, textual content exemplified the idealization of overconsumption, a strict commitment to fitness, and a reward-based framework around diet and fitness. Collectively, these findings position cheat meals as goal-oriented dietary practices in the pursuit of physique-ideals, thus underscoring the potential clinical repercussions of this socially-endorsed dietary phenomenon.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-05-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S10964-018-0872-Z
Abstract: Fear of negative evaluation has been linked with weight/shape concerns among adults, however, similar research among adolescents is lacking. We investigated the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and weight/shape concerns, including the moderating roles of gender and body mass index (BMI) in adolescents. Participant were 4045 Australian adolescents (53.7% girls) aged 11-19 years (M
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-11-2019
DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2019.1695449
Abstract: A recent general population study of Chew and Spit (CHSP) behavior in adults found a 0.4% prevalence, predominantly in females. The current study explores this further by examining the same phenomenon in secondary-school aged adolescents. This study also explores the relationship between CHSP and other demographic and eating disorder (ED) features in 5111 adolescents (11-to-19 years of age) from 13 schools in New South Wales, Australia. Participants completed measures of ED symptoms and behaviors and change to impairment with two components: psychological distress (K-10) and health related quality of life (HRQoL PedsQL). CHSP was found to have a 12.2% (95% CI 0.114, 0.132]) point-prevalence rate. Participants who indicated engaging in CHSP reported significantly higher levels of psychological distress (K-10) and lower HRQoL scores (PedsQL) compared to those that did not report CHSP. There was a dose-response relationship between CHSP frequency, psychological distress and HRQoL physical scores but not for HRQoL emotional and HRQoL social scores. Participants who reported regular CHSP were more likely to be female, younger, and to engage in compensatory behaviors such as purging. The high frequency of CHSP behavior in adolescents with disordered eating could suggest that CHSP should be considered in routine ED screening practices. Future studies may examine how to treat CHSP or investigate more focused treatment approaches, in order to target the behavior of CHSP more directly.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-11-2023
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.23844
Abstract: The use of videoconferencing has increased during the pandemic, creating prolonged exposure to self‐image. This research aimed to investigate whether eating disorder (ED) risk was associated with videoconferencing performance for work or study and to explore whether the use of safety behaviors and self‐focused attention mediated the relationship between ED risk and perceived control over performance anxiety, impaired engagement, or avoidance of videoconferencing for work or study. In 2020, an online survey was distributed within Australia to those aged over 18 years via academic and social networks, measuring: use of videoconferencing for work/study, demographics, ED risk, safety behaviors for appearance concerns, self‐focused attention, perceived control over performance anxiety, perceived engagement impairment, and avoidance of videoconferencing. A total of 640 participants (77.3% female, M age = 26.2 years) returned complete data and were included in analyses. 245 participants (38.7%) were considered at‐risk for EDs (SCOFF 2). Those at‐risk reported significantly more safety behaviors, self‐focused attention, impaired engagement, and avoidance, plus lower perceived control over performance anxiety than those not at‐risk. Multiple mediation models found the effects of ED risk on control over performance anxiety, impaired engagement, and avoidance were partially mediated by safety behaviors and self‐focused attention. Our cross‐sectional findings suggest videoconferencing for work/study‐related purposes is associated with performance anxiety, impaired engagement, and avoidance among in iduals at‐risk for EDs. Poorer videoconferencing outcomes appear more strongly related to social anxiety variables than ED status. Clinicians and educators may need to provide extra support for those using videoconferencing. Because videoconferencing often involves seeing your own image (via self‐view) we wondered whether the appearance concerns experienced by those with eating disorders (EDs) might interfere with the ability to focus on or to contribute to work/study videoconferencing meetings. We found that although those with EDs experience more impairments in their videoconferencing engagement/contribution, these were linked just as strongly to social anxiety as they were to appearance concerns.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-01-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S10802-022-00898-1
Abstract: Emotion dysregulation has been posited as a key transdiagnostic factor of mental health difficulties, including eating disorders. However, how this transdiagnostic factor interacts with the disorder-specific factor of weight and shape concerns remains unclear. The current study examined whether emotion dysregulation is associated with eating disorder behaviors over and above the association between weight and shape concerns and whether these two factors interacted. The current study used data from two s les, a community s le of high school students ( n = 2699), and a clinical s le of adolescents receiving outpatient treatment for an eating disorder ( n = 149). Participants completed self-report measures on their eating behaviors, weight/shape concerns, and emotion dysregulation. Findings showed that emotion dysregulation had a unique association with engaging in binge eating and purging (community s le only). Weight and shape concerns were found to have a unique association with engaging in binge eating, fasting, purging, and driven exercise (community s le only). Additionally, weight and shape concerns moderated the association between emotion dysregulation and the probability of engaging in binge eating and driven exercise, whereby the strongest association between emotion dysregulation and these behaviors were observed among adolescents with the lowest levels of weight and shape concerns. Regarding the frequency of eating disorder behaviors, emotion dysregulation had a unique association with severity of binge eating and fasting. Weight and shape concerns were uniquely associated with severity of fasting and driven exercise (community s le only). Findings suggest that emotion dysregulation is a distinct factor of eating disorder behaviors among adolescents.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-09-2021
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.23609
Abstract: Emotion dysregulation is proposed as a key factor within eating disorder pathology. However, less is known about specific emotion regulation difficulties experienced by adolescents with varying levels of eating disorders symptoms. The present study examined the relationship between eating disorder behaviors and specific facets of emotion dysregulation, and differences in emotion dysregulation between eating disorder diagnostic groups. Participants were 2,783 adolescents, 11–19 years ( M = 14 years, 9 months, SD = 1 year, 6 months), who completed self‐report measures as part of the EveryBODY study. Adolescents were identified as not having eating disorder symptoms ( n = 2,122) or meeting diagnostic criteria for symptoms of specific eating disorder, including: anorexia nervosa or atypical anorexia nervosa ( n = 57), bulimia nervosa ( n = 136), binge‐eating disorder ( n = 57), other specified feeding or eating disorder characterized by binge eating or purging ( n = 381), and unspecified feeding or eating disorder ( n = 30). Binge eating, driven exercise, and fasting were each uniquely associated with emotion dysregulation, whereas purging was not. Similar findings were obtained within specific domains of emotion dysregulation. Findings from diagnostic groups showed a significant main effect of diagnosis on overall emotion dysregulation and most domains of emotion dysregulation. Adolescents with eating disorder symptoms consistently reported higher emotion dysregulation compared to those without these symptoms. Findings indicate that emotion dysregulation is a key factor across eating disorder pathology, and potential treatment target across the spectrum of eating disorder diagnoses in adolescents.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-09-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-04-2020
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.23256
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 04-2022
DOI: 10.1037/PAS0001100
Abstract: Alongside thin ideals, internalizing muscular and/or lean body ideals is associated with eating disorder (ED) symptomatology, especially among males. However, assessment of drive for muscularity (DM) and drive for leanness (DL) also captures attitudes and behaviors that are normative in the general population. The aim of this study was to identify components of DM and DL that are independently linked to core body image disturbance in EDs-shape/weight dissatisfaction, overvaluation ,and fear of weight gain-in community adolescents using network analysis. A representative s le of 4,975 Australian adolescents (53% females,
Location: No location found
No related grants have been discovered for Yannig NEDELLEC.