ORCID Profile
0000-0002-6369-7410
Current Organisations
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
,
CSIRO
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Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 24-01-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Publisher: CSIRO
Date: 2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-05-2015
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.10492
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-03-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-021-86206-1
Abstract: Enhancing crop production, particularly by growing a crop in the typically-fallow dry season is a key strategy for alleviating poverty in the Ganges delta region. We used a polder water and salt balance model to examine the impact of several crop management, salt management and climate change scenarios on salinity and crop evapotranspiration at Dacope and Amtali in Bangladesh and Gosaba in India. A key (and unsurprising) finding is that salt management is very important, particularly at the two drier sites, Dacope and Gosaba. Good salt management lowers salinity in the shallow groundwater, soil and water storage ponds, and leads to more irrigation. Climate change is projected to alter rainfall, and this in turn leads to modelled increases or decreases in runoff from the polders, and thence affect salt concentrations in the soil and ponds and canals. Thus, the main impacts of climate change are through the indirect impacts on salt concentrations, rather than the direct impacts of the amount of water supplied as rainfall. Management practices to remove salt from polders are therefore likely to be effective in combatting the impacts of projected climate change particularly at Dacope and Gosaba.
Publisher: CSIRO
Date: 2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-2023
DOI: 10.3390/W15030566
Abstract: Machine learning (also called data-driven) methods have become popular in modeling flood inundations across river basins. Among data-driven methods, traditional machine learning (ML) approaches are widely used to model flood events, and recently deep learning (DL) approaches have gained more attention across the world. In this paper, we reviewed recently published literature on ML and DL applications for flood modeling for various hydrologic and catchment characteristics. Our extensive literature review shows that DL models produce better accuracy compared to traditional approaches. Unlike physically based models, ML/DL models suffer from the lack of using expert knowledge in modeling flood events. Apart from challenges in implementing a uniform modeling approach across river basins, the lack of benchmark data to evaluate model performance is a limiting factor for developing efficient ML/DL models for flood inundation modeling.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-12-2016
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.10714
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: CSIRO
Date: 2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-08-2015
DOI: 10.1002/AQC.2489
Publisher: CSIRO
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.25919/F2GC-SF22
Publisher: CSIRO
Date: 2013
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/MF15421
Abstract: Floodplain lagoons in the Queensland Wet Tropics bioregion, Australia, are important and threatened habitats for fish. As part of studies to assess their ecological condition and functions, we examined patterns of occurrence of fish larvae, juveniles and adults in 10 permanent lagoons on the Tully–Murray floodplain. Lagoons contained early life-history stages of 15 of the 21 native species present, including 11 species that complete their life cycle in fresh waters and 4 that require access to saline habitats for larval development. Lagoon connectivity to the rivers, distance from the coast and flood dynamics influenced temporal variation in fish abundance, population size structures and recruitment patterns. This study and the literature show that wet, post-wet and dry-season habitats are utilised by small opportunists (e.g. Melanotaenia splendida), an equilibrium species (Glossamia aprion) and larger periodic strategists (neosilurid catfishes). Maintenance of natural seasonal patterns of flow and connectivity, and active protection of permanent floodplain lagoons from riparian and land-use disturbance, will be essential if their roles in fish recruitment are to be sustained.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 30-10-2020
DOI: 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000001007
Abstract: To evaluate current clinical practices and evidence-based literature to establish preliminary recommendations for the management of adults using ketogenic diet therapies (KDTs). A 12-topic survey was distributed to international experts on KDTs in adults consisting of neurologists and dietitians at medical institutions providing KDTs to adults with epilepsy and other neurologic disorders. Panel survey responses were tabulated by the authors to determine the common and disparate practices between institutions and to compare these practices in adults with KDT recommendations in children and the medical literature. Recommendations are based on a combination of clinical evidence and expert opinion regarding management of KDTs. Surveys were obtained from 20 medical institutions with ,000 adult patients treated with KDTs for epilepsy or other neurologic disorders. Common side effects reported are similar to those observed in children, and recommendations for management are comparable with important distinctions, which are emphasized. Institutions differ with regard to recommended biochemical assessment, screening, monitoring, and concern for long-term side effects, and further investigation is warranted to determine the optimal clinical management. Differences also exist between screening and monitoring practices among adult and pediatric providers. KDTs may be safe and effective in treating adults with drug-resistant epilepsy, and there is emerging evidence supporting the use in other adult neurologic disorders and general medical conditions as well. Therefore, expert recommendations to guide optimal care are critical as well as further evidence-based investigation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: CSIRO Land and Water
Date: 2018
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 11-2022
DOI: 10.1029/2022WR032031
Abstract: Simple models continue to be important for continental‐scale floodwater depth mapping due to the prohibitively expensive cost of calibrating and applying hydrodynamic models. This paper investigates the accuracy of three simple models for floodwater depth estimation from remote sensing derived water extent and/or Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) in semiarid regions. The three models are Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND Nobre et al., 2011, 0.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.051 ), Teng Vaze Dutta (TVD Teng et al., 2013, 02.100.100/97033?index=1 ), and Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET Cohen, Brakenridge, et al., 2018, 0.1111/1752-1688.12609 ). The model accuracy and nature of errors are established using industry's best practice hydrodynamic models as benchmarks in three regions in eastern Australia. The overall results show that FwDET tends to underestimate (by 0.32 m at 50th percentile) while HAND and TVD overestimate floodwater depth for almost all floods (by 0.97 and 0.98 m, respectively). We quantify how switching DEM from 5 m LiDAR to national or global data sets DEM‐H (Gallant et al., 2011, ecat.ga.gov.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/72759 ), MERIT (Yamazaki et al., 2019, 0.1029/2019WR024873 ), or FABDEM (Hawker et al., 2022, 0.1088/1748-9326/ac4d4f ) can affect different models differently and we evaluate model performance against reach geomorphology and magnitude of flood events. The findings emphasize the importance of choosing a model that is fit for the intended application. By describing the applicability, advantages, and limitations of these models, this paper assists practitioners to choose the most appropriate model based on characteristics of their study area, type of problems they try to solve, and data availability.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/MF12251
Abstract: We investigated the biophysical environment, invertebrate fauna and ecosystem health of lagoons on the Tully–Murray floodplain in the Queensland Wet Tropics bioregion. These wetlands are biologically rich but have declined in area and condition with agricultural development and are poorly protected, despite being located between two World Heritage areas. Lagoons varied in size, habitats and water quality, with increasing signatures of agriculture (e.g. elevated nutrient concentrations) from the upper to lower floodplain. Zooplankton were abundant, but not erse, and correlated variously with environmental variables, so were not useful in assessing lagoon condition. Benthic macroinvertebrates were abundant and erse and correlated strongly with riparian condition, habitats, water quality and degree of agriculture in the catchment, but gradients in assemblage structure were not strong because the flow regime, with multiple annual floods, maintains higher water quality than in some tropical systems. The absence of pristine reference lagoons and the limited availability of replicate sites h er the development of monitoring systems. Nevertheless, we show that appropriate s ling, analysis and knowledge of comparable systems allow inferences to be drawn regarding ecological condition. This is important because environmental managers need best available and timely advice whatever the opportunities for rigorous study design.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-11-2012
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.8364
Publisher: CSIRO
Date: 2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-01-2023
DOI: 10.3390/HYDROLOGY10010018
Abstract: Reducing uncertainty in design flood estimates is an essential part of flood risk planning and management. This study presents results from flood frequency estimates and associated uncertainties for five commonly used probability distribution functions, extreme value type 1 (EV1), generalized extreme value (GEV), generalized pareto distribution (GPD), log normal (LN) and log Pearson type 3 (LP3). The study was conducted using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and bootstrapping (BS) methods for the 10 river catchments in eastern Australia. The parameters were estimated by applying the method of moments (for LP3, LN, and EV1) and L-moments (for GEV and GPD). Three-parameter distributions (e.g., LP3, GEV, and GPD) demonstrate a consistent estimation of confidence interval (CI), whereas two-parameter distributions show biased estimation. The results of this study also highlight the difficulty in flood frequency analysis, e.g., different probability distributions perform quite differently even in a smaller geographical area.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-10-2014
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.10065
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-04-2015
Publisher: CSIRO
Date: 2016
Publisher: CSIRO
Date: 2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-04-2020
DOI: 10.3390/W12051278
Abstract: Hydrological connectivity between rivers and wetlands is considered one of the key critical factors for the integrity of floodplain landscapes. This study is a comprehensive modelling exercise on quantifying flood-induced wetland connectivity and the potential impacts of climate and water storage in an unregulated river basin in northern Australia. Flood inundation was simulated using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the connectivities between wetlands and rivers were calculated using geoprocessing tools in ArcGIS. Wetlands in the floodplain were identified using waterbody maps derived from satellite imagery. A broadly representative s le of 20 wetlands were selected from 158 wetlands in the Mitchell basin considering location, size and spatial distribution. Five flood events ranging from 1 in 2 to 1 in 100 years were investigated to evaluate how connectivity changes with flood magnitude. Connectivities were assessed for the current condition as well as for two scenarios of future climate (Cwet and Cdry) and one scenario of dam storage. Results showed that a 1 in 100 years event inundated about 5450 km2 of land compared to 1160 km2 for a 1 in 2 years event. Average connectivity of wetlands in the Mitchell basin varies from 1 to 5 days for the floods of 1 in 2 to 1 in 26 years. As expected, a large flood produces longer duration of connectivity relative to a small flood. Results also showed that reduction in mean connectivity under a dryer climate (up to 1.8 days) is higher than the possibility of increase under a wet climate (up to 1 day). The impacts of a water storage, in the headwater catchment, are highly pronounced in terms of inundation and wetland connectivity (e.g., mean connectivity reduced by 1.7 days). The relative change in connectivity is higher for a small flood compared to that of a large event. These results demonstrate that there is a possibility of both increase and decease in connectivity under future climate. However, any water storage will negatively impact the connectivity between floodplain waterbodies and thus reduce the material exchange resulting in a reduction in primary and secondary productions in rivers and wetlands.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-08-2020
DOI: 10.3390/CLI8080094
Abstract: Changes in the natural climate is a major concern for food security across the world, including Bangladesh. This paper presents results from an analysis on quantitative assessment of changes in rainfall and potential evapotranspiration (PET) in the northwest region of Bangladesh, which is a major agricultural hub in the country. The study was conducted using results from 28 global climate models (GCMs), based on IPCC’s 5th assessment report (AR5) for two emission scenarios. Projections were made over the period of 2045 to 2075 for 16 administrative districts in the study area, and the changes were estimated at annual, seasonal and monthly time scale. More projections result in an increase in rainfall than decrease, while almost all projections show an increase in PET. Although annual rainfall is generally projected to increase, some projections show a decrease in some months, especially in December and January. Across the region, the average change projected by the 28 GCMs for the moderate emission was an increase of 235 mm (12.4%) and 44 mm (3.4%) for rainfall and PET, respectively. Increases in rainfall and PET are slightly higher (0.6% and 0.2%, respectively) under high emission scenarios. Increases in both rainfall and PET were projected for two major cropping seasons, Kharif (May-Oct) and Rabi (Nov-Apr). Projections of rainfall show increase in the range of 160 to 250 mm (with an average of 200 mm) during the Kharif season. Although an increase is projected in the Rabi season, the amount is very small (~10mm). It is important to note that rainfall increases mostly in the Kharif season, but PET increases for both Kharif and Rabi seasons. Contrary to rainfall, increase in PET is higher during Rabi season. This information is crucial for better adaptation under increased water demand for agricultural and domestic use.
Publisher: CSIRO
Date: 2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1002/AQC.3339
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: CSIRO
Date: 2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-05-2023
Publisher: CSIRO
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.25919/07DT-8R84
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-08-2021
DOI: 10.1002/IEAM.4492
Abstract: During the 2019–2020 Australian bushfire season, large expanses (~47%) of agricultural and forested land in the Upper Murray River catchment of southeastern (SE) Australia were burned. Storm activity and rainfall following the fires increased sediment loads in rivers, resulting in localized fish kills and widespread water‐quality deterioration. We collected water s les from the headwaters of the Murray River for sediment and contaminant analysis and assessed changes in water quality using long‐term monitoring data. A robust runoff routing model was used to estimate the effect of fire on sediment loads in the Murray River. Peak turbidity in the Murray River reached values of up to 4200 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), shown as pitch‐black water coming down the river. The increase in suspended solids was accompanied by elevated nutrient concentrations during post‐bushfire runoff events. The model simulations demonstrated that the sediment load could be five times greater in the first year after a bushfire than in the prefire condition. It was estimated that Lake Hume, a large reservoir downstream from fire‐affected areas, would receive a maximum of 600 000 metric tonnes of sediment per month in the period immediately following the bushfire, depending on rainfall. Total zinc, arsenic, chromium, nickel, copper, and lead concentrations were above the 99% toxicant default guideline values (DGVs) for freshwater ecosystems. It is also likely that increased nutrient loads in Lake Hume will have ongoing implications for algal dynamics, in both the lake and the Murray River downstream. Information from this study provides a valuable basis for future research to support bushfire‐related policy developments in fire‐prone catchments and the mitigation of postfire water quality and aquatic ecosystem impacts. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021 :1203–1214. © 2021 Commonwealth of Australia. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management © 2021 Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 08-03-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PCLM.0000009
Abstract: Understanding the historical and future spatio-temporal changes in climate extremes and their potential risk to rice production is crucial for achieving food security in Bangladesh. This paper presents results from a study on trend analysis for 13 climate metrics that significantly influence rice production. The analysis was conducted using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and the Theil-Sen slope estimator methods. The study included data from all available weather stations in Bangladesh and the assessment was done for both the wet (May to October) and dry (November to April) seasons, which cover the growing seasons of the country’s three types of rice: Aus, Aman and Boro. Results show significant decreasing trends for wet season rainfall ( mm/season/year in some stations) in the central and north regions. In addition, dry season rainfall is decreasing significantly in many areas, whilst dry season dry spells are increasing throughout Bangladesh. Decrease in rainfall in some of these areas are of concern because of its impacts on rainfed Aus rice and in the sowing lanting of rainfed Aman rice and irrigated dry season Boro rice. The maximum temperatures in the wet season are increasing throughout the country at 0.5°C every ten years, significantly at most of the climate stations. The analysis shows that the number of days with temperature °C has significantly increased in 18 stations over the last three decades, which implies a serious risk to Aman rice yield. The current maximum temperatures (both in the wet and dry seasons) are higher than the optimum temperature ranges for rice production, and this will have likely adverse effects on yield in the face of climate change with increasing temperatures. The results herein have practical implications for planning appropriate adaptation policies to ensure food security in the country.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-06-2017
DOI: 10.3390/W9070481
Publisher: CSIRO
Date: 2016
Publisher: CSIRO
Date: 2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-01-2020
DOI: 10.3390/GEOSCIENCES10020043
Abstract: Probabilistic models for sub-daily rainfall predictions are important tools for understanding catchment hydrology and estimating essential rainfall inputs for agricultural and ecological studies. This research aimed at achieving theoretical probability distribution to non-zero, sub-daily rainfall using data from 1467 rain gauges across the Australian continent. A framework was developed for estimating rainfall data at ungauged locations using the fitted model parameters from neighbouring gauges. The Lognormal, Gamma and Weibull distributions, as well as their mixed distributions were fitted to non-zero six-minutes rainfall data. The root mean square error was used to evaluate the goodness of fit for each of these distributions. To generate data at ungauged locations, parameters of well-fit models were interpolated from the four closest neighbours using inverse weighting distance method. Results show that the Gamma and Weibull distributions underestimate and lognormal distributions overestimate the high rainfall events. In general, a mixed model of two distributions was found better compared to the results of an in idual model. Among the five models studied, the mixed Gamma and Lognormal (G-L) distribution produced the minimum root mean square error. The G-L model produced the best match to observed data for high rainfall events (e.g., 90th, 95th, 99th, 99.9th and 99.99th percentiles).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2011.10.019
Abstract: Much of the sediment and nutrient load to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) lagoon happens during over bank floods, when discharge can be significantly underestimated by standard river gauges. This paper assesses the potential need for a flood load correction for 28 coastal rivers that discharge into the GBR lagoon. For each river, daily discharge was ided into flows above and below a 'flood' threshold to calculate the mean annual percentage flow above this threshold. Most GBR rivers potentially need a flood load correction as over 15% of their mean annual flow occurs above the minor flood level only seven rivers need little/no correction as their flood flows were less than 5% of the mean annual flow. Improved assessment of the true load of materials to the GBR lagoon would be an important contribution to the monitoring and reporting of progress towards Reef Plan and associated marine load targets.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-06-2020
DOI: 10.1002/ECO.2228
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: CSIRO
Date: 2020
Location: Australia
Location: Australia
No related grants have been discovered for Fazlul Karim.