ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4998-5635
Current Organisations
ETH Zurich
,
University of Zurich
,
University of Tokyo
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1995
DOI: 10.1038/375635A0
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1974
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(74)93040-2
Abstract: Cones are critically dependent on interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) for retinoid delivery in the visual cycle. Cone-dominant vertebrates offer an opportunity to uncover the molecular basis of IRBP's role in this process. Here, we explore the association of IRBP with the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) of cones vs. rods in cone dominant retinas from chicken (Gallus domesticus), turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), and pig (Sus scrofa). Retinas were detached and fixed directly or washed in saline prior to fixation. Disassociated photoreceptors with adherent matrix were also prepared. Under 2 mM CaCl(2) , insoluble matrix was delaminated from saline washed retinas. The distribution of IRBP, as well as glycans binding peanut agglutinin (cone matrix) and wheat germ agglutinin (rod/cone matrix), was defined by confocal microscopy. Retina flat mounts showed IRBP diffusely distributed in an interconnecting, lattice-like pattern throughout the entire matrix. Saline wash replaced this pattern with fluorescent annuli surrounding in idual cone outer segments. In isolated cones and matrix sheets, IRBP colocalized with the peanut agglutinin binding matrix glycans. Our results reveal a wash-resistant association of IRBP with a matrix domain immediately surrounding cone outer segments. The cone matrix sheath may be responsible for IRBP-mediated cone targeting of 11-cis retinoids.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-1997
DOI: 10.1038/40275
Abstract: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important but understudied zoonotic virus causing both acute and chronic viral hepatitis. A proportion of HEV-infected in iduals also developed neurological diseases such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, neuralgic amyotrophy, encephalitis, and myelitis, although the mechanism remains unknown. In this study, by using an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model, we first investigated whether HEV can cross the BBB and whether the quasi-enveloped HEV virions are more permissible to the BBB than the nonenveloped virions. We found that both quasi-enveloped and nonenveloped HEVs can similarly cross the BBB and that addition of proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) has no significant effect on the ability of HEV to cross the BBB in vitro. To explore the possible mechanism of HEV entry across the BBB, we tested the susceptibility of human brain microvascular endothelial cells lining the BBB to HEV infection and showed that brain microvascular endothelial cells support productive HEV infection. To further confirm the in vitro observation, we conducted an experimental HEV infection study in pigs and showed that both quasi-enveloped and nonenveloped HEVs invade the central nervous system (CNS) in pigs, as HEV RNA was detected in the brain and spinal cord of infected pigs. The HEV-infected pigs with detectable viral RNA in CNS tissues had histological lesions in brain and spinal cord and significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and interleukin 18 than the HEV-infected pigs without detectable viral RNA in CNS tissues. The findings suggest a potential mechanism of HEV-associated neuroinvasion.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Date: 11-05-2011
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2007
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-08-2006
DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-1293.2006.00408.X
Abstract: To determine the frequency of and reasons for hospitalization of adult HIV-infected patients compared with the general population. Length of stay, primary/secondary diagnoses and discharge status were reviewed for all HIV-infected patients admitted to Calgary-area hospitals between 1995 and 2003. Admissions were classified as HIV- or non-HIV-related using International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th revisions (ICD-9/10) codes and confirmed by chart review. Summary comparative data on admissions for the general population were obtained from the regional administrative database. HIV-infected adults were hospitalized more than twice as frequently, experienced longer stays (median length 5 vs 3 days, respectively) and had higher in-hospital mortality rates (9.1 vs 1.3 per 100 admissions, respectively) than the general population (P < 0.01). Hospitalizations of HIV-infected patients declined by 58% from 1995 to 2003. Patients newly diagnosed with HIV infection accounted for 15% of all HIV-related hospitalizations. HIV-related admissions for known HIV-infected patients decreased from 12 per 100 patient-years-followed in 1995 to 3 per 100 patient-years-followed in 2003. Low CD4 counts, AIDS, and no current use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were strongly correlated with hospitalizations (P < 0.01). Non-HIV-related hospitalizations for HIV-infected patients increased by 42% and were associated with comorbidities (e.g. substance use and psychological disorders). Despite the reduction in HIV-related hospitalizations following the introduction of HAART, all-cause hospitalization rates have increased and have started to erode this benefit.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-05-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-05-2020
DOI: 10.1002/BIT.27364
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-04-1953
DOI: 10.1038/171737A0
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-1954
DOI: 10.1038/174718A0
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-05-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-018-04126-7
Abstract: Object recognition in the natural world usually occurs in the presence of multiple surrounding objects, but responses of neurons in inferotemporal (IT) cortex, the large brain area responsible for object recognition, have mostly been studied only to isolated objects. We study rules governing responses to multiple objects by cells in two category-selective regions of macaque IT cortex, the middle lateral face patch (ML) and the middle body patch (MB). We find that responses of single ML and MB cells to pairs of objects can be explained by the widely accepted framework of normalization, with one added ingredient: homogeneous category selectivity of neighboring neurons forming the normalization pool. This rule leads to winner-take-all, contralateral-take-all, or weighted averaging behavior in single cells, depending on the category, spatial configuration, and relative contrast of the two objects. The winner-take-all behavior suggests a potential mechanism for clutter-invariant representation of face and bodies under certain conditions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-03-2015
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Date: 10-08-2011
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Date: 10-2004
DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930.61.10.593
Abstract: Die epidemiologische Situation in der Schweiz war gekennzeichnet durch einen deutlichen Rückgang in den Aidsfällen und HIV-assoziierten Todesfällen nach der Einführung der hochaktiven antiretroviralen Therapie (HAART). Die Neuinfektionen haben jedoch in den letzten Jahren wieder zugenommen und die Aidsfälle und Todesfälle nahmen nicht weiter ab. Wir diskutieren beispielhaft drei Fragenkomplexe, die für Epidemiologie und Public Health relevant und aktuell sind: (i) den Gebrauch von SHCS Daten in der Interpretation der Statistiken des Bundesamts für Gesundheit, die auf den Meldungen der Ärzte und Laboratorien beruhen (ii) Analysen des Zugangs zu und Gebrauch von HAART in verschiedenen Patientengruppen, zum Beispiel Einwanderer, Patienten aus den unteren Sozialschichten und Patienten, die sich durch intravenösen Drogengebrauch mit HIV infiziert hatten und (iii) die Erfassung von Trends im Sexualverhalten der Studienteilnehmer, inklusive Kondomgebrauch mit stabilen Partnern und bei Gelegenheitskontakten. Anhand dieser Beispiele versuchen wir zu zeigen, dass die SHCS eine wichtige Ressource für die epidemiologische Analyse und Überwachung der Epidemie und die Planung von Public Health Maßnahmen darstellt.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-1959
DOI: 10.1038/183979A0
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 07-09-1990
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2006
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 08-04-1995
Publisher: Springer US
Date: 1990
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Date: 08-02-2020
Abstract: The reproductive axis is controlled by a network of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons born in the primitive nose that migrate to the hypothalamus alongside axons of the olfactory system. The observation that congenital anosmia (inability to smell) is often associated with GnRH deficiency in humans led to the prevailing view that GnRH neurons depend on olfactory structures to reach the brain, but this hypothesis has not been confirmed. The objective of this work is to determine the potential for normal reproductive function in the setting of completely absent internal and external olfactory structures. We conducted comprehensive phenotyping studies in 11 patients with congenital arhinia. These studies were augmented by review of medical records and study questionnaires in another 40 international patients. All male patients demonstrated clinical and/or biochemical signs of GnRH deficiency, and the 5 men studied in person had no luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses, suggesting absent GnRH activity. The 6 women studied in person also had apulsatile LH profiles, yet 3 had spontaneous breast development and 2 women (studied from afar) had normal breast development and menstrual cycles, suggesting a fully intact reproductive axis. Administration of pulsatile GnRH to 2 GnRH-deficient patients revealed normal pituitary responsiveness but gonadal failure in the male patient. Patients with arhinia teach us that the GnRH neuron, a key gatekeeper of the reproductive axis, is associated with but may not depend on olfactory structures for normal migration and function, and more broadly, illustrate the power of extreme human phenotypes in answering fundamental questions about human embryology.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-09-2016
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE18299
Abstract: The population history of Aboriginal Australians remains largely uncharacterized. Here we generate high-coverage genomes for 83 Aboriginal Australians (speakers of Pama-Nyungan languages) and 25 Papuans from the New Guinea Highlands. We find that Papuan and Aboriginal Australian ancestors ersified 25-40 thousand years ago (kya), suggesting pre-Holocene population structure in the ancient continent of Sahul (Australia, New Guinea and Tasmania). However, all of the studied Aboriginal Australians descend from a single founding population that differentiated ~10-32 kya. We infer a population expansion in northeast Australia during the Holocene epoch (past 10,000 years) associated with limited gene flow from this region to the rest of Australia, consistent with the spread of the Pama-Nyungan languages. We estimate that Aboriginal Australians and Papuans erged from Eurasians 51-72 kya, following a single out-of-Africa dispersal, and subsequently admixed with archaic populations. Finally, we report evidence of selection in Aboriginal Australians potentially associated with living in the desert.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-08-2018
DOI: 10.1111/HIV.12665
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 25-06-2019
Abstract: Predatory journals are spurious scientific outlets that charge fees for editorial and publishing services that they do not provide. Their lack of quality assurance of published articles increases the risk that unreliable research is published and thus jeopardizes the integrity and credibility of research as a whole. There is increasing awareness of the risks associated with predatory publishing, but efforts to address this situation are h ered by the lack of a clear definition of predatory outlets. Blacklists of predatory journals and whitelists of legitimate journals have been developed but not comprehensively examined. By systematically analyzing these lists, this study provides insights into their utility and delineates the different notions of quality and legitimacy in scholarly publishing used. This study contributes to a better understanding of the relevant concepts and provides a starting point for the development of a robust definition of predatory journals.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 28-03-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2006
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.4172/2324-8955.1000135
Abstract: Combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) has changed the clinical presentation of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) to that of the milder forms of the disease. Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI) is now more prevalent and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk in HIV-1-infected people. HIV-1 envelope ( Paired plasma and CSF s les were collected at 12-month intervals and HIV-1 Phylogenetic analysis of paired s les consistently showed genetic variants unique to the CSF. Phenotypic prediction showed CCR5 (R5) variants for all CSF-derived sequences and showed minor X4 variants (or dual-tropic) in the plasma at later time points. Viral compartmentalization was evident throughout the study, suggesting that the occurrence of distinctive Our study provides new insights about the genetic characteristics within the C2V4 of HIV-1
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1991
DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92029-2
Abstract: Markers of immune function present before infection may determine the subsequent course of disease in HIV-infected in iduals. In 1983, we measured immune function in a group of haemophiliacs in Edinburgh. In 1984, 18 of these patients became infected with HIV-1 from contaminated factor VIII. We have followed-up these patients since their seroconversion. The rate of disease progression, as assessed by the appearance or not of AIDS symptoms or signs within five years of seroconversion, was related both to the concentration of total plasma IgM before exposure to infection and to the pattern of specific IgM and IgA anti-HIV response around the time of IgG seroconversion. Disease progression also correlated with concentrations of plasma interleukin-2 receptor (a marker of lymphocyte activation) and with the number and percentage of circulating DR + ve (activated) T cells. Our findings show that the extent of host immune reactivity, which may be genetically determined, is a powerful factor in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated disease.
Location: United States of America
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Start Date: 2011
End Date: 2012
Funder: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2002
End Date: 2004
Funder: British Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2005
End Date: 2012
Funder: NIHR School for Primary Care Research
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2020
End Date: 2030
Funder: National Science Foundation
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2002
End Date: 2004
Funder: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2003
End Date: 2013
Funder: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 1996
End Date: 1997
Funder: Gebert Rüf Stiftung
View Funded Activity