ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7539-912X
Current Organisation
Macquarie University
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Cross-Sectional Analysis | Demography | Family And Household Studies | Fertility
Macroeconomic issues not elsewhere classified | Families | Employment |
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2019.02.032
Abstract: In Bangladesh climate change has contributed to a massive displacement of people. This study examines the effects of climate-related displacement, socioeconomic status, availability of healthcare providers and disease-related attributes on the healthcare-seeking behaviors of parents for their children. Using cross-sectional survey data from the parents of 1003 children aged under 15 who were ill in the four weeks prior to the interview, collected from 600 randomly-selected households in climate displacement-susceptible areas and 600 households in non-climate-displacement-susceptible areas in Bangladesh, we use multivariate logistic regression to identify the factors associated with parental healthcare-seeking behaviors. The results show that 15.5% of the children who had been ill receive either no care or curative care at home. Of those receiving care outside the home, only 22.1% are treated by trained providers. Climate-related displaced parents are significantly less likely to seek care or to use provider-prescribed care to manage children's illnesses. Areas lacking local healthcare providers, poorer households, females, child age and mild illness are also associated with a child being significantly less likely to be treated outside the home. The children of climate-related displaced parents are around half as likely as those of non-displaced parents to be treated by a trained provider. The local availability of medical doctors, cost of reaching a healthcare center, household income, type and severity of illness, child's age, and joint parental decision-making about care providers are also important predictors of the selection of trained healthcare providers for children. Thus, climate-related displacement affects the healthcare-seeking behaviors of parents for their children. Policy aimed at improving child health should address the socioeconomic disadvantage and access to healthcare of the displaced, the training of local untrained providers about Primary Health Care service provision, and the numbers of medical doctors in the displacement-prone areas.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-01-2009
Publisher: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
Date: 16-04-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-09-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-04-2018
DOI: 10.1002/AJS4.36
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 12-11-2017
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1017/S0021932000006957
Abstract: This analysis of the 1986 Liberia Demographic and Health Survey data finds remarkably high fertility levels among women who have never married or lived with a man, reflecting widespread pre-marital sex and a lack of use of contraception. It is found that single Liberian women are more likely to foster out children than married Liberian women of the same age.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-01-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1002/1099-1220(200005/06)6:3<213::AID-IJPG182>3.0.CO;2-8
Publisher: Local Population Studies Society - LPSS
Date: 30-06-2017
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 26-11-2020
DOI: 10.1017/DEM.2020.3
Abstract: This paper provides new insights into the effect of birth cohort size on cohort lifetime wages and its sensitivity to the future trajectories of immigration and fertility. The main innovation is to relax the typical assumption of perfect substitution of labor by age. The effect of imperfect substitution of labor by age is to qualify the standard result that smaller birth cohorts are likely to enjoy relatively high wages since that result depends on the size of co-worker cohorts. The positive small cohort effect on lifetime wages therefore depends on demographic patterns, which are simulated here through low and high fertility and immigration projections. The analysis applies to actual and projected cohorts for Australia and tests the sensitivity to alternative demographic parameters, and the substitution and discount parameters. The effects of imperfect substitution can amount several percentage points of lifetime wages.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-11-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-06-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-05-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-05-2016
DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1190029
Abstract: The economic implications of increasing life expectancy are important concerns for governments in developed countries. The aims of this study were as follows: (i) to forecast mortality for 14 developed countries from 2010 to 2050, using the Poisson Common Factor Model (ii) to project the effects of the forecast mortality patterns on support ratios and (iii) to calculate labour force participation increases which could offset these effects. The forecast gains in life expectancy correlate negatively with current fertility. Pre-2050 support ratios are projected to fall most in Japan and east-central and southern Europe, and least in Sweden and Australia. A post-2050 recovery is projected for most east-central and southern European countries. The increases in labour force participation needed to counterbalance the effects of mortality improvement are greatest for Japan, Poland, and the Czech Republic, and least for the USA, Canada, Netherlands, and Sweden. The policy implications are discussed.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-03-2017
DOI: 10.3390/RISKS5010016
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-01-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-06-2021
DOI: 10.1002/PSP.2494
Abstract: This paper explores the occupational status of immigrant birthplace‐generation groups in Australia, a country which emphasises skills in immigrant admissions. Using 2016 data, the occupational statuses of the first, 1.5, and second generations of Australia's China, India, Malaysia, Philippines, and Vietnam birthplace‐generation groups are compared to those for the main English‐speaking countries, all other countries, and third‐ and above‐generation Australians. The results show that the occupational status of the 1.5‐ and second‐generation Asian groups considered generally exceed that for their first generation counterparts and invariably exceed that for third‐ and above‐generation Australians, even after controlling for a range of confounding factors. For most Asian groups, the 1.5 generation's occupational status exceeds that of the second generation. Modification of the ‘segmented assimilation’ hypothesis to incorporate a new category of ‘hyper‐selective differentiation’ is proposed to capture the extraordinary upward occupational mobility of most 1.5‐ and second‐generation Asian groups in Australia.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-04-2023
DOI: 10.1111/PADR.12559
Abstract: This paper brings a new perspective to the population growth implications of the low fertility levels of European countries. For years between 2009 and 2018, whether constant fertility, mortality, and net migration would generate long‐run population growth or population decrease is indicated simply and visually by comparison of the total fertility rate (TFR) to a migration‐adjusted replacement level. The results show that, when considered in combination with concurrent net migration and mortality, the population growth implication of low fertility varies between countries and over time. For Sweden, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the United Kingdom for all the years considered the fertility–mortality–migration combination is coherent with long‐run population growth. For the former two countries, long‐run population growth would be sustained by net migration at current levels even if fertility were to fall to very low levels. In contrast, for every Eastern European country and year considered, unchanged fertility–mortality–migration combination would lead to population decrease. The need for an alternative view of low fertility in terms of whether the TFR is above or below a migration‐adjusted replacement level and the need for a migration context‐specific view, as distinct from a universal best view, of the desirability of fertility level are discussed.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-05-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.PUHE.2009.03.006
Abstract: This study used life table methods to evaluate the potential effects of reduction in major disease mortality on life expectancy in New South Wales (NSW), and the differences in cause-specific mortality between country of birth groups. The total and partial elimination of major causes of death were examined to identify the high-risk groups for community-level health planning. Life tables were used to combine the mortality rates of the NSW population at different ages into a single statistical model. Using abridged, multiple decrement and cause-elimination life tables with the mortality data for NSW in 2000-2002, broader disease groups were examined. Multiple decrement tables were generated by country of birth. The effect of the partial elimination of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) was also studied. This study found that Pacific-born men and women who reach their 30th birthday and eventually die from IHD are expected to live, on average, 10.8 and 5.8 years less, respectively, than average men and women in NSW. If IHD is eliminated as a cause of death, 7.5 years for males and 6.7 years for females would be added to life expectancy at birth. Life expectancy at birth is likely to be further increased by reducing deaths caused by diseases of the cardiovascular system, particularly among people aged over 65 years, by reducing malignant neoplasm deaths among those aged below 65 years, and by reducing deaths due to accidents, injury and poisoning, mainly among men aged 15-29 years. Further gains in life expectancy could be achieved with community-level educational programmes on lifestyle management and disease prevention.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-01-2012
Publisher: Guttmacher Institute
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1363/46E9620
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-11-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-01-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-10-2018
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-2000
DOI: 10.1136/JMS.7.3.146
Abstract: Objective The purpose of mammographic screening is to reduce mortality from breast cancer. This study describes a method for projecting the number of screens to be performed by a mammographic screening programme, and applies this method in the context of New South Wales, Australia. Method The total number of mammographic screens was projected as the sum of initial screens and re-screens, and is based on projections of the population, rates of new recruitment, rates of attrition within the programme, and the mix of screening intervals. The baseline scenario involved: 70% participation of women aged 50–69 years, 90% return rate for the second and subsequent re-screens, 5% annual screens (95% biennial screens), and a specified population projection. The results were assessed with respect to variations in these assumptions. Results The projections were strongly influenced by: the rate of screening of the target age group the proportion of women re-screened annually and the rates of attrition within the programme. Although demographic change had a notable effect, there was little difference between different population projections. Standard assumptions about attrition within the programme suggest that the current target participation rates in NSW may not be achieved in the long term. Conclusions A practical model for projecting mammographic screens for populations is described which is capable of forecasting the number of screens under different scenarios. Implications Projections of mammographic screens provide important information for the planning and financing of equipment and personnel, and for testing the effects of variations in important operational parameters. Re-screening attrition is an important contributor to screening viability.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-11-2019
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 15-12-2015
DOI: 10.1017/S0021932014000522
Abstract: Indonesia's infant mortality rates are among the highest in South-East Asia, and there are substantial variations between its sub-national regions. This qualitative study aims to explore early mortality-related health service provision and gender inequity issues based on mothers' pregnancy, delivery and early-age survival experience in Ende district, Nusa Tenggara Timur province. Thirty-two mothers aged 18–45 years with at least one birth in the previous five years were interviewed in depth in May 2013. The results show most mothers have little knowledge about the danger signs for a child's illness. Mothers with early-age deaths generally did not know the cause of death. Very few mothers had received adequate information on maternal and child health during their antenatal and postnatal visits to the health facility. Some mothers expressed a preference for using a traditional birth attendant, because of their ready availability and the more extensive range of support services they provide, compared with local midwives. Unprofessional attitudes displayed by midwives were reported by several mothers. As elsewhere in Indonesia, the power of health decision-making lies with the husband. Policies aimed at elevating mothers' roles in health care decision-making are discussed as measures that would help to improve early-age survival outcomes. Widening the public health insurance distribution, especially among poorer mothers, and equalizing the geographical distribution of midwives and health facilities are recommended to tackle geographical inequities and to increase early-age survival in Ende district.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 16-03-2005
DOI: 10.1017/S0021932004006546
Abstract: Using data from Wave 1 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, this paper analyses the extent to which childlessness among Australian women aged 40–54 years varies according to the size and type of family in which they were brought up, and the level and type of schooling they had. Multilevel logistic analysis shows that having been educated in a non-government school, having stayed at school to year 12, having a small number of siblings, at age 14 having a father who was either dead or absent, at age 14 having a father who was employed in a professional occupation, or being a migrant from North or West Europe, North America, East Asia or South-East Asia, all are significantly associated with higher rates of childlessness among women in the 40–54 years age range. The effects of these early lifecourse variables on marital and socioeconomic status in later life, and hence on childlessness, are also considered. The implications of the findings for fertility trends and for Australia’s public debate are discussed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-08-2021
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 29-04-2017
DOI: 10.1017/S0021932016000134
Abstract: Since 2001 a decentralization policy has increased the responsibility placed on local government for improving child health in Indonesia. This paper explores local government and community leaders’ perspectives on child health in a rural district in Indonesia, using a qualitative approach. Focus group discussions were held in May 2013. The issues probed relate to health personnel skills and motivation, service availability, the influence of traditional beliefs, and health care and gender inequity. The participants identify weak leadership, inefficient health management and inadequate child health budgets as important issues. The lack of health staff in rural areas is seen as the reason for promoting the use of traditional birth attendants. Midwifery graduates and village midwives are perceived as lacking motivation to work in rural areas. Some local traditions are seen as detrimental to child health. Husbands provide little support to their wives. These results highlight the need for a harmonization and alignment of the efforts of local government agencies and local community leaders to address child health care and gender inequity issues.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2007
DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.2007.00145.X
Abstract: To examine the demographic profiles of contraceptive users in Australia, paying particular attention to the use of condoms with other methods. Data from a specific section on contraceptive use in the 2005 Wave 5 of the nationwide, longitudinal Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) were analysed. The section was restricted to 2,221 women aged 18-44 women were excluded if they were pregnant or subfecund, or if they or their partner had been sterilised. Two-thirds of respondents were using contraception, including more than 15% who indicated use of more than one method. The contraceptive pill (39%) was the most widely used method, followed by the condom (28%). Women using sex-related methods were more likely to be using more than one method. More than one-quarter of pill users (28%) were using condoms as well. The combination of pill and condom was significantly associated with age, being a student, and country of birth. Less than 3% of women reported using rhythm methods and of these two-thirds were using another method. Dual protection provided by the combination of the condom with the pill or other methods has become an important factor in the prevention of sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies, but continuing education on dual protection and better access to treatment is still necessary for both men and women, particularly among at-risk groups.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-06-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2006
DOI: 10.1007/BF03031865
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-01-2018
Publisher: Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Verlag
Date: 18-08-2023
DOI: 10.1553/P-8JF5-7CDC
Abstract: Between 2009 and 2018, the total fertility rate fell in most European countries. In 2018, fertility was below the replacement level throughout Europe. Net migration was positive for two-thirds of European countries. This paper illustrates the implications for long-run population growth of observed net migration-fertilitymortality combinations in 20 European countries over the 2009–18 period by comparing the observed net migration to a zero population growth-related ‘replacement level’ for net migration. The results show that in several northern and north-western European countries, the net migration level has been consistently above this replacement level: if the net migration level and fertility and mortality rates remain constant, the population would increase. However, the findings also indicate that in all of the eastern European countries covered, the net migration level has been consistently below the net migration replacement level. The results further show that in Finland, Norway and Switzerland, the long-run implications of having constant fertility-mortality-net migration levels change from leading to population growth to leading to population decline. The opposite pattern is observed in Germany. The feasibility of preventing long-run population decreases through changes in net migration levels is discussed in light of the results.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-02-2016
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Start Date: 2009
End Date: 12-2012
Amount: $105,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
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