ORCID Profile
0000-0003-0395-307X
Current Organisation
Griffith University Griffith Health
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Environmental Engineering | Environmental Technologies | Fertilisers and Agrochemicals (Application etc.)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-02-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: Coastal Engineering Research Council
Date: 14-12-2012
DOI: 10.9753/ICCE.V33.MANAGEMENT.21
Abstract: In coastal management under climatic pressures, the final aim of vulnerability assessments, system thinking or scenario planning exercises is to inform the identification of the most appropriate adaptation options for communities under risk of coastal hazards and climate change. In this paper we show how we combined these techniques for coastal settlements adaptation in South East Queensland, one of the most populated Australian regions, including: (i) the use of suburb-level mapping and numerical modelling to identify and assess vulnerability hotspots (ii) the development and testing of systems thinking and bayesian modelling techniques to explore adaptation pathways and the adaptive capacity of coastal communities and (iii) the use of scenario planning techniques to test adaptation options in an uncertain future. We show how these outcomes were used to develop a range of research-based adaptation policies, programs and actions and to inform the preparation of practical guidance for councils across Queensland.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-04-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-021-87675-0
Abstract: Living near, recreating in, and feeling psychologically connected to, the natural world are all associated with better mental health, but many exposure-related questions remain. Using data from an 18-country survey ( n = 16,307) we explored associations between multiple measures of mental health (positive well-being, mental distress, depression/anxiety medication use) and: (a) exposures (residential/recreational visits) to different natural settings (green/inland-blue/coastal-blue spaces) and (b) nature connectedness, across season and country. People who lived in greener/coastal neighbourhoods reported higher positive well-being, but this association largely disappeared when recreational visits were controlled for. Frequency of recreational visits to green, inland-blue, and coastal-blue spaces in the last 4 weeks were all positively associated with positive well-being and negatively associated with mental distress. Associations with green space visits were relatively consistent across seasons and countries but associations with blue space visits showed greater heterogeneity. Nature connectedness was also positively associated with positive well-being and negatively associated with mental distress and was, along with green space visits, associated with a lower likelihood of using medication for depression. By contrast inland-blue space visits were associated with a greater likelihood of using anxiety medication. Results highlight the benefits of multi-exposure, multi-response, multi-country studies in exploring complexity in nature-health associations.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 04-08-2022
DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X2200108X
Abstract: For hospitals, learning from disaster response efforts and adapting organizational practices can improve resilience in dealing with future disruptions. However, amidst global disruptions by climate change, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and other disasters, hospitals’ ability to cope continues to be highly variable. Hence, there are increasing calls to improve hospitals’ capabilities to grow and adapt towards enhanced resilience. This study aims two-fold: (1) to characterize the current state of knowledge about how hospitals are gaining knowledge from their responses to disasters, and (2) to explore how this knowledge can be applied to inform organizational practices for hospital resilience. This study used Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for data collection and framework for data analysis, Covidence software, and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords relevant to “hospitals,” “learn,” “disaster response,” and “resilience.” The quality appraisal used an adapted version of the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool (MMAT). After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and quality appraisal, out of the 420 articles retrieved, 22 articles remained for thematic and content analysis. The thematic analysis included the hospital’s functional (operational) and physical (structural and non-structural) sections. The content analysis followed nine learning areas (Governance and Leadership, Planning and Risk Assessment, Surveillance and Monitoring, Communication and Network Engagement, Staff Practices and Safety, Equipment and Resources, Facilities and Infrastructure, Novelty and Innovation, and Learning and Evaluation). On applying the Deming cycle, only four studies described a completed learning cycle wherein hospitals adapted their organizational structures using the prior experience and evaluation gained in responding to disaster(s). There is a gap between hospitals’ organizational learning and institutionalized practice. The conceptualized Hybrid Resilience Learning Framework (HRLF) aims to guide the hospitals’ decision makers in evaluating organizational resilience and knowledge. In the face of disasters, both the stressful factors and the coping strategies that affect the health care workers (HCWs) should be substantially considered.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-09-2022
Abstract: Climate change has been recognised as a multiplier of risk factors affecting public health. Disruptions caused by natural disasters and other climate-driven impacts are placing increasing demands on healthcare systems. These, in turn, impact the wellness and performance of healthcare workers (HCWs) and hinder the accessibility, functionality and safety of healthcare systems. This study explored factors influencing HCWs’ disaster management capabilities with the aim of improving their resilience and adaptive capacity in the face of climate change. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirteen HCWs who dealt with disasters within two hospitals in Queensland, Australia. Analysis of the results identified two significant themes, HCWs’ disaster education and HCWs’ wellness and needs. The latter comprised five subthemes: HCWs’ fear and vulnerability, doubts and uncertainty, competing priorities, resilience and adaptation, and needs assessment. This study developed an ‘HCWs Resilience Toolkit’, which encourages mindfulness amongst leaders, managers and policymakers about supporting four priority HCWs’ needs: ‘Wellness’, ‘Education’, ‘Resources’ and ‘Communication’. The authors focused on the ‘Education’ component to detail recommended training for each of the pre-disaster, mid-disaster and post-disaster phases. The authors conclude the significance of the toolkit, which provides a timely contribution to the healthcare sector amidst ongoing adversity.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 10-1999
Abstract: To investigate short term effects of concentrations of pollutants in ambient air on hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Hong Kong. Retrospective ecological study. A Poisson regression was performed of concentrations of daily air pollutant on daily counts of emergency hospital admissions in 12 major hospitals. The effects of time trend, season, and other cyclical factors, temperature, and humidity were accounted for. Autocorrelation and overdispersion were corrected. Daily concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter or = 65 years were at higher risk. Significant positive interactions were detected between NO2, O3, and PM10, and between O3 and winter months. Adverse health effects are evident at current ambient concentrations of air pollutants. Further reduction in air pollution is necessary to protect the health of the community, especially that of the high risk group.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2020
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 31-07-2023
DOI: 10.1177/19375867231187154
Abstract: This review explores the role of purposefully designed and well-integrated therapeutic hospital gardens (THGs) for the benefits of patients, their families, and staff. Significant benefits are realized when people are in contact with nature in the city. Although hospital gardens are prevalent and the beneficial effects of nature on health are widely acknowledged, the establishment of a consistent definition for hospital gardens that promote health is vital to attain reliable and quantifiable health outcomes. Twenty-eight peer-reviewed journals were critiqued for the period of 2016–2021 and updated with 12 articles from 2021 to 2023 to analyze and synthesize the latest thinking and development in this emergent field. Subsequently, current books and exemplar practice literature were synthesized with the results of the literature review to produce a working definition of THGs. Three themes and 14 subthemes were established showing the interconnectedness of THG definition, user needs and experiences, and the benefits and values of THGs. Two original findings can be established—a need to have a consensus on terminology and to establish design processes. The working definition was produced as a foundational step to guide stakeholders in implementing THGs. THGs can play a role in improving well-being when they are purposefully designed and well-integrated in hospital programs and health policy. Hospital CEOs, designers, and healthcare experts can use the findings and working definition to assist the establishment of such health promoting gardens.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCV.2013.11.011
Abstract: Equine influenza virus (EIV) is considered enzootic in Europe (except Iceland), Asia, North Africa, and North and South America. When EIV outbreaks occur they may severely impact the equine and tourist industries. Australia faced its first EIV outbreak beginning in August of 2007. The outbreak was concentrated in New South Wales and Queensland, with more than 1400 confirmed EIV infections in horses during the first month. Rapid response from the equine industry and the federal government was successful and Australia was declared free from EIV by the end of 2007. This cross-sectional study was designed to examine associations between exposure to EIV-infected horses and evidence of EIV infection in humans. Employing informed consent, between October 2007 and April 2008, 100 subjects (89 with horse exposures and 11 non-exposed) were enrolled during equine events and at the University of the Sunshine Coast. All subjects provided a blood s le and were asked to complete an online questionnaire including health history, animal exposure and demographic information. Sera s les were tested for the presence of antibodies against two H3N8 EIV strains using microneutralization, hemagglutination inhibition, and enzyme-linked lectin assays. Evidence for H3N8 infection was sparse, with only 9 study participants having any indication of H3N8 infection and the seroreactivity seen was low and easily explained by cross-reactions against human influenza strains or vaccines. These data provide little evidence to support the premise that EIV infections occurred among humans exposed to EIV-infected horses during the 2007 Australian epizootic.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 04-12-2014
DOI: 10.1201/B18053-17
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-07-2006
DOI: 10.1111/J.1471-0528.2006.01010.X
Abstract: [corrected] There is evidence that maternal exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes. To assess preterm birth (PTB) in relation to maternal exposure to ambient air pollution. Retrospective cohort. Brisbane, Australia. A total of 28,200 singleton live births for the period of 1 July 2000 to 30 June 2003. Average maternal exposure estimates for ambient particulate matter (PM(10) and bsp), ozone (O(3)) and nitrogen dioxide were calculated over the first 3 months after last menstrual period (LMP) and the last 3 months prior to birth (in idually and combined as trimesters). PTB was defined as gestation <37 weeks and odds ratios (OR) were calculated for PTB per interquartile range increase in the maternal exposure estimate for each pollutant. Various covariates were controlled for, including season of birth. Exposure to PM(10) and O(3) during trimester one was associated with an increased risk of PTB (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.25 and OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.10-1.45, respectively). The PM(10) exposure effect associated with trimester one was strongly related to exposure during the first month post-LMP (PM(10), month one OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.13-1.26). These results suggest that maternal exposure to low levels of ambient air pollution is associated with PTB.
Publisher: Environmental Health Perspectives
Date: 07-2006
DOI: 10.1289/EHP.8674
Abstract: The goal of this study was to estimate the associations between outdoor air pollution and cardiovascular hospital admissions for the elderly. Associations were assessed using the case-crossover method for seven cities: Auckland and Christchurch, New Zealand and Brisbane, Canberra, Melbourne, Perth, and Sydney Australia. Results were combined across cities using a random-effects meta-analysis and stratified for two adult age groups: 15-64 years and >/= 65 years of age (elderly). Pollutants considered were nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, daily measures of particulate matter (PM) and ozone. Where multiple pollutant associations were found, a matched case-control analysis was used to identify the most consistent association. In the elderly, all pollutants except O3 were significantly associated with five categories of cardiovascular disease admissions. No associations were found for arrhythmia and stroke. For a 0.9-ppm increase in CO, there were significant increases in elderly hospital admissions for total cardiovascular disease (2.2%) , all cardiac disease (2.8%), cardiac failure (6.0%), ischemic heart disease (2.3%), and myocardial infarction (2.9%). There was some heterogeneity between cities, possibly due to differences in humidity and the percentage of elderly people. In matched analyses, CO had the most consistent association. The results suggest that air pollution arising from common emission sources for CO, NO2, and PM (e.g., motor vehicle exhausts) has significant associations with adult cardiovascular hospital admissions, especially in the elderly, at air pollution concentrations below normal health guidelines. Relevance to clinical and professional practice: Elderly populations in Australia need to be protected from air pollution arising from outdoor sources to reduce cardiovascular disease.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-05-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S40337-023-00801-3
Abstract: Eating disorders (ED), especially Anorexia Nervosa (AN), are internationally reported to have amongst the highest mortality and suicide rates in mental health. With limited evidence for current pharmacological and/or psychological treatments, there is a grave responsibility within health research to better understand outcomes for people with a lived experience of ED, factors and interventions that may reduce the detrimental impact of illness and to optimise recovery. This paper aims to synthesise the literature on outcomes for people with ED, including rates of remission, recovery and relapse, diagnostic crossover, and mortality. This paper forms part of a Rapid Review series scoping the evidence for the field of ED, conducted to inform the Australian National Eating Disorders Research and Translation Strategy 2021–2031, funded and released by the Australian Government. ScienceDirect, PubMed and Ovid/MEDLINE were searched for studies published between 2009 and 2022 in English. High-level evidence such as meta-analyses, large population studies and Randomised Controlled Trials were prioritised through purposive s ling. Data from selected studies relating to outcomes for people with ED were synthesised and are disseminated in the current review. Of the over 1320 studies included in the Rapid Review, the proportion of articles focused on outcomes in ED was relatively small, under 9%. Most evidence was focused on the diagnostic categories of AN, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder, with limited outcome studies in other ED diagnostic groups. Factors such as age at presentation, gender, quality of life, the presence of co-occurring psychiatric and/or medical conditions, engagement in treatment and access to relapse prevention programs were associated with outcomes across diagnoses, including mortality rates. Results are difficult to interpret due to inconsistent study definitions of remission, recovery and relapse, lack of longer-term follow-up and the potential for diagnostic crossover. Overall, there is evidence of low rates of remission and high risk of mortality, despite evidence-based treatments, especially for AN. It is strongly recommended that research in long-term outcomes, and the factors that influence better outcomes, using more consistent variables and methodologies, is prioritised for people with ED.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-09-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1997
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-11-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVRES.2006.06.010
Abstract: There is mounting evidence that maternal exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes. We examined birth weight and small for gestational age (SGA <10th percentile for age and gender) among 26,617 singleton full-term births in Brisbane, Australia (July 2000-June 2003), in relation to ambient pollution during pregnancy. We also examined head circumference (HC) and crown-heel length (CHL) among a sub-s le (n=21,432) of the term neonates. Maternal exposure to PM(10), visibility reducing particles (bsp), O(3) and NO(2) was assessed by calculating average exposure estimates over months and trimesters of pregnancy based on a citywide average of the pollutants. Linear and logistic regression models were employed to examine the effect of these pollutants on the birth outcomes after adjusting for potential confounders and season of birth. The regression coefficients were based on an inter-quartile range (IQR) increase in exposure as well as quartiles of exposure with the lowest used as a reference category. Trimester- and monthly specific exposures to all pollutants were not significantly associated with a reduction in either birth weight or HC, or an increased risk of SGA. An IQR increase in NO(2) during the third trimester was associated with a reduction in CHL (beta=-0.15cm, 95% CI -0.25 to -0.05cm) and this was concentrated around exposure during month nine. No other pollutants were associated with a reduction in CHL. In conclusion, there was no strong evidence suggesting that ambient air pollution during pregnancy is associated with sub-optimal fetal growth in Brisbane.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2016.10.072
Abstract: Maturation ponds are a type of waste stabilisation pond (WSP) designed to reduce carbon, nutrients and pathogens in the final stages of a WSP wastewater treatment system. In this study, a one-dimensional plug-flow pond model is proposed to predict temperature and E. coli concentration distributions and overall pond disinfection performance. The model accounts for the effects of vertical mixing and ultraviolet light-dependent die-off rate kinetics. Measurements of radiation, wind-speed, humidity and air temperature are recorded for model inputs and good agreement with measured vertical temperature distributions and outlet E. coli concentrations is found in an operational, subtropical maturation pond. Measurements and the model both show a diurnal pattern of stratification during daylight hours and natural convective mixing at night on days corresponding to low wind speeds, strong heat input from solar radiation and clear night skies. In the evenings, the thermal stratification is shown to collapse due to surface energy loss via longwave radiation which triggers top-down natural convective mixing. The disinfection model is found to be sensitive to the choice of die-off kinetics. The diurnal mixing pattern is found to play a vital role in the disinfection process by ensuring that pathogens are regularly transported to the near-surface layer where ultraviolet light penetration is effective. The model proposed in this paper offers clear advantages to pond designers by including geographical specific, time-varying boundary conditions and accounting for the important physical aspects of vertical mixing and sunlight inactivation processes, yet is computationally straightforward.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2014.05.002
Abstract: In spite of the clear need to address water security through sourcing new and alternative water supplies, there has been marked resistance from some communities to the introduction of recycled water for potable use. The present studies tested the effectiveness of providing relatively brief information about the recycled water process and the safety of recycled water on cognitive, emotional and behavioral responses. Three information conditions (basic information or basic information plus information about pollutants in the water, or information that puts the risk of chemicals in the water in perspective) were compared to a no information control condition. Across three experiments there was general support for the hypothesis that providing information would result in more positive cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to recycled water. Information increased comfort with potable recycled water and, in general, participants in the information conditions expressed more positive emotions (Experiment 1 & 3), less negative emotions (Experiment 3), more support (Experiment 1 & 3), and lower risk perceptions (Experiment 1 & 3) than those in the no information control condition. Participants who received information also drank more recycled water than control participants (Experiment 1 & 2, although the differences between conditions was not statistically significant) and were significantly more likely to vote in favor of the introduction of a recycled water scheme (Experiment 3). There was evidence, however, that providing information about the level of pollutants in recycled water may lead to ambivalent responses.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-10-2017
DOI: 10.1111/RISA.12682
Abstract: For dose-response analysis in quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA), the exact beta-Poisson model is a two-parameter mechanistic dose-response model with parameters α>0 and β>0, which involves the Kummer confluent hypergeometric function. Evaluation of a hypergeometric function is a computational challenge. Denoting PI(d) as the probability of infection at a given mean dose d, the widely used dose-response model PI(d)=1-(1+dβ)-α is an approximate formula for the exact beta-Poisson model. Notwithstanding the required conditions α< >1, issues related to the validity and approximation accuracy of this approximate formula have remained largely ignored in practice, partly because these conditions are too general to provide clear guidance. Consequently, this study proposes a probability measure Pr(0 < r (22α̂)0.50 for 0.02<α̂<2 as a rule of thumb to ensure an accurate approximation (e.g., Pr(0 < r 0.99) . This validity measure and rule of thumb were validated by application to all the completed beta-Poisson models (related to 85 data sets) from the QMRA community portal (QMRA Wiki). The results showed that the higher the probability Pr(0 < r < 1 | α̂, β̂), the better the approximation. The results further showed that, among the total 85 models examined, 68 models were identified as valid approximate model applications, which all had a near perfect match to the corresponding exact beta-Poisson model dose-response curve.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-02-2016
DOI: 10.1111/RISA.12561
Abstract: Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) is widely accepted for characterizing the microbial risks associated with food, water, and wastewater. Single-hit dose-response models are the most commonly used dose-response models in QMRA. Denoting PI(d) as the probability of infection at a given mean dose d, a three-parameter generalized QMRA beta-Poisson dose-response model, PI(d|α,β,r*), is proposed in which the minimum number of organisms required for causing infection, K
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-3001
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-01-2023
Abstract: Hospitals’ operational performance during disasters varies from failing, to being responsive and resilient, to dealing with disruption and surprise. Transformational leaders enable continuously learning hospitals that are resilient in the face of disasters by adapting regeneratively and evolving beyond undertaking conventional lesson-learning after each disaster. However, learning from successful transformational leaders in healthcare is still ad hoc with a lack of guidance on how to develop such leaders. Hence, this study sought to identify key competencies of transformational leaders by exploring hospital leaders’ actions in dealing with disasters, considering the disaster cycle of prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery (PPRR). A qualitative case-study design was adopted comprising in-depth semi-structured interviews with twelve senior hospital staff with operational leadership experience with disasters. Three significant categories (themes) and seven key component competencies (sub-themes, in brackets) of transformational leaders were revealed through the analysis of transcripts: (1) ‘Governance and leadership’ (‘transformative agency’ and ‘decisive accountability’) (2) ‘Planning and risk assessment’ (‘risk navigation’, ‘disaster attunement’, and ‘planning agility’) and (3) ‘Communication and network engagement’ (‘communication accelerator’ and ‘collaboration innovator’). The authors propose a transformational leadership model for hospital disaster resilience and an assessment checklist for leaders’ self-reflection to support hospitals in their transition to resilient operations.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-08-2017
Abstract: IntroductionThe paramedic work setting in Australia presents challenges for applying recommended infection prevention and control (IPC) practices. Our study had two aims: to describe the guidance provided across a range of documents used by Australian ambulance services and to explore the views of health experts regarding the adequacy of guidance on IPC practices for Australian paramedics.MethodsContent analysis was used to evaluate the degree of alignment between IPC operating procedures from four state ambulance services and the IPC guidelines issued by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) in 2010. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore perspectives of 14 experts about IPC practices among paramedics and IPC guidance provided to them. ResultsWhile the ambulance operating procedures aligned well with the NHMRC IPC guidelines, we identified differences in the nature of advice provided that could lead to differing practices by paramedics across Australia. Experts identified several domains of IPC practices by paramedics that would benefit from closer scrutiny and/or more specific guidance, including hand and environmental hygiene, governance and surveillance, environmental challenges, vehicle design, cultural barriers and communication with state health regulators. ConclusionOur study has further highlighted unique challenges faced by paramedics in adhering to recommended IPC practices while providing healthcare in the mobile primary emergency environment. Two recommendations arise from our research. First, there is a need to adapt the current national risk-based framework for IPC in Australia to paramedicine. Second, that targeted research into staff compliance is required to identify the key barriers and enablers to the uptake of IPC practices in paramedicine.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-07-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2015.08.001
Abstract: There is a widespread need for the use of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to determine reclaimed water quality for specific uses, however neither faecal indicator levels nor pathogen concentrations alone are adequate for assessing exposure health risk. The aim of this study was to build a conceptual model representing factors contributing to the microbiological health risks of reusing water treated in maturation ponds. This paper describes the development of an unparameterised model that provides a visual representation of theoretical constructs and variables of interest. Information was collected from the peer-reviewed literature and through consultation with experts from regulatory authorities and academic disciplines. In this paper we explore how, considering microbial risk as a modular system, following the QMRA framework enables incorporation of the many factors influencing human exposure and dose response, to better characterise likely human health impacts. By using and expanding upon the QMRA framework we deliver new insights into this important field of environmental exposures. We present a conceptual model of health risk of microbial exposure which can be used for maturation ponds and, more importantly, as a generic tool to assess health risk in erse wastewater reuse scenarios.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-03-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-023-28544-W
Abstract: The effects of ‘nature’ on mental health and subjective well-being have yet to be consistently integrated into ecosystem service models and frameworks. To address this gap, we used data on subjective mental well-being from an 18-country survey to test a conceptual model integrating mental health with ecosystem services, initially proposed by Bratman et al. We analysed a range of in idual and contextual factors in the context of 14,998 recreational visits to blue spaces, outdoor environments which prominently feature water. Consistent with the conceptual model, subjective mental well-being outcomes were dependent upon on a complex interplay of environmental type and quality, visit characteristics, and in idual factors. These results have implications for public health and environmental management, as they may help identify the bluespace locations, environmental features, and key activities, that are most likely to impact well-being, but also potentially affect recreational demand on fragile aquatic ecosystems.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2016.03.042
Abstract: Despite dramatic improvements in water treatment technologies in developed countries, waterborne viruses are still associated with many of cases of illness each year. These illnesses include gastroenteritis, meningitis, encephalitis, and respiratory infections. Importantly, outbreaks of viral disease from waters deemed compliant from bacterial indicator testing still occur, which highlights the need to monitor the virological quality of water. Human adenoviruses are often used as a viral indicator of water quality (faecal contamination), as this pathogen has high UV-resistance and is prevalent in untreated domestic wastewater all year round, unlike enteroviruses and noroviruses that are often only detected in certain seasons. Standard methods for recovering and measuring adenovirus numbers in water are lacking, and there are many variations in published methods. Since viral numbers are likely under-estimated when optimal methods are not used, a comprehensive review of these methods is both timely and important. This review critically evaluates how estimates of adenovirus numbers in water are impacted by technical manipulations, such as during adenovirus concentration and detection (including culturing and polymerase-chain reaction). An understanding of the implications of these issues is fundamental to obtaining reliable estimation of adenovirus numbers in water. Reliable estimation of HAdV numbers is critical to enable improved monitoring of the efficacy of water treatment processes, accurate quantitative microbial risk assessment, and to ensure microbiological safety of water.
Publisher: figshare
Date: 2019
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2015
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 12-2002
DOI: 10.5694/J.1326-5377.2002.TB04982.X
Abstract: Urban air pollution levels are associated with increased mortality and cardiorespiratory morbidity. These health effects occur even at exposure levels below those stipulated in current air-quality guidelines, and it is unclear whether a safe threshold exists. Air pollution in Australia and New Zealand comes primarily from motor vehicle emissions, electricity generation from fossil fuels, heavy industry, and home heating using wood and coal. In in idual patients a direct link between symptoms and air pollution exposure may be difficult to establish and may not change their clinical management. However, avoiding exposure during periods of peak pollution may be beneficial. Although there is some evidence that urban air pollution in Australia and New Zealand has been decreasing (through reduced car use, improved emission-control technology and use of more energy-efficient devices in the household and in industry), pollution levels are still unsatisfactory. Further reductions may prevent hundreds of cardiorespiratory hospital admissions and deaths each year.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-1997
Abstract: The main aim of the present project is to study the feasibility of using different trophic organisms for evaluating the toxicity of dredged sediments arising in Hong Kong. A total of eight sediment s les (duplicate s les collected from four selected sites: Kowloon Bay, Tsing Yi,Chek Lap Kok, and Double Haven) of Hong Kong coastal waters were analyzed for the total concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, total organic carbon, acid volatile sulfides, simultaneously extracted metals, redox potential, and 12 organic micropollutants. The sediment elutriates were also analysed for the various metal concentrations, as well as contents of ammonia-N, nitrate, total sulfide, sulfate, and total organic carbon. Elutriate Sediment Toxicity Tests (ESTT) were also conducted, using two microalgae (Skeletonema costatum, a diatom and Dunaliella tertiolecta, a flagellate), juvenile shrimp (Metapenaeus ensis) and juvenile fish (Trachinotus obtaus). Two commercially available tests using bacteria (Microtox Test and Toxi-Chromotest) also were employed to test both the solid phase and elutriates of the sediments. The results of Microtox test on the solid phase, and bioassay tests using diatom on the sediment elutriate, especially the former, were correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with a number of physico-chemical properties of sediments and elutriates. It is recommended that a combination of a liquid-phase bioassay using diatom and a solid-phase bioassay using Microtox test should be used for screening a large number of sediment s les. However, the presence of ammonia in the sediments containing a high content of organic matter seemed to interfere the detection of contamination impacts.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-11-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2015.03.013
Abstract: Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) is the current method of choice for determining the risk to human health from exposure to microorganisms of concern. However, current approaches are often constrained by the availability of required data, and may not be able to incorporate the many varied factors that influence this risk. Systems models, based on Bayesian networks (BNs), are emerging as an effective complementary approach that overcomes these limitations. This article aims to provide a comparative evaluation of the capabilities and challenges of current QMRA methods and BN models, and a scoping review of recent published articles that adopt the latter for microbial risk assessment. Pros and cons of systems approaches in this context are distilled and discussed. A search of the peer-reviewed literature revealed 15 articles describing BNs used in the context of QMRAs for foodborne and waterborne pathogens. These studies were analysed in terms of their application, uses and benefits in QMRA. The applications were notable in their ersity. BNs were used to make predictions, for scenario assessment, risk minimisation, to reduce uncertainty and to separate uncertainty and variability. Most studies focused on a segment of the exposure pathway, indicating the broad potential for the method in other QMRA steps. BNs offer a number of useful features to enhance QMRA, including transparency, and the ability to deal with poor quality data and support causal reasoning. The method has significant untapped potential to describe the complex relationships between microbial environmental exposures and health.
Publisher: American Thoracic Society
Date: 06-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2006
DOI: 10.1197/J.JHT.2006.04.001
Abstract: Current upper limb regional self-report outcome measures are criticized for poor clinical utility, including length, ease, and time to complete and score, missing responses, and poor psychometric properties. To address these concerns a new measure, the Upper Limb Functional Index (ULFI), was developed with reliability, validity, and responsiveness being determined in a prospective study. Patients from nine Australian outpatient settings completed the ULFI and two established scales, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) (n=214) and the Upper Extremity Functional Scale (UEFS) (n=64) concurrently to enable construct and criterion validity to be assessed. Two subgroups were used to assess test-retest reliability at 48-hour intervals (n=46) and responsiveness through distribution-based methods (n=29). Internal consistency, change scores, and missing responses were calculated. Practical characteristics of the scale were assessed. The ULFI correlated with the DASH (r=0.85 95% CI) and UEFS (r=0.78 95% confidence interval [CI]), demonstrated test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.96 95% CI) and internal consistency (Cronbach alpha=0.89). The change scores of the ULFI with standard error of the measurement was 4.5% or 1.13 ULFI-points and minimal detectable change at the 90% CI was 10.4% or 2.6 ULFI-points. Responsiveness indices were standardized response mean at 1.87 and effect size at 1.28. The ULFI demonstrated an impairment range of 0-100%, with no missing responses and a combined patient completion and therapist scoring time of less than 3 minutes. The ULFI demonstrated sound psychometric properties, practical characteristics, and clinical utility thereby making it a viable clinical outcome tool for the determination of upper limb status and impairment. The ULFI is suggested as the preferred upper limb regional tool due to its superior practical characteristics and clinical utility, and comparable psychometric properties without a tendency toward item redundancy.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2000
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-11-2018
Abstract: Fostering nature connection may promote psychological well-being and enhance proenvironmental attitudes. However, there is limited understanding of what factors influence a person’s nature connection. Using survey responses from 1,000 residents of a large Australian city, we describe the relationship between nature connection and nature experiences at different stages in life, that is, past nature experiences that occurred during childhood, and current, everyday nature experiences. Both past childhood nature experiences and duration of current nature experiences significantly predicted nature connection. The positive relationship between duration of current nature experiences and nature connection was not significantly moderated by past childhood nature experiences. Hence, current nature experiences are associated with high levels of nature connection, even among those lacking childhood nature experiences. This research empirically demonstrates the positive relationship between nature connection and nature experiences, and suggests that it may be equally important to promote nature experiences at any life stage if increasing nature connection is the goal.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-02-2023
DOI: 10.3390/SU15054259
Abstract: Young people are stepping forward and engaging in or leading programs promoting climate action and sustainability. To optimize program outcomes, it is important to understand the nature of these programs, as well as their successes and enablers. Consequently, a scoping review was conducted across six databases, Taylor and Francis, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Sage and Wiley, to examine existing programs that promote climate change action amongst young people aged 12 to 25 years. The review sought to determine what is known about these programs and their outcomes by documenting what elements contribute to successful behavior changes in young people. Forty-eight articles were included in the review, with almost half of the studies from the United States. Eight elements recurred throughout the reviewed journal articles including intersecting external and internal factors contributing to reported behavior change. External factors included the social environment, place, knowledge, leadership and goal setting development that fostered internal factors that included, self-efficacy, identity, agency and action competence, and systems thinking. Learning from these programs to improve design and ensure sustainable outcomes is key to improving the capabilities of young people to continue responding to the climate challenge.
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1891/1058-1243.21.1.18
Abstract: Assisted conception is becoming an increasingly more common treatment option for women and couples who experience fertility problems. Links have been made in the literature between assisted conception and a greater incidence of pregnancy or birth complications, low birth weight or premature babies, and babies with congenital abnormalities. In addition, evidence suggests that the experience of assisted conception may influence the development of early mothering relationships and impact parenting adjustment. Although this commentary article does not strategically review all available literature, it provides an overview of the health issues that women and families undergoing assisted conception have experienced or may experience. Through raising awareness and promoting discussion of these issues, practitioners will be better equipped to provide informed education and support.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2015.10.030
Abstract: Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA), the current method of choice for evaluating human health risks associated with disease-causing microorganisms, is often constrained by issues such as availability of required data, and inability to incorporate the multitude of factors influencing risk. Bayesian networks (BNs), with their ability to handle data paucity, combine quantitative and qualitative information including expert opinions, and ability to offer a systems approach to characterisation of complexity, are increasingly recognised as a powerful, flexible tool that overcomes these limitations. We present a QMRA expressed as a Bayesian network (BN) in a wastewater reuse context, with the objective of demonstrating the utility of the BN method in health risk assessments, particularly for evaluating a range of exposure and risk mitigation scenarios. As a case study, we examine the risk of norovirus infection associated with wastewater-irrigated lettuce. A Bayesian network was developed following a QMRA approach, using published data, and reviewed by domain experts using a participatory process. Employment of a BN facilitated rapid scenario evaluations, risk minimisation, and predictive comparisons. The BN supported exploration of conditions required for optimal outcomes, as well as investigation of the effect on the reporting nodes of changes in 'upstream' conditions. A significant finding was the indication that if maximum post-treatment risk mitigation measures were implemented, there was a high probability (0.84) of a low risk of infection regardless of fluctuations in other variables, including norovirus concentration in treated wastewater. BNs are useful in situations where insufficient empirical data exist to satisfy QMRA requirements and they are exceptionally suited to the integration of risk assessment and risk management in the QMRA context. They allow a comprehensive visual appraisal of major influences in exposure pathways, and rapid interactive risk assessment in multifaceted water reuse scenarios.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1995
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-02-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S40337-023-00738-7
Abstract: Understanding of the epidemiology and health burden of eating disorders has progressed significantly in the last 2 decades. It was considered one of seven key areas to inform the Australian Government commissioned National Eating Disorder Research and Translation Strategy 2021–2031, as emerging research had highlighted a rise in eating disorder prevalence and worsening burden-of-illness. The aim of this review was to better understand the global epidemiology and impact of eating disorders to inform policy decision-making. Using a systematic Rapid Review methodology, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Medline (Ovid) were searched for peer-reviewed studies published between 2009 and 2021. Clear inclusion criteria were developed in consultation with experts in the field. Purposive s ling of literature was conducted, which predominately focused on higher-level evidence (meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and large epidemiological studies), synthesised, and narratively analysed. 135 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review (N = 1324). Prevalence estimates varied. Global Lifetime prevalence of any eating disorder ranged from 0.74 to 2.2% in males, and 2.58–8.4% in females. Australian 3-month point-prevalence of broadly defined disorders was around 16% in females. Eating disorders appeared more prevalent in young people and adolescents, particularly females (in Australia: eating disorders ~ 22.2% disordered eating ~ 25.7%). Limited evidence was found on sex, sexuality and gender erse (LGBTQI +) in iduals, particularly males, who had a six-fold increase in prevalence compared to the general male population, with increased illness impact. Similarly, limited evidence on First Australian’s (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander) suggests prevalence rates similar to non-Indigenous Australians. No prevalence studies were identified specifically assessing culturally and linguistically erse populations. Global disease burden of any eating disorder was 43.4 age-standardised disability-adjusted-life-years per 100,000 increasing by 9.4% between 2007 and 2017. Australian’s total economic cost was estimated at $84 billion from years-of-life lost due to disability and death, and annual lost earnings ~ $1.646 billion.” There is no doubt that eating disorder prevalence and impact are on the rise, particularly in at-risk and understudied populations. Much of the evidence came from female-only s les, and Western, high-income countries which more readily have access to specialised services. Future research should examine more representative s les. There is an urgent need for more refined epidemiological methods to better understand these complex illnesses over time, to guide health policy and development-of-care.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-07-2010
Publisher: Macrothink Institute, Inc.
Date: 13-11-2016
Abstract: A course in epidemiology and biostatistics, taken by students in health promotion and other public health disciplines, is evaluated and assessed in light of a recent university directive to incorporate blended learning, and the projected increase of online students into the course. A formal curriculum evaluation was informed by qualitative data from academic staff teaching into the course and students enrolled in the course. Five areas of challenge are identified: the volume of content the authenticity of content the course scheduling the disconnection between the two course components and the authenticity of the assessment. Some potential solutions have been identified, and the use of a virtual human population proposed as an avenue for introducing these solutions in a blended learning context. The process of conducting a formal curriculum evaluation in the context of introducing blended learning may prove useful in higher education courses looking to introduce blended learning, especially in disciplines that require students to interact with people.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/HE08210
Abstract: Walking for transport can contribute significantly to health-enhancing physical activity. We examined the associations of stages of motivational readiness for active transport with perceived barriers and incentives to walking to and from university among students. Mail-back surveys were completed by 781 students in a regional university in south-east Queensland. They identified one of eight options on motivational readiness for active commuting, which were then classified as: pre-contemplation contemplation-preparation or, action-maintenance. Open-ended questions were used to identify relevant barriers and incentives. Logistic regressions were used to examine the barriers and incentives that distinguished between those at different stages of motivational readiness. Barriers most frequently reported were long travel distances, inconvenience and time constraints. Incentives most frequently reported were shorter travel distance, having more time, supportive infrastructure and better security. Those not considering active commuting (pre-contemplation) were significantly more likely to report shorter travel distance as an incentive compared to those in contemplation-preparation. Those in contemplation-preparation were significantly more likely to report lack of motivation, inadequate infrastructure, shorter travel distance and inconvenience as barriers and, having more time, supportive infrastructure, social support and incentive programs as encouragement. Different barriers and incentives to walking to or from university exist for students in the different stages of motivational readiness for active commuting. Interventions targeted specifically to stage of motivational readiness may be potentially helpful in increasing activity levels, through active transport.
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1029/2019WR025736
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1997
DOI: 10.1016/S0920-9964(97)00033-9
Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate fear levels, treatment compliance, and metabolic control of type II Diabetes Mellitus patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study employed a single-center, observational design and was conducted between January and April 2021. The study consisted of 303 patients who attended the internal medicine outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Turkey. For data collection, the Patient Identification Form, COVID-19 Fear Scale, and the Type II Diabetes Treatment Compliance Scale were used. The study complied with the Helsinki Declaration criteria. IBM SPSS v25.0 statistics package program was used for data analysis. The mean age of the patients was 45.8 ± 7.5 years, the mean duration of illness was 8.2 ± 3.6 years. Moreover, 40.6% of patients presented with poor levels of treatment compliance. In addition, the mean FCV-19S score of the patients was 29.1 ± 3.05. It was noticeable that those with high mean scores of FCV-19S had poor compliance with treatment and metabolic control during the pandemic (p 0.05). Fear of COVID-19 negatively affects treatment compliance and metabolic control of type II diabetes patients. The patients avoided attending their regular follow-ups at the hospital due to fear of contracting COVID-19. In order to reduce the fear of COVID-19 it is paramount to maintain optimum metabolic control and treatment compliance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.AJIC.2017.11.007
Abstract: This study explored the self-reported behaviors and perceptions of Australian paramedics in relation to their environmental hygiene practices. A national online survey was conducted with Paramedics Australasia members (N = 417). Participants reported working in ambulances often contaminated with body fluids. Widespread noncompliance with routine and deep cleaning of ambulances, and misunderstandings about environmental hygiene practices were apparent. Improvements to environmental hygiene practices of Australian paramedics are recommended to avoid pathogen transmission and ensure patient safety.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.AJIC.2017.02.020
Abstract: Noncompliance with recommended hand hygiene and gloving practices by workers in the emergency medical services may contribute to the transmission of health care-associated infections and lead to poor patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore the self-reported behaviors and perceptions of Australian paramedics in relation to their hand hygiene and gloving practices in paramedic-led health care. A national online survey (n = 417 17% response rate) and 2 semistructured focus groups (6 per group) were conducted with members of Paramedics Australasia. Although most of the study participants perceived hand hygiene and gloving to be important, the findings suggest poor compliance with both practices, particularly during emergency cases. All participants reported wearing gloves throughout a clinical case, changing them either at the completion of patient care or when visibly soiled or broken. Hand hygiene was missed at defined moments during patient care, possibly from the misuse of gloves. Paramedic hand hygiene and gloving practices require substantial improvement to lower potential transmission of pathogens and improve patient safety and clinical care. Further research is recommended to explore how to alleviate the barriers to performing in-field hand hygiene and the misuse of gloves during paramedic-led health care.
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 28-12-2018
Abstract: A decision support tool was created to estimate the treatment efficiency of an Australian drinking water treatment system based on different combinations of extreme weather events and long-term changes. To deal with uncertainties, missing data, and nonlinear behaviours, a Bayesian network (BN) was coupled with a system dynamics (SD) model. The preliminary conceptual structures of these models were developed through stakeholders' consultation. The BN model could rank extreme events, and combinations of them, based on the severity of their impact on health-related water quality. The SD model, in turn, was used to run a long-term estimation of extreme events' impacts by including temporal factors such as increased water demand and customer feedback. The integration of the two models was performed through a combined Monte Carlo–fuzzy logic approach which allowed to take the BN's outputs as inputs for the SD model. The final product is a participatory, multidisciplinary decision support system allowing for robust, sustainable long-term water resources management under uncertain conditions for a specific location.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-04-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1994
Start Date: 2020
End Date: 2021
Funder: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australian Government
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2018
End Date: 2019
Funder: Queensland Health
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2012
End Date: 2014
Funder: Queensland Government
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2018
End Date: 2021
Funder: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2015
End Date: 2017
Funder: Griffith University
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2018
End Date: 2019
Funder: Australian Pork Limited
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2013
End Date: 2014
Funder: University of the Sunshine Coast
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2007
End Date: 2007
Funder: Wesley Research Institute
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2008
End Date: 2010
Funder: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2017
End Date: 2018
Funder: University of Queensland
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2014
End Date: 2015
Funder: Water Research Australia
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2015
End Date: 2017
Funder: Water Research Australia
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2010
End Date: 2012
Funder: National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2012
End Date: 2015
Funder: Australian Water Recycling Centre of Excellence
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2017
End Date: 2018
Funder: Water Research Australia
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 07-2022
End Date: 07-2026
Amount: $2,062,428.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity