ORCID Profile
0000-0003-0506-0902
Current Organisations
University of Manchester
,
Macquarie University
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 10-07-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.07.07.22277393
Abstract: Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) is considered a long-term, neurodegenerative consequence of repetitive head injury (RHI). This cohort study aimed to characterise the episodic memory profiles (specifically, immediate and delayed memory) of in iduals with RHI history through neuropsychological assessment. Hypotheses included participants demonstrating reduced episodic memory functioning, and greater reductions in functioning observed with greater years of RHI exposure. Neuropsychological assessment was conducted on 34 adults with ≥10 years of RHI exposure as a cohort study. Main outcome measures were auditory memory indices (AMI), immediate memory indices (AII), and auditory delayed memory indices (ADI). Other potential predictors of outcome variables (in addition to years of exposure duration) were also measured and factored into analysis so that they could be controlled for. AMI [ t (33) = -2.4, p = .020), AII ( t = -2.7, p = .012), and ADI ( t = -2.7, p = .44) were all significantly below normative levels. AMI [ t (33) = 4.1, p .001), AII ( t = 4.3, p .001), and ADI ( t = 3.7, p .001) were also significantly below participants’ measured premorbid functioning. None of the comorbidities that were considered as possible confounding variables predicted the relationship of any outcome variables. Previous research (1) indicated that immediate episodic memory (i.e., encoding) impairments do not appear to be associated with RHI, and our study provides evidence to the contrary. However, further research is required on larger s le sizes to further understand the relationship between RHI and encoding deficits in this complex population. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) identified at autopsy, has been loosely associated with a history of repetitive head injury (RHI) sustained in life, yet factors that account for symptoms such as defined in life as Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome (TES) which can include abnormal cognitive function, behavioural dysregulation and mood disturbances in this patient cohort are yet to be comprehensively investigated. This research is beneficial to the scientific community mainly because it contributes to the pre-existing body of literature on the neuropsychological profile of RHI. Previous research (1) has indicated that immediate episodic memory (i.e., encoding) impairments do not appear to be associated with RHI, and our study provides evidence to the contrary. This research represents progress towards further discerning a neuropsychological profile of TES, thereby potentially aiding a better clinical diagnostic presentation of the disease, which can build on potential earlier diagnosis, prevention strategies and treatment pathways.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 22-07-2016
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 05-05-2017
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2017-097603
Abstract: To determine the injury incidence rate and injury pattern among youth karate athletes competing in national tournaments in Slovakia, and to identify risk factors for injury. Data were collected at nine national youth karate tournaments in Slovakia in 2015 and 2016. Injury incidence rates were calculated per 1000 athlete-exposures (IIR The overall IIR Youth karate has a relatively large proportion of head injuries. Adolescent and female youth karate athletes are at higher risk of injury compared with their child and male counterparts.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-03-2017
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-07-2023
DOI: 10.1136/ARCHDISCHILD-2023-325769
Abstract: This study aimed to compare academic performance and high school completion of young people hospitalised for a burn compared with young people not hospitalised for an injury. A retrospective population-based matched case-comparison cohort study. Young people aged ≤18 years hospitalised for a burn during 2005–2018 in New South Wales, Australia, with age, sex and residential postcode-matched peers not hospitalised for any injury during 1 July 2001 and 31 December 2018. Performance below the national minimum standard (NMS) on the National Assessment Plan for Literacy and Numeracy assessments and not completing high school. Young females hospitalised for a burn had a 72% higher risk of poorer reading compared with their peers (adjusted relative risk (ARR) 1.72 95% CI 1.33 to 2.23), while young males hospitalised with a burn showed no higher risk (ARR 1.14 95% CI 0.91 to 1.43). Young males (ARR 1.05 95% CI 0.81 to 1.35) and females (ARR 1.34 95% CI 0.93 to 1.94) hospitalised with a burn had no higher risk of not reaching the NMS for numeracy compared with peers. Young people hospitalised with a burn had at least twice the risk of not completing year 10 (ARR 3.86 95% CI 1.68 to 8.86), year 11 (ARR 2.45 95% CI 1.89 to 3.18) and year 12 (ARR 2.09 95% CI 1.63 to 2.67) compared with matched counterparts. Young females hospitalised with a burn displayed poorer academic performance for reading compared with matched peers, while males and females were more likely to leave school earlier. Identifying unmet learning support needs of young burn survivors should be investigated.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 07-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-10-2021
DOI: 10.1111/CEA.14022
Abstract: There is inconclusive evidence of the effect of asthma on the academic performance of young people. This study aims to compare scholastic performance and high school completion of young people hospitalized with asthma compared to matched peers not hospitalized with asthma. A population‐based matched case‐comparison cohort study of young people aged ≤18 years hospitalized for asthma during 2005–2018 in New South Wales, Australia using linked birth, health, education and mortality records. The comparison cohort was matched on age, gender and residential postcode. Generalized linear mixed‐modelling examined risk of school performance below the national minimum standard (NMS) and generalized linear regression examined risk of not completing high school for young people hospitalized with asthma compared to matched peers. Young males hospitalized with asthma had a 13% and 15% higher risk of not achieving the NMS for numeracy (95%CI 1.04–1.22) and reading (95%CI 1.07–1.23), respectively, compared to peers. Young males hospitalized with asthma had a 51% (95%CI 1.22–1.86) higher risk of not completing year 10, and around a 20% higher risk of not completing year 11 (ARR: 1.25 95%CI 1.15–1.36) or year 12 (ARR: 1.27 95%CI 1.17–1.39) compared to peers. Young females hospitalized with asthma showed no difference in achieving numeracy or reading NMSs, but did have a 21% higher risk of not completing year 11 (95%CI 1.09–1.36) and a 33% higher risk of not completing year 12 (95%CI 1.19–1.49) compared to peers. Educational attainment is worse for young people hospitalized with asthma compared to matched peers. Early intervention and strategies for better management of asthma symptoms may enhance academic performance for students.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 05-2023
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2022-067526
Abstract: To describe if there has been a change in the reporting of adverse events associated with spinal manipulation in randomised clinical trials (RCTs) since 2016. A systematic literature review. Databases were searched from March 2016 to May 2022: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, CINAHL, ICL, PEDro and Cochrane Library. The following search terms and their derivatives were adapted for each platform: spinal manipulation chiropractic osteopathy physiotherapy naprapathy medical manipulation and clinical trial. Domains of interest (pertaining to adverse events) included: completeness and location of reporting nomenclature and description spinal location and practitioner delivering manipulation methodological quality of the studies and details of the publishing journal. Frequencies and proportions of studies reporting on each of these domains were calculated. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to examine the effect of potential predictors on the likelihood of studies reporting on adverse events. There were 5399 records identified by the electronic searches, of which 154 (2.9%) were included in the analysis. Of these, 94 (61.0%) reported on adverse events with only 23.4% providing an explicit description of what constituted an adverse event. Reporting of adverse events in the abstract has increased (n=29, 30.9%) while reporting in the results section has decreased (n=83, 88.3%) over the past 6 years. Spinal manipulation was delivered to 7518 participants in the included studies. No serious adverse events were reported in any of these studies. While the current level of reporting of adverse events associated with spinal manipulation in RCTs has increased since our 2016 publication on the same topic, the level remains low and inconsistent with established standards. As such, it is imperative for authors, journal editors and administrators of clinical trial registries to ensure there is more balanced reporting of both benefits and harms in RCTs involving spinal manipulation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-03-2013
DOI: 10.1002/ASE.1358
Abstract: In 2011, Macquarie University moved to a three-session academic year which included two 13-week sessions (traditional mode) and one seven-week session (intensive mode). This study was designed to compare the intensive and traditional modes of delivery in a unit of undergraduate neuroanatomy. The new intensive mode neuroanatomy unit provided the same quantity and quality of material to the same standard, delivered by the same teachers and over the same total hours, but in a shorter timeframe. All students enrolled in session 2 (traditional mode) and session 3 (intensive mode) were invited to participate in this study. The main outcome measures were the final course grades and level of satisfaction with the course. Although there was no significant difference between the two cohorts in self-rated level of knowledge (P = 0.148), the traditional mode cohort achieved significantly higher final grades compared to the intensive mode cohort (P = 0.001). Similarly, the distribution of final grades was also different between the two cohorts. The two cohorts were equally satisfied with the unit overall, and with the lectures and tutorials. However, the intensive mode cohort was more satisfied with the laboratory practical classes compared to the traditional mode cohort (P < 0.001). Thus this study demonstrates that in the case of neuroanatomy, which is high in content, when the course is taught to the same standards as exist in the traditional mode of delivery, the students do not do as well even though they enjoy the course equally.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Publisher: Brighthall
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.7899/JCE-13-25
Abstract: The aims of our study were to measure the learning style preferences of chiropractic students and to assess whether they differ across the 5 years of chiropractic study. A total of 407 (41.4% females) full-degree, undergraduate, and postgraduate students enrolled in an Australian chiropractic program agreed to participate in a cross-sectional survey comprised of basic demographic information and the Visual, Aural, Read/Write, Kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire, which identifies learning preferences on four different subscales: visual, aural, reading/writing, and kinesthetic. Multivariate analysis of variance and the χ2 test were used to check for differences in continuous (VARK scores) and categorical (VARK category preference) outcome variables. The majority of chiropractic students (56.0%) were found to be multimodal learners. Compared to the other learning styles preferences, kinesthetic learning was preferred by a significantly greater proportion of students (65.4%, p & .001) and received a significantly greater mean VARK score (5.66 ± 2.47, p & .001). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time chiropractic students have been shown to be largely multimodal learners with a preference for kinesthetic learning. While this knowledge may be beneficial in the structuring of future curricula, more thorough research must be conducted to show any beneficial relationship between learning style preferences and teaching methods.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 23-04-2020
DOI: 10.2196/16108
Abstract: Emerging adulthood is a unique segment of an in idual’s life course. The defining features of this transitional period include identity exploration, instability, future possibilities, self-focus, and feeling in-between adolescence and adulthood, all of which are thought to affect quality of life, health, and well-being. A longitudinal cohort study with a comprehensive set of measures would be a unique and valuable resource for improving the understanding of the multi-faceted elements and unique challenges that contribute to the health and well-being of emerging adults. The main aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of recruiting university graduates to establish a longitudinal cohort study to inform our understanding of emerging adulthood. This is a pilot longitudinal cohort study of Australian university graduates. It will involve collecting information via online surveys (baseline and 12-month follow-up) and data linkage with health records. Recruitment, response, and retention rates will be calculated. Descriptive analysis of the representativeness of recruited participants and completeness of survey responses will be conducted. Participant recruitment was completed in October 2018, and data collection for the baseline and follow-up surveys was completed in November 2019. As of April 2020, the process of acquiring health records from administrative data collections has commenced. The findings from this pilot study will identify areas for improvement and inform the development of a future longitudinal cohort study of emerging adults. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001364268 eec8wh DERR1-10.2196/16108
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-01-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S00198-019-05260-8
Abstract: This study examined hip fracture hospitalisation trends and predictors of access to rehabilitation for adults aged ≥ 65 years living with and without dementia. The hospitalisation rate was 2.5 times higher for adults living with dementia and adults who lived in aged care were between 4.8 and 9.3 times less likely to receive rehabilitation. To examine hip fracture hospitalisation temporal trends, health outcomes, and predictors of access to in-hospital rehabilitation for older adults living with and without dementia. A population-based retrospective cohort study of adults aged ≥ 65 years hospitalised with a hip fracture during 2007-2017 in New South Wales, Australia. Of the 69,370 hip fracture hospitalisations, 27.1% were adults living with dementia. The hip fracture hospitalisation rate was 2.5 times higher for adults living with dementia compared with adults with no dementia (1186.6 vs 492.9 per 100,000 population). The rate declined by 6.1% per year (95%CI - 6.6 to - 5.5) for adults living with dementia and increased by 1.0% per year (95%CI 0.5-1.5) for adults with no dementia. Multivariable associations identified that adults living with dementia who experienced high frailty and increasing age were between 1.6 and 1.8 times less likely to receive in-hospital rehabilitation. Adults who were living in long-term aged care facilities were between 4.8 and 9.3 times less likely to receive in-hospital rehabilitation which varied by the presence of dementia or delirium. Consistent criteria should be applied to determine rehabilitation access, and rehabilitation services designed for older adults living with dementia or in aged care are needed. • Adults living with dementia were able to make functional gains following hip fracture rehabilitation. • Need to determine consistent criteria to determine access to hip fracture rehabilitation. • Rehabilitation services specifically designed for adults living with dementia or in aged care are needed.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 15-07-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2020-101990
Abstract: To report the epidemiology of injuries in Olympic-style karate competitions. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled estimates of injury incidence rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (IIR AE ) and per 1000 min of exposure (IIR ME ) were obtained by fitting random-effects models. MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, SPORTDiscus and AusportMed databases were searched from inception to 21 August 2019. Prospective cohort studies published in peer-reviewed journals and reporting injury data (ie, incidence, severity, location, type, mechanism or risk factors) among athletes participating in Olympic-style karate competition. Twenty-eight studies were included. The estimated IIR AE and IIR ME were 88.3 (95%CI 66.6 to 117.2) and 39.2 (95%CI 30.6 to 50.2), respectively. The most commonly injured body region was the head and neck (median: 57.9% range: 33.3% to 96.8%), while contusion (median: 68.3% range: 54.9% to 95.1%) and laceration (median: 18.6% range: 0.0% to 29.3%) were the most frequently reported types of injury. Despite inconsistency in classifying injury severity, included studies reported that most injuries were in the least severe category. There was no significant difference in IIR ME between male and female karate athletes (rate ratio 1.09 95%CI 0.88 to 1.36). Karate athletes sustain, on average, 1 injury every 11 exposures (bouts) or approximately 25 min of competition. The large majority of these injuries were minor or mild in severity.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 19-01-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-09-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2022.07.005
Abstract: To examine the availability and content of publicly available concussion information published by peak amateur and professional combat sport governing bodies in Australia. Cross-sectional study document analysis. Publicly available concussion information was retrieved from the websites of eleven peak Australian amateur and professional combat sport governing bodies. Data on type of source material, concussion definition, provision of medical services, concussion evaluation, and return-to-sport information were extracted. The quality of the information was assessed using a modified version of the Global Rating Scale. Eight out of eleven combat sport governing bodies provided concussion information in source documents ranging from competition rules to position statements to specific policies. Five governing bodies provided information on post-contest concussion evaluation or testing, four of which mentioned the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool. Eight governing bodies provided information on return-to-sport, of which six stipulated mandatory minimum rest periods and four indicated that athletes should complete a graduated return-to-sport protocol. The provided concussion information was generally of low quality, with a median score of 3 out of 9 (range: 1-4). There is substantial scope and an urgent need for improving concussion guidelines across peak combat sport governing bodies in Australia to improve the health and safety of their athletes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-07-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S11657-017-0359-7
Abstract: With an ageing population, the burden of hip fractures is expected to increase in the coming decades. Older in iduals with hip fracture are more than 3.5 times more likely to die within 12 months compared to non-injured in iduals. The main priority for reducing mortality should be prevention of hip fracture. The aim of this study is to quantify and describe the 12-month mortality of older persons presenting to hospitals in Australia with a hip fracture. Population-based matched cohort study using linked hospital and mortality data from four Australian states (New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, and Tasmania). In iduals aged 65 years and older who had a hospital admission with a primary diagnosis of hip fracture in 2009 (n = 9748) and a matched comparison cohort of non-injured in idual were selected from the electoral roll (n = 9748). The comparison group was matched 1:1 on age, sex, and postcode of residence. Adjusted mortality rate ratios (MRR) and attributable risk percent were calculated. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to examine the effect of risk factors on survival. The hip fracture cohort experienced significantly worse survival at the 12-month post-fracture hospitalisation (P < 0.0001). In iduals with hip fracture were more than 3.5 times more likely to die within 12 months compared to their non-injured counterparts (MRR 3.62 [95%CI 3.23-4.05]). Hip fracture was likely to be a contributory factor in 72% of mortality within 12 months after the index hospital admission. Excess mortality risk at 12 months was higher in males than that in females and in the 65-74-year age group. With an ageing population in Australia, the burden of hip fractures is expected to increase in the coming decades. Because incident hip fracture is the main predictor of subsequent mortality, the main priority for reducing excess mortality after hip fracture is primary and secondary prevention of hip fracture.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-2019
Abstract: Prospective studies on injuries in martial arts competitions are scarce, especially those involving time-loss injuries. The upsurge of karate athletes competing in top-level karate competitions warrants elucidation of the time-loss injury risk. To determine the time-loss injury proportion and incidence rate, describe the injury pattern among elite senior karate athletes, and compare the risk of time-loss injuries in male versus female athletes and in in idual (ie, weight categories) versus team competitions (free-weight category). Descriptive epidemiology study. Data were collected at 4 consecutive World Karate Ch ionships (2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016). Injury incidence rates were calculated per 1000 athlete-exposures (IIR AE ) and per 1000 minutes of exposure (IIR ME ), with 95% CIs. Subgroups were compared by calculating their rate ratios with 95% CIs. A total of 506 injuries were recorded, of which 51 were time-loss injuries (10%). The overall time-loss injury rate was significantly lower for female versus male athletes and slightly lower for team versus in idual competitions. Overall, 1.4% of all athletes sustained a time-loss injury, and the IIR AE and IIR ME were 5.13 (95% CI, 3.82-6.74) and 1.98 (95% CI, 1.47-2.60), respectively. The most common type of time-loss injury was fracture (41%), followed by dislocation (20%) and concussion (12%). The time-loss injury incidence rate for top-level karate competitions found in this prospective study was relatively low. Comprehensive knowledge about the incidence of time-loss injuries during karate competitions represents an essential basis to develop effective strategies for injury prevention. Thus, the introduction of a uniform injury surveillance system in martial arts is of utmost importance.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 08-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2021-050377
Abstract: To identify the risk factors associated with complaints, malpractice claims and impaired performance in medical practitioners. Systematic review. Ovid-Medline, Ovid Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from 2011 until March 2020. Reference lists and Google were also handsearched. Sixty-seven peer-reviewed papers and three grey literature publications from 2011 to March 2020 were reviewed by pairs of independent reviewers. Twenty-three key factors identified, which were categorised as demographic or workplace related. Gender, age, years spent in practice and greater number of patient lists were associated with higher risk of malpractice claim or complaint. Risk factors associated with physician impaired performance included substance abuse and burn-out. It is likely that risk factors are interdependent with no single factor as a strong predictor of a doctor’s risk to the public. Risk factors for malpractice claim or complaint are likely to be country specific due to differences in governance structures, processes and funding. Risk factors for impaired performance are likely to be specialty specific due to differences in work culture and access to substances. New ways of supporting doctors might be developed, using risk factor data to reduce adverse events and patient harm. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020182045.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 30-11-2022
DOI: 10.1111/HSC.13665
Abstract: People with disabilities are often subject to intersecting layers of social and economic disadvantage and other barriers that drive health inequity. As a result, they frequently experience worse health than people without disabilities, beyond the direct effects of their health condition or impairment. The aim of this overview of systematic reviews was to summarise the evidence on the impact of socio-environmental factors (i.e. social, physical or attitudinal) on the health outcomes of disabled people. A systematic search of five databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus) for English-language articles from January 2000 to April 2021 was conducted. Abstracts were screened by two reviewers and reviews were critically appraised. Key data were extracted by topic, population, disability type, critical appraisal method, socio-environmental themes and health outcomes. There were 23 systematic reviews identified examining adult (60.9%) or child and young (8.7%) disabled people, with 30.4% not specifying an age range. Reviews examined people with neurological or physical (39.1%), intellectual (17.4%), sensory (8.7%) or a range of (34.8%) disabilities. Three key health outcomes (i.e. access to healthcare, health-promoting behaviour and care quality) and several recurring socio-environmental themes related to the health outcomes of disabled people were identified. Disabled people encounter common social, physical and attitudinal factors that hinder their health outcomes in terms of access to services and quality healthcare. Many preventive health services were identified as either inaccessible or not meeting the needs of disabled people. Greater involvement of disabled people in service design and awareness raising is essential.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-04-2016
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 20-11-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2020-102958
Abstract: To describe and compare the epidemiology of competition injuries in unarmed combat sports (ie, boxing, judo, taekwondo and wrestling) in three consecutive Olympic Games. Prospective cohort study using injury data from the IOC injury surveillance system and exposure data from official tournament records at three consecutive Olympic Games (ie, Beijing 2008, London 2012 and Rio de Janeiro 2016). Competition injury incidence rates per 1000 min of exposure (IIR ME ) were calculated with 95% CIs using standard formulae for Poisson rates. The overall IIR ME was 7.8 (95% CI 7.0 to 8.7). The IIR ME in judo (9.6 (95% CI 7.8 to 11.7)), boxing (9.2 (95% CI 7.6 to 10.9)) and taekwondo (7.7 (95% CI 5.6 to 10.5)) were significantly higher than in wrestling (4.8 (95% CI 3.6 to 6.2)). The proportion of injuries resulting in days absence from competition or training was higher in wrestling (39.6%), judo (35.9%) and taekwondo (32.5%) than in boxing (21.0%). There was no difference in injury risk by sex, weight category or tournament round, but athletes that lost had significantly higher IIR ME compared with their winning opponents (rate ratio 3.59 (95% CI 2.68 to 4.79)). Olympic combat sport athletes sustained, on average, one injury every 2.1 hours of competition. The risk of injury was significantly higher in boxing, judo and taekwondo than in wrestling. About 30% of injuries sustained during competition resulted in days absence from competition or training. There is a need for identifying modifiable risk factors for injury in Olympic combat sports, which in turn can be targeted by injury prevention initiatives to reduce the burden of injury among combat sport athletes.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 03-02-2022
DOI: 10.1111/PEDI.13317
Abstract: The impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) on academic performance is inconclusive. This study aims to compare scholastic performance and high-school completion in young people hospitalized with T1D compared to matched peers not hospitalized with diabetes. Retrospective case-comparison cohort study. A population-level matched case-comparison study of people aged ≤18 hospitalized with T1D during 2005-2018 in New South Wales, Australia using linked health-related and education records. The comparison cohort was matched on age, gender, and residential postcode. Generalized linear mixed modeling examined risk of school performance below the national minimum standard (NMS) and generalized linear regression examined risk of not completing high school for young people hospitalized with T1D compared to peers. Adjusted relative risks (ARR) were calculated. Young females and males hospitalized with T1D did not have a higher risk of not achieving the NMS compared to peers for numeracy (ARR: 1.19 95%CI 0.77-1.84 and ARR: 0.74 95%CI 0.46-1.19) or reading (ARR: 0.98 95%CI 0.63-1.50 and ARR: 0.85 95%CI 0.58-1.24), respectively. Young T1D hospitalized females had a higher risk of not completing year 11 (ARR: 1.73 95%CI 1.19-2.53) or 12 (ARR: 1.65 95%CI 1.17-2.33) compared to peers, while hospitalized T1D males did not. There was no difference in academic performance in youth hospitalized with T1D compared to peers. Improved glucose control and T1D management may explain the absence of school performance decrements in students with T1D. However, females hospitalized with T1D had a higher risk of not completing high school. Potential associations of this increased risk, with attention to T1D and psycho-social management, should be investigated.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 11-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2021.08.002
Abstract: To quantify and describe boxing-related deaths in Australia. Retrospective analysis of news media reports of all boxing-related fatalities in Australia during 1832 to 2020. Australia and New Zealand Newsstream, Factiva, Informit, Google News, Fairfax Media Archive, and Trove were searched from inception to December 31, 2020. News media articles reporting all-cause boxing-related mortality were included for analysis. There were 163 boxing-related fatalities in Australia during 1832 to 2020, including 122 (74.8%) professional and 40 (24.5%) amateur athletes. The most common causes of death were traumatic brain injury (n = 121 74.2%) and cardiac arrest (n = 11 6.7%). Boxing-related deaths occurred most frequently during the decades from 1910 to 1930. The fatality rate remained relatively steady from the 1870s through the 1930s, and then declined precipitously until the 1980s. Since legislation to regulate boxing started being introduced in the mid-1970s, there were a total of eleven deaths, of which all but one were caused by traumatic brain injury. Participation in boxing is associated with risk of death, in particular death caused by traumatic brain injury. The boxing-related fatality rate declined precipitously prior to government legislation to regulate boxing started being introduced, with no discernible further reduction in fatalities since. Given that a main purpose of government regulation of boxing is to protect the health and safety of athletes, the findings herein suggest that current regulations are either inadequate or not effectively implemented.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-11-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12913-022-08789-3
Abstract: To inform healthcare planning and resourcing, population-level information is required on the use of health services among young people with a mental disorder. This study aims to identify the health service use associated with mental disorders among young people using a population-level matched cohort. A population-based matched case-comparison retrospective cohort study of young people aged ≤ 18 years hospitalised for a mental disorder during 2005–2018 in New South Wales, Australia was conducted using linked birth, health, and mortality records. The comparison cohort was matched on age, sex and residential postcode. Adjusted rate ratios (ARR) were calculated for key demographics and mental disorder type by sex. Emergency department visits, hospital admissions and ambulatory mental health service contacts were all higher for males and females with a mental disorder than matched peers. Further hospitalisation risk was over 10-fold higher for males with psychotic (ARR 13.69 95%CI 8.95–20.94) and anxiety (ARR 11.44 95%CI 8.70-15.04) disorders, and for both males and females with cognitive and behavioural delays (ARR 10.79 95%CI 9.30-12.53 and ARR 14.62 95%CI 11.20-19.08, respectively), intellectual disability (ARR 10.47 95%CI 8.04–13.64 and ARR 11.35 95%CI 7.83–16.45, respectively), and mood disorders (ARR 10.23 95%CI 8.17–12.80 and ARR 10.12 95%CI 8.58–11.93, respectively) compared to peers. The high healthcare utilisation of young people with mental disorder supports the need for the development of community and hospital-based services that both prevent unnecessary hospital admissions in childhood and adolescence that can potentially reduce the burden and loss arising from mental disorders in adult life.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 06-01-2022
DOI: 10.2196/30027
Abstract: Emerging adulthood is a distinct segment of an in idual’s life course. The defining features of this transitional period include identity exploration, instability, future possibilities, self-focus, and feeling in-between, all of which are thought to affect quality of life, health, and well-being. A longitudinal cohort study with a comprehensive set of measures would be a valuable resource for improving the understanding of the multifaceted elements and unique challenges that contribute to the health and well-being of emerging adults. The main aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of recruiting university graduates to establish a longitudinal cohort study to inform the understanding of emerging adulthood. This pilot study was conducted among graduates at a large university. It involved collecting web-based survey data at baseline (ie, graduation) and 12 months post baseline, and linking survey responses to health records from administrative data collections. The feasibility outcome measures of interest included the recruitment rate, response rate, retention rate, data linkage opt-out rate, and availability of linked health records. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the representativeness of the s le, completeness of the survey responses, and data linkage characteristics. Only 2.8% of invited graduates (238/8532) agreed to participate in this pilot cohort study, of whom 59.7% (142/238) responded to the baseline survey. The retention rate between the baseline and follow-up surveys was 69.7% (99/142). The completeness of the surveys was excellent, with the proportion of answered questions in each survey domain ranging from 87.3% to 100% in both the baseline and follow-up surveys. The data linkage opt-out rate was 32.4% (77/238). The overall recruitment rate was poor, while the completeness of survey responses among respondents ranged from good to excellent. There was reasonable acceptability for conducting data linkage of health records from administrative data collections and survey responses. This pilot study offers insights and recommendations for future research aiming to establish a longitudinal cohort study to investigate health and well-being in emerging adults. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number ACTRN12618001364268 eec8wh RR2-10.2196/16108
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-12-2020
Abstract: Ultimate is a high-intensity, non-contact team sport played with a flying disc (e.g., frisbee). Despite the growing popularity of ultimate worldwide, there is limited information about the epidemiology of injury in the sport. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview and synthesis of the literature on the epidemiology of injury in ultimate. A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted in five electronic databases (i.e., MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, SPORTDiscus, and AusportMed). All databases were searched from inception to 1 July 2020. A total of eleven studies were included and qualitatively synthesized. Injury incidence rate estimates ranged from 0.4 to 84.9 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures. The lifetime prevalence of any injury and concussion were 100% and 26%, respectively. The most commonly injured body region was the lower limb, with the knee and thigh being the most frequently injured anatomical locations. The most frequent injury types were muscle injuries and superficial contusions. The most common injury situation was direct contact with another player. There is a substantial risk of injury in ultimate, in particular muscle strains and joint sprains to the knee and shoulder areas. Development and implementation of effective, sport-specific injury prevention initiatives, including improved injury risk management and sport safety culture, should be a priority to reduce the burden of injury in ultimate.
Publisher: Swansea University
Date: 25-08-2022
Abstract: ObjectivesTo compare scholastic performance and high school completion of young people hospitalised with a mental disorder compared to young people not hospitalised for a mental disorder by sex. ApproachA population-based matched case-comparison cohort study of young people aged ≤18 years hospitalised for a mental disorder during 2005-2018 in New South Wales, Australia using linked birth, health, education and mortality records. The comparison cohort was matched on age, sex and residential postcode. Generalised linear mixed modelling examined risk of school performance below the national minimum standard (NMS) and generalised linear regression examined risk of not completing high school for young people with a mental disorder compared to matched peers. ResultsYoung males with a mental disorder had over a 1.7 times higher risk of not achieving the NMS for numeracy (ARR: 1.71 95%CI 1.35-2.15) and reading (ARR: 1.99 95%CI 1.80-2.20) compared to matched peers. Young females with a mental disorder had around 1.5 times higher risk of not achieving the NMS for numeracy (ARR: 1.50 95%CI 1.14-1.96) compared to matched peers. Both young males and females with a disorder had around a three times higher risk of not completing high school compared to peers. Young males with multiple disorders had up to a six-fold increased risk and young females with multiple disorders had up to an eight-fold increased risk of not completing high school compared to peers. ConclusionsEarly recognition and support could improve school performance and educational outcomes for young people who were hospitalised with a mental disorder. This support should be provided in conjunction with access to mental health services and school involvement and assistance.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-01-2014
Abstract: Chiropractors, physiotherapists, and osteopaths receive training in the diagnosis and management of musculoskeletal conditions. As a result there is considerable overlap in the types of conditions that are encountered clinically by these practitioners. In Australia, the majority of benefits paid for these services come from the private sector. The purpose of this article is to quantify and describe the development in service utilization and the cost of benefits paid to users of these healthcare services by private health insurers. An exploration of the factors that may have influenced the observed trends is also presented. A review of data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency, and the Australian Government Private Health Insurance Administration Council was conducted. An analysis of chiropractic, physiotherapy and osteopathic service utilisation and cost of service utilisation trend was performed along with the level of benefits and services over time. In 2012, the number of physiotherapists working in the private sector was 2.9 times larger than that of chiropractic, and 7.8 times that of the osteopathic profession. The total number of services provided by chiropractors, physiotherapists, and osteopaths increased steadily over the past 15 years. For the majority of this period, chiropractors provided more services than the other two professions. The average number of services provided by chiropractors was approximately two and a half times that of physiotherapists and four and a half times that of osteopaths. This study highlights a clear disparity in the average number of services provided by chiropractors, physiotherapists, and osteopaths in the private sector in Australia over the last 15 years. Further research is required to explain these observed differences and to determine whether a similar trend exists in patients who do not have private health insurance cover.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-08-2018
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.186
Abstract: Child head injuries can cause life-long disability and are a major cause of mortality globally. The incidence and impact of child head injuries in Australia is unknown. This study aimed to quantify the incidence, characteristics and treatment cost and to identify factors associated with the severity of hospitalisations of head injuries in Australian children. Linked hospitalisation and mortality data were used to retrospectively examine hospitalisation trends for head injury in children aged ≤16 years and associated factors, in Australia, from 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2012. There were 164 126 hospitalisations of children for head injury during the 10-year period, commonly male (65.5%), or aged ≤5 years (48.3%). The incidence among children aged <1 year and 1-5 years significantly increased by 1.7% (95% CI 0.9-2.6 P < 0.0001) and 1.5% (95% CI 1.1-1.9 P < 0.0001) annually during the study period, respectively. The most common injury mechanisms across all age groups were falls (45.2%) and road trauma (16.0%). Head injury hospitalisations cost $468.9 million, with the higher costs found for children aged 11-16 years, and for the most severe injuries. Head injury hospitalisations cost the Australian health system close to half a billion dollars over a 10-year period, with the most serious injuries resulting in lifelong health implications. SO WHAT?: Targeted health promotion strategies such as the promotion of helmet wearing during scooter use, the introduction of cycleways, and impact absorbing surfaces on playgrounds, need to be implemented to reduce the occurrence of head injuries in children.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-01-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S40814-022-01077-1
Abstract: Commercial delivery cyclists represent a uniquely vulnerable and poorly understood road user. The primary aim of this study was to pilot whether cycling injuries could be categorised as either commercial or non-commercial using documentation entered into routine hospital medical records, in order to determine the feasibility of conducting a large cohort study of commercial cycling injuries in the future. A secondary aim was to determine which key demographic, incident and injury characteristics were associated with commercial versus non-commercial cycling injuries in emergency. Pilot retrospective cohort study of adults presenting to an acute public hospital emergency department between May 2019 and April 2020 after sustaining a cycling-related injury. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the demographic, incident and injury characteristics associated with commercial compared to non-commercial cycling. Of the 368 people presenting to the emergency department with a cycling-related injury, we were able to categorise 43 (11.7%) as commercial delivery cyclists, 153 (41.6%) as non-commercial cyclists and the working status of 172 (46.7%) was unable to be confirmed. Both commercial and unconfirmed cyclists were more likely to be younger than non-commercial cyclists. Compared to non-commercial cyclists, commercial cyclists were 11 times more likely to speak a language other than English (AOR 11.3 95% CI 4.07–31.30 p .001), less likely to be injured from non-collision incidents than vehicle collisions (AOR 0.36 95% CI 0.15–0.91 p =0.030) and were over 13 times more likely to present to the emergency department between 8.00pm and 12.00am compared to the early morning hours (12.00 to 8.00am) (AOR 13.43 95% CI 2.20–82.10 p =0.005). The growth of commercial cycling, particularly through online food delivery services, has raised concern regarding commercial cyclist safety. Improvements in the recording of cycling injury commercial status is required to enable ongoing surveillance of commercial cyclist injuries and establish the extent and risk factors associated with commercial cycling.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-07-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2022.09.165
Abstract: To synthesise competition and training injury data in amateur boxing. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled estimates of competition injury incidence rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (IIR MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, AUSPORT, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from inception to 27 May 2022. Cohort studies with prospectively collected injury and exposure data from amateur boxing competition or training published in peer-reviewed journals were eligible for inclusion. Seventeen studies were eligible for inclusion. The competition IIR Amateur boxing athletes sustain, on average, 1 injury every 2.5 h of competition and every 772 h of training. There is a need for identifying injury mechanisms and modifiable risk factors that can be targeted by preventive measures to reduce the burden of injury in amateur boxing.
Publisher: Index Copernicus
Date: 23-04-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-09-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12887-021-02891-X
Abstract: Exploring the impact of injury and injury severity on academic outcomes could assist to identify characteristics of young people likely to require learning support services. This study aims to compare scholastic performance and high school completion of young people hospitalised for an injury compared to young people not hospitalised for an injury by injury severity and to examine factors influencing scholastic performance and school completion. A population-based matched case-comparison cohort study of young people aged ≤18 years hospitalised for an injury during 2005–2018 in New South Wales, Australia using linked birth, health, education and mortality records. The comparison cohort was matched on age, gender and residential postcode. Generalised linear mixed modelling examined risk of performance below the national minimum standard (NMS) on the National Assessment Plan for Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) and generalised linear regression examined risk of not completing high school for injured young people compared to matched peers. Injured young people had a higher risk of not achieving the NMS compared to their matched peers for numeracy (ARR: 1.12 95%CI 1.06–1.17), reading (ARR: 1.09 95%CI 1.04–1.13), spelling (ARR: 1.13 95%CI 1.09–1.18), grammar (ARR: 1.11 95%CI 1.06–1.15), and writing (ARR: 1.07 95%CI 1.04–1.11). As injury severity increased from minor to serious, the risk of not achieving the NMS generally increased for injured young people compared to matched peers. Injured young people had almost twice the risk of not completing high school at year 10 (ARR: 2.17 95%CI 1.73–2.72), year 11 (ARR: 1.95 95%CI 1.78–2.14) or year 12 (ARR: 1.93 95%CI 1.78–2.08) compared to matched peers. The identification of characteristics of young people most likely to encounter problems in the academic environment after sustaining an injury is important to facilitate the potential need for learning support. Assessing learning needs and monitoring return-to-school progress post-injury may aid identification of any ongoing learning support requirements.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2016
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2014
Abstract: Mixed martial arts (MMA) has experienced a surge in popularity since emerging in the 1990s, but the sport has also faced concomitant criticism from public, political, and medical holds. Notwithstanding the polarized discourse concerning the sport, no systematic review of the injury problems in MMA has been published to date. To systematically review the epidemiologic data on injuries in MMA and to quantitatively estimate injury incidence and risk factor effect sizes. Systematic review and meta-analysis Level of evidence, 4. Electronic searching of PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE, AMED, and SPORTDiscus databases to identify studies reporting on the epidemiology of injuries in MMA. Random-effects models were used to obtain pooled summary estimates of the injury incidence rate per 1000 athlete-exposures (IIR AE ) and rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was evaluated with the I 2 statistic. A total of 6 studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. The IIR AE summary estimate was found to be 228.7 (95% CI, 110.4-473.5). No studies reported injury severity. The most commonly injured anatomic region was the head (range, 66.8%-78.0%) followed by the wrist/hand (range, 6.0%-12.0%), while the most frequent injury types were laceration (range, 36.7%-59.4%), fracture (range, 7.4%-43.3%), and concussion (range, 3.8%-20.4%). The most notable risk factors pertained to the outcome of bouts. Losers incurred 3 times as many injuries as winners, and fighters in bouts ending with knockout or technical knockout incurred more than 2 times as many injuries as fighters in bouts ending with submission. Notwithstanding the paucity of data, the injury incidence in MMA appears to be greater than in most, if not all, other popular and commonly practiced combat sports. In general, the injury pattern in MMA is very similar to that in professional boxing but unlike that found in other combat sports such as judo and taekwondo. More epidemiologic research is urgently needed to improve the accuracy of the injury incidence estimate, to determine the injury severity, and to identify more risk factors for injury in MMA.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2024
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-12-2012
DOI: 10.1002/ASE.1338
Abstract: The total number of anatomy teaching hours has declined in medical courses worldwide. Conversely, face-to-face teaching in undergraduate neuroanatomy at Macquarie University increased by 50% in 2011. Our aim was to investigate whether this influenced student performance and overall satisfaction with the course. One hundred eighty-one students consented to participate in this study. A questionnaire was administered to rate the course, and final grades from the old and new unit cohorts were compared. The old and new unit cohorts did not differ in their final grades (P = 0.249). However, the new unit cohort rated their knowledge of the material higher compared to the old unit cohort (P = 0.013), and reported higher levels of satisfaction with the course (P < 0.001). In an era in which teaching time for anatomy has been reduced at tertiary institutions, and there is much lamenting of the effect this will have, there is a paucity of literature on whether the decrease really influences neuroanatomical knowledge. This is the first study, to the best of our knowledge, to show that an increase in total face-to-face teaching hours does not improve student grades, but does increase student satisfaction with the course.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-08-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S12913-023-09900-Y
Abstract: Hearing loss can have a negative impact on in iduals’ health and engagement with social activities. Integrated approaches that tackle barriers and social outcomes could mitigate some of these effects for cochlear implants (CI) users. This review aims to synthesise the evidence of the impact of a CI on adults’ health service utilisation and social outcomes. Five databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, ERIC, CINAHL and PsychINFO) were searched from 1st January 2000 to 16 January 2023 and May 2023. Articles that reported on health service utilisation or social outcomes post-CI in adults aged ≥ 18 years were included. Health service utilisation includes hospital admissions, emergency department (ED) presentations, general practitioner (GP) visits, CI revision surgery and pharmaceutical use. Social outcomes include education, autonomy, social participation, training, disability, social housing, social welfare benefits, occupation, employment, income level, anxiety, depression, quality of life (QoL), communication and cognition. Searched articles were screened in two stages ̶̶̶ by going through the title and abstract then full text. Information extracted from the included studies was narratively synthesised. There were 44 studies included in this review, with 20 (45.5%) cohort studies, 18 (40.9%) cross-sectional and six (13.6%) qualitative studies. Nine studies (20.5%) reported on health service utilisation and 35 (79.5%) on social outcomes. Five out of nine studies showed benefits of CI in improving adults’ health service utilisation including reduced use of prescription medication, reduced number of surgical and audiological visits. Most of the studies 27 (77.1%) revealed improvements for at least one social outcome, such as work or employment 18 (85.7%), social participation 14 (93.3%), autonomy 8 (88.9%), education (all nine studies), perceived hearing disability (five out of six studies) and income (all three studies) post-CI. None of the included studies had a low risk of bias. This review identified beneficial impacts of CI in improving adults’ health service utilisation and social outcomes. Improvement in hearing enhanced social interactions and working lives. There is a need for large scale, well-designed epidemiological studies examining health and social outcomes post-CI.
Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Date: 20-09-2018
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJPO-2019-000530
Abstract: Children who have sustained a serious injury or who have a chronic health condition, such as diabetes or epilepsy, may have their school performance adversely impacted by the condition, treatment of the condition and/or time away from school. Examining the potential adverse impact requires the identification of children most likely to be affected and the use of objective measures of education performance. This may highlight educational disparities that could be addressed with learning support. This study aims to examine education performance, school completion and health outcomes of children in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, who were hospitalised with an injury or a chronic health condition compared with children who have not been hospitalised for these conditions. This research will be a retrospective population-level case-comparison study of hospitalised injured or chronically ill children (ie, diabetes, epilepsy, asthma or mental health conditions) aged ≤18 years in NSW, Australia, using linked health and education administrative data collections. It will examine the education performance, school completion and health outcomes of children who have been hospitalised in NSW with an injury or a chronic health condition compared with children randomly drawn from the NSW population (matched on gender, age and residential postcode) who have not been hospitalised for these conditions. The study received ethics approval from the NSW Population Health Services Research Ethics Committee (2018HRE0904). Findings from the research will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 02-2021
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-12-2022
DOI: 10.1177/00048674211061684
Abstract: Young people with a mental disorder often perform poorly at school and can fail to complete high school. This study aims to compare scholastic performance and high school completion of young people hospitalised with a mental disorder compared to young people not hospitalised for a mental disorder health condition by gender. A population-based matched case-comparison cohort study of young people aged ⩽18 years hospitalised for a mental disorder during 2005–2018 in New South Wales, Australia using linked birth, health, education and mortality records. The comparison cohort was matched on age, gender and residential postcode. Generalised linear mixed modelling examined risk of school performance below the national minimum standard and generalised linear regression examined risk of not completing high school for young people with a mental disorder compared to matched peers. Young males with a mental disorder had over a 1.7 times higher risk of not achieving the national minimum standard for numeracy (adjusted relative risk: 1.71 95% confidence interval: [1.35, 2.15]) and reading (adjusted relative risk: 1.99 95% confidence interval: [1.80, 2.20]) compared to matched peers. Young females with a mental disorder had around 1.5 times higher risk of not achieving the national minimum standard for numeracy (adjusted relative risk: 1.50 95% confidence interval: [1.14, 1.96]) compared to matched peers. Both young males and females with a disorder had around a three times higher risk of not completing high school compared to peers. Young males with multiple disorders had up to a sixfold increased risk and young females with multiple disorders had up to an eightfold increased risk of not completing high school compared to peers. Early recognition and support could improve school performance and educational outcomes for young people who were hospitalised with a mental disorder. This support should be provided in conjunction with access to mental health services and school involvement and assistance.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2018
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 12-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-044049
Abstract: Value-based healthcare delivery models have emerged to address the unprecedented pressure on long-term health system performance and sustainability and to respond to the changing needs and expectations of patients. Implementing and scaling the benefits from these care delivery models to achieve large-system transformation are challenging and require consideration of complexity and context. Realist studies enable researchers to explore factors beyond ‘what works’ towards more nuanced understanding of ‘what tends to work for whom under which circumstances’. This research proposes a realist study of the implementation approach for seven large-system, value-based healthcare initiatives in New South Wales, Australia, to elucidate how different implementation strategies and processes stimulate the uptake, adoption, fidelity and adherence of initiatives to achieve sustainable impacts across a variety of contexts. This exploratory, sequential, mixed methods realist study followed RAMESES II (Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards) reporting standards for realist studies. Stage 1 will formulate initial programme theories from review of existing literature, analysis of programme documents and qualitative interviews with programme designers, implementation support staff and evaluators. Stage 2 envisages testing and refining these hypothesised programme theories through qualitative interviews with local hospital network staff running initiatives, and analyses of quantitative data from the programme evaluation, hospital administrative systems and an implementation outcome survey. Stage 3 proposes to produce generalisable middle-range theories by synthesising data from context–mechanism–outcome configurations across initiatives. Qualitative data will be analysed retroductively and quantitative data will be analysed to identify relationships between the implementation strategies and processes, and implementation and programme outcomes. Mixed methods triangulation will be performed. Ethical approval has been granted by Macquarie University (Project ID 23816) and Hunter New England (Project ID 2020/ETH02186) Human Research Ethics Committees. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals. Results will be fed back to partner organisations and roundtable discussions with other health jurisdictions will be held, to share learnings.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2010.10.460
Abstract: Objectives. To collate and appraise incidence and severity data for neck injury in Rugby Union. To report risk factors for neck injury in Rugby Union that are supported by incidence and severity data. Design. Systematic review. Methods. Original journal articles were retrieved from electronic searches of AusportMed, AUSPORT, Scopus, Medline (Ovid), CINAHL, Mantis, and Pubmed databases and relevant bibliographic hand searches. Selection criteria were restricted to: (a) prospective study designs including cohort, case-control, and intervention methodologies (b) populations of Rugby Union players, either male or female of any age (c) studies must report on neck injury incidence and/or severity specifically (d) articles with republished neck injury data were excluded. The STROBE Statement was adapted for the quality assessment of included studies and categorised as either poor, moderate or good. Results. Thirty-three original articles met the selection criteria. Wide variation of injury and exposure definitions and population s ling was identified in the included articles. Neck injury incidence ranged between 0.26 (CI: 0.08, 0.93) and 9.17 (CI: 1.89, 26.81) per 1000 player hours for mixed populations that adopted an all inclusive sports injury definition. There is a paucity of severity data and analytical data which evaluates causal roles of risk factors for neck injury in Rugby Union. Conclusions. Meaningful understanding of neck injury incidence and severity in Rugby Union is restricted to a few studies which adopt comparable methodological construct. This paper provides an index for future neck injury studies in Rugby Union.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-05-2022
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.16028
Abstract: This study aims to identify the hospitalised morbidity associated with three common chronic health conditions among young people using a population‐based matched cohort. A population‐level matched case‐comparison retrospective cohort study of young people aged ≤18 years hospitalised with asthma, type 1 diabetes (T1D) or epilepsy during 2005–2018 in New South Wales, Australia using linked birth, health and mortality records. The comparison cohort was matched on age, sex and residential postcode. Adjusted rate ratios (ARR) were calculated by sex and age group. There were 65 055 young people hospitalised with asthma, 6648 with epilepsy, and 2209 with T1D. Young people with epilepsy (ARR 10.95 95% confidence interval (CI) 9.98–12.02), T1D (ARR 8.64 95% CI 7.72–9.67) or asthma (ARR 4.39 95% CI 4.26–4.53) all had a higher risk of hospitalisation than matched peers. Admission risk was highest for males (ARR 11.00 95% CI 9.64–12.56) and females with epilepsy (ARR 10.83 95% CI 9.54–12.29) compared to peers. The highest admission risk by age group was for young people aged 10–14 years (ARR 5.50 95% CI 4.77–6.34) living with asthma, children aged ≤4 years (ARR 12.68 95% CI 11.35–14.17) for those living with epilepsy, and children aged 5–9 years (ARR 9.12 95% CI 7.69–10.81) for those living with T1D compared to peers. The results will guide health service planning and highlight opportunities for better management of chronic health conditions, such as further care integration between acute, primary and community health services for young people.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 03-05-2021
Abstract: merging adulthood is a distinct segment of an in idual’s life course. The defining features of this transitional period include identity exploration, instability, future possibilities, self-focus, and feeling in-between, all of which are thought to affect quality of life, health, and well-being. A longitudinal cohort study with a comprehensive set of measures would be a valuable resource for improving the understanding of the multifaceted elements and unique challenges that contribute to the health and well-being of emerging adults. he main aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of recruiting university graduates to establish a longitudinal cohort study to inform the understanding of emerging adulthood. his pilot study was conducted among graduates at a large university. It involved collecting web-based survey data at baseline (ie, graduation) and 12 months post baseline, and linking survey responses to health records from administrative data collections. The feasibility outcome measures of interest included the recruitment rate, response rate, retention rate, data linkage opt-out rate, and availability of linked health records. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the representativeness of the s le, completeness of the survey responses, and data linkage characteristics. nly 2.8% of invited graduates (238/8532) agreed to participate in this pilot cohort study, of whom 59.7% (142/238) responded to the baseline survey. The retention rate between the baseline and follow-up surveys was 69.7% (99/142). The completeness of the surveys was excellent, with the proportion of answered questions in each survey domain ranging from 87.3% to 100% in both the baseline and follow-up surveys. The data linkage opt-out rate was 32.4% (77/238). he overall recruitment rate was poor, while the completeness of survey responses among respondents ranged from good to excellent. There was reasonable acceptability for conducting data linkage of health records from administrative data collections and survey responses. This pilot study offers insights and recommendations for future research aiming to establish a longitudinal cohort study to investigate health and well-being in emerging adults. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number ACTRN12618001364268 eec8wh R2-10.2196/16108
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.SPINEE.2016.05.018
Abstract: Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is commonly used to treat spinal disorders. Although clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of SMT in the treatment of neck and back disorders, concerns exist about the nature and incidence of adverse events associated with the intervention. Comprehensive reporting of adverse events in clinical trials could allow for accurate incidence estimates through meta-analysis. However, it is not clear if randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that involve SMT are currently reporting adverse events adequately. This study aimed to describe the extent of adverse events reporting in published RCTs involving SMT, and to determine whether the quality of reporting has improved since publication of the 2010 Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement. This is a systematic literature review. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for RCTs involving SMT. Domains of interest included classifications of adverse events, completeness of adverse events reporting, nomenclature used to describe the events, methodological quality of the study, and details of the publishing journal. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Frequencies and proportions of trials reporting on each of the specified domains above were calculated. Differences in proportions between pre- and post-CONSORT trials were calculated with 95% confidence intervals using standard methods, and statistical comparisons were analyzed using tests for equality of proportions with continuity correction. There was no funding obtained for this study. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Of 7,398 records identified in the electronic searches, 368 articles were eligible for inclusion in this review. Adverse events were reported in 140 (38.0%) articles. There was a significant increase in the reporting of adverse events post-CONSORT (p=.001). There were two major adverse events reported (0.3%). Only 22 articles (15.7%) reported on adverse events in the abstract. There were no differences in reporting of adverse events post-CONSORT for any of the chosen parameters. Although there has been an increase in reporting adverse events since the introduction of the 2010 CONSORT guidelines, the current level should be seen as inadequate and unacceptable. We recommend that authors adhere to the CONSORT statement when reporting adverse events associated with RCTs that involve SMT.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2019.102920
Abstract: This study aimed to operationalise and use the World Health Organisation's International Classification for Patient Safety (ICPS) to identify incident characteristics and contributing factors of deaths involving complications of medical or surgical care in Australia. A s le of 500 coronial findings related to patient deaths following complications of surgical or medical care in Australia were reviewed using a modified-ICPS (mICPS). Over two-thirds (69.0%) of incidents occurred during treatment and 27.4% occurred in the operating theatre. Clinical process and procedures (55.9%), medication/IV fluids (11.2%) and healthcare-associated infection/complications (10.4%) were the most common incident types. Coroners made recommendations in 44.0% of deaths and organisations undertook preventive actions in 40.0% of deaths. This study demonstrated that the ICPS was able to be modified for practical use as a human factors taxonomy to identify sequences of incident types and contributing factors for patient deaths. Further testing of the mICPS is warranted.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-04-2023
DOI: 10.3390/TRAUMACARE3020006
Abstract: This study aimed to quantify changes in paediatric injury-related Emergency Department (ED) presentations at a large metropolitan paediatric hospital during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., 2020 and 2021). This retrospective cohort study included children aged ≤15 years who presented to the ED at the Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, with a principal diagnosis of injury during 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2021. Annual and monthly incidence of paediatric injury-related ED presentations from 2010 to 2019 were used to fit autoregressive integrated moving average models, from which forecast estimates with 95% prediction intervals were derived and compared against corresponding observed values to obtain estimates of absolute and relative forecast errors. The distributions of injuries by injury severity in 2020 and 2021 were compared against the 2010–2019 reference period. The annual incidence of paediatric injury-related ED presentations was 7.6% and 4.7% lower than forecasted in 2020 and 2021, respectively, equating to an estimated total of 1683 fewer paediatric injury-related ED presentations during the two-year period. The largest reductions in monthly incidence of paediatric injury-related ED presentations were observed during the periods of major societal restrictions (i.e., March–May 2020 and July–October 2021). Significant reductions in monthly incidence of injury-related ED presentations were observed for minor injuries only, with no discernable reductions in moderate and serious injuries. These findings highlight the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric injury-related ED presentations and the need for future epidemiological studies examining secular trends in paediatric trauma volumes to account for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-04-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12874-022-01586-W
Abstract: With the increasing use of mobile technology, ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) may enable routine monitoring of patient health outcomes and patient experiences of care by health agencies. This rapid review aims to synthesise the evidence on the use of EMAs to monitor health outcomes after traumatic unintentional injury. A rapid systematic review of nine databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, PsychINFO, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, Scopus, SportDiscus) for English-language articles from January 2010–September 2021 was conducted. Abstracts and full-text were screened by two reviewers and each article critically appraised. Key information was extracted by population characteristics, age and s le size, follow-up time period(s), type of EMA tools, physical health or pain outcome(s), psychological health outcome(s), general health or social outcome(s), and facilitators or barriers of EMA methods. Narrative synthesis was undertaken to identify key EMA facilitator and barrier themes. There were 29 articles using data from 25 unique studies. Almost all (84.0%) were prospective cohort studies and 11 (44.0%) were EMA feasibility trials with an injured cohort. Traumatic and acquired brain injuries and concussion (64.0%) were the most common injuries examined. The most common EMA type was interval (40.0%). There were 10 key facilitator themes (e.g. feasibility, ecological validity, compliance) and 10 key barrier themes (e.g. complex technology, response consistency, ability to capture a participant’s full experience, compliance decline) identified in studies using EMA to examine health outcomes post-injury. This review highlighted the usefulness of EMA to capture ecologically valid participant responses of their experiences post-injury. EMAs have the potential to assist in routine follow-up of the health outcomes of patients post-injury and their use should be further explored.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.SPINEE.2020.01.002
Abstract: Despite its potential to cause serious and life-long disability or death, population-based data on traumatic spinal injury in pediatric populations is scarce. To quantify and describe the incidence and cost of hospitalizations for traumatic spinal injury among Australian children, and to examine the trend over a 10-year period. Population-based retrospective cohort study. Children aged ≤16 years who were hospitalized for traumatic spinal injury in Australia during 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2012. Age-standardized hospital admission rates. This study used linked hospitalization and mortality data. Age-standardized hospitalization rates were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Negative binomial regression was used to examine change in temporal trends in hospitalization rates. There were 4,360 hospitalizations for pediatric traumatic spinal injury during the 10-year study period. Males and older children were more frequently hospitalized, and falls and road trauma accounted for almost three-quarters of hospitalizations. The average overall annual hospitalization rate was 9.43 (95% CI: 9.15-9.72) per 100,000 population, with an annual percent change of 1.2% (95% CI: -0.1% to 2.4%). There was an increase in the annual hospitalization rate for spinal dislocations, sprains, and strains (3.0% [95% CI: 0.8%-5.3%]) and among female children (1.7% [95% CI: 0.0%-3.4%]). The estimated total hospital treatment costs were AUD$43 million over the 10-year study period, with an estimated mean cost per child of AUD$9,867. Pediatric traumatic spinal injury is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The burden of hospitalized pediatric traumatic spinal injury in Australia is rising, in particular spinal dislocations, sprains, and strains among female children. Targeted prevention strategies are needed to reduce the burden of pediatric traumatic spinal injury. It is recommended that a coordinated national strategy for preventing childhood traumatic spinal injury is developed and implemented in Australia.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 12-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-07-2019
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1643418
Abstract: To enhance understanding of access to rehabilitation services in Australian and New Zealand acute care facilities for older adults living with dementia and/or living in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) following a hip fracture. Information on hip fracture rehabilitation was obtained from an online survey of 40 health professionals who were members of the Australian and New Zealand Hip Fracture Registry Network. This information was supplemented with key informant interviews with five geriatricians and five rehabilitation physicians. Availability of hip fracture rehabilitation services differed by region and country. Around one in 10 respondents indicated that their facility had specific rehabilitation protocols for people living in RACFs or who were living with dementia. Barriers to providing hip fracture rehabilitation were commonly related to availability of resources. Rehabilitation pathways were determined according to in idual patient characteristics and perceived potential benefit. Decision making was mainly informed by the patient's pre-fracture morbidity and residence. Three key themes and nine sub-themes emerged from the interviews. The development of consistent decision criteria and pathways for access to hip fracture rehabilitation could provide a standard approach to access to rehabilitation, particularly for patients with cognitive impairment and/or who reside in RACFs.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONNeed to establish evidence-based criteria for patients who will benefit from hip fracture rehabilitation.Consistent decision criteria for access to hip fracture rehabilitation will assist in guiding a standard approach to providing rehabilitation, particularly for patients with cognitive impairment and/or who reside in RACFs.There is a need to ensure the availability of physiotherapy services in RACFs to assist with rehabilitation provision.Rehabilitation provided to patients with cognitive impairment and/or who are living in RACFs should be tailored to their physical and mental ability.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.INJURY.2018.07.009
Abstract: Injury is a leading cause of death and disability among children and young people. Recovery may be negatively affected by unwarranted clinical variation such as representation to an emergency department (ED), readmission to a hospital, and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine unwarranted clinical variation across providers of care of children and young people who were hospitalised for injury in New South Wales (NSW). Retrospective population-based cohort study using linked ED, hospital, and mortality data of all children and young people aged ≤25 years who were injured and hospitalised during 1 January 2010-30 June 2014 in NSW. Unwarranted clinical variation across providers was examined using three indicators. That is, for each hospital that treated ≥100 cases per year, risk standardised ratios were calculated with 95% and 99.8% confidence limits using the number of observed and expected events of (1) representations to ED within 72 h, (2) unplanned readmissions to hospital within 28 days, and (3) all-cause mortality within 30 days. There were 189,990 injury-related hospitalisations of children and young people. Of these, 4.4% represented to an ED, 8.7% were readmitted to hospital, and 0.2% died. Of the 45 public hospitals that treated ≥100 cases per year, higher than expected rates of ED representations, hospital readmissions, and mortality were observed in eleven, six, and two hospitals, respectively. The rates of ED representations, hospital readmissions, and mortality among children and young people hospitalised for injury in NSW were similar to the rates reported in other countries. However, unwarranted clinical variation across public hospitals was observed for all three indicators. These findings suggest that by improving routine follow-up support services post-discharge for children and young people and their families, it may be possible to reduce unwarranted clinical variation and improve health outcomes.
Publisher: Future Medicine Ltd
Date: 09-2023
Abstract: Aim: To examine the impact of concussion on objective measures of school performance. Materials & methods: Population-based matched cohort study using linked health and education records of young people aged ≤18 years hospitalized with concussion in New South Wales, Australia, during 2005–2018, and matched comparisons not hospitalized with any injury. Results: Young people with concussion had higher risk of not achieving the national minimum standards for literacy and numeracy assessments, ranging from 30% for numeracy to 43% for spelling, and not completing high school, ranging from 29% for year 10 to 77% for year 12, compared with matched peers. Conclusion: Young people hospitalized with concussion have impaired school performance compared with uninjured matched peers.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.MSKSP.2017.05.002
Abstract: While spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is recommended for the treatment of spinal disorders, concerns exist about adverse events associated with the intervention. Adequate reporting of adverse events in clinical trials would allow for more accurate estimations of incidence statistics through meta-analysis. However, it is not currently known if there are factors influencing adverse events reporting following SMT in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Thus our objective was to investigate predictive factors for the reporting of adverse events in published RCTs involving SMT. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for RCTs involving SMT. Domains of interest included: s le size publication date relative to the 2010 CONSORT statement risk of bias the region treated and number of intervention sessions. 7398 records were identified, of which 368 articles were eligible for inclusion. A total of 140 (38.0%) articles reported on adverse events. Articles were more likely to report on adverse events if they possessed larger s le sizes, were published after the 2010 CONSORT statement, had a low risk of bias and involved multiple intervention sessions. The region treated was not a significant predictor for reporting on adverse events. Predictors for reporting on adverse events included larger s le size, publication after the 2010 CONSORT statement, low risk of bias and trials involving multiple intervention sessions. We recommend that researchers focus on developing robust methodologies and participant follow-up regimens for RCTs involving SMT.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2023
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 12-2018
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2022-065567
Abstract: While the majority of adults with severe-to-profound hearing loss and poor speech perception outcomes with hearing aids benefit from receiving a cochlear implant, the long-term health and social benefits for implant recipients are yet to be explored. The objective of the ARCHS research is to provide a better understanding of the health and social factors that play a role in the lives of adults with a cochlear implant up to 10 years after the procedure. This research will involve conducting two retrospective cohort studies of adults aged ≥18 years who received a cochlear implant during 2011–2021 using linked administrative data first within New South Wales (NSW) and second Australia-wide. It will examine health service use and compare health and social outcomes for younger (18–64 years) and older (≥65 years) cochlear implant recipients. Ethical approval was received from the NSW Population Health Services Research Ethics Committee for the NSW cohort study (Reference: 2022/ETH00382/2022.07) and from the Macquarie University ethics committee for the national cohort study (Reference: 520221151437084). Research findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SEIZURE.2022.05.014
Abstract: To compare academic performance and high school completion of young people admitted to hospital with epilepsy and matched peers from the general population not admitted to hospital with epilepsy during the study period. A population-based matched case-comparison cohort study of young people aged ≤18 years hospitalised with epilepsy during 2005-2018 in New South Wales, Australia, using linked birth, health, education, and mortality records. The comparison cohort was matched on age, sex, and residential postcode. Generalised linear mixed modelling examined risk of school performance below the national minimum standard (NMS), and generalised linear regression examined risk of not completing high school for young people hospitalised with epilepsy compared to matched peers not hospitalised with epilepsy during the study period. Adjusted relative risks (ARRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from the final models. Young people hospitalised with epilepsy had more than 3 times higher risk of not achieving the NMS for numeracy (ARR: 3.40 95%CI 2.76‒4.18) and reading (ARR: 3.15 95%CI 2.60‒3.82), compared to matched peers. Young people hospitalised with epilepsy had a 78% higher risk of not completing year 10 (ARR: 1.78 95%CI 1.14‒2.79), 18% higher risk of not completing year 11 (ARR: 1.18 95%CI 0.97‒1.45), and 38% higher risk of not completing year 12 (ARR: 1.38 95%CI 1.14‒1.67), compared to matched counterparts. Young people hospitalised with epilepsy have higher risk of not achieving minimum standards for numeracy and reading and not completing high school compared to matched peers. There is a need for effective strategies and interventions (e.g., early seizure control and improved multidisciplinary management and care coordination) to minimise the potential adverse effect of epilepsy on education and its sequelae such as early school leaving, unemployment and poverty in adulthood.
Publisher: Brighthall
Date: 09-2015
DOI: 10.7899/JCE-14-28
Abstract: The intensive nature of a 5- or 6-week teaching block poses unique problems for adequate delivery of content. This study was designed to compare the delivery of a unit of undergraduate neuroanatomy in a short summer school period, as a traditionally taught unit, with a rendition given in the form of the “Flipped Classroom.” The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of the flipped classroom in the intensive mode classroom. The flipped classroom encompassed the same learning outcomes, but students were responsible for covering the content at home in preparation for tutorials that applied their acquired knowledge to higher levels of thinking. The main outcome measures were the final course grades and the level of satisfaction with the course. There were no significant differences between the 2 cohorts in final grades (p = .259), self-rated knowledge (p = .182), or overall satisfaction with the course (p = .892). This particular design of the flipped classroom did not add value to the intensive mode experience. It may be that this mode of delivery is ill suited to intensive classes for subjects that carry a lot of content. The use of the flipped classroom requires further research to fully evaluate its value.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2018.07.010
Abstract: To quantify and describe the incidence, cost, and temporal trends of sports injury-related hospitalisations in Australian children over a 10-year period. Retrospective population-based cohort study. This study used linked hospitalisation and mortality data of children aged ≤16 years who were hospitalised for sports-related injury in Australia from 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2012. Age-standardised incidence rates were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Negative binomial regression was used to examine change in temporal trends in incidence rates. There were 130,167 sports injury-related hospitalisations during the 10-year study period. The overall annual incidence rate was 281.0 (95%CI: 279.5, 282.6) per 100,000 population. Males and older children were more frequently hospitalised than their female and younger counterparts. The most common sports activities resulting in hospitalisation were team ball sports (43.1%) and wheeled non-motor sport (22.3%). There was no significant annual decline in the overall incidence rate during the 10-year study period (-1.0% [95%CI: -3.0%, 1.0%]). The estimated total hospital treatment cost was $396 million, with an estimated mean cost per injured child of $3058. There has been no significant decline in sports injury-related hospitalisation rates among Australian children during 2002-03 to 2011-12. This may suggest that sports injury prevention initiatives in Australia to date have been inadequate to produce population-level reduction in sports injury-related hospitalisations. It is recommended that a national injury prevention strategy to reduce the burden of sports injuries among Australian children is developed and implemented.
Publisher: Brighthall
Date: 04-12-2020
DOI: 10.7899/JCE-19-25
Abstract: Team-based learning (TBL) is an active learning method in which student teams participate in in idual work, teamwork, and the application of learned concepts to problem solving. It has been widely adopted in the education of health professions. The aim of this study was to assess whether TBL in tutorials would be beneficial to students' assessed knowledge and subjective sense of satisfaction as compared to traditional modes of teaching. In 2018, TBL was introduced into the tutorials of a clinically oriented undergraduate course of neuroanatomy, and its benefits in improving student grades and satisfaction were assessed. The Welch 2 s le t test was used for group differences in continuous variables, and Pearson's χ2 test with Yates' continuity correction was used for group differences in dichotomous variables. Linear modeling was used to look for group differences while adjusting for significant baseline characteristics. Our study found that in comparison to more traditionally delivered teaching, TBL did not improve grades or alter overall satisfaction. A post hoc pairwise comparison of satisfaction among lectures, tutorials, and practical classes showed that students appeared to be most dissatisfied with the TBL. Analysis of our methods, results, student comments, and the literature indicate that the length of the tutorials, at 1 hour, was too short to conduct TBL to the standards required. In addition, there is an imperative to persist in preparing students for a different knowledge-transfer paradigm, and it takes a few iterations to improve the approach and application of this method of teaching.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 14-12-2013
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2012-091666
Abstract: The main purposes of this study were to determine the injury incidence and severity in Australian amateur taekwondo athletes, and to investigate potential risk factors for injury in competition taekwondo. Data were collected at New South Wales State Ch ionships in 2010 and 2011. Injuries were diagnosed by onsite sports medicine personnel and the actual number of days lost from full participation was used to determine injury severity. Injury incidence rates were calculated per 1000 athlete-exposures (injury incidence rate (IIRAE)) and per 1000 min of exposure (IIRME) and presented with 95% CI. The overall IIRAE and IIRME were 59.93 (95% CI 51.16 to 69.77) and 16.32 (95% CI 13.93 to 19.00), respectively. Children under 10 years had significantly lower IIRAE compared with older age groups and black belts had significantly higher IIRAE compared with yellow belts, however, after accounting for the exposure time it was revealed that 10-year-olds to 14-year-olds and red belts incurred higher IIRME. This study highlights the importance of including IIRs that account for exposure-time. In contrast with previous estimates, the current data indicated that one-third of injuries were moderate to severe. Relative to other body regions the upper limb had a higher proportion of moderate-to-severe injuries, and compared with the lower limb there was a disproportionate number of upper limb injuries resulting in fractures. The findings suggest that the impact of injury on taekwondo athletes is significant, and should serve as an impetus to stakeholders to develop and implement injury prevention activities within the sport.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2017
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2015
Abstract: Kickboxing is a group of full-contact combat sports that allows both kicking and punching from a standing position. Despite its popularity, there is a scarcity of published data elucidating the injury epidemiology in kickboxing. To determine the injury incidence, describe the injury pattern, and identify potential risk factors for injury in kickboxing. Descriptive epidemiology study. Data describing fight outcomes and injuries sustained during professional and amateur kickboxing contests over a 15-year period were obtained from the official records of the Nevada Athletic Commission, United States. Injury incidence rates and rate ratios were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) and per 1000 minutes of exposure. The injury pattern was described using frequencies and proportions of injuries by anatomic region and type of injury. In addition, Poisson mixed-effects generalized linear modeling was used to examine the multivariate relationships between injury incidence rates and potential risk factors. The s le consisted of 481 unique fighters competing across 57 events, 976 AEs, 9562 minutes of exposure, and 380 injuries. The mean ± SD age of the fighters was 29.0 ± 5.3 years (range, 15-48 years). The overall injury incidence rates were 390.1 injuries (95% CI, 351.9-431.4) per 1000 AEs and 39.7 injuries (95% CI, 35.8-43.9) per 1000 minutes of exposure. The most commonly injured anatomic regions were the head (57.8%) and lower extremity (26.1%), while the most common types of injury were laceration (70.6%) and fracture (20.6%). Professional fighters were 2.5 times more likely to get injured compared with amateurs (rate ratio, 2.51 95% CI, 1.39-4.55), while defeated fighters were 3.5 times more likely to get injured compared with winners (rate ratio, 3.48 95% CI, 2.73-4.44). Injuries are frequent and often significant in kickboxing, and better injury surveillance is strongly recommended. The scarcity of good-quality epidemiological data in kickboxing, especially pertaining to the severity of injuries, underscores the urgent need for further research, whereupon evidence-informed sport safety and injury prevention policies can be developed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-06-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-12-2020
DOI: 10.3390/HEALTHCARE8040558
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted a wide range of health services. This study aimed to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on manual therapy service utilization within the Australian private healthcare setting during the first half of 2020. Quarterly data regarding the number and total cost of services provided were extracted for each manual therapy profession (i.e., chiropractic, osteopathy, and physiotherapy) for the period January 2015 to June 2020 from the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority. Time series forecasting methods were used to estimate absolute and relative differences between the forecasted and observed values of service utilization. An estimated 1.3 million (13.2%) fewer manual therapy services, with a total cost of AUD 84 million, were provided within the Australian private healthcare setting during the first half of 2020. Reduction in service utilization was considerably larger in the second quarter (21.7%) than in the first quarter (5.7%), and was larger in physiotherapy (20.6%) and osteopathy (12.7%) than in chiropractic (5.2%). The impact varied across states and territories, with the largest reductions in service utilization observed in New South Wales (17.5%), Australian Capital Territory (16.3%), and Victoria (16.2%). The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on manual therapy service utilization in Australia. The magnitude of the decline in service utilization varied considerably across professions and locations. The long-term consequences of this decline in manual therapy utilization remain to be determined.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2008.09.013
Abstract: This paper aims to review and collate the epidemiological data of injuries in competition taekwondo as reported in the literature, make recommendations, and suggest further research. The electronic databases AMED, AusportMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to March 2008. Fourteen prospective cohort studies reporting the incidence of injuries in taekwondo were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed trial quality using the STROBE statement. Homogenous studies were combined in a pooled analysis using a Poisson random effects regression model. Poisson regression showed an overall mean injury rate of 79.3 per 1000 athlete-exposures (95% confidence interval 22.8, 275.4). Neither age, gender nor level of play were significant in the analysis. The most common injury location and type were found to be the lower limb and contusion, respectively, and were invariably associated with contact. Although taekwondo players are exposed to a substantial risk of sustaining injuries, the majority of injuries appeared to be of minimal severity. Modifications to the competition rules and protective equipment may be warranted. Future studies should adhere to recommended operational definitions, utilise a standardised injury classification system, and report injury rates using multiple denominators in order to facilitate inter- and cross-sport comparisons.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-07-2022
DOI: 10.3390/TRAUMACARE2030033
Abstract: This retrospective cohort study aimed to examine the characteristics, incidence, temporal trends, and seasonality of paediatric injury-related Emergency Department (ED) presentations at a large metropolitan paediatric hospital. It included children aged ≤15 years who presented to the ED at The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Australia, with a principal diagnosis of injury during the ten-year period from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the cohort and the distribution of ED presentations by mode of arrival, triage category, discharge status, injury diagnosis. Negative binomial regression was used to examine percentage change in annual incidence. Seasonality was examined with Seasonal and Trend decomposition using Loess (STL). There were 134,484 (59.7% male children) paediatric injury-related ED presentations during the ten-year period, of which 23,224 (17.3%) were admitted to hospital. Head injury accounted for more than one-quarter (26.8%) of ED presentations. The average annual increase in incidence was more pronounced during the first five years (5.6% [95%CI 4.1% to 7.1%]) than in the last five years (0.8% [95%CI 0.2% to 1.5%]). The monthly incidence of ED presentations had a bimodal distribution with peaks during autumn (March–May) and spring (October–November) seasons. The mean number of ED presentations per day was higher on weekends (40.8 ± 0.3) than weekdays (35.3 ± 0.8). During 2010 to 2019, there was a significant increase in the annual incidence of injury-related ED presentations for children aged ≤15 years, with head injury accounting for more than one-quarter of the ED presentations. The incidence of paediatric injury-related ED presentations was higher during autumn and spring seasons and at weekends. These data will inform health resource planning and priority-setting and advocacy for child injury prevention strategies in Australia.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Reidar Lystad.