ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8318-9408
Current Organisations
National University of Singapore
,
Royal College of Radiologists
,
National University Health System
,
Australian National University
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In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics | Theoretical Physics | Atomic And Molecular Physics | Nanotechnology | Alloy Materials | Condensed Matter Physics—Electronic And Magnetic Properties; | Atomic and Molecular Physics | Atomic molecular and optical physics | Condensed Matter Physics | Nanotechnology | Lasers and Quantum Electronics | Lasers and quantum electronics | Atomic and molecular physics | Nonlinear optics and spectroscopy
Physical sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Metals (composites, coatings, bonding, etc.) | Scientific instrumentation |
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 03-04-2006
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 1999
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 07-04-2014
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-05-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-03-2006
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 12-06-2009
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 05-11-2007
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 13-02-2002
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 23-10-2018
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-02-1997
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 13-04-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 23-03-2007
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 18-10-2018
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 27-06-2002
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-12-2022
DOI: 10.1113/JP282249
Abstract: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is associated with developmental disruption of motor axons in ventral roots of the spinal cord alongside motor axon degeneration. The pathogenesis of peripheral axonal change during development is pertinent to understand treatment response. Nerve excitability techniques, stimulating the median motor nerve at the wrist, were utilised to investigate axonal change during neurodevelopment in 24 children with SMA, compared with 71 age‐matched controls. Longitudinal axonal response to nusinersen treatment in 18 children was also investigated. Significant differences in axonal development were noted in the youngest children with SMA, signified by reduced compound muscle action potential (CMAP) ( P = 0.030), higher axonal threshold ( P = 0.016), rheobase (minimal current litude of infinite duration, required to generate an action potential) ( P = 0.012) and greater changes in depolarising and hyperpolarising threshold electrotonus. Subexcitability increased in all children with SMA, compared to controls. With treatment, nerve excitability changes were observed prominently in young children, with increases in CMAP, reduction in axonal threshold, fanning‐in of threshold electrotonus, increase in resting current–threshold slope and reduction in subexcitability. Whilst motor axons continue to mature in SMA, developmental delays in passive and active membrane properties occur especially in early childhood. Concurrently, motor axons actively undergo degeneration. Nusinersen restores the developmental trajectory of motor axons reducing degeneration, especially in children with early treatment initiation. Our findings move the field forward in understanding the developmental aspect of childhood‐onset motor neurone diseases and changes in axonal function associated with disease modification. Pathomechanisms in spinal muscular atrophy involve concurrent neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative processes. The greatest delays in maturation of the passive and active properties of the peripheral motor axon are seen in early childhood. Nusinersen facilitates developmental recovery of the motor axon whilst also reducing neurodegeneration. Axonal dysfunction is reversed with SMN repletion particularly when intervention occurs early in development.
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 02-2012
DOI: 10.1139/H11-132
Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the impact of whey protein ingestion and resistance exercise training on the phosphorylation of mRNA translational signalling proteins in the skeletal muscle of young and old men. Methods: Sixteen healthy young (aged 18–25 years) and 15 healthy older men (aged 60–75 years) completed 12 weeks of resistance exercise and were randomly assigned to consume a whey protein (WPI) or placebo drink after each session. Muscle biopsies were collected before and 2 h after an acute exercise bout at the beginning and the end of training. Results: All subjects significantly increased strength after following strength training. Phosphorylation of mTOR was significantly greater in the WPI groups compared with placebo for both younger and older subjects. Phosphorylation of p70 S6K , eIF4G, and 4EBP1 was greater for older subjects consuming WPI. Phosphorylation of rpS6, eIF4G, and 4EBP1 tended to increase in the younger subjects that had consumed WPI. Post-training, younger subjects demonstrated a similar pattern of mTOR phosphorylation as seen pre-training. In contrast, the initial heightened phosphorylation of mTOR, p70 S6K , rpS6, and eIF4G in older muscle to combined resistance exercise and WPI ingestion became less pronounced after repeated training sessions. Conclusions: In the untrained state, resistance exercise coupled with WPI increases the phosphorylation of proteins involved in mRNA translation compared with exercise alone. Post-training, WPI- and exercise-induced protein phosphorylation was reduced in older men, but not in younger men. Thus, strategies to induce hypertrophy should utilize protein and resistance training concurrently. Further investigations should delineate interventions that will maintain sensitivity to anabolic stimuli in older populations.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 20-12-2007
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 27-05-2008
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1017/EHS.2020.6
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 26-02-2007
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 22-04-2008
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 30-03-2001
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 07-12-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 19-01-2023
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1017/EHS.2020.4
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 28-08-2007
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 08-12-2005
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 28-05-1998
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 08-12-2009
Publisher: Ubiquity Press, Ltd.
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.5334/JOAD.73
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-10-1997
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2009
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 17-06-2016
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 27-06-2019
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 10-05-2004
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 11-04-2007
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 10-11-2004
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 13-12-2000
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-04-2020
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 19-12-2002
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 03-08-2010
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-07-2020
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 27-12-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 14-08-2017
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 17-06-2019
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 20-12-2004
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 05-06-2019
DOI: 10.1136/ARCHDISCHILD-2018-314837
Abstract: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal-dominant neuromuscular disease with variable severity affecting all ages however, current care guidelines are adult-focused. The objective of the present study was to profile DM1 in childhood and propose a framework to guide paediatric-focused management. 40 children with DM1 (mean age 12.8 years range 2–19) were studied retrospectively for a total of 513 follow-up years at Sydney Children’s Hospital. 143 clinical parameters were recorded. The clinical spectrum of disease in childhood differs from adults, with congenital myotonic dystrophy (CDM1) having more severe health issues than childhood-onset/juvenile patients (JDM1). Substantial difficulties with intellectual (CDM1 25/26 96.2% JDM1 9/10, 90.0%), fine motor (CDM1 23/30, 76.6% JDM1 6/10, 60.0%), gastrointestinal (CDM1 17/30, 70.0% JDM1 3/10, 30.0%) and neuromuscular function (CDM1 30/30, 100.0% JDM1 25/30, 83.3%) were evident. The health consequences of DM1 in childhood are erse, highlighting the need for paediatric multidisciplinary management approaches that encompass key areas of cognition, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, respiratory, cardiac and sleep issues.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 11-11-2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-04-2019
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 06-03-2024
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1991
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 03-10-2016
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 23-04-2001
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-10-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-022-21549-X
Abstract: We combine IR pump and XUV probe laser pulses to visualize the Kramers–Henneberger (KH) state of the potassium atom. We demonstrate that ionization of such an atom exhibits some molecular-like features such as low order interference maxima in photoelectron momentum spectra. The locations of these maxima allow to estimate spatial dimensions of the KH atom and can be used for accurate calibration of high intensity laser fields. At the same time, we show that an analogy between the KH atom and a homo-nuclear diatomic molecule cannot be extended too far. In particular, higher order interference maxima are very difficult to observe in the case of the KH state. We attribute this to a particular structure of the KH potential which does not confine electron motion to a well-defined potential well unlike in real diatomic molecules.
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 05-2006
DOI: 10.1152/AJPENDO.00299.2005
Abstract: Skeletal muscle displays enormous plasticity to respond to contractile activity with muscle from strength- (ST) and endurance-trained (ET) athletes representing erse states of the adaptation continuum. Training adaptation can be viewed as the accumulation of specific proteins. Hence, the altered gene expression that allows for changes in protein concentration is of major importance for any training adaptation. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to quantify acute subcellular responses in muscle to habitual and unfamiliar exercise. After 24-h diet/exercise control, 13 male subjects (7 ST and 6 ET) performed a random order of either resistance (8 × 5 maximal leg extensions) or endurance exercise (1 h of cycling at 70% peak O 2 uptake). Muscle biopsies were taken from vastus lateralis at rest and 3 h after exercise. Gene expression was analyzed using real-time PCR with changes normalized relative to preexercise values. After cycling exercise, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (ET ∼8.5-fold, ST ∼10-fold, P 0.001), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4 ET ∼26-fold, ST ∼39-fold), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF ET ∼4.5-fold, ST ∼4-fold), and muscle atrophy F-box protein (MAFbx) (ET ∼2-fold, ST ∼0.4-fold) mRNA increased in both groups, whereas MyoD (∼3-fold), myogenin (∼0.9-fold), and myostatin (∼2-fold) mRNA increased in ET but not in ST ( P 0.05). After resistance exercise PDK-4 (∼7-fold, P 0.01) and MyoD (∼0.7-fold) increased, whereas MAFbx (∼0.7-fold) and myostatin (∼0.6-fold) decreased in ET but not in ST. We conclude that prior training history can modify the acute gene responses in skeletal muscle to subsequent exercise.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 03-10-2014
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 14-07-2005
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-08-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S41826-023-00072-6
Abstract: Domestic animal usage remains a key problem in understanding Japan’s premodern economy. Assumptions that religious and other cultural proscriptions limited the use of domesticated animals, and the consumption of meat in particular, from Late Antiquity until Westernisation in the nineteenth century remain widespread. However, the zooarchaeological record from historic Japan is patchy and the scholarly literature often uncritically reproduces state-centred ideas about agriculture and the economy. In this essay we critically review the ways in which historical and zooarchaeological studies of animal usage in premodern Japan have been impacted by broader cultural discourses. We examine animal usage from the Bronze Age to the eve of modernisation, broadly 1000 BC to AD 1850, in terms of a tension or dialectic between promotion and restriction by the state and other authorities. While the utilisation of animals for warfare and official transport was more closely controlled, other uses reflected a complex and often international political ecology that requires further analysis by zooarchaeologists.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 09-08-2005
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2029
DOI: 10.1093/JOLE/LZY008
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 21-01-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1995
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-02-1998
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 20-04-2020
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-07-1997
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 03-08-1999
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-05-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41586-023-06034-3
Abstract: Critical illness in COVID-19 is an extreme and clinically homogeneous disease phenotype that we have previously shown 1 to be highly efficient for discovery of genetic associations 2 . Despite the advanced stage of illness at presentation, we have shown that host genetics in patients who are critically ill with COVID-19 can identify immunomodulatory therapies with strong beneficial effects in this group 3 . Here we analyse 24,202 cases of COVID-19 with critical illness comprising a combination of microarray genotype and whole-genome sequencing data from cases of critical illness in the international GenOMICC (11,440 cases) study, combined with other studies recruiting hospitalized patients with a strong focus on severe and critical disease: ISARIC4C (676 cases) and the SCOURGE consortium (5,934 cases). To put these results in the context of existing work, we conduct a meta-analysis of the new GenOMICC genome-wide association study (GWAS) results with previously published data. We find 49 genome-wide significant associations, of which 16 have not been reported previously. To investigate the therapeutic implications of these findings, we infer the structural consequences of protein-coding variants, and combine our GWAS results with gene expression data using a monocyte transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) model, as well as gene and protein expression using Mendelian randomization. We identify potentially druggable targets in multiple systems, including inflammatory signalling ( JAK1 ), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability ( PDE4A ), immunometabolism ( SLC2A5 and AK5 ), and host factors required for viral entry and replication ( TMPRSS2 and RAB2A ).
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 19-08-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1002/AJH.20350
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 1999
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-020-16557-2
Abstract: Northern China harbored the world’s earliest complex societies based on millet farming, in two major centers in the Yellow (YR) and West Liao (WLR) River basins. Until now, their genetic histories have remained largely unknown. Here we present 55 ancient genomes dating to 7500-1700 BP from the YR, WLR, and Amur River (AR) regions. Contrary to the genetic stability in the AR, the YR and WLR genetic profiles substantially changed over time. The YR populations show a monotonic increase over time in their genetic affinity with present-day southern Chinese and Southeast Asians. In the WLR, intensification of farming in the Late Neolithic is correlated with increased YR affinity while the inclusion of a pastoral economy in the Bronze Age was correlated with increased AR affinity. Our results suggest a link between changes in subsistence strategy and human migration, and fuel the debate about archaeolinguistic signatures of past human migration.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-03-2022
DOI: 10.1057/S41599-022-01094-8
Abstract: Although many scholars date the onset of the Anthropocene to the Industrial Revolution or the post-1945 ‘Great Acceleration’, there is growing interest in understanding earlier human impacts on the earth system. Research on the ‘Palaeoanthropocene’ has investigated the role of fire, agriculture, trade, urbanisation and other anthropogenic impacts. While there is increasing consensus that such impacts were more important than previously realised, geographical variation during the Palaeoanthropocene remains poorly understood. Here, we present a preliminary comparative analysis of claims that pre-industrial anthropogenic impacts in Japan were significantly reduced by four factors: the late arrival of agriculture, an emphasis on wet-rice farming limited to alluvial plains, a reliance on seafood rather than domesticated animals as a primary source of dietary protein, and cultural ideologies of environmental stewardship. We find that none of these claims of Japanese exceptionalism can be supported by the archaeological and historical records. We make some suggestions for further research but conclude that the Japanese sequence appears consistent with global trends towards increased anthropogenic impacts over the course of the Palaeoanthropocene.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 27-02-2006
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 16-02-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-04-2006
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 03-12-2014
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 05-01-2023
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 05-2018
Publisher: Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 30-06-2008
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-02-2022
Abstract: The convergent close-coupling (CCC) method was initially developed to describe electron scattering on atomic hydrogen and the hydrogenic ions such as He+. The latter allows implementation of double photoionization (DPI) of the helium atom. For more complex single valence-electron atomic and ionic targets, the direct and exchange interaction with the inner electron core needs to be taken into account. For this purpose, the Hartree-Fock (HF) computer codes developed in the group of Miron Amusia have been adapted. In this brief review article, we demonstrate the utility of the HF technique by ex les of electron scattering on Li and the DPI of the H− and Li− ions. We also discuss that modern-day computer infrastructure allows the associated CCC code, and others, to be readily run directly via the Atomic, Molecular and Optical Science Gateway.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 08-1996
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 24-01-2022
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 08-07-2004
DOI: 10.1152/PHYSIOLGENOMICS.00067.2004
Abstract: Studies examining gene expression with RT-PCR typically normalize their mRNA data to a constitutively expressed housekeeping gene. The validity of a particular housekeeping gene must be determined for each experimental intervention. We examined the expression of various housekeeping genes following an acute bout of endurance (END) or resistance (RES) exercise. Twenty-four healthy subjects performed either a interval-type cycle ergometry workout to exhaustion (∼75 min END) or 300 single-leg eccentric contractions (RES). Muscle biopsies were taken before exercise and 3 h and 48 h following exercise. Real-time RT-PCR was performed on β-actin, cyclophilin (CYC), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and β2-microglobulin (β2M). In a second study, 10 healthy subjects performed 90 min of cycle ergometry at ∼65% of V̇o 2 max , and we examined a fifth housekeeping gene, 28S rRNA, and reexamined β2M, from muscle biopsy s les taken immediately postexercise. We showed that CYC increased 48 h following both END and RES exercise (3- and 5-fold, respectively P 0.01), and 28S rRNA increased immediately following END exercise (2-fold P = 0.02). β-Actin trended toward an increase following END exercise (1.85-fold collapsed across time P = 0.13), and GAPDH trended toward a small yet robust increase at 3 h following RES exercise (1.4-fold P = 0.067). In contrast, β2M was not altered at any time point postexercise. We conclude that β2M and β-actin are the most stably expressed housekeeping genes in skeletal muscle following RES exercise, whereas β2M and GAPDH are the most stably expressed following END exercise.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 02-03-2018
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 15-09-2011
DOI: 10.1364/OL.36.003660
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 27-04-2001
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1113/JP283017
Abstract: We investigated whether digoxin lowered muscle Na + ,K + ‐ATPase (NKA), impaired muscle performance and exacerbated exercise K + disturbances. Ten healthy adults ingested digoxin (0.25 mg DIG) or placebo (CON) for 14 days and performed quadriceps strength and fatiguability, finger flexion (FF, 105% peak‐workrate , 3 × 1 min, fourth bout to fatigue) and leg cycling (LC, 10 min at 33% and 67% , 90% to fatigue) trials using a double‐blind, crossover, randomised, counter‐balanced design. Arterial (a) and antecubital venous (v) blood was s led (FF, LC) and muscle biopsied (LC, rest, 67% , fatigue, 3 h after exercise). In DIG, in resting muscle, [ 3 H]‐ouabain binding site content (OB‐F ab ) was unchanged however, bound‐digoxin removal with Digibind revealed total ouabain binding (OB+F ab ) increased (8.2%, P = 0.047), indicating 7.6% NKA–digoxin occupancy. Quadriceps muscle strength declined in DIG (−4.3%, P = 0.010) but fatiguability was unchanged. During LC, in DIG (main effects), time to fatigue and [K + ] a were unchanged, whilst [K + ] v was lower ( P = 0.042) and [K + ] a‐v greater ( P = 0.004) than in CON with exercise (main effects), muscle OB‐F ab was increased at 67% (per wet‐weight, P = 0.005 per protein P = 0.001) and at fatigue (per protein, P = 0.003), whilst [K + ] a , [K + ] v and [K + ] a‐v were each increased at fatigue ( P = 0.001). During FF, in DIG (main effects), time to fatigue, [K + ] a , [K + ] v and [K + ] a‐v were unchanged with exercise (main effects), plasma [K + ] a , [K + ] v , [K + ] a‐v and muscle K + efflux were all increased at fatigue ( P = 0.001). Thus, muscle strength declined, but functional muscle NKA content was preserved during DIG, despite elevated plasma digoxin and muscle NKA–digoxin occupancy, with K + disturbances and fatiguability unchanged. image The Na + ,K + ‐ATPase (NKA) is vital in regulating skeletal muscle extracellular potassium concentration ([K + ]), excitability and plasma [K + ] and thereby also in modulating fatigue during intense contractions. NKA is inhibited by digoxin, which in cardiac patients lowers muscle functional NKA content ([ 3 H]‐ouabain binding) and exacerbates K + disturbances during exercise. In healthy adults, we found that digoxin at clinical levels surprisingly did not reduce functional muscle NKA content, whilst digoxin removal by Digibind antibody revealed an ∼8% increased muscle total NKA content. Accordingly, digoxin did not exacerbate arterial plasma [K + ] disturbances or worsen fatigue during intense exercise, although quadriceps muscle strength was reduced. Thus, digoxin treatment in healthy participants elevated serum digoxin, but muscle functional NKA content was preserved, whilst K + disturbances and fatigue with intense exercise were unchanged. This resilience to digoxin NKA inhibition is consistent with the importance of NKA in preserving K + regulation and muscle function.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1998
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 11-01-2000
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 16-03-2018
Abstract: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating motor neuron disorder causing progressive muscle weakness and respiratory insufficiency. We present the initial Australian experiences implementing the expanded access programme (EAP) to enable preapproval access to nusinersen, the first disease-modifying therapy, for SMA type 1. An Australian multicentre, open-label EAP for nusinersen enrolled patients with infantile-onset SMA type 1 from November 2016 to September 2017. Standard-of-care medical therapy and treatment with intrathecal nusinersen were provided to all patients. Clinical and diagnostic characteristics, molecular genetics, treatment administered, and functional motor outcomes were assessed. A total of 20 patients with SMA type 1 met the inclusion criteria, of whom 16 consented and received nusinersen treatment. Median time to diagnosis from symptom onset was 5.0 months and was correlated with age of onset (r=0.54, P .05). Management shifts included proactive nutritional and pulmonary support in all newly diagnosed patients with increased complexity of decision making. Supplemental nutrition with or without nocturnal non-invasive ventilation was implemented during follow-up in new diagnoses with age of onset months and 2 SMN2 copies. The nusinersen EAP highlights difficulties in achieving early diagnosis and/or prevention, the evolution of optimal clinical care in a time of uncertain prognostication, resource implications and ethical issues in clinical practice for SMA type 1. These challenges are broadly relevant to the realisation of all novel therapeutics in neurological disorders.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 07-03-2013
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 14-01-2019
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-01-1998
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1995
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-12-2011
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 04-2007
DOI: 10.1152/JAPPLPHYSIOL.01147.2006
Abstract: The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been identified as a mediator of cytokine signaling and implicated in hypertrophy however, the importance of this pathway following resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle has not been investigated. In the present study, the phosphorylation and nuclear localization of STAT3, together with STAT3-regulated genes, were measured in the early recovery period following intense resistance exercise. Muscle biopsy s les from healthy subjects (7 males, 23.0 + 0.9 yr) were harvested before and again at 2, 4, and 24 h into recovery following a single bout of maximal leg extension exercise (3 sets, 12 repetitions). Rapid and transient activation of phosphorylated (tyrosine 705) STAT3 was observed at 2 h postexercise. STAT3 phosphorylation paralleled the transient localization of STAT3 to the nucleus, which also peaked at 2 h postexercise. Downstream transcriptional events regulated by STAT3 activation peaked at 2 h postexercise, including early responsive genes c-FOS (800-fold), JUNB (38-fold), and c-MYC (140-fold) at 2 h postexercise. A delayed peak in VEGF (4-fold) was measured 4 h postexercise. Finally, genes associated with modulating STAT3 signaling were also increased following exercise, including the negative regulator SOCS3 (60-fold). Thus, following a single bout of intense resistance exercise, a rapid phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3 are evident in human skeletal muscle. These data suggest that STAT3 signaling is an important common element and may contribute to the remodeling and adaptation of skeletal muscle following resistance exercise.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 02-07-2013
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 04-1998
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-12-2021
DOI: 10.1111/DMCN.15135
Abstract: To understand the factors that most influence decision‐making in the treatment of infantile spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). A discrete choice experiment was conducted among parents of people with SMA (parents), healthcare professionals (HCPs), and members of the Australian general population (GenPop). Respondents were asked to accept/reject treatment for an infant newly diagnosed with SMA in eight hypothetical scenarios, characterized by different combinations of the attributes of the treatment offered. The results were analyzed using probability analysis. Completed responses were provided from 1113 in iduals (1024 GenPop, 21 parents, 68 HCPs). Respondents were more likely to accept treatments that improved functioning and mobility. Treatments with higher costs, invasive delivery, and risks of adverse events were accepted less often. Cost most affected treatment choices by HCPs and GenPop, while change in mobility and mode of administration were most influential for parents. These results highlight the importance of understanding value for money and clinical impact in affecting treatment choice, which are crucial for effective planning of healthcare and the successful implementation of treatment programmes for SMA. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) treatments with a higher chance of improving functioning and mobility are preferred by the general population, parents, and healthcare professionals. Treatments with higher costs, invasive delivery, and risk of adverse events are less preferred. Willingness to pay for SMA treatments increases with impact on functioning.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-06-2016
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 10-02-2012
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-03-1998
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 10-1998
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-09-1995
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 08-12-2014
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 07-10-2021
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-08-1994
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1136/JNNP-2019-ANZAN.9
Abstract: Mutations in SCN1A encoding the Na v 1.1 subunit of the neuronal sodium channel underlie the devastating epilepsy of Dravet’s syndrome. 1 The mechanism by which Na v 1.1 dysfunction causes seizures is not clear. In vitro and in silico channel evaluation can support mutation pathogenicity but cannot define the in vivo impact of channel dysfunction. Axonal excitability studies can show the pattern of single-channel dysfunction in disorders where the channel is peripherally expressed. 2 This study was undertaken to determine whether axonal excitability studies could detect changes in Dravet’s patients related to the condition or due to medication effect. Patients with Dravet’s syndrome were recruited from clinics in Sydney and Melbourne and axonal excitability studies were performed. Excitability results were analysed in 3 age groups and compared to age-matched normal controls. Twenty six patients (ages 2–46) were studied. Findings were most pronounced in patients aged 20–46 (n=7) with 6.9% greater increase in threshold during hyperpolarization(p=0.1), 7.6% greater threshold decrease on depolarization(p=0.005) and, in the recovery cycle, 19.7% reduction in superexcitability(p=0.002) and 26% reduction in subexcitability(p=0.03). Axonal excitability studies resembled previously published changes seen in patients with sodium channel blockade caused by acute tetrodotoxin poisoning. 3 Changes in excitability of axonal membrane in Dravet’s syndrome are consistent with a decrease in sodium channel function. As the affected channel in Dravet’s syndrome is not peripherally expressed, the effect seen is likely due to the heavy anticonvulsant regime required to control epilepsy, combined with a progressive loss of sodium channel function that occurs with age. Meisler MH, O’Brien JE, Sharkey LM. Sodium channel gene family: epilepsy mutations, gene interactions and modifier effects. J Physiol 2010 :1841–1848. Tomlinson SE, Howells J, Burke D. In vivo assessment of neurological channelopathies: Application of peripheral nerve excitability studies. Neuropharmacology . 2018 Apr :98–107. Kiernan MC, Isbister GK, Lin CS, Burke D, Bostock H. Acute tetrodotoxin-induced neurotoxicity after ingestion of puffer fish. Ann Neurol 2005 :339–48.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-02-2017
DOI: 10.1002/ANA.24864
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 08-03-2005
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-12-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-017-02437-9
Abstract: The toolbox for imaging molecules is well-equipped today. Some techniques visualize the geometrical structure, others the electron density or electron orbitals. Molecules are many-body systems for which the correlation between the constituents is decisive and the spatial and the momentum distribution of one electron depends on those of the other electrons and the nuclei. Such correlations have escaped direct observation by imaging techniques so far. Here, we implement an imaging scheme which visualizes correlations between electrons by coincident detection of the reaction fragments after high energy photofragmentation. With this technique, we examine the H 2 two-electron wave function in which electron–electron correlation beyond the mean-field level is prominent. We visualize the dependence of the wave function on the internuclear distance. High energy photoelectrons are shown to be a powerful tool for molecular imaging. Our study paves the way for future time resolved correlation imaging at FELs and laser based X-ray sources.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-06-1985
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 08-03-2005
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 25-07-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1991
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-01-2016
DOI: 10.1038/SREP19002
Abstract: We study transverse electron momentum distribution in strong field atomic ionization driven by laser pulses with varying ellipticity. We show, both experimentally and theoretically, that the transverse electron momentum distribution in the tunneling and over the barrier ionization regimes evolves in a qualitatively different way when the ellipticity parameter describing polarization state of the driving laser pulse increases.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 23-01-2023
Abstract: We study orientation and two-center interference effects in attosecond time-resolved photoionization of the H 2 molecule. Time resolution of extreme-ultraviolet ionization of H 2 is gained through the phase retrieval capability of attosecond angular streaking demonstrated earlier by Kheifets et al (2022 Phys. Rev. A 106 033106). Once applied to H 2 , this technique delivers an anisotropic phase and time delay which both depend sensitively on the molecular axis orientation. In addition, the photoelectron momentum distribution displays a very clear two-center interference pattern. When the interference formula of Walter and Briggs (1999 J. Phys. B 32 2487) is applied, an effective photoelectron momentum appears to be greater than the asymptotic momentum at the detector. This effect is explained by a molecular potential well surrounding the photoemission center.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-11-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-021-00818-1
Abstract: We study propagation effects due to the finite speed of light in ionization of extended molecular systems. We present a general quantitative theory of these effects and show under which conditions such effects should appear. The finite speed of light propagation effects are encoded in the non-dipole terms of the time-dependent Shrödinger equation and display themselves in the photoelectron momentum distribution projected on the molecular axis. Our numerical modeling for the $$\\hbox {H}_{2}^{+}$$ H 2 + molecular ion and the $$\\hbox {Ne}_2$$ Ne 2 dimer shows that the finite light propagation time from one atomic center to another can be accurately determined in a table top laser experiment which is much more readily accessible than the ground breaking synchrotron measurement by Grundmann et al. (Science 370:339, 2020).
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 05-08-2003
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 20-02-2013
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 31-05-2012
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 08-03-2005
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1159/000095354
Abstract: i Background: /i Skeletal muscle mass is governed by multiple IGF-1-sensitive positive regulators of muscle-specific protein synthesis (myogenic regulatory factors which includes myoD, myogenin and Myf5) and negative regulators, including the atrogenic proteins myostatin, atrogin-1 and muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF-1). The coordinated control of these myogenic and atrogenic factors in human skeletal muscle following short-term fasting is currently unknown. i Method: /i Healthy adults (n = 6, age 27.6 years) undertook a 40-hour fast. Skeletal muscle biopsy (vastus lateralis) and venous blood s les were taken 3, 15 and 40 h into the fast after an initial standard high-carbohydrate meal. Gene expression of the myogenic regulator factors (myoD, myogenin and Myf5) and the atrogenic factors (myostatin, atrogin-1 and MuRF-1) were determined by real-time PCR analysis. Plasma myostatin and IGF-1 were determined by ELISA. i Results: /i There were no significant alterations in either the positive or negative regulators of muscle mass at either 15 or 40 h, when compared to gene expression measured 3 h after a meal. Similarly, plasma myostatin and IGF-1 were also unaltered at these times. i Conclusions: /i Unlike previous observations in catabolic and cachexic diseased states, short-term fasting (40 h) fails to elicit marked alteration of the genes regulating both muscle-specific protein synthesis or atrophy. Greater periods of fasting may be required to initiate coordinated inhibition of myogenic and atrogenic gene expression.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 16-06-2009
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 21-01-2021
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 23-07-2003
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 2004
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 13-09-2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-01-2023
Abstract: The late Professor Miron Amusia was a key figure in theoretical atomic physics on the international stage for more than five decades [...]
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 09-12-2016
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-10-1985
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 14-12-2002
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-12-2009
DOI: 10.3390/NU1020263
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 22-02-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1990
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 09-07-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-05-2015
DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS3340
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-12-2005
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 14-04-2005
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 17-06-2022
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 05-09-2014
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 18-05-2015
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 08-06-2018
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 23-10-2000
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 09-01-1995
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 06-03-2020
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 05-2003
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-09-2022
Abstract: Amusia and Kheifets in 1984 introduced a Green’s function formalism to describe the effect of many-electron correlation on the ionization spectra of atoms. Here, we exploit this formalism to model the shake-off (SO) process, leading to the non-sequential single-photon two-electron ionization (double photoionization—DPI) of closed-shell atomic targets. We separate the SO process from another knock-out (KO) mechanism of DPI and show the SO prevalence away from the DPI threshold. We use this kinematic regime to validate our model by making a comparison with more elaborate techniques, such as convergent and time-dependent close coupling. We also use our model to evaluate the attosecond time delay associated with the SO process. Typically, the SO is very fast, taking only a few attoseconds to complete. However, it can take much longer in the DPI of strongly correlated systems, such as the H− ion as well as the subvalent shells of the Ar and Xe atoms and Cl− ion.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.1093/SLEEPADVANCES/ZPAC029.121
Abstract: We are undertaking a multicentre randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of including a sleep study (polysomnography, PSG) to assist the commencement of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in people with motor neurone disease (MND) the PSG4NIVinMND trial. A process evaluation will be conducted alongside the clinical trial. The aim of the process evaluation is to understand: 1) the implementation of the PSG4NIVinMND intervention in the seven trial sites, including the barriers and enablers and 2) the causal mechanisms through which the PSG4NIVinMND intervention produces change. The process evaluation has a mixed-methods design, comprising qualitative and quantitative components, and is guided by two theoretical frameworks: RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance) and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Qualitative data include semi-structured interviews with clinical trial participants (people with MND) and their carers, and focus groups and surveys with health professionals involved in delivering the intervention. Quantitative process data will also be collected from the clinical trial. Data will be analysed iteratively throughout the trial. Six of the seven sites have commenced recruitment to the PSG4NIVinMND trial. Baseline focus groups and surveys have been completed with health professionals from these sites. Data collection and analysis will continue until the PSG4NIVinMND trial has concluded. This process evaluation will provide valuable insights into how the PSG4NIVinMND intervention was implemented in the trial sites, for whom and how the PSG4NIVinMND intervention was (and was not) effective, and how it could be implemented into routine clinical practice.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 19-10-2000
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2002
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 23-03-2004
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-08-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-03-2009
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 27-03-2001
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 03-12-2014
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 19-08-2022
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 30-07-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 16-06-2011
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 12-1998
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2007
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 20-06-2013
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 28-02-1995
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 16-06-2003
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-09-2021
DOI: 10.3390/ATOMS9030066
Abstract: The process of reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions (RABBITT) reveals the target atom electronic structure when one of the transitions proceeds from below the ionization threshold. Such an under-threshold RABBITT resonates with the target bound states and thus maps faithfully the discrete energy levels and the corresponding oscillator strengths. We demonstrate this sensitivity by considering the Ne atom driven by the combination of the XUV and IR pulses at the fundmanetal laser frequency in the 800 and 1000 nm ranges.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 05-06-2007
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-10-1993
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-12-1996
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 23-11-1998
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 26-02-2008
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 07-10-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.05.510045
Abstract: In a recent study we used an interdisciplinary approach combining linguistics, archaeology and genetics to analyse the Transeurasian languages 1 . Our analysis concluded that the early dispersals of these languages were driven by agriculture. A preprint published on this server presents objections to the Transeurasian hypothesis and its association with farming dispersals 2 . However, close inspection of that text reveals numerous misinterpretations and inconsistencies. In the interest of furthering scientific debate over Transeurasian language and population history, we address the critiques, revising datasets and fine-tuning approaches. The linguistic critique questions the quantity and quality of our datasets. Here we show that the number of surviving cognate sets for Transeurasian is in line with that for well-established language families. In addition, we find that Tian et al.’s failure to reject a core of regularly corresponding cognates in the basic vocabulary creates ground for a consensus about the genealogical relatability of the Transeurasian languages. The archaeological critique attempts a re-analysis of one Bayesian test using re-scored data only for northern China. Over half of the suggested re-scorings contain inconsistencies and it is not explained why the re-analysis retains the original data for sites outside northern China, comprising almost 60% of the total. More importantly, the sweeping claim that there is no evidence supporting the prehistoric migrations analysed in our study is not backed by any discussion of the archaeological record. With respect to genetics, the preprint claims a re-analysis showing that the data ‘do not conclusively support the farming-driven dispersal of Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic, nor the two-wave spread of farming to Korea.’ In fact, the only genetic re-analysis presented is limited to s les from Korea and Japan and does not contradict our original conservative modelling of Neolithic in iduals with Hongshan and our Bronze Age ones with Upper Xiajiadian. In sum, in bringing multiple lines of evidence together through triangulation, we gained a more balanced and richer understanding of Transeurasian dispersals than each discipline could provide in idually. Our research doubtless leaves room for improvement but we remain confident that triangulation did not ‘fail’, but rather brought us a step closer to understanding the history of the Transeurasian languages.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-11-1995
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 22-06-2018
Abstract: Until about a decade ago, laser-induced ionization was considered instantaneous. Since then, applications of attosecond laser pulses have shown multiple subtle and complex factors that influence the precise timing of electron ejection from atoms and surfaces. Vos et al. measured the corresponding attosecond dynamics of dissociative photoionization in a diatomic molecule, carbon monoxide. By imaging the charged fragments, the timing could be correlated with the specific spatial portion of the molecule from which the electron wave packet emerged. Science , this issue p. 1326
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 08-1992
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 20-04-2004
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-08-1994
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-05-2011
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 28-07-1997
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 06-06-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2011
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 27-07-2009
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 14-11-2000
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 09-11-2017
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 19-02-2013
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 08-04-2019
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 16-05-2003
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-12-1998
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 04-2007
DOI: 10.1152/JAPPLPHYSIOL.01260.2006
Abstract: To determine whether preexercise muscle glycogen content influences the transcription of several early-response genes involved in the regulation of muscle growth, seven male strength-trained subjects performed one-legged cycling exercise to exhaustion to lower muscle glycogen levels (Low) in one leg compared with the leg with normal muscle glycogen (Norm) and then the following day completed a unilateral bout of resistance training (RT). Muscle biopsies from both legs were taken at rest, immediately after RT, and after 3 h of recovery. Resting glycogen content was higher in the control leg (Norm leg) than in the Low leg (435 ± 87 vs. 193 ± 29 mmol/kg dry wt P 0.01). RT decreased glycogen content in both legs ( P 0.05), but postexercise values remained significantly higher in the Norm than the Low leg (312 ± 129 vs. 102 ± 34 mmol/kg dry wt P 0.01). GLUT4 (3-fold P 0.01) and glycogenin mRNA abundance (2.5-fold not significant) were elevated at rest in the Norm leg, but such differences were abolished after exercise. Preexercise mRNA abundance of atrogenes was also higher in the Norm compared with the Low leg [atrogin: ∼14-fold, P 0.01 RING (really interesting novel gene) finger: ∼3-fold, P 0.05] but decreased for atrogin in Norm following RT ( P 0.05). There were no differences in the mRNA abundance of myogenic regulatory factors and IGF-I in the Norm compared with the Low leg. Our results demonstrate that 1) low muscle glycogen content has variable effects on the basal transcription of select metabolic and myogenic genes at rest, and 2) any differences in basal transcription are completely abolished after a single bout of heavy resistance training. We conclude that commencing resistance exercise with low muscle glycogen does not enhance the activity of genes implicated in promoting hypertrophy.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2005
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 16-02-2011
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 27-08-1999
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 14-08-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1996
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 04-02-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1982
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 12-05-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-04-2020
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-07-1993
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1017/EHS.2020.49
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 07-02-2005
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 19-10-2018
DOI: 10.1364/OE.26.028604
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-03-2006
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 26-11-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 27-02-2023
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 12-1994
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 02-11-2017
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-08-2012
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-01-1994
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2004
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 28-02-2006
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 07-2002
DOI: 10.1152/AJPENDO.00475.2001
Abstract: The effects of a single bout of exercise and exercise training on the expression of genes necessary for the transport and β-oxidation of fatty acids (FA), together with the gene expression of transcription factors implicated in the regulation of FA homeostasis were investigated. Seven human subjects (3 male, 4 female, 28.9 ± 3.1 yr of age, range 20–42 yr, body mass index 22.6 kg/m 2 , range 17–26 kg/m 2 ) underwent a 9-day exercise training program of 60 min cycling per day at 63% peak oxygen uptake (V˙o 2 peak 104 ± 14 W). On days 1 and 9 of the program, muscle biopsies were s led from the vastus lateralis muscle at rest, at the completion of exercise, and again 3 h postexercise. Gene expression of key components of FA transport [FA translocase (FAT/CD36), plasma membrane-associated FA-binding protein], β-oxidation [carntine palmitoyltransferase(CPT) I, β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase] and transcriptional control [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α, PPARγ, PPARγ coactivator 1, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c] were unaltered by exercise when measured at the completion and at 3 h postexercise. Training increased total lipid oxidation by 24% ( P 0.05) for the 1-h cycling bout. This increased capacity for lipid oxidation was accompanied by an increased expression of FAT/CD36 and CPT I mRNA. Similarly, FAT/CD36 protein abundance was also upregulated by exercise training. We conclude that enhanced fat oxidation after exercise training is most closely associated with the genes involved in regulating FA uptake across the plasma membrane (FAT/CD36) and across the mitochondrial membrane (CPT I).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2006
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-04-1999
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 11-07-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-03-2023
Abstract: The Prunus genus contains many of the most economically significant arboreal crops, cultivated globally, today. Despite the economic significance of these domesticated species, the pre-cultivation ranges, processes of domestication, and routes of prehistoric dispersal for all of the economically significant species remain unresolved. Among the European plums, even the taxonomic classification has been heavily debated over the past several decades. In this manuscript, we compile archaeobotanical evidence for the most prominent large-fruiting members of Prunus, including peach, apricot, almonds, sloes, and the main plum types. By mapping out the chronology and geographic distributions of these species, we are able to discuss aspects of their domestication and dispersal more clearly, as well as identify gaps in the data and unanswered questions. We suggest that a clearer understanding of these processes will say a lot about ancient peoples, as the cultivation of delayed return crops is an indicator of a strong concept of land tenure and the specialization of these cultivation strategies seems to be tied to urbanism and reliable markets. Likewise, the evolution of domestication traits in long-generation perennials, especially within Rosaceae, represents awareness of grafting and cloning practices.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 02-08-2001
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 28-12-2015
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 30-07-2002
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 08-2008
Abstract: Activation of the transcription factor signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 3 is common to many inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, with recent evidence of involvement in skeletal muscle regeneration. The purpose of this study was to determine whether STAT3 signaling activation is regulated differentially, at rest and following intense resistance exercise, in aged human skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle biopsies were harvested from healthy younger (n = 11, 20.4 +/- 0.8 years) and older men (n = 10, 67.4 +/- 1.3 years) under resting conditions and 2 h after the completion of resistance exercise. No differences were evident at rest, whereas the phosphorylation of STAT3 was significantly increased in old (23-fold) compared to young (5-fold) subjects after exercise. This correlated with significantly higher induction of the STAT3 target genes including interleukin-6 (IL-6), JUNB, c-MYC, and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 3 mRNA in older subjects following exercise. Despite increased SOCS3 mRNA, cellular protein abundance was suppressed. SOCS3 protein is an important negative regulator of STAT3 activation and cytokine signaling. Thus, in aged human muscle, elevated responsiveness of the STAT3 signaling pathway and suppressed SOCS3 protein are evident following resistance exercise. These data suggest that enhanced STAT3 signaling responsiveness to proinflammatory factors may impact on mechanisms of muscle repair and regeneration.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1524/ZPCH.2001.215.10.1323
Abstract: Electron momentum spectroscopy (EMS) gives direct information of the full energy-resolved electron momentum densities of occupied states (bands) in solids – single crystal, polycrystalline or amorphous. Here we present data from a new high energy EMS spectrometer using 50 keV incident and 25 keV outgoing electrons, on polycrystalline specimens of aluminium, copper and gold. The spectral momentum densities show very significant electron-electron correlation effects which are in good agreement with many-body Green´s function calculations.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 11-05-2007
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 27-12-2021
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 07-04-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2003
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 09-03-2020
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 15-10-1999
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 29-09-2021
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 22-05-2013
Publisher: Bioscientifica
Date: 08-2003
Abstract: This study examined the actions of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) and progesterone on the regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARalpha and PPARgamma) family of nuclear transcription factors and the mRNA abundance of key enzymes involved in fat oxidation, in skeletal muscle. Specifically, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I), beta-3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (beta-HAD), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) were examined. Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and treated with placebo (Ovx), E(2), progesterone, or both hormones in combination (E+P). Additionally, sham-operated rats were treated with placebo (Sham) to serve as controls. Hormone (or vehicle only) delivery was via time release pellets inserted at the time of surgery, 15 days prior to analysis. E(2) treatment increased PPARalpha mRNA expression and protein content (P .05), compared with Ovx treatment. E(2) also resulted in upregulated mRNA of CPT I and PDK4 (P .05). PPARgamma mRNA expression was also increased (P .05) by E(2) treatment, although protein content remained unaltered. These data demonstrate the novel regulation of E(2) on PPARalpha and genes encoding key proteins that are pivotal in regulating skeletal muscle lipid oxidative flux.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-01-2002
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 23-07-2001
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1155/2017/6509493
Abstract: Paediatric motor neuron diseases encompass a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterised by the onset of muscle weakness and atrophy before the age of 18 years, attributable to motor neuron loss across various neuronal networks in the brain and spinal cord. While the genetic underpinnings are erse, advances in next generation sequencing have transformed diagnostic paradigms. This has reinforced the clinical phenotyping and molecular genetic expertise required to navigate the complexities of such diagnoses. In turn, improved genetic technology and subsequent gene identification have enabled further insights into the mechanisms of motor neuron degeneration and how these diseases form part of a neurodegenerative disorder spectrum. Common pathophysiologies include abnormalities in axonal architecture and function, RNA processing, and protein quality control. This review incorporates an overview of the clinical manifestations, genetics, and pathophysiology of inherited paediatric motor neuron disorders beyond classic SMN1-related spinal muscular atrophy and describes recent advances in next generation sequencing and its clinical application. Specific disease-modifying treatment is becoming a clinical reality in some disorders of the motor neuron highlighting the importance of a timely and specific diagnosis.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 04-04-2023
Abstract: The process of reconstruction of attosecond bursts by beating of two-photon transitions (RABBITT) can involve a transition from under the ionization threshold. Such an under-threshold RABBITT (or uRABBITT) was demonstrated experimentally and analyzed theoretically in He and Ne. In the present work, we explore an analogous process in the argon atom. The uRABBITT in Ar reveals the familiar physical effects: a phase transition across the threshold and the symmetry modification of the photoelectron momentum distribution. It can also be used for mapping the electronic structure of the target atom bound states.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 12-2010
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1017/EHS.2022.1
Abstract: Hunter–gatherer occupations of small islands are rare in world prehistory and it is widely accepted that island settlement is facilitated by agriculture. The Ryukyu Islands contradict that understanding on two counts: not only did they have a long history of hunter–gatherer settlement, but they also have a very late date for the onset of agriculture, which only reached the archipelago between the eighth and thirteenth centuries AD. Here, we combine archaeology and linguistics to propose a tripartite model for the spread of agriculture and Ryukyuan languages to the Ryukyu Islands. Employing demographic growth, trade iracy and the political influence of neighbouring states, this model provides a synthetic yet flexible understanding of farming/language dispersals in the Ryukyus within the complex historical background of medieval East Asia.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-06-1995
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 24-07-2018
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-06-2020
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009715
Abstract: To quantify the economic and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) burden incurred by households with a child affected by spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Hospital records, insurance claims, and detailed resource use questionnaires completed by caregivers were used to capture the direct and indirect costs to households of 40 children affected by SMA I, II, and III in Australia between 2016 and 2017. Prevalence costing methods were used and reported in 2017 US dollar (USD) purchasing power parity (PPP). The HRQoL for patients and primary caregivers was quantified with the youth version of the EQ-5D and CareQoL multiattribute utility instruments and Australian utility weights. The average total annual cost of SMA per household was $143,705 USD PPP for all SMA types (SMA I $229,346, SMA II $150,909, SMA III $94,948). Direct costs accounted for 56% of total costs. The average total indirect health care costs for all SMA types were $63,145 per annum and were highest in families affected by SMA II. Loss of income and unpaid informal care made up 24.2% and 19.8% respectively, of annual SMA costs. Three of 4 (78%) caregivers stated that they experienced financial problems because of care tasks. The loss in HRQoL of children affected by SMA and caregivers was substantial, with average caregiver and patient scores of 0.708 and 0.115, respectively (reference range 0 = death and 1 = full health). Our results demonstrate the substantial and far-ranging economic and quality of life burden on households and society of SMA and are essential to fully understanding the health benefits and cost-effectiveness associated with emerging disease-modifying therapies for SMA.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 11-02-2014
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 21-05-2018
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 23-10-2002
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 19-12-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1997
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 09-09-2021
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 03-03-1997
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 23-07-2001
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 20-02-2009
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 06-2004
DOI: 10.1152/JAPPLPHYSIOL.01318.2003
Abstract: Fasting forces adaptive changes in whole body and skeletal muscle metabolism that increase fat oxidation and decrease the oxidation of carbohydrate. We tested the hypothesis that 40 h of fasting would decrease pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity and increase PDH kinase (PDK) isoform mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle. The putative transcriptional activators of PDK isozymes, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) protein, and forkhead homolog in rhabdomyosarcoma (FKHR) mRNA were also measured. Eleven healthy adults fasted after a standard meal (25% fat, 60% carbohydrate, 15% protein) with blood and skeletal muscle s les taken at 3, 15, and 40 h postprandial. Fasting increased plasma free fatty acid, glycerol, and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and decreased glucose and insulin concentrations. PDH activity decreased from 0.88 ± 0.11 mmol acetyl-CoA · min -1 · kg wet muscle wt -1 at 3 h to 0.62 ± 0.10 ( P = not significant) and 0.39 ± 0.06 ( P 0.05) mmol · min -1 · kg wet mass -1 after 15 and 40 h of fasting. Although all four PDK isoforms were expressed in human skeletal muscle, PDK-2 and -4 mRNA were the most abundant. PDK-1 and -3 mRNA abundance was ∼1 and 15% of the PDK-2 and -4 levels, respectively. The 40-h fast had no effect on PDK-1, -2, and -3 mRNA expression. PDK-4 mRNA was significantly increased ∼3-fold after 15 h and ∼14-fold after 40 h of fasting. Skeletal muscle PPAR-α protein and FKHR mRNA abundance were unaffected by the fast. The results suggest that decreased PDH activation after 40 h of fasting may have been a function of the large increase in PDK-4 mRNA expression and possible subsequent increase in PDK protein and activity. The changes in PDK-4 expression and PDH activity did not coincide with increases in the transcriptional activators PPAR-α and FKHR.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 07-04-2009
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 11-11-2005
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 27-08-2021
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 15-06-2005
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 10-01-2017
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 06-11-2014
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 02-01-2001
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-06-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-018-04740-5
Abstract: The original version of this Article contained an error in the fifth sentence of the first paragraph of the ‘Application on H 2 ’ section of the Results, which incorrectly read ‘The role of electron correlation is quite apparent in this presentation: Fig. 1a is empty for the uncorrelated Hartree–Fock wave function, since projection of the latter wave function onto the 2 pσ u orbital is exactly zero, while this is not the case for the fully correlated wave function (Fig. 1d) also, Fig. 1b, c for the uncorrelated description are identical, while Fig. 1e, f for the correlated case are significantly different.’ The correct version replaces ‘Fig. 1e, f’ with ‘Fig. 2e and f’.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2006
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 07-03-2014
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 10-10-2006
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 11-11-2005
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 16-09-1999
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 24-01-2023
Abstract: For over a century since the Nobel prize winning work by Einstein (1905 Ann. Phys. 17 132), atomic photoionization was thought to be an instantaneous process. Recent experimental advances in ultrashort laser pulse generation has allowed to resolve this process in time. The concept of time delay introduced by Wigner (1955 Phys. Rev. 98 145–7) in particle scattering appears to be central to the time resolution of photoionization. In this review, we examine the fundamental concepts of time-resolved atomic ionization processes. We will follow the recent literature and show how the initial disagreements between theory and experiment, which persisted for nearly a decade, were finally reconciled. We will also outline the exciting prospects of this field driven by modern experimental and computational technologies.
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 14-09-2018
DOI: 10.1364/OL.43.004510
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-07-2023
Abstract: The mutual angle formed by the non-collinear polarization axes of two laser pulses is used to control two-photon extreme ultraviolet and infrared ionization of noble gas atoms in the process of reconstruction of attosecond bursts by beating of two-photon transitions (RABBITT). The magnitude and the phase of this beating can be controlled very efficiently by the mutual polarization angle. The mechanism of this control can be understood within the lowest order perturbation theory and the soft photon approximation. We offer a very sensitive test on the polarization control of the angular dependent RABBITT process which validates our numerical simulations. We apply this test to the recent theoretical and experimental results of polarization controlled RABBITT on hydrogen and helium by Boll et al (2023 Phys. Rev. A 107 043113) and heavier noble gases by Jiang et al (2022 Nat. Commun. 13 5072).
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 28-09-2016
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 22-12-2003
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 17-03-2021
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 24-08-1999
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 28-11-2017
DOI: 10.1063/1.4993493
Abstract: We solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation describing a water molecule driven by a superposition of the extreme ultraviolet and IR pulses typical for a reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions experiment. This solution is obtained by a combination of the time-dependent coordinate scaling and the density functional theory with self-interaction correction. Results of this solution are used to determine the time delay in photoionization of the water and hydrogen molecules.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 08-05-2020
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 15-05-1995
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-03-1998
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-03-2010
DOI: 10.3390/NU2030317
Abstract: We found an error in our paper recently published in Nutrients [1]. [...]
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2004
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-09-2004
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE02839
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1981
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-01-2014
DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS2880
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-09-2016
DOI: 10.1038/SREP34101
Abstract: This work describes the first observations of the ionisation of neon in a metastable atomic state utilising a strong-field, few-cycle light pulse. We compare the observations to theoretical predictions based on the Ammosov-Delone-Krainov (ADK) theory and a solution to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). The TDSE provides better agreement with the experimental data than the ADK theory. We optically pump the target atomic species and measure the ionisation rate as the a function of different steady-state populations in the fine structure of the target state which shows significant ionisation rate dependence on populations of spin-polarised states. The physical mechanism for this effect is unknown.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 29-05-2014
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 02-1995
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 20-05-2014
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 27-02-1995
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 12-05-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-03-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S13023-020-1339-3
Abstract: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease that has a substantial and multifaceted burden on affected adults. While advances in supportive care and therapies are rapidly reshaping the therapeutic environment, these efforts have largely centered on pediatric populations. Understanding the natural history, care pathways, and patient-reported outcomes associated with SMA in adulthood is critical to advancing health policy, practice and research across the disease spectrum. The aim of this study was to systematically review research investigating the healthcare, well-being and lived experiences of adults with SMA. In accordance with the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, seven electronic databases were systematically searched until January 2020 for studies examining clinical (physical health, natural history, treatment) and patient-reported (symptoms, physical function, mental health, quality of life, lived experiences) outcomes in adults with SMA. Study risk of bias and the level of evidence were assessed using validated tools. Ninety-five articles met eligibility criteria with clinical and methodological ersity observed across studies. A heterogeneous clinical spectrum with variability in natural history was evident in adults, yet slow declines in motor function were reported when observational periods extended beyond 2 years. There remains no high quality evidence of an efficacious drug treatment for adults. Limitations in mobility and daily activities associated with deteriorating physical health were commonly reported, alongside emotional difficulties, fatigue and a perceived lack of societal support, however there was no evidence regarding effective interventions. This systematic review identifies the many uncertainties regarding best clinical practice, treatment response, and long-term outcomes for adults with SMA. This comprehensive identification of the current gaps in knowledge is essential to guide future clinical research, best practice care, and advance health policy with the ultimate aim of reducing the burden associated with adult SMA.
Location: Russian Federation
Location: Russian Federation
Start Date: 2019
End Date: 2021
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2023
End Date: 12-2025
Amount: $532,842.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2007
End Date: 12-2009
Amount: $255,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 06-2019
End Date: 06-2024
Amount: $435,449.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2006
End Date: 12-2009
Amount: $335,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 07-2004
End Date: 12-2007
Amount: $13,800.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2012
End Date: 12-2016
Amount: $360,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2004
End Date: 12-2006
Amount: $225,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2003
End Date: 12-2005
Amount: $295,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2009
End Date: 12-2012
Amount: $485,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity