ORCID Profile
0000-0002-8356-0534
Current Organisations
University of London
,
Australian National University
,
The London School of Economics and Political Science
,
University of Southampton
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Sociology | Demography | Population Trends And Policies | Sociological Methodology And Research Methods | Family And Household Studies | Fertility | Developmental Psychology And Ageing | Demography Not Elsewhere Classified
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Consumption patterns, population issues and the environment | Families | Health related to ageing | The aged |
Related Links
Publications
Factors associated with regional variation in disability-free life expectancy based on functional difficulty among older persons in the Philippines
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-07-2020
Demographic Techniques: Data Adjustment and Correction
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2015
Sociodemographic determinants of energy, fat and dietary fibre intake in Australian adults
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 03-2000
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980000000082
Abstract: To examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors (sex, age, education, occupation and region of birth) and absolute levels of energy, fat and fibre intake in adults at the national level. The 1983 National Dietary Survey of Adults (NDSA), covering six Australian capital cities, collected food and nutrient intake data using the 24-hour recall method, from subjects aged 25–64 years (n = 6255). Interactions of variables occurred, especially for males. The greatest effect on male intake of all three dietary components was a combination of age and education. For females, the main explanatory variable for fat and energy intake was age, but that for fibre was a combination of region of birth and education. Both education (alone or in combination) and region of birth (alone or in combination) had a greater effect than occupation (alone or in combination). Energy, fat and fibre intakes vary considerably between sociodemographic groups. Such variability must be taken into account in formulating policy and planning decisions and in assessing temporal change.
Age Reporting in the CLHLS: A Re-assessment
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2008
Transforming Gompertz's Function for Fertility Analysis: The Development of a Standard for the Relational Gompertz Function
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 11-1984
DOI: 10.2307/2174137
The Longevity Prospects of Australian Seniors: An Evaluation of Forecast Method and Outcome
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 2014
Coherent Mortality Forecasting: The Product-Ratio Method With Functional Time Series Models
Publisher: Duke University Press
Date: 10-10-2013
DOI: 10.1007/S13524-012-0145-5
Abstract: When independence is assumed, forecasts of mortality for subpopulations are almost always ergent in the long term. We propose a method for coherent forecasting of mortality rates for two or more subpopulations, based on functional principal components models of simple and interpretable functions of rates. The product-ratio functional forecasting method models and forecasts the geometric mean of subpopulation rates and the ratio of subpopulation rates to product rates. Coherence is imposed by constraining the forecast ratio function through stationary time series models. The method is applied to sex-specific data for Sweden and state-specific data for Australia. Based on out-of-s le forecasts, the coherent forecasts are at least as accurate in overall terms as comparable independent forecasts, and forecast accuracy is homogenized across subpopulations.
Denisovan introgression has shaped the immune system of present-day Papuans
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 09-07-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.09.196444
Abstract: Modern humans have substantially admixed with multiple archaic hominins. Papuans, in particular, owe up to 5% of their genome to Denisovans, a sister group to Neanderthals, whose remains have only been identified in Siberia and Tibet. Unfortunately, the biological and evolutionary significance of these introgression events remain poorly understood. Here we investigate the function of archaic alleles of both Denisovan and Neanderthal ancestry characterised within a previously published set of 56 genomes from in iduals of Papuan genetic ancestry living in the island of New Guinea. By comparing the distribution of archaic and modern human variants, we are able to assess the consequences of archaic admixture across a multitude of different cell types and functional elements. We detect a consistent signal across Denisovan variants of strong involvement in immune-related processes throughout our analyses. Archaic alleles are often located within cis-regulatory elements and transcribed regions of the genome, suggesting that they are capable of contributing to a wide range of cellular regulatory processes. We identify 3,538 high-confidence Denisovan variants that fall within annotated cis-regulatory elements and have the potential to alter the affinity of multiple transcription factors to their cognate DNA motifs, highlighting a likely mechanism by which introgressed DNA can impact phenotypes in present-day humans. Lastly, we experimentally validate these predictions by testing the regulatory potential of five Denisovan variants segregating at high frequency within Papuan in iduals, and find that two are associated with a significant reduction of transcriptional activities in plasmid reporter assays relative to modern human alleles. Together, these data provide support for the hypothesis that, despite their broadly deleterious nature, archaic alleles actively contribute to modern human phenotypic ersity to this day, and might have facilitated early adaptation to non-African environments.
COMPENSATORY PRESCHOOL‐‐DO ITS EFFECTS JUSTIFY ITS EXISTENCE?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-1975
Minimum Death Rates and Maximum Life Expectancy: The Role of Concordant Ages
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-02-2019
The future aged: new projections of Australia. ‘s elderly population
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2003
Indigenous Australians are under-represented in longitudinal ageing studies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.2011.00727.X
Abstract: Evidence-based policy depends on the availability of high-quality research that is relevant to the population. This study aimed to identify the available data on the health of older Indigenous Australians in population-based longitudinal studies of ageing. Evaluation of the Dynamic Analyses to Optimise Ageing Project (DYNOPTA) dataset that has pooled nine Australian longitudinal ageing studies, six of which were analysed here. Proportions of the DYNOPTA s le identified as Indigenous. Indigenous participants made up 0.7% of males and 0.5% of females in the weighted s le, compared with 0.8% of both sexes in the Australian population. Indigenous under-representation is greater at ages 45-54 than at older ages, despite overall greater participation in this age range. Within the existing Australian longitudinal ageing studies, Indigenous Australians are under-represented. This means there is a significant gap in the evidence base relating to the health of older Indigenous Australians. Research approaches specifically designed to address the health and wellbeing of older Indigenous Australians are urgently required.
Sixteen years ofJapa: A content analysis of theJournal of the Australian Population Association
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2000
DOI: 10.1007/BF03029465
Understanding ageing in older Australians: The contribution of the Dynamic Analyses to Optimise Ageing (DYNOPTA) project to the evidence base and policy
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2011
Lee-Carter mortality forecasting: a multi-country comparison of variants and extensions
Publisher: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
Date: 20-10-2006
Which ‘Ethnic Question’? The Development of Questions Identifying Ethnic Origin in Official Statistics
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-1985
DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-954X.1985.TB00805.X
Abstract: Questions identifying foreigners have been included in official statistics since the census of 1841 when place of birth was first asked. This question has since been used in many sources. It was later supplemented by a question on each parent's birthplace so that the children of immigrants could be identified. More recently, direct questions on ethnic origin have been introduced. One notable exception to the use of a direct question is the census, which for political reasons has so far been unable to include such a question. The Home Affairs Committee recommended that a direct question be asked in the next census, and also recommended a form of that question. This recommended form is technically poor. In light of the political objections to a direct question, there is a need to address political issues rather than dwell on technical detail.
Ethnic differentials in the timing of family formation
Publisher: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
Date: 23-07-2010
Abandoning logic and classifying ethnicity: A rejoinder to Bulmer
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-1984
Cardiovascular mortality sex differentials in selected East Asian and western populations
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 05-04-2016
Abstract: Explaining patterns in the sex ratio (male/female) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality would improve understanding of mortality transitions under modernisation. Little research has examined secular trends in this ratio across populations, taking age and cohort into account. We examine cohort effects in the ratios of CVD mortality (including ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease) among 4 East Asian populations that vary in the timing of their modernisation, and assess the effect of smoking on these patterns in comparison with Western populations. The sequential method for log-linear models is applied to analyse age, period and cohort effects for sex ratios. Age and cohort effects are fitted first, with population as offset period effects are fitted in a second model using the fitted values from the first model as the offset. Lung cancer mortality serves as a proxy for smoking. Increases in sex ratios of CVD mortality began in earlier cohorts in Western than in East Asian populations. Once begun, increases were more rapid in East Asia. The cohort effect for the sex ratio of CVD mortality differs from that for lung cancer mortality. Trends in sex ratios of CVD mortality by cohort are similar before and after adjustment for lung cancer mortality in East Asia the increasing trend across 1900-1945 cohorts is maintained in Western populations after adjustment. The sex ratio of CVD mortality has increased across successive cohorts living in increasingly modernised environments. There is scant evidence that this increase is attributable to changing sex-specific rates of smoking.
Who cares? Provision of Care and Assistance Among Older Persons in the Philippines
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 29-09-2018
Abstract: Objective: This study aims to examine the provision of assistance among older persons in the Philippines who experience difficulty with activities of daily living (ADLs) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Method: Data for this research are drawn from the 2007 Philippine Study on Aging (PSOA). Cross-tabulations and regression analyses are used to identify who provides assistance to older Filipinos. Results: The study shows that the Filipino family, particularly spouse and daughters, plays an important role in providing assistance to older Filipinos who need help in carrying out functional activities. This provision of caregiving, however, follows a gendered pattern. Specifically, the spouse provides assistance to older men, whereas daughters provide assistance to older women. Grandchildren and noncoresident family members, to some extent, are also active in providing care to older Filipinos. Discussion: The Filipino family remains faithful to its filial duty toward older persons, but who provides care and the way it is provided are likely to change due to the demographic changes and values shifts that have swept the country.
Sanitary improvement and mortality decline in Sydney, New South Wales, 1857–1906: drinking water and dunnies as determinants
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-12-2018
Stochastic population forecasts using functional data models for mortality, fertility and migration
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2008
The changing contribution of smoking to educational inequality in female mortality
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-04-2014
What can reverse causation tell us about demographic differences in the social network and social support determinants of self-rated health in later life?
Publisher: Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften
Date: 2016
The Evolution of Epidemic Suicide on Guam: Context and Contagion
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2010
Abstract: Thirty years of suicide rates for Guam were analyzed by age, sex, period, and cohort. Youth suicide increased rapidly in the 1990s certain cohorts have higher rates. Four explanatory factors are discussed, including ecological factors and migration from the Federated States of Micronesia. Direct and indirect suicide contagion followed the death by suicide of a respected politician, strongly influencing period and cohort patterns. Suicide pacts inflated suicide among young people. These factors acted in combination to produce epidemic levels of suicide in the 1990s.
Transforming gompertz's function for fertility analysis: The development of a standard for the relational gompertz function
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-1984
DOI: 10.1080/00324728.1984.10410306
Abstract: Summary The relational Gompertz function improves upon the Gompertz for fertility analysis by achieving a better fit in the tails of the distribution. This is obtained by a transformation of the age scale corresponding to an empirical standard. This standard is developed from Coale and Trussell's model and is appropriate for use with populations of high fertility. The model is tested on two sets of data and is shown to produce good estimates of completed fertility even for data truncated at quite early ages. Good results are also obtained for declining fertility.
Cohort profile: The dynamic analyses to optimize ageing (DYNOPTA) project
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 17-01-2010
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYN276
Thirty years on: A review of the Lee–Carter method for forecasting mortality
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
PACIFIC ISLAND SUICIDE IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-1999
DOI: 10.1017/S0021932099004332
Abstract: All available data for thirteen Pacific Island nations are used in a comparative analysis of suicide levels and characteristics. Age, sex and method of suicide are examined in detail. Global comparison shows Pacific rates are amongst the highest reported. Female youth rates exceed male rates in Western Samoa and amongst Fiji Indians. Method of suicide (paraquat ingestion) is instrumental in determining high rates in Western Samoa, especially in females. The broad causal theme is societal transition. Commonality and ersity are discussed.
Projections of multi-morbidity in the older population in England to 2035: estimates from the Population Ageing and Care Simulation (PACSim) model
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 24-01-2018
Self-rated Health of older persons in Indonesia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2015
Structural and functional social network attributes moderate the association of self-rated health with mental health in midlife and older adults
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 24-07-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S1041610215001143
Abstract: Social relationships are multifaceted, and different social network components can operate via different processes to influence well-being. This study examined associations of social network structure and relationship quality (positive and negative social exchanges) with mental health in midlife and older adults. The focus was on both direct associations of network structure and relationship quality with mental health, and whether these social network attributes moderated the association of self-rated health (SRH) with mental health. Analyses were based on survey data provided by 2001 (Mean age = 65, SD = 8.07) midlife and older adults. We used Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to classify participants into network types based on network structure (partner status, network size, contact frequency, and activity engagement), and used continuous measures of positive and negative social exchanges to operationalize relationship quality. Regression analysis was used to test moderation. LCA revealed network types generally consistent with those reported in previous studies. Participants in more erse networks reported better mental health than those categorized into a restricted network type after adjustment for age, sex, education, and employment status. Analysis of moderation indicated that those with poorer SRH were less likely to report poorer mental health if they were classified into more erse networks. A similar moderation effect was also evident for positive exchanges. The findings suggest that both quantity and quality of social relationships can play a role in buffering against the negative implications of physical health decline for mental health.
Point and interval forecasts of mortality rates and life expectancy: A comparison of ten principal component methods
Publisher: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
Date: 15-07-2011
Ethnic and racial questions in the Census: The home affairs committee report
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1983
On the role of demography in the study of post-war migration to Western Europe
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1982
DOI: 10.1007/BF02917610
Applying Lee-Carter under conditions of variable mortality decline
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2002
Abstract: The Lee-Carter method of mortality forecasting assumes an invariant age component and most applications have adopted a linear time component. The use of the method with Australian data is compromised by significant departures from linearity in the time component and changes over time in the age component. We modify the method to adjust the time component to reproduce the age distribution of deaths, rather than total deaths, and to determine the optimal fitting period in order to address non-linearity in the time component. In the Australian case the modification has the added advantage that the assumption of invariance is better met. For Australian data, the modifications result in higher forecast life expectancy than the original Lee-Carter method and official projections, and a 50 per cent reduction in forecast error. The model is also expanded to take account of age-time interactions by incorporating additional terms, but these are not readily incorporated into forecasts.
Mortality Modelling and Forecasting: a Review of Methods
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 09-2008
DOI: 10.1017/S1748499500000440
Abstract: Continuing increases in life expectancy beyond previously-held limits have brought to the fore the critical importance of mortality forecasting. Significant developments in mortality forecasting since 1980 are reviewed under three broad approaches: expectation, extrapolation and explanation. Expectation is not generally a good basis for mortality forecasting, as it is subjective expert expectations are invariably conservative. Explanation is restricted to certain causes of death with known determinants. Decomposition by cause of death poses problems associated with the lack of independence among causes and data difficulties. Most developments have been in extrapolative forecasting, and make use of statistical methods rather than models developed primarily for age-specific graduation. Methods using two-factor models (age-period or age-cohort) have been most successful. The two-factor Lee–Carter method, and, in particular, its variants, have been successful in terms of accuracy, while recent advances have improved the estimation of forecast uncertainty. Regression-based (GLM) methods have been less successful, due to nonlinearities in time. Three-factor methods are more recent the Lee–Carter age-period-cohort model appears promising. Specialised software has been developed and made available. Research needs include further comparative evaluations of methods in terms of the accuracy of the point forecast and its uncertainty, encompassing a wide range of mortality situations.
Demographic forecasting: 1980 to 2005 in review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2006
The value of comparing health outcomes in cohort studies: An example of self-rated health in seven studies including 79 653 participants
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-11-2007
Related Organisations
University Of London
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
The London School Of Economics And Political Science
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
University Of Southampton
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Related Funding Activities
Special Research Initiatives - Grant ID: SR0354771
Start Date: 12-2003
End Date: 12-2004
Amount: $20,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0990974
Start Date: 01-2011
End Date: 10-2014
Amount: $270,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity