ORCID Profile
0000-0002-0362-9045
Current Organisations
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
,
Cancer Science Institute
,
University of Queensland
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Education Systems | Early Childhood Education (excl. Māori) | Communication Technology and Digital Media Studies | Architectural Science and Technology (incl. Acoustics, Lighting, Structure and Ecologically Sustainable Design) | Architecture | Demography | Family and Household Studies | Social Policy | Social Change | Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety | Community Child Health | Computer-Human Interaction | Developmental Psychology and Ageing
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Learner Development | Child Health | Expanding Knowledge through Studies of Human Society | Families and Family Services | Health Status (e.g. Indicators of Well-Being) | Social Class and Inequalities | Expanding Knowledge in Built Environment and Design | Expanding Knowledge in Technology |
Related Links
Publications
Characterizing Self-Reported Sleep Disturbance after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 04-2015
The on-road experiences and awareness of sleepiness in a sample of Australian highway drivers: A roadside driver sleepiness study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-04-2015
DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2015.1033690
Abstract: Driver sleepiness contributes substantially to road crash incidents. Simulator and on-road studies clearly reveal an impairing effect from sleepiness on driving ability. However, the degree to which drivers appreciate the dangerousness of driving while sleepy is somewhat unclear. This study sought to determine drivers' on-road experiences of sleepiness, their prior sleep habits, and personal awareness of the signs of sleepiness. Participants were a random selection of 92 drivers traveling on a major highway in the state of Queensland, Australia, who were stopped by police as part of routine drink driving operations. Participants completed a brief questionnaire that included demographic information, sleepy driving experiences (signs of sleepiness and on-road experiences of sleepiness), and prior sleep habits. A modified version of the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) was used to assess subjective sleepiness in the 15 min prior to being stopped by police. Participants' ratings of subjective sleepiness were quite low, with 90% reporting being alert to extremely alert on the KSS. Participants were reasonably aware of the signs of sleepiness, with many signs of sleepiness associated with on-road experiences of sleepiness. Additionally, the number of hours spent driving was positively correlated with the drivers' level of sleep debt. The results suggest that participants had moderate experiences of driving while sleepy and many were aware of the signs of sleepiness. The relationship between driving long distances and increased sleep debt is a concern for road safety. Increased education regarding the dangers of sleepy driving seems warranted.
The role of psychological resilience and mTBI as predictors of postconcussional syndrome symptomatology.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 05-2015
DOI: 10.1037/REP0000037
Abstract: Resilience is 1 of several factors that are thought to contribute to outcome following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). This study explored the predictors of the postconcussional syndrome (PCS) symptoms that can occur following mTBI. We hypothesized that a reported recent mTBI and lower psychological resilience would predict worse reported PCS symptomatology. 233 participants completed the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). Three NSI scores were used to define PCS symptomatology. A total of 35 participants reported an mTBI (as operationally defined by the World Health Organization) that was sustained between 1 and 6 months prior to their participation (positive mTBI history) the remainder reported having never had an mTBI. Regression analyses revealed that a positive reported recent mTBI history and lower psychological resilience were significant independent predictors of reported PCS symptomatology. These results were found for the 3 PCS scores from the NSI, including using a stringent caseness criterion, p < .05. Demographic variables (age and gender) were not related to outcome, with the exception of education in some analyses. The results demonstrate that: (a) both perceived psychological resilience and mTBI history play a role in whether or not PCS symptoms are experienced, even when demographic variables are considered, and (b) of these 2 variables, lower perceived psychological resilience was the strongest predictor of PCS-like symptomatology.
Subjective and predicted sleepiness while driving in young adults
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2005.06.008
Abstract: Sleepiness is a significant contributor to car crashes and sleepiness related crashes have higher mortality and morbidity than other crashes. Young adult drivers are at particular risk for sleepiness related car crashes. It has been suggested that this is because young adults are typically sleepier than older adults because of chronic sleep loss, and more often drive at times of increased risk of acute sleepiness. This prospective study aimed to determine the relationship between predicted and perceived sleepiness while driving in 47 young-adult drivers over a 4-week period. Sleepiness levels were predicted by a model incorporating known circadian and sleep factors influencing alertness, and compared to subjective ratings of sleepiness during 2518 driving episodes. Results suggested that young drivers frequently drive while at risk of crashing, at times of predicted sleepiness (>7% of episodes) and at times they felt themselves to be sleepy (>23% of episodes). A significant relationship was found between perceived and predicted estimates of sleepiness. However, the participants nonetheless drove at these times. The results of this study may help preventative programs to specifically target factors leading to increased sleepiness when driving (particularly time of day), and to focus interventions to stop young adults from driving when they feel sleepy.
A study protocol: a community pharmacy-based intervention for improving the management of sleep disorders in the community settings
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-02-2014
Health belief model predicts adherence to CPAP before experience with CPAP
Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
Date: 09-2008
DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00127507
Abstract: Adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is often poor. Biomedical indices explain little of the variance in CPAP use. The present study tested a health belief model of adherence in order to determine the contribution of psychological constructs as compared to biomedical indices in the prediction of CPAP adherence. Consecutive patients (n = 77) newly diagnosed with OSA and naïve to CPAP treatment (had never tried CPAP before) completed questionnaires at baseline (prior to CPAP treatment). The questionnaires assessed: outcome expectancy with treatment, self-efficacy, functional outcomes of sleepiness, and perceived risk of negative health outcomes. Physiological data were obtained from a standard clinical diagnostic sleep study. CPAP adherence was assessed at 4-month follow-up. Health belief model constructs alone explained 21.8% of the variance in CPAP adherence, whereas health belief model constructs and biomedical indices together explained 31.8% of the variance in CPAP adherence. The greatest proportion of CPAP adherence was explained by higher outcome expectancies with treatment, greater functional limitations as a result of sleepiness and lower risk perception. The results suggest that patients have developed beliefs and expectations about obstructive sleep apnoea and continuous positive airway pressure even before they try continuous positive airway pressure treatment. These beliefs and expectations predict the patients' adherence to effective therapy.
The Effects of Sleep Restriction on Executive Inhibitory Control and Affect in Young Adults
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2013.12.034
Abstract: Young adults regularly experience restricted sleep due to a range of social, educational, and vocational commitments. Evidence suggests that extended periods of sleep deprivation negatively impact affective and inhibitory control mechanisms leading to behavioral consequences such as increased emotional reactivity and impulsive behavior. It is less clear whether acute periods of restricted sleep produce the same behavioral consequences. Nineteen young adults (m = 8 and f = 12) with habitual late bedtime (after 22:30 h) and wake time (after 06:30 h) completed a range of objective and subjective measures assessing sleepiness (psychomotor vigilance task and Karolinska sleepiness scale), inhibitory control (emotional go/no-go task and a balloon analog risk task), and affect (positive and negative affective schedule). Testing was counterbalanced across participants and occurred on two occasions once following restricted sleep and once following habitual sleep 1 week apart. Compared with habitual sleep, sleep restriction produced significantly slower performance on the psychomotor vigilance task and higher subjective ratings of sleepiness on the Karolinska sleepiness scale. Sleep restriction also caused a significant decrease in positive affect but no change in negative affect on the affective schedule. Inhibitory control efficiency was significantly differentiated, with participants showing an increase in risk taking on the balloon analog risk task, but there was no evidence of increased reactivity to negative stimuli on the emotional go/no-go task. Results suggest that even acute periods of sleep loss may cause deficits in affective experiences and increase impulsive and potentially high-risk behavior in young adults.
The circadian response of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 14-03-2011
An overview of sleep and circadian dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JSR.12673
Abstract: Sleep and circadian alterations are amongst the very first symptoms experienced in Parkinson's disease, and sleep alterations are present in the majority of patients with overt clinical manifestation of Parkinson's disease. However, the magnitude of sleep and circadian dysfunction in Parkinson's disease, and its influence on the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease remains often unclear and a matter of debate. In particular, the confounding influences of dopaminergic therapy on sleep and circadian dysfunction are a major challenge, and need to be more carefully addressed in clinical studies. The scope of this narrative review is to summarise the current knowledge around both sleep and circadian alterations in Parkinson's disease. We provide an overview on the frequency of excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, restless legs, obstructive apnea and nocturia in Parkinson's disease, as well as addressing sleep structure, rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and circadian features in Parkinson's disease. Sleep and circadian disorders have been linked to pathological conditions that are often co-morbid in Parkinson's disease, including cognitive decline, memory impairment and neurodegeneration. Therefore, targeting sleep and circadian alterations could be one of the earliest and most promising opportunities to slow disease progression. We hope that this review will contribute to advance the discussion and inform new research efforts to progress our knowledge in this field.
Adherence to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea sufferers: A theoretical approach to treatment adherence and intervention
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.CPR.2008.07.004
Abstract: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder associated with significant health, quality of life and psychosocial problems. The aims of this review are to investigate the contribution of psychological constructs and theory to the assessment and treatment of OSA. Adherence to CPAP treatment remains a primary concern for improving treatment outcomes for OSA. Modifiable, psychological constructs of self-efficacy, coping, social support, treatment satisfaction and self-reported daytime sleepiness improve the prediction of CPAP adherence. These predictors are particularly robust in the context of a theoretical model. Social Cognition Theory (SCT) and Health Belief Model (HBM) are emerging as promising psychological models for understanding patient acceptance and adherence to CPAP treatment. An overview of psychologically informed interventions for CPAP use is presented. Education-based interventions have promise, but the strongest and robust findings are emerging from theory-driven interventions. Specifically, Cognitive-Behaviourally informed interventions and Motivational Interventions demonstrate consistent and large effect sizes in improving CPAP adherence rates.
Understanding sleep routines: A novel mixed methods approach to understand promoters and barriers of healthy sleep
Publisher: The University of Queensland
Date: 11-10-2023
DOI: 10.14264/E03665F
Assessment method influences the severity and type of symptoms reported after self-reported mild traumatic brain injury
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-05-2015
DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2015.1038984
Abstract: To investigate the influence of assessment method (spontaneous report versus checklist) on the report of postconcussive syndrome (PCS) symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Community. Thirty-six participants (58% female) with postacute self-reported mTBI (i.e., sustained 1-6 months prior to participation) and 36 age-, gender-, and ethnicity-matched controls with no history of mTBI. Cross-sectional. Spontaneous symptom report from open-ended questions and checklist endorsed symptoms from the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (both measures administered online). Assessment method significantly affected in idual symptom item frequencies (small to large effects), the number of symptoms reported, the total severity score, domain severity scores (i.e., somatic/sensory, cognitive, and affective symptom domains), and the number of participants who met a PCS caseness criterion (large effects checklist > spontaneous report). The types of symptoms that were different between the groups differed for the assessment methods: Compared to controls, the nonclinical mTBI group spontaneously reported significantly greater somatic/sensory and cognitive domain severity scores, whilst no domain severity scores differed between groups when endorsed on a checklist. Assessment method can alter the number, severity, and types of symptoms reported by in iduals who have sustained an mTBI and could potentially influence clinical decisions.
Frequency of insomnia report in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2004
A feasibility study: Use of actigraph to monitor and follow-up sleep/wake patterns in individuals attending community pharmacy with sleeping disorders
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2016
Napping, development and health from 0 to 5 years: A systematic review
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 17-02-2015
DOI: 10.1136/ARCHDISCHILD-2014-307241
Abstract: Duration and quality of sleep affect child development and health. Encouragement of napping in preschool children has been suggested as a health-promoting strategy. The aim of this study is to assess evidence regarding the effects of napping on measures of child development and health. This study is a systematic review of published, original research articles of any design. Children aged 0–5 years. Electronic database search was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and assessment of research quality was carried out following a Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) protocol. Twenty-six articles met inclusion criteria. These were of heterogeneous quality all had observational designs (GRADE-low). Development and health outcomes included salivary cortisol, night sleep, cognition, behaviour, obesity and accidents. The findings regarding cognition, behaviour and health impacts were inconsistent, probably because of variation in age and habitual napping status of the s les. The most consistent finding was an association between napping and later onset, shorter duration and poorer quality of night sleep, with evidence strongest beyond the age of 2 years. Studies were not randomised. Most did not obtain data on the children's habitual napping status or the context of napping. Many were reliant on parent report rather than direct observation or physiological measurement of sleep behaviour. The evidence indicates that beyond the age of 2 years napping is associated with later night sleep onset and both reduced sleep quality and duration. The evidence regarding behaviour, health and cognition is less certain. There is a need for more systematic studies that use stronger designs. In preschool children presenting with sleep problems clinicians should investigate napping patterns.
Psychophysiological Changes Associated With Self-Regulation of Sleepiness and Cessation From a Hazard Perception Task
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Date: 04-2016
DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/A000156
Abstract: Abstract. The relationship between a driver’s ability to identify increasing sleepiness and ceasing driving when sleepy is relatively unexamined. Several studies suggest that drivers have some ability to identify increasing levels of sleepiness. However, whether that identification of sleepiness leads to drivers being able to self-regulate and cease driving has not been examined. This study assessed the capacity of drivers to identify sleepiness and to self-regulate their own simulated driving cessation. Twenty-six young adults completed a validated hazard perception simulated task when moderately sleep deprived after a 05:00 wakeup. Participants were instructed to stop driving if they thought they were too sleepy to drive safely on the road. Physiological (EEG, EOG, and ECG) and subjective (Karolinska Sleepiness scale) measures were used to examine self-regulation of simulated driving cessation. The behavioral validity of the participants’ subjective sleepiness was then examined with a 30 min nap opportunity. All participants ceased the task on average after approximately 40 min (range = 12.5–73 min). No participant was judged to have experienced any microsleeps or fallen asleep. Subjective sleepiness and EOG-based blink duration measures increased significantly from the beginning of the drive to the end of the simulated driving episodes. During the nap opportunity 23 of the 26 participants were able to achieve sleep onset. The results suggest that moderately sleep deprived in iduals can identify increasing sleepiness and then take action to cease a hazard perception task. Potentially, on-road drivers could benefit from better elicitation of subjective sleepiness and their self-regulation of driving cessation.
The effect of extended wake on postural control in young adults
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-07-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S00221-012-3175-8
Abstract: The sleep-wake cycle is a major determinant of locomotor activity in humans, and the neural and physiological processes necessary for optimum postural control may be impaired by an extension of the wake period into habitual sleep time. There is growing evidence for such a contribution from sleep-related factors, but great inconsistency in the methods used to assess this contribution, particularly in control for circadian phase position. Postural control was assessed at hourly intervals across 14 h of extended wake in nine young adult participants. Force plate parameters of medio-lateral and anterior-posterior sway, centre of pressure (CoP) trace length, area, and velocity were assessed with eyes open and eyes closed over 3-min periods. A standard measure of psychomotor vigilance was assessed concurrently under constant routine conditions. After controlling for in idual differences in circadian phase position, a significant effect of extended wake was found for anterior-posterior sway and for psychomotor vigilance. These data suggest that extended wake may increase the risk of a fall or other consequences of impaired postural control.
Effects of resistance training on measures of muscular strength in people with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 06-07-2015
Operationalising and Measuring Flow in Video Games
Publisher: ACM
Date: 07-12-2015
Psychophysiology of Challenge in Play
Publisher: ACM
Date: 07-05-2016
Liking for high fat foods in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2014.03.019
Abstract: Excess weight and obesity are factors that are strongly associated with risk for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA). Weight loss has been associated with improvements in clinical indicators of OSA severity however, patients' beliefs about diet change have not been investigated. This study utilized a validated behaviour change model to estimate the relationship between food liking, food intake and indices of OSA severity. Two-hundred and six OSA patients recruited from a Sleep Disorders Clinic completed standardized questionnaires of: a) fat and fibre food intake, food liking, and food knowledge and b) attitudes and intentions towards fat reduction. OSA severity and body mass index (BMI) were objectively measured using standard clinical guidelines. The relationship between liking for high fat food and OSA severity was tested with hierarchical regression. Gender and BMI explained a significant 20% of the variance in OSA severity, Fibre Liking accounted for an additional 6% (a negative relationship), and Fat Liking accounted for a further 3.6% of variance. Although the majority of in iduals (47%) were currently "active" in reducing fat intake, overall the patients' dietary beliefs and behaviours did not correspond. The independent relationship between OSA severity and liking for high fat foods (and disliking of high fibre foods) may be consistent with a two-way interaction between sleep disruption and food choice. Whilst the majority of OSA patients were intentionally active in changing to a healthy diet, further emphasis on improving healthy eating practices and beliefs in this population is necessary.
Napping and nightshift work: Effects of a short nap on psychomotor vigilance and subjective sleepiness in health workers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-03-2007
Mandatory naptimes in child care and children's nighttime sleep
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2015
Validating an older adult driving behaviour model with structural equation modelling and confirmatory factor analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Detecting insomnia: comparison of four self‐report measures of sleep in a young adult population
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-09-2001
DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-2869.2001.00262.X
Abstract: The sensitivity and specificity of four self-report measures of disordered sleep - the Sleep Impairment Index (SII), the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire (SDQ), the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes About Sleep Scale (DBAS) and the Sleep-Wake Activity Inventory (SWAI) - were compared in subjects with insomnia and normal sleep. Nineteen young adult subjects met DSM-IV criteria for primary insomnia and another 19 were normal control subjects. Discriminatory characteristics of each measure were assessed using receiver operator characteristic curve analyses. Discriminatory power was maximised for each measure to produce cut-scores applicable for identification of in iduals with insomnia. The DBAS, SII and SDQ psychiatric DIMS subscale were found to correlate, and discriminated well between the two groups. The SWAI nocturnal sleep subscale was not found to be an accurate discriminator. The results suggest differences in the measures in their ability to detect insomnia, and offer guidelines as to the optimal use of test scores to identify young adults suspected of insomnia.
Sleep-related vehicle crashes on low speed roads
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2016.12.002
Abstract: Very little is known about the characteristics of sleep related (SR) crashes occurring on low speed roads compared with current understanding of the role of sleep in crashes occurring on high speed roads e.g. motorways. To address this gap, analyses were undertaken to identify the differences and similarities between (1) SR crashes occurring on roads with low (≤60km/h) and high (≥100km/h) speed limits, and (2) SR crashes and not-SR crashes occurring on roads with low speed limits. Police reports of all crashes occurring on low and high speed roads over a ten year period between 2000 and 2009 were examined for Queensland, Australia. Attending police officers identified all crash attributes, including 'fatigue/fell asleep', which indicates that the police believe the crash to have a causal factor relating to falling asleep, sleepiness due to sleep loss, time of day, or fatigue. Driver or rider involvement in crashes was classified as SR or not-SR. All crash-associated variables were compared using Chi-square tests (Cramer's V=effect size). A series of logistic regression was performed, with driver and crash characteristics as predictors of crash category. A conservative alpha level of 0.001 determined statistical significance. There were 440,855 drivers or riders involved in a crash during this time 6923 (1.6%) were attributed as SR. SR crashes on low speed roads have similar characteristics to those on high speed roads with young (16-24y) males consistently over represented. SR crashes on low speed roads are noticeably different to not-SR crashes in the same speed zone in that male and young novice drivers are over represented and outcomes are more severe. Of all the SR crashes identified, 41% occurred on low speed roads. SR crashes are not confined to high speed roads. Low speed SR crashes warrant specific investigation because they occur in densely populated areas, exposing a greater number of people to risk and have more severe outcomes than not-SR crashes on the same low speed roads.
Return to driving following surgery to the upper limb: a scoping review protocol
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2023
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2022-070618
Abstract: Upper limb surgery is a common burden on the active and ageing population, often resulting in a transient state of functional impairment. Many activities of daily living can be affected, including ability to drive. Currently there are no guidelines regarding safe return to driving following upper limb surgery. This scoping review aims to systematically review the current literature on the topic of driving following surgery to the upper limb. Informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses—Scoping Review extension guidelines, this protocol details the scoping review’s methodological and analytical approaches. The review will consider all primary and secondary source articles that examine return to driving following surgery to the upper limb, including the impact of orthoses on functional ability to drive. All studies will be included regardless of methodology and text and opinion pieces will also be considered. Studies conducted in any geographical location or setting will be included in the review. Systematic searches of scientific databases such as OVID (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane), NCBI (PubMed), Scopus, PsycINFO, EBSCOhost (CINAHL), Web of Science, Google Scholar and ProQuest will be conducted. In addition, relevant organisational websites, dissertations, theses from university repositories and grey literature will be included. Further articles will be identified by searching references of relevant studies. Studies conducted in English in any year will be included. Two independent reviewers will screen identified literature sources based on predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Discrepancies will be resolved through discussion, therefore, negating the need for a third reviewer. Article data will be presented in tabular or graphical format along with a narrative summary. Ethics approval is not required. Findings will be disseminated through professional networks, peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.
A reliable change index (RCI) for the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2007
Crash risk perception of sleepy driving and its comparisons with drink driving and speeding: which behavior is perceived as the riskiest?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-10-2016
DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2015.1096350
Abstract: Driver sleepiness is a major crash risk factor but may be underrecognized as a risky driving behavior. Sleepy driving is usually rated as less of a road safety issue than more well-known risky driving behaviors, such as drink driving and speeding. The objective of this study was to compare perception of crash risk of sleepy driving, drink driving, and speeding. Three hundred Australian drivers completed a questionnaire that assessed crash risk perceptions for sleepy driving, drink driving, and speeding. Additionally, the participants' perceptions of crash risk were assessed for 5 different contextual scenarios that included different levels of sleepiness (low, high), driving duration (short, long), and time of day/circadian influences (afternoon, nighttime) of driving. The analysis confirmed that sleepy driving was considered a risky driving behavior but not as risky as high levels of speeding (P < .05). Yet, the risk of crashing at 4 a.m. was considered as equally risky as low levels of speeding (10 km over the limit). The comparisons of the contextual scenarios revealed driving scenarios that would arguably be perceived as quite risky because time of day/circadian influences were not reported as high risk. The results suggest a lack of awareness or appreciation of circadian rhythm functioning, particularly the descending phase of circadian rhythm that promotes increased sleepiness in the afternoon and during the early hours of the morning. Yet, the results suggested an appreciation of the danger associated with long-distance driving and driver sleepiness. Further efforts are required to improve the community's awareness of the impairing effects from sleepiness and, in particular, knowledge regarding the human circadian rhythm and the increased sleep propensity during the circadian nadir.
An investigation of the relationship between subjective sleep quality, loneliness and mood in an Australian sample: Can daily routine explain the links?
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 24-11-2010
Abstract: Background: Loneliness and low mood are associated with significant negative health outcomes including poor sleep, but the strength of the evidence underlying these associations varies. There is strong evidence that poor sleep quality and low mood are linked, but only emerging evidence that loneliness and poor sleep are associated. Aims: To independently replicate the finding that loneliness and poor subjective sleep quality are associated and to extend past research by investigating lifestyle regularity as a possible mediator of relationships, since lifestyle regularity has been linked to loneliness and poor sleep. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, 97 adults completed standardized measures of loneliness, lifestyle regularity, subjective sleep quality and mood. Results: Loneliness was a significant predictor of sleep quality. Lifestyle regularity was not a predictor of, nor associated with, mood, sleep quality or loneliness. Conclusions: This study provides an important independent replication of the association between poor sleep and loneliness. However, the mechanism underlying this link remains unclear. A theoretically plausible mechanism for this link, lifestyle regularity, does not explain the relationship between loneliness and poor sleep. The nexus between loneliness and poor sleep is unlikely to be broken by altering the social rhythm of patients who present with poor sleep and loneliness.
A preliminary investigation of the effectiveness of a sleep apnea education program
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2004
Correlates of naptime behaviors in preschool aged children
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.2147/NSS.S193115
What parents want: parent preference regarding sleep for their preschool child when attending early care and education
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEH.2015.11.002
Abstract: While most children cease napping between the ages of 2 and 5 years, across a range of international settings the allocation of a mandatory naptime is a common feature of the daily routine in Early Care and Education (ECE) programs for children of this age. Evidence regarding the developmental effects of napping is limited but, beyond age 2, is consistently associated with delayed night sleep onset and increased number of awakenings. The present study examined parent preferences towards napping in ECE. Participants were 750 parents of preschool-aged children attending a representative s le of Australian ECE programs across metropolitan, regional and rural sites in 2011. We analysed quantitative and open-ended questionnaire data from a large, longitudinal study of the effectiveness of Australian early education programs (E4Kids). Statistical analyses examined prevalence of parent preference for sleep and demographic correlates. Thematic analyses were employed to identify parents' rationale for this preference. The majority of parents (78.7%) preferred that their children did not regularly sleep while attending ECE. The dominant explanation provided by parents was that regular naps were no longer appropriate and adversely impacted their children's health and development. Parents of younger children were more likely to support regular naps. The results highlight a disjuncture between parent preferences and current sleep policy and practices in ECE. Further research is needed to establish evidence-based guidelines to support healthy sleep-rest practices in ECE. Such evidence will guide appropriate practice and support parent-educator communication regarding sleep and rest.
Weighing in on international growth standards: testing the case in Australian preschool children
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-07-2017
DOI: 10.1111/OBR.12581
Abstract: Overweight and obesity in preschool-aged children are major health concerns. Accurate and reliable estimates of prevalence are necessary to direct public health and clinical interventions. There are currently three international growth standards used to determine prevalence of overweight and obesity, each using different methodologies: Center for Disease Control (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO) and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Adoption and use of each method were examined through a systematic review of Australian population studies (2006-2017). For this period, systematically identified population studies (N = 20) reported prevalence of overweight and obesity ranging between 15 and 38% with most (n = 16) applying the IOTF standards. To demonstrate the differences in prevalence estimates yielded by the IOTF in comparison to the WHO and CDC standards, methods were applied to a s le of N = 1,926 Australian children, aged 3-5 years. As expected, the three standards yielded significantly different estimates when applied to this single population. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was WHO - 9.3%, IOTF - 21.7% and CDC - 33.1%. Judicious selection of growth standards, taking account of their underpinning methodologies and provisions of access to study data sets to allow prevalence comparisons, is recommended.
Postpartum sleepiness and sleepy driving in Australian mothers
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-10-2014
Rare variants in Fanconi anemia genes are enriched in acute myeloid leukemia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1201
Environmental Light Exposure Is Associated with Increased Body Mass in Children
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 06-01-2016
Measuring episodic memory: A novel approach with an indefinite number of alternative forms
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-06-2009
DOI: 10.1002/ACP.1591
Sleep-related crash characteristics: Implications for applying a fatigue definition to crash reports
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2015.11.024
Abstract: Sleep-related (SR) crashes are an endemic problem the world over. However, police officers report difficulties in identifying sleepiness as a crash contributing factor. One approach to improving the sensitivity of SR crash identification is by applying a proxy definition post hoc to crash reports. To identify the prominent characteristics of SR crashes and highlight the influence of proxy definitions, ten years of Queensland (Australia) police reports of crashes occurring in ≥100km/h speed zones were analysed. In Queensland, two approaches are routinely taken to identifying SR crashes. First, attending police officers identify crash causal factors one possible option is 'fatigue/fell asleep'. Second, a proxy definition is applied to all crash reports. Those meeting the definition are considered SR and added to the police-reported SR crashes. Of the 65,204 vehicle operators involved in crashes 3449 were police-reported as SR. Analyses of these data found that male drivers aged 16-24 years within the first two years of unsupervised driving were most likely to have a SR crash. Collision with a stationary object was more likely in SR than in not-SR crashes. Using the proxy definition 9739 (14.9%) crashes were classified as SR. Using the proxy definition removes the findings that SR crashes are more likely to involve males and be of high severity. Additionally, proxy defined SR crashes are no less likely at intersections than not-SR crashes. When interpreting crash data it is important to understand the implications of SR identification because strategies aimed at reducing the road toll are informed by such data. Without the correct interpretation, funding could be misdirected. Improving sleepiness identification should be a priority in terms of both improvement to police and proxy reporting.
The development, factor structure and psychometric properties of driving self-regulation scales for older adults: Has self-regulation evolved in the last 15 years?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2015.03.035
Abstract: The term driving self-regulation is typically used to describe the practice of drivers who avoid driving in situations that they regard as unsafe because of perceived physical impairment. Older adults report using this strategy to improve safety while retaining mobility. Self-regulation is typically assessed using the driving avoidance items from the driving habits questionnaire (DHQ) and the driver mobility questionnaire (DMQ-A). However, the psychometric properties of these measures are not well understood. Using data from 277 older drivers, exploratory factor analysis was used to test the homogeneity of three driving self-regulation scales: the DHQ, DMQ-A, and an extended DMQ-A. Good internal consistency for each of the scales was identified (all αs≥.9). A one factor solution was identified for two of the measures (DHQ, DMQ-A) and a two factor solution accounting for over 70% of the score variance was identified for the third measure. The two factors assessed situations that may be avoided while driving because of the "external" (e.g., weather-related) or "internal" (e.g., passenger-related) driving environments, respectively. The findings suggest that the interpretation of an overall summated scale score, or single-item interpretations, may not be appropriate. Instead, driving self-regulation may be a multifaceted construct comprised of distinct dimensions that have not been identified previously but can be reliably measured. These data have implications for our understanding of driving self-regulation by older adults and the way in which this behavior is measured.
The effects of sleep loss on young drivers’ performance: A systematic review
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 31-08-2017
Motivational interviewing (MINT) improves continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) acceptance and adherence: A randomized controlled trial
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1037/A0026302
Abstract: Adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is poor. We assessed the effectiveness of a motivational interviewing intervention (motivational interview nurse therapy [MINT]) in addition to best practice standard care to improve acceptance and adherence to CPAP therapy in people with a new diagnosis of OSA. One hundred six Australian adults (69% male) with a new diagnosis of OSA and a clinical recommendation for CPAP treatment were recruited from a tertiary sleep disorders center. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 3 sessions of a motivational interviewing intervention (MINT n = 53 mean age = 55.4 years) or no intervention (control n = 53 mean age = 57.74 years). The primary outcome was the difference between the groups in objective CPAP adherence at 1-month, 2-month, 3-month, and 12-month follow-ups. Fifty (94%) participants in the MINT group and 50 (94%) participants in the control group met all inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the primary analysis. The number of hours of CPAP use per night in the MINT group at 3 months was 4.63 hr and was 3.16 hr in the control group (p = .005). This represents almost 50% better adherence in the MINT group relative to the control group. Patients in the MINT group were substantially more likely to accept CPAP treatment. MINT is a brief, manualized, effective intervention that improves CPAP acceptance and objective adherence rates compared to standard care alone.
The Effect of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) on Subjective–Objective Sleep Discrepancy in Individuals with Co-Morbid Insomnia and Sleep Apnoea: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-02-2022
DOI: 10.3390/APP12041787
Abstract: People with insomnia frequently underestimate the duration of their sleep compared to objective polysomnography-measured sleep duration. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the most effective treatment for insomnia and also reduces the degree of sleep underestimation. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder characterised by frequent narrowing (hypopnoea) and closure (apnoea) of the upper airway during sleep. Comorbid insomnia and sleep apnoea (COMISA) is a prevalent and debilitating disorder. No study has investigated subjectively (sleep diary) versus objectively (polysomnography) measured sleep discrepancies (SOSD) in in iduals with COMISA before or following CBT-I. This randomised waitlist-controlled trial investigated SOSD in 145 participants with COMISA before and 6-weeks after CBT-I (n = 72) versus control (n = 73). All participants were studied prior to continuous positive airway pressure treatment for sleep apnoea. At baseline, participants underestimated their total sleep time (mean ± SD −51.9 ± 94.1 min) and sleep efficiency (−9.6 ± 18.3%), and overestimated sleep onset latency (34.5 ± 86.1 min all p = 0.001). Mixed models indicated a main effect of time on reduction of SOSD in both groups, but no between-group difference in the reduction of any SOSD parameters. These findings may indicate that untreated OSA contributes to a discrepancy between perceived and objective sleep parameters in people with COMISA that is not amenable to CBT-I alone (ACTRN12613001178730).
Author Correction: Germline mutations in mitochondrial complex I reveal genetic and targetable vulnerability in IDH1-mutant acute myeloid leukaemia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-07-2022
Hazard perception in novice and experienced drivers: The effects of sleepiness
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2009.03.016
Abstract: One driver skill that has been found to correlate with crash risk is hazard perception ability. The purpose of this study was to investigate how hazard perception latencies change between high and low sleepiness for a high risk group (novice drivers) and a lower risk group (experienced drivers). Thirty-two novice drivers (aged 17-24 years) and 30 experienced drivers (aged 28-36) completed a validated video-based hazard perception test, in which participants were asked to anticipate genuine traffic conflicts in footage filmed from the driver's perspective, with separate groups tested at either 10a.m. (lower sleepiness) or at 3a.m. (higher sleepiness). We found a significant interaction between sleepiness and experience, indicating that the hazard perception skills of the more experienced drivers were relatively unaffected by mild increases in sleepiness while the inexperienced drivers were significantly slowed. The findings suggest that the disproportionate sleepiness-related accident involvement of young, inexperienced drivers could be partly due to a slowing of their ability to anticipate traffic hazards.
Age and gender comparisons of driving while sleepy: Behaviours and risk perceptions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2011
Management of over-the-counter insomnia complaints in Australian community pharmacies: a standardized patient study
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 15-08-2014
DOI: 10.1111/IJPP.12052
Abstract: To evaluate the current management of over-the-counter (OTC) insomnia complaints in Australian community pharmacies using standardized patient methodology. Trained standardized patients visited a s le of 100 randomly selected South East Queensland community pharmacies in June 2011. The standardized patients enacted two OTC insomnia scenarios: a direct product request (DPR) (n = 50) and a symptom-based request (SBR) (n = 50). Results of the interactions were documented immediately after each visit and evaluated using the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia's WHAT STOP GO protocol as a standard comparison. Of all DPRs, 30% were handled entirely by the pharmacist, 70% of staff enquired about specific symptoms and 28% investigated the cause of insomnia. No staff investigated the frequency of product use. The DPR scenario resulted in a 92% supply of the requested doxylamine product (Restavit). In the SBR scenario, 18% of requests were handled entirely by the pharmacist, 58% of staff enquired about specific symptoms and 44% investigated the cause of insomnia. Staff recommended medicated products (38%), or herbal (78%) or non-drug techniques (18%). Investigation into smoking and alcohol intake was not undertaken in DPR or SBR interactions, while questioning on caffeine intake was undertaken in 2 and 14% of cases respectively. There were no significant differences found in the handling of sleep requests by pharmacists compared to pharmacy assistants. The standardized patient methodology was a successful way to assess the community pharmacy counselling provided with OTC sleep requests and suboptimal staff responses were found when compared with recommended practice standards.
Operationalising and evaluating sub-optimal and optimal play experiences through challenge-skill manipulation
Publisher: ACM
Date: 07-05-2016
An examination of the relationship between workload and fatigue within and across consecutive days of work: is the relationship static or dynamic?
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1037/A0014952
Abstract: Cognitive-energetical theories of information processing were used to generate predictions regarding the relationship between perceived workload and fatigue within and across consecutive days of work. Repeated measures were taken aboard a naval vessel from a s le of 20 Navy patrol vessel crew members during nonroutine and routine patrols. The hypotheses were tested through growth curve modeling. There was a nonmonotonic relationship between workload and fatigue in the routine patrol moderate workload was associated with the lowest fatigue. The relationship between workload and fatigue changed over consecutive days in the nonroutine patrol. At the beginning of the patrol, low workload was associated with fatigue. At the end of the patrol, high workload was associated with fatigue. These results suggest that the optimal level of workload can change over time and thus have implications for the management of fatigue, particularly where prolonged operations are involved.
Emotional climate and behavioral management during sleep time in early childhood education settings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Bright light alone or combined with caffeine improves sleepiness in chronically sleep-restricted young drivers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEEP.2022.03.013
Abstract: Young drivers are over-involved in sleepiness-related crashes. The alerting effects of bright light offer a potential countermeasure for driver sleepiness, either replacing or in conjunction with current countermeasures such as the use of caffeine. Thirty young (18-25) chronically sleep-restricted drivers drove in a simulator under randomized conditions of continuous bright light ('Light,' 500 nm, 230μw/cm Relative to Placebo, all conditions improved driving performance outcomes (P < 0.0001), with effects of Light + Caffeine equal to Light but greater than Caffeine. Light + Caffeine reduced EEG alpha power more than Light or Caffeine (P < 0.0006), but ECG outcomes were generally worse under all conditions relative to Placebo. Subjective sleepiness improved under the Light + Caffeine condition only (P < 0.0001). Combining bright light and caffeine enhances their alerting effects on lateral lane variability and subjective sleepiness. A bright light could be a practical alternative to caffeine for sleepy drivers who avoid caffeine. The alerting effects of bright light could alleviate chronic community-level mild sleep restriction and provide on-road benefits to reduce severe injuries and fatal sleepiness-related crashes.
Older adults’ safety perceptions of driving situations: Towards a new driving self-regulation scale
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2010.11.031
Abstract: The term 'driving self-restriction' is used in the road safety literature to describe the behaviour of some older drivers. It includes the notion that older drivers will avoid driving in specific, usually self-identified situations, such as those in which safety is compromised. We sought to identify the situations that older drivers report avoiding and, to determine the adequacy of a key measure of such behaviour. A s le of 75 drivers aged 65 years and older completed Baldock et al.'s modification of the Driving Habits Questionnaire avoidance items (Baldock et al., 2006), the Driving Behaviour Questionnaire, and open-ended items that elicited written descriptions of the most and least safe driving situation. Consistent with previous results, we found a relatively low level of driving self-restriction and infrequent episodes of aggressive violations. However, when combined with the situation descriptions, these data suggest that Driving Habits Questionnaire did not cover all of the situations that older drivers might choose avoid. We suggest that a new avoidance scale is needed and we present a new item pool that may be used for this purpose.
Geographical variations in the association between bullying victimization and sleep loss among adolescents: a population-based study of 91 countries
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEEP.2021.12.014
Abstract: To examine geographical variations in the association between bullying victimization and sleep loss over worry among adolescents. We used data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey conducted between 2003 and 2017 in 91 countries across the globe. Sleep loss was categorised as: none/minimum (reported never or rarely sleep loss), moderate (reported sometimes), and severe (reported most of the time or always). We obtained country-specific estimates from multiple multinomial logistic regression analyses and pooled estimates from meta-analyses. Of 282,036 adolescents 13-17 years of age, 28.1% (male: 25.4%, female: 31.0%) and 8.4% (male: 7.3%, female: 9.5%) of adolescents reported moderate and severe sleep loss respectively. Adolescents who frequently experienced bullying (≥3 per 30 days) reported higher prevalence of severe sleep loss. Meta-analyses showed that increased frequency of bullying victimization is associated with increased odds of sleep loss, with adolescents who experienced bullying for ≥3 days in the past 30 days were 1.65 and 2.65 times more likely than adolescents without being bullied to experience respectively moderate (OR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.59-1.72) and severe (OR 2.65, 95% CI: 2.52-2.79) sleep loss. Irrespective of sex, the association between bullying victimization and sleep loss was significant in all regions, income groups, and in all but a few countries. Increased frequency of bullying victimization is positively associated with increased sleep loss among adolescents. Appropriate policies and programmes to stop bullying at school could help downgrade the risk of sleep loss among adolescents.
Mandatory Nap Times and Group Napping Patterns in Child Care: An Observational Study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-01-2017
DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2015.1120199
Abstract: Policy provision for naps is typical in child care settings, but there is variability in the practices employed. One practice that might modify children's early sleep patterns is the allocation of a mandatory nap time in which all children are required to lie on their beds without alternate activity permitted. There is currently limited evidence of the effects of such practices on children's napping patterns. This study examined the association between duration of mandatory nap times and group-level napping patterns in child care settings. Observations were undertaken in a community s le of 113 preschool rooms with a scheduled nap time (N = 2,114 children). Results showed that 83.5% of child care settings implemented a mandatory nap time (range = 15-145 min) while 14.2% provided alternate activities for children throughout the nap time period. Overall, 31% of children napped during nap times. Compared to rooms with ≤ 30 min of mandatory nap time, rooms with 31-60 min and > 60 min of mandatory nap time had a two-and-a-half and fourfold increase, respectively, in the proportion of children napping. Nap onset latency did not significantly differ across groups. Among preschool children, exposure to longer mandatory nap times in child care may increase incidence of napping.
Supporting sleep in early care and education: an assessment of observed sleep times using a sleep practices optimality index
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEH.2015.12.005
Abstract: The aim was to investigate whether the sleep practices in early childhood education (ECE) settings align with current evidence on optimal practice to support sleep. Internationally, scheduled sleep times are a common feature of daily schedules in ECE settings, yet little is known about the degree to which care practices in these settings align with the evidence regarding appropriate support of sleep. Observations were conducted in 130 Australian ECE rooms attended by preschool children (Mean=4.9years). Of these rooms, 118 had daily scheduled sleep times. Observed practices were scored against an optimality index, the Sleep Environment and Practices Optimality Score, developed with reference to current evidence regarding sleep scheduling, routines, environmental stimuli, and emotional climate. Cluster analysis was applied to identify patterns and prevalence of care practices in the sleep time. Three sleep practices types were identified. Supportive rooms (36%) engaged in practices that maintained regular schedules, promoted routine, reduced environmental stimulation, and maintained positive emotional climate. The majority of ECE rooms (64%), although offering opportunity for sleep, did not engage in supportive practices: Ambivalent rooms (45%) were emotionally positive but did not support sleep Unsupportive rooms (19%) were both emotionally negative and unsupportive in their practices. Although ECE rooms schedule sleep time, many do not adopt practices that are supportive of sleep. Our results underscore the need for education about sleep supporting practice and research to ascertain the impact of sleep practices in ECE settings on children's sleep health and broader well-being.
Continuing to drive while sleepy: The influence of sleepiness countermeasures, motivation for driving sleepy, and risk perception
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2014.09.021
Abstract: Driver sleepiness is a major contributor to road crashes. The current study sought to examine the association between perceptions of effectiveness of six sleepiness countermeasures and their relationship with self-reports of continuing to drive while sleepy among 309 drivers after controlling for the influence of age, sex, motivation for driving sleepy, and risk perception of sleepy driving. The results demonstrate that the variables of age, sex, motivation, and risk perception were significantly associated with self-reports of continuing to drive while sleepy and only one countermeasure was associated with self-reports of continuing to drive while sleepy. Further, it was found that age differences in self-reports of continuing to drive while sleepy was mediated by participants' motivation and risk perception. These findings highlight modifiable factors that could be focused on with interventions that seek to modify drivers' attitudes and behaviours of driving while sleepy.
Germline mutations in mitochondrial complex I reveal genetic and targetable vulnerability in IDH1-mutant acute myeloid leukaemia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-05-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-022-30223-9
Abstract: The interaction of germline variation and somatic cancer driver mutations is under-investigated. Here we describe the genomic mitochondrial landscape in adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and show that rare variants affecting the nuclear- and mitochondrially-encoded complex I genes show near-mutual exclusivity with somatic driver mutations affecting isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 ( IDH1 ), but not IDH2 suggesting a unique epistatic relationship. Whereas AML cells with rare complex I variants or mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 all display attenuated mitochondrial respiration, heightened sensitivity to complex I inhibitors including the clinical-grade inhibitor, IACS-010759, is observed only for IDH1 -mutant AML. Furthermore, IDH1 mutant blasts that are resistant to the IDH1-mutant inhibitor, ivosidenib, retain sensitivity to complex I inhibition. We propose that the IDH1 mutation limits the flexibility for citrate utilization in the presence of impaired complex I activity to a degree that is not apparent in IDH2 mutant cells, exposing a mutation-specific metabolic vulnerability. This reduced metabolic plasticity explains the epistatic relationship between the germline complex I variants and oncogenic IDH1 mutation underscoring the utility of genomic data in revealing metabolic vulnerabilities with implications for therapy.
Toward the Multilevel Older Person’s Transportation and Road Safety Model: A New Perspective on the Role of Demographic, Functional, and Psychosocial Factors
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-09-2014
Abstract: Self-regulation refers to the practice of using self-imposed restrictions to protect oneself from situations that are, or are perceived to be, unsafe. Within the driving context, self-regulation refers the compensatory practices that some older adults adopt to restrict their driving to situations in which they feel safe. However, the way in which demographic, functional, and psychosocial factors, and the interactions between these factors, influence older adults' driving self-regulation is not well understood. Improving this understanding could lead to new ways of considering the mobility concerns faced by older drivers. A systematic review of the current literature was conducted to explore this issue. Twenty-nine empirical studies investigating the factors associated with older adults' self-regulatory driving behaviors were examined. The review findings were used to construct the Multilevel Older Persons Transportation and Road Safety (MOTRS) model. The MOTRS model proposes that in idual and environmental factors such as age, gender, and the availability of alternative transportation predict older adults' practice of driving-related self-regulation. However, these variables influence self-regulation through psychosocial variables such as driving confidence, affective attitude, and instrumental attitude toward driving. The MOTRS model extends previous attempts to model older adults' driving by focusing on a novel target, driving self-regulation, and by including a wider range of predictors identified on the basis of the systematic literature review. This focus enables consideration of broader mobility issues and may inform new strategies to support the mobility of older adults.
How realistic are older drivers' ratings of their driving ability?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2012.04.001
Abstract: One strategy that can be used by older drivers to guard against age-related declines in driving capability is to regulate their driving. This strategy presumes that self-judgments of driving capability are realistic. We found no significant relationships between older drivers' hazard perception skill ratings and performance on an objective and validated video-based hazard perception test, even when self-ratings of performance on specific scenarios in the test were used. Self-enhancement biases were found across all components of driving skill, including hazard perception. If older drivers' judgments of their driving capability are unrealistic, then this may compromise the effectiveness of any self-restriction strategies to reduce crash risk.
Safety behaviors and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep: Testing a cognitive model of the maintenance of insomnia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPSYCHORES.2006.03.002
Abstract: Our aim was to determine if insomnia severity, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, and depression predicted sleep-related safety behaviors. Standard sleep-related measures (such as the Insomnia Severity Index the Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep scale the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale and the Sleep-Related Behaviors Questionnaire) were administered. Additionally, 14 days of sleep diary (Pittsburg Sleep Diary) data and actual use of sleep-related behaviors were collected. Regression analysis revealed that dysfunctional beliefs about sleep predicted sleep-related safety behaviors. Insomnia severity did not predict sleep-related safety behaviors. Depression accounted for the greatest amount of unique variance in the prediction of safety behaviors, followed by dysfunctional beliefs. Exploratory analysis revealed that participants with higher levels of depression used more sleep-related behaviors and reported greater dysfunctional beliefs about their sleep. The findings underlie the significant influence that dysfunctional beliefs have on in iduals' behaviors. Moreover, the results suggest that depression may need to be considered as an explicit component of cognitive-behavioral models of insomnia.
Actigraphically Measured Sleep-Wake Behavior After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case-Control Study
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2017
Autonomic activity during human sleep as a function of time and sleep stage
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-12-2001
DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-2869.2001.00263.X
Abstract: While there is a developing understanding of the influence of sleep on cardiovascular autonomic activity in humans, there remain unresolved issues. In particular, the effect of time within the sleep period, independent of sleep stage, has not been investigated. Further, the influence of sleep on central sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity is uncertain because results using the major method applicable to humans, the low frequency (LF) component of heart rate variability (HRV), have been contradictory, and because the method itself is open to criticism. Sleep and cardiac activity were measured in 14 young healthy subjects on three nights. Data was analysed in 2-min epochs. All epochs meeting specified criteria were identified, beginning 2 h before, until 7 h after, sleep onset. Epoch values were allocated to 30-min bins and during sleep were also classified into stage 2, slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The measures of cardiac activity were heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), high frequency (HF) and LF components of HRV and pre-ejection period (PEP). During non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep autonomic balance shifted from sympathetic to parasympathetic dominance, although this appeared to be more because of a shift in parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity. Autonomic balance during REM was in general similar to wakefulness. For BP and the HF and LF components the change occurred abruptly at sleep onset and was then constant over time within each stage of sleep, indicating that any change in autonomic balance over the sleep period is a consequence of the changing distribution of sleep stages. Two variables, HR and PEP, did show time effects reflecting a circadian influence over HR and perhaps time asleep affecting PEP. While both the LF component and PEP showed changes consistent with reduced sympathetic tone during sleep, their pattern of change over time differed.
Poor sleep predicts subacute postconcussion symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-05-2016
DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2016.1172229
Abstract: The primary objective was to determine if poor sleep predicts postconcussion symptoms in the subacute period after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). The impact of poor sleep pre- and post-injury was examined. The research design was cross-sectional. After screening to detect response invalidity, 61 in iduals with a self-reported history of mild TBI 1-to-6 months prior answered an online fixed order battery of standardized questionnaires assessing their sleep (current and preinjury) and persistent postconcussion symptoms (Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, minus sleep, and fatigue items). The sleep measures were the Insomnia Severity Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, a single Likert-scale pre-injury sleep quality rating, and two PROMIS™ measures (sleep-related impairment and sleep disturbance). After controlling for the effects of preinjury sleep quality and demographics, the combination of the sleep measures made a significant contribution to the outcome (F[8,58] = 4.013, p = .001, [Formula: see text]). Only current sleep-related impairment (ß = .60, p .05), although it contributed 3% of the variance in NSI scores after controlling for demographics. Sleep-related impairment is a modifiable factor. As a significant contributor to neurobehavioral symptoms, treatment for post-injury sleep-related impairment warrants further attention.
Two new tools for assessing patients' knowledge and beliefs about obstructive sleep apnea and continuous positive airway pressure therapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2004
Psychosocial factors significantly predict driving self‐regulation in A ustralian older adults
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-11-2015
DOI: 10.1111/AJAG.12252
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate: (i) whether attitudes and beliefs about driving predict older adults' driving self-regulation, and how much variance in self-regulation can be explained by these factors and (ii) if driving confidence is controlled, whether attitudes and beliefs remain significant independent predictors of driving self-regulation. The present study examined the psychosocial factors that underlie driving self-regulation in 277 older adults within Australia. Participants completed standardised questionnaires about their driving, attitudes, belief and use of driving self-regulation. Driving confidence, affective and instrumental attitude, and perceived behavioural control were all significant predictors of driving self-regulation. The combination of these factors accounted for 56% of the variance in driving self-regulation. Driving self-regulation is a complex behaviour influenced by a wide range of psychosocial factors. Improved understanding of these factors could inform strategies to improve older driver safety and influence the advice that people receive.
Confirmatory factor analysis of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEEP.2007.08.004
Abstract: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS [Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep 1991 (6):540-5]) has been used frequently to assess daytime sleepiness, particularly in the context of clinical sleep disorders. Its psychometric properties are still unclear, particularly when used to evaluate sleep propensity in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. The present study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to investigate a potential single-factor structure of the ESS in a s le of 759 Australian patients with a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea by the treating physicians. CFA results from showed that the original single-factor structure proposed by Johns [Johns MW. Reliability and factor analysis of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep 1992 (4):376-81] did not adequately fit the data. A re-specified single-factor solution provided a good fit for data, and this improved fit was confirmed on a second CFA. The findings suggest that standard scoring of the ESS should be interpreted cautiously for patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.
Stop and revive? The effectiveness of nap and active rest breaks for reducing driver sleepiness
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-06-2014
DOI: 10.1111/PSYP.12256
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two commonly utilized sleepiness countermeasures: a nap break and an active rest break. The effects of the countermeasures were evaluated by physiological (EEG), subjective, and driving performance measures. Participants completed 2 h of simulated driving, followed by a 15-min nap break or a 15-min active rest break, then completed the final hour of simulated driving. The nap break reduced EEG and subjective sleepiness. The active rest break did not reduce EEG sleepiness, with sleepiness levels eventually increasing, and resulted in an immediate reduction of subjective sleepiness. No difference was found between the two breaks for the driving performance measure. The immediate reduction of subjective sleepiness after the active rest break could leave drivers with erroneous perceptions of their sleepiness, particularly with increases of physiological sleepiness after the break.
The relationship between cognitive ability, insight and self-regulatory behaviors: Findings from the older driver population
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2012.05.031
Abstract: Self-regulation is often promoted as a coping strategy that may allow older drivers to drive safely for longer. Self-regulation depends upon drivers making an accurate assessment of their own ability and having a willingness to practice self-regulatory behaviors to compensate for changes in ability. The current study explored the relationship between older drivers' cognitive ability, their driving confidence and their use of self-regulation. An additional study aim was to explore the relationship between these factors and older drivers' interest in driving programs. Seventy Australian drivers aged 65 years and over completed a questionnaire about their driving and a brief screening measure of cognitive ability (an untimed Clock Drawing Test). While all participants reported high levels of confidence regarding their driving ability, and agreed that they would continue driving in the foreseeable future, a notable proportion performed poorly on the Clock Drawing Test. Compared to older drivers who successfully completed the Clock Drawing Test, those who failed the cognitive test were significantly less likely to report driving self-regulation, and showed significantly less interest in being involved in driving programs. Older drivers with declining cognitive abilities may not be self-regulating their driving. This group also appears to be unlikely to self-refer to driving programs.
The effect of arousals during sleep onset on estimates of sleep onset latency
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2000
DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-2869.2000.00194.X
Abstract: It is well established that insomniacs overestimate sleep-onset latency. Furthermore, there is evidence that brief arousals from sleep may occur more frequently in insomnia. This study examined the hypothesis that brief arousals from sleep influence the perception of sleep-onset latency. An average of four sleep onsets was obtained from each of 20 normal subjects on each of two nonconsecutive, counterbalanced, experimental nights. The experimental nights consisted of a control night (control condition) and a condition in which a moderate respiratory load was applied to increase the frequency of microarousals during sleep onset (mask condition). Subjective estimation of sleep-onset latency and indices of sleep quality were assessed by self-report inventory. Objective measures of sleep-onset latency and microarousals were assessed using polysomnography. Results showed that sleep-onset latency estimates were longer in the mask condition than in the control condition, an effect not reflected in objective sleep-stage scoring of sleep-onset latency. Furthermore, an increase in the frequency of brief arousals from sleep was detected in the mask condition, and this is a possible source for the sleep-onset latency increase perceived by the subjects. Findings are consistent with the concept of a physiological basis for sleep misperception in insomnia.
Related Organisations
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Location: United States of America
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