ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7664-9971
Current Organisation
Swinburne University of Technology
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Metals and Alloy Materials | Nanomaterials | Water treatment processes | Maritime engineering | Manufacturing Engineering | Medical Devices | Biomaterials | Manufacturing Processes and Technologies (excl. Textiles) | Biomedical Engineering | Materials Engineering | Numerical Modelling and Mechanical Characterisation | Biological control | Ceramics | Regenerative Medicine (incl. Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering) | Ship and platform structures (incl. maritime hydrodynamics)
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Expanding Knowledge in Engineering | Coated Metal and Metal-Coated Products | Education and Training Systems not elsewhere classified | Skeletal System and Disorders (incl. Arthritis) | Medical Instruments | Expanding Knowledge in Technology |
Related Links
Publications
A comparison of the antifouling performance of air plasma spray (APS) ceramic and high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) coatings for use in marine hydraulic applications
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-05-2018
DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1465052
Abstract: Maritime hydraulic components are often exposed to harsh environmental conditions which can lead to accelerated deterioration, reduced function, equipment failure and costly repair. Two leading causes of maritime hydraulic failure are biofouling accumulation and corrosion. This study examined the antifouling performance of three candidate replacement high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) coatings relative to the performance of the current baseline air plasma spray (APS) ceramic coating for protection of hydraulic actuators. Following 20 weeks immersion at tropical and temperate field exposure sites, the control APS ceramic accumulated significantly greater levels of biofouling compared to the HVOF coatings. More specifically, the magnitude of growth of real-world nuisance hard fouling observed on in-service hydraulic components (eg calcareous tubeworms and encrusting bryozoans) was significantly greater on the APS ceramic relative to HVOF coatings. Possible explanations for the observed patterns include differences in surface topography and roughness, the electrochemical potential of the surfaces and the colour/brightness of the coatings.
Evolving Strategies for Producing Multiscale Graphene‐Enhanced Fiber‐Reinforced Polymer Composites for Smart Structural Applications
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-04-2020
Modelling Crack Growth in Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 and Inconel 625
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-07-2023
DOI: 10.3390/MET13071300
Abstract: This paper first examines crack growth in a range of tests on additively manufactured (AM) and conventionally manufactured Inconel 718. It is shown that whereas when the crack growth rate (da/dN) is plotted as a function of the range of the stress intensity factor (ΔK), the crack growth curves exhibit considerable scatter/variability, when da/dN is expressed in terms of the Schwalbe crack driving force (Δκ), then each of the 33 different curves essentially collapse onto a single curve. This relationship appears to hold over approximately six orders of magnitude in da/dN. The same phenomenon also appears to hold for 20 room temperature tests on both conventionally and additively manufactured Inconel 625. Given that the 53 studies examined in this paper were taken from a wide cross section of research studies it would appear that the variability in the da/dN and ΔK curves can (to a first approximation) be accounted for by allowing for the variability in the fatigue threshold and the cyclic fracture toughness terms in the Schwalbe crack driving force. As such, the materials science community is challenged to address the fundamental science underpinning this observation.
Perceptual rivalry across animal species
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2020
DOI: 10.1002/CNE.24939
Dscam2 affects visual perception in Drosophila melanogaster
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 09-06-2015
Multiscale mechanical performance and corrosion behaviour of plasma sprayed AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coatings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Analysis of the Effect of Machining of the Surfaces of WAAM 18Ni 250 Maraging Steel Specimens on Their Durability
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-12-2022
DOI: 10.3390/MA15248890
Abstract: It is now well-known that the interaction between surface roughness and surface-breaking defects can significantly degrade the fatigue life of additively manufactured (AM) parts. This is also aptly illustrated in the author’s recent study on the durability of wire and arc additively manufactured (WAAM) 18Ni 250 Maraging steel specimens, where it was reported that failure occurred due to fatigue crack growth that arose due to the interaction between the surface roughness and surface-breaking material defects. To improve the durability of an AM part, several papers have suggested the machining of rough surfaces. However, for complex geometries the fully machining of the entire rough surface is not always possible and the effect of the partial machining on durability is unknown. Therefore, this paper investigates if partial machining of WAAM 18Ni 250 Maraging steel surfaces will help to improve the durability of these specimens. Unfortunately, the result of this investigation has shown that partial machining may not significantly improve durability of WAAM 18Ni 250 Maraging steel specimens. Due to the order of surface roughness seen in WAAM 250 Maraging steel, the improvement to durability is only realized by full machining to completely remove the remnants of any print artefacts.
Effects of WC Particle Size on Deposition of Cold Spray WC-Co Coatings
Publisher: DVS Media GmbH
Date: 03-05-2010
DOI: 10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2010P0768
Abstract: Cold spray is a material deposition process that uses a high pressure, high velocity gas jet for the deformation and bonding of particles. However, deposition of brittle or hard materials such as ceramics has not been successful: unless they are co-deposited with a ductile matrix material. This paper examines the WC particle size and its influence on the deposition of Co-based cermets. Micro- and nano-structured powders with similar Co content were employed. Varying the WC particle size influenced significantly the deposition efficiency of the coating process. Micrometer-structured WC-Co feedstocks did not permit coating build up when processed under comparable or elevated thermal spray parameters used for the nanostructured WC-Co feedstocks. In addition, micrometer-structured WC-Co coatings exhibited a conjoint erosion and deposition effect on the surface. Fine WC particles (& μm) were observed near to the substrate interface and larger WC particles (1-2 μm) in the vicinity of the coating surface. These observations indicate the existence of a critical WC particle size for deposition by the cold spray method and that the size criteria arises due to the formation and cohesion mechanisms within the coating layer.
Suspension High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (SHVOF)-Sprayed Alumina Coatings: Microstructure, Nanoindentation and Wear
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-10-2016
Antibacterial Longevity of a Novel Gallium Liquid Metal/Hydroxyapatite Composite Coating Fabricated by Plasma Spray
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 13-04-2022
<em>In Vivo</em> Single-Molecule Tracking at the Drosophila Presynaptic Motor Nerve Terminal
Publisher: MyJove Corporation
Date: 14-01-2018
DOI: 10.3791/56952
Investigating the anisotropic mechanical properties of plasma sprayed yttria-stabilised zirconia coatings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
Evaluating the influence of microstructural attributes: Fraction, composition, size and spatial distribution of phases on the oxidation behaviour of high-entropy alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
The Yin and Yang of Sleep and Attention
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
Development of composite high entropy-medium entropy alloy coating
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Behavioral and electrophysiological analysis of general anesthesia in 3 background strains ofDrosophila melanogaster
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2015
Influence of charged defects on the interfacial bonding strength of tantalum- and silver-doped nanograined TiO2
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1039/C7CP02000G
Abstract: The negatively charged defects and accumulated electrons at the interfacial layer of tantalum- and silver-doped nanograined TiO 2 increase its bonding strength.
Closed-Loop Behavioral Control Increases Coherence in the Fly Brain
Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
Date: 15-07-2015
Oscillations in the central brain of Drosophila are phase locked to attended visual features
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 11-11-2020
Abstract: There is increasing evidence that even the smallest animal brains provide a capacity for selective attention and subjective awareness, but it is unknown if similar mechanisms might be employed as in higher animals. Recent work in insects highlights a brain structure, the central complex (CX), which could support selective attention processes. Recording from the CX of behaving flies making decisions in a virtual reality environment, we show that visual selection is achieved by phase-controlled endogenous 20- to 30-Hz oscillations that lock onto temporal features of attended visual objects. This suggests an oscillation-driven binding mechanism in the insect brain that employs a similar beta frequency range as has been observed for feature binding in humans.
Manufacturing of nickel based cermet coatings by the HVOF process
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-02-2016
Cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based cermet coatings for monel K-500
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Development of high entropy alloys in Australia: a review
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-10-2021
Fe-based amorphous coating for high-temperature wear, marine and low pH environments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Sleep Restores Behavioral Plasticity to Drosophila Mutants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
How deeply does your mutant sleep? Probing arousal to better understand sleep defects in Drosophila
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-02-2015
DOI: 10.1038/SREP08454
Abstract: The fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, has become a critical model system for investigating sleep functions. Most studies use duration of inactivity to measure sleep. However, a defining criterion for sleep is decreased behavioral responsiveness to stimuli. Here we introduce the Drosophila ARousal Tracking system (DART), an integrated platform for efficiently tracking and probing arousal levels in animals. This video-based platform delivers positional and locomotion data, behavioral responsiveness to stimuli, sleep intensity measures and homeostatic regulation effects – all in one combined system. We show how insight into dynamically changing arousal thresholds is crucial for any sleep study in flies. We first find that arousal probing uncovers different sleep intensity profiles among related genetic background strains previously assumed to have equivalent sleep patterns. We then show how sleep duration and sleep intensity can be uncoupled, with distinct manipulations of dopamine function producing opposite effects on sleep duration but similar sleep intensity defects. We conclude by providing a multi-dimensional assessment of combined arousal and locomotion metrics in the mutant and background strains. Our approach opens the door for deeper insights into mechanisms of sleep regulation and provides a new method for investigating the role of different genetic manipulations in controlling sleep and arousal.
Proportional downscaling of glutamatergic release sites by the general anesthetic propofol at Drosophila motor nerve terminals
Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0422-19.2020
Abstract: Propofol is the most common general anesthetic used for surgery in humans, yet its complete mechanism of action remains elusive. In addition to potentiating inhibitory synapses in the brain, propofol also impairs excitatory neurotransmission. We use electrophysiological recordings from in idual glutamatergic boutons in male and female larval Drosophila melanogaster motor nerve terminals to characterize this effect. We recorded from two bouton types, which have distinct presynaptic physiology and different average numbers of release sites or active zones. We show that a clinically relevant dose of propofol (3 μ m ) impairs neurotransmitter release similarly at both bouton types by decreasing the number of active release sites by half, without affecting release probability. In contrast, an analog of propofol has no effect on glutamate release. Coexpressing a truncated syntaxin1A protein in presynaptic boutons completely blocked this effect of propofol. Overexpressing wild-type syntaxin1A in boutons also conferred a level of resistance by increasing the number of active release sites to a physiological ceiling set by the number of active zones or T-bars, and in this way counteracting the effect of propofol. These results point to the presynaptic release machinery as a target for the general anesthetic. Proportionally equivalent effects of propofol on the number of active release sites across the different bouton types suggests that glutamatergic circuits that involve smaller boutons with fewer release sites may be more vulnerable to the presynaptic effects of the drug.
Study of Mechanical Performance and Residual Stress in Kinetic Metallization WC-Co Coatings
Publisher: ASM International
Date: 07-05-2018
DOI: 10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2018P0062
Abstract: The metal finishing process of electrolytic hard chrome (EHC) plating has been identified as a source of environmental pollution in most industrialized countries like Australia, Europe and USA. The key driver for the technology replacement is that the EHC plating process uses hexavalent chromium, which is a known carcinogen. Our previous research has identified that cold spray nanostructured tungsten carbide cobalt (WC-Co) coatings can be a suitable alternative to provide a functional coating in wear applications. This work explores at another similar technology- Kinetic Metallization for deposition of WC-Co coatings. In this work, the objective is to characterize the residual stress profile of these WC-Co coatings that are deposited by the latest KM systems. These coating systems are used in critical applications such as landing gear pistons and axle journals, hydraulic rods, engine shaft journals, and numerous other external surfaces that operate under high cyclic loading conditions. As such, the residual stress developed during the KM coating process has a significant influence on the fatigue properties of the components. Thus, knowledge of stresses and their linkage with other properties and production parameters is essential for the quality control of these critical structures.
Characterization and Slurry Erosion Mechanisms of Nickel-Based Cermet Coatings on Monel K-500
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-10-2021
Modelling, fabrication and characterization of graphene/polymer nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Correction: Publisher Correction: In vivo single-molecule imaging of syntaxin1A reveals polyphosphoinositide- and activity-dependent trapping in presynaptic nanoclusters
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-04-2018
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS16191
Abstract: Nature Communications 7: Article number: 13660 (2016) Published: 16 December 2016 Updated: 10 April 2018 The original HTML version of this Article had an incorrect volume number of 8 it should have been 7. This has now been corrected in the HTML the PDF version of the Article was correct from the time of publication.
Transient dysregulation of dopamine signaling in a developing Drosophila arousal circuit permanently impairs behavioral responsiveness in adults
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 13-02-2017
Relationships Between In-Flight Characteristics and Microstructural Properties of Plasma Sprayed Yttria Stabilized Zirconia
Publisher: DVS Media GmbH
Date: 21-05-2014
DOI: 10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2014P0173
Abstract: This study investigates relationships between in-flight particle characteristics and the microstructural properties of air plasma sprayed YSZ. Particle velocity and temperature were measured at different stand-off distances and contour plots were created. Coating porosity and hardness were measured and plotted over the same area. It is shown that in-flight particle characteristics are strongly affected by particle size distribution. Smaller particles in trajectories above the torch central axis were found to be 10 m/sec slower on average than larger particles in the center and lower section of the plume. The section of the plume with the highest temperatures and velocities is about 2 mm below the central axis and is shown to generate dense, hard layers with less than 7% porosity and hardness values on the order of 700 HV. Reynolds numbers determined from in-flight particle data also provide an indication of microstructural properties where Reynolds numbers exceed 1000, coating porosity is less than 5%.
Further thoughts on EIDS and the durability analysis of WAAM 18Ni 250 steel with rough surfaces
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1111/FFE.13938
Development of Processing Windows for HVOF Carbide-Based Coatings
Publisher: ASM International
Date: 11-05-2015
DOI: 10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2015P0976
Abstract: This paper discusses the development of optimized processing windows for spraying high quality metal carbide-based coatings using advanced particle diagnostic technology. The cermet coatings are produced via the high velocity oxygen fuel spray process (HVOF) and are intended to be used in severe service applications such as marine hydraulics. To develop suitable coating process parameters, the traditional “trial and error” method is not technically robust, is costly and time consuming. Instead we investigated the use of real-time monitoring of parameters associated with the HVOF flame jets and particles using advanced in-flight particle diagnostics. Subsequently, coatings can be produced with knowledge concerning the molten particle size, temperature and velocity profile. The analytical results allow identification of optimized coating process windows, which translate to coatings of lower porosity and improved mechanical performance.
Observations on comparable aluminium alloy crack growth curves: Additively manufactured Scalmalloy® as an alternative to AA5754 and AA6061-T6 alloys?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Using Drosophila to Understand General Anesthesia: From Synapses to Behavior
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1016/BS.MIE.2018.02.003
Abstract: Investigating mechanisms of general anesthesia requires access to multiple levels of neuronal function, from effects at in idual synapses to responses in behaving animals. Drosophila melanogaster provides an excellent model to test different theories for general anesthesia because it offers robust methods for testing local as well as global target processes, in an animal that is similarly impacted by these erse drugs as humans. Here, we outline methods to quantify two such endpoints, neurotransmission and behavioral responsiveness, focusing on the intravenous drug propofol.
General anesthesia reduces complexity and temporal asymmetry of the informational structures derived from neural recordings in Drosophila
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 22-05-2020
A Paradoxical Kind of Sleep in Drosophila melanogaster
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
A Comparison of the Damage Tolerance of AA7075-T6, AA2024-T3, and Boeing Space, Intelligence, and Weapons Systems AM-Built LPBF Scalmalloy
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-08-2023
DOI: 10.3390/AEROSPACE10080733
Abstract: This paper first presents the results of an experimental study into the damage tolerance of AA7075-T6, which is widely used in both fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft, space structures, and laser bed powder fusion (LBPF) Scalmalloy specimens built by Boeing Space, Intelligence, and Weapons Systems. To this end, four single edge notch AA7075-T6 specimens and four identical single edge notch LBPF Scalmalloy specimens were tested. The resultant crack growth curves reveal that Boeing Space, Intelligence, and Weapons Systems AM-built Scalmalloy is more damage tolerant than conventionally built AA7075-T6. This finding leads to the observation that the da/dN versus ΔK curves associated with Scalmalloy and conventionally manufactured AA2024-T3 are similar. These findings highlight the potential for Boeing Space, Intelligence, and Weapons Systems AM-built Scalmalloy to be used to extend the operational lives of military aircraft by the on-demand printing of limited-life Scalmalloy replacement parts.
Selective attention in the honeybee optic lobes precedes behavioral choices
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 17-03-2014
Abstract: Attention, observed in a wide variety of animals from insects to humans, involves selectively attending to behaviorally relevant stimuli while filtering out other stimuli. We designed a paradigm that allowed us to record brain activity in tethered, walking bees selecting virtual visual objects. We found that stimulus-specific brain activity increased when the bees controlled the position of the visual objects, and that activity decreased when bees were not in control. When bees were presented with competing objects, brain activity in the optic lobes preceded behavioral choices this suggests that in animals with tiny brains, such as bees, attention-like processes are pushed far out into the sensory periphery. This trait is likely important for efficiently navigating complex visual environments.
What is unconsciousness in a fly or a worm? A review of general anesthesia in different animal models
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CONCOG.2016.06.017
Abstract: All animals are rendered unresponsive by general anesthetics. In humans, this is observed as a succession of endpoints from memory loss to unconsciousness to immobility. Across animals, anesthesia endpoints such as loss of responsiveness or immobility appear to require significantly different drug concentrations. A closer examination in key model organisms such as the mouse, fly, or the worm, uncovers a trend: more complex behaviors, either requiring several sub-behaviors, or multiple neural circuits working together, are more sensitive to volatile general anesthetics. This trend is also evident when measuring neural correlates of general anesthesia. Here, we review this complexity hypothesis in humans and model organisms, and attempt to reconcile these findings with the more recent view that general anesthetics potentiate endogenous sleep pathways in most animals. Finally, we propose a presynaptic mechanism, and thus an explanation for how these drugs might compromise a succession of brain functions of increasing complexity.
Activity-Dependent Global Downscaling of Evoked Neurotransmitter Release across Glutamatergic Inputs inDrosophila
Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
Date: 14-09-2020
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0349-20.2020
Abstract: Within mammalian brain circuits, activity-dependent synaptic adaptations, such as synaptic scaling, stabilize neuronal activity in the face of perturbations. Stability afforded through synaptic scaling involves uniform scaling of quantal litudes across all synaptic inputs formed on neurons, as well as on the postsynaptic side. It remains unclear whether activity-dependent uniform scaling also operates within peripheral circuits. We tested for such scaling in a Drosophila larval neuromuscular circuit, where the muscle receives synaptic inputs from different motoneurons. We used motoneuron-specific genetic manipulations to increase the activity of only one motoneuron and recordings of postsynaptic currents from inputs formed by the different motoneurons. We discovered an adaptation which caused uniform downscaling of evoked neurotransmitter release across all inputs through decreases in release probabilities. This “presynaptic downscaling” maintained the relative differences in neurotransmitter release across all inputs around a homeostatic set point, caused a compensatory decrease in synaptic drive to the muscle affording robust and stable muscle activity, and was induced within hours. Presynaptic downscaling was associated with an activity-dependent increase in Drosophila vesicular glutamate transporter expression. Activity-dependent uniform scaling can therefore manifest also on the presynaptic side to produce robust and stable circuit outputs. Within brain circuits, uniform downscaling on the postsynaptic side is implicated in sleep- and memory-related processes. Our results suggest that evaluation of such processes might be broadened to include uniform downscaling on the presynaptic side. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT To date, compensatory adaptations which stabilise target cell activity through activity-dependent global scaling have been observed only within central circuits, and on the postsynaptic side. Considering that maintenance of stable activity is imperative for the robust function of the nervous system as a whole, we tested whether activity-dependent global scaling could also manifest within peripheral circuits. We uncovered a compensatory adaptation which causes global scaling within a peripheral circuit and on the presynaptic side through uniform downscaling of evoked neurotransmitter release. Unlike in central circuits, uniform scaling maintains functionality over a wide, rather than a narrow, operational range, affording robust and stable activity. Activity-dependent global scaling therefore operates on both the presynaptic and postsynaptic sides to maintain target cell activity.
Residual Stress Analysis of Cold Spray Coatings Sprayed at Angles Using Through-thickness Neutron Diffraction Measurement
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-08-2021
Down-regulation of a cytokine secreted from peripheral fat bodies improves visual attention while reducing sleep in drosophila
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 03-08-2020
Mechanical Properties of Strontium–Hardystonite–Gahnite Coating Formed by Atmospheric Plasma Spray
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-11-2019
Abstract: In this work, we measured the mechanical properties and tested the cell viability of a bioceramic coating, strontium–hardystonite–gahnite (Sr–HT–G, Sr–Ca2ZnSi2O7–ZnAl2O4), to evaluate potential use of this novel bioceramic for bone regeneration applications. The evaluation of Sr–HT–G coatings deposited via atmospheric plasma spray (APS) onto Ti–6Al–4V substrates have been contrasted to the properties of the well-known commercial standard coating of hydroxyapatite (HAp: Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2). The Sr–HT–G coating exhibited uniform distribution of hardness and elastic moduli across its cross-section whereas the HAp coating presented large statistical variations of these distributions. The Sr–HT–G coating also revealed higher results of microhardness, nanohardness and elastic moduli than those shown for the HAp coating. The nanoscratch tests for the Sr–HT–G coating presented a low volume of material removal without high plastic deformation, while the HAp coating revealed ploughing behaviour with a large pileup of materials and plastic deformation along the scratch direction. Furthermore, nanoscanning wear tests indicated that Sr–HT–G had a lower wear volume than the HAp coating. The Sr–HT–G coating had slightly higher cell attachment density and spreading area compared to the HAp coating indicating that both coatings have good biocompatibility for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).
Modeling the coverage of splat areas arising from thermal spray processes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-03-2012
On the Solid Solution Strengthening in Crmonbtiw Refractory High Entropy Alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3718103
Plasma-Sprayed High Entropy Alloys: Microstructure and Properties of AlCoCrFeNi and MnCoCrFeNi
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-11-2015
Thermal Spray High-Entropy Alloy Coatings: A Review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-05-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S11666-020-01047-0
Abstract: High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a new generation of materials that exhibit unique characteristics and properties, and are demonstrating potential in the form of thermal spray coatings for demanding environments. The use of HEAs as feedstock for coating processes has advanced due to reports of their exceptional properties in both bulk and coating forms. Emerging reports of thermal sprayed HEA coatings outperforming conventional materials have accelerated further exploration of this field. This early-stage review discusses the outcomes of combining thermal spray and HEAs. Various synthesis routes adopted for HEA feedstock preparation and their properties are discussed, with reference to the requirements of thermal spray processing. The HEA feedstock is then compared and correlated with coating microstructure and phase composition as a function of the thermal spray processing route. Subsequently, the mechanical behavior of thermal spray HEA coatings is summarized in terms of porosity, hardness, and tribological properties, along with their oxidation and electrochemical properties, followed by their potential applications. The thermal spray methods are contrasted against laser cladding and surface alloying techniques for synthesizing thick HEA coatings. Furthermore, HEAs that have displayed excellent properties via alternative processing routes, but have not been explored within the framework of thermal spray, are recommended.
Novel Al2CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coating produced using suspension high velocity air fuel (SHVAF) spraying
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-0007
Turning to Drosophila for help in resolving general anesthesia
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 29-09-2020
A deep sleep stage in Drosophila with a functional role in waste clearance
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 22-01-2021
Abstract: Proboscis extension–mediated waste clearance during deep sleep in Drosophila reveals a conserved primordial function of sleep.
Syntaxin1A neomorphic mutations promote rapid recovery from isoflurane anesthesia in Drosophila melanogaster
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002850
Abstract: Mutations in the presynaptic protein syntaxin1A modulate general anesthetic effects in vitro and in vivo. Coexpression of a truncated syntaxin1A protein confers resistance to volatile and intravenous anesthetics, suggesting a target mechanism distinct from postsynaptic inhibitory receptor processes. Hypothesizing that recovery from anesthesia may involve a presynaptic component, the authors tested whether syntaxin1A mutations facilitated recovery from isoflurane anesthesia in Drosophila melanogaster. A truncated syntaxin1A construct was expressed in Drosophila neurons. The authors compared effects on isoflurane induction versus recovery in syntaxin1A mutant animals by probing behavioral responses to mechanical stimuli. The authors also measured synaptic responses from the larval neuromuscular junction using sharp intracellular recordings, and performed Western blots to determine whether the truncated syntaxin1A is associated with presynaptic core complexes. Drosophila expressing a truncated syntaxin1A (syx227, n = 40) were resistant to isoflurane induction for a behavioral responsiveness endpoint (ED50 0.30 ± 0.01% isoflurane, P & 0.001) compared with control (0.240 ± 0.002% isoflurane, n = 40). Recovery from isoflurane anesthesia was also faster, with syx227-expressing flies showing greater levels of responsiveness earlier in recovery (reaction proportion 0.66 ± 0.48, P & 0.001, n = 68) than controls (0.22 ± 0.42, n = 68 and 0.33 ± 0.48, n = 66). Measuring excitatory junction potentials of larvae coexpressing the truncated syntaxin1A protein showed a greater recovery of synaptic function, compared with controls (17.39 ± 3.19 mV and 10.29 ± 4.88 mV, P = 0.014, n = 8 for both). The resistance-promoting truncated syntaxin1A was not associated with presynaptic core complexes, in the presence or absence of isoflurane anesthesia. The same neomorphic syntaxin1A mutation that confers isoflurane resistance in cell culture and nematodes also produces isoflurane resistance in Drosophila. Resistance in Drosophila is, however, most evident at the level of recovery from anesthesia, suggesting that the syntaxin1A target affects anesthesia maintenance and recovery processes rather than induction. The absence of truncated syntaxin1A from the presynaptic complex suggests that the resistance-promoting effect of this molecule occurs before core complex formation.
Downregulation of a satiety signal from peripheral fat bodies improves visual attention while reducing sleep need in Drosophila.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 17-10-2019
DOI: 10.1101/808998
Abstract: Sleep is vital for survival. Yet, under environmentally challenging conditions such as starvation, animals suppress their need for sleep. Interestingly, starvation-induced sleep loss does not evoke a subsequent sleep rebound. Little is known about how starvation-induced sleep deprivation differs from other types of sleep loss, or why some sleep functions become dispensable during starvation. Here we demonstrate that downregulation of unpaired-2 ( upd2 , the Drosophila ortholog of leptin), is sufficient to mimic a starved-like state in flies. We use this ‘genetically starved’ state to investigate the consequences of a starvation signal on visual attention and sleep in otherwise well-fed flies, thereby sidestepping the negative side-effects of undernourishment. We find that knockdown of upd2 in the fat body is sufficient to suppress sleep while also increasing selective visual attention and promoting night-time feeding. Further, we show that this peripheral signal is integrated in the fly brain via insulin-expressing cells. Together, these findings identify a role for peripheral tissue-to-brain interactions in the simultaneous regulation of sleep and attention, to potentially promote adaptive behaviors necessary for survival in hungry animals. Sleep is important for maintaining both physiological (e.g., metabolic, immunological, and developmental) and cognitive processes, such as selective attention. Under nutritionally impoverished conditions, animals suppress sleep and increase foraging to locate food. Yet it is currently unknown how an animal is able to maintain well-tuned cognitive processes, despite being sleep deprived. Here we investigate this question by studying flies that have been genetically engineered to lack a satiety signal, and find that signaling from fat bodies in the periphery to insulin-expressing cells in the brain simultaneously regulates sleep need and attention-like processes.
Integrated information structure collapses with anesthetic loss of conscious arousal in Drosophila melanogaster
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 26-02-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PCBI.1008722
Abstract: The physical basis of consciousness remains one of the most elusive concepts in current science. One influential conjecture is that consciousness is to do with some form of causality, measurable through information. The integrated information theory of consciousness (IIT) proposes that conscious experience, filled with rich and specific content, corresponds directly to a hierarchically organised, irreducible pattern of causal interactions i.e. an integrated informational structure among elements of a system. Here, we tested this conjecture in a simple biological system (fruit flies), estimating the information structure of the system during wakefulness and general anesthesia. Consistent with this conjecture, we found that integrated interactions among populations of neurons during wakefulness collapsed to isolated clusters of interactions during anesthesia. We used classification analysis to quantify the accuracy of discrimination between wakeful and anesthetised states, and found that informational structures inferred conscious states with greater accuracy than a scalar summary of the structure, a measure which is generally ch ioned as the main measure of IIT. In stark contrast to a view which assumes feedforward architecture for insect brains, especially fly visual systems, we found rich information structures, which cannot arise from purely feedforward systems, occurred across the fly brain. Further, these information structures collapsed uniformly across the brain during anesthesia. Our results speak to the potential utility of the novel concept of an “informational structure” as a measure for level of consciousness, above and beyond simple scalar values.
Data-Constrained Modelling with multi-energy X-ray computed microtomography to evaluate the porosity of plasma sprayed ceramic coatings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Oscillatory brain activity in spontaneous and induced sleep stages in flies
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-11-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-017-02024-Y
Abstract: Sleep is a dynamic process comprising multiple stages, each associated with distinct electrophysiological properties and potentially serving different functions. While these phenomena are well described in vertebrates, it is unclear if invertebrates have distinct sleep stages. We perform local field potential (LFP) recordings on flies spontaneously sleeping, and compare their brain activity to flies induced to sleep using either genetic activation of sleep-promoting circuitry or the GABA A agonist Gaboxadol. We find a transitional sleep stage associated with a 7–10 Hz oscillation in the central brain during spontaneous sleep. Oscillatory activity is also evident when we acutely activate sleep-promoting neurons in the dorsal fan-shaped body (dFB) of Drosophila . In contrast, sleep following Gaboxadol exposure is characterized by low- litude LFPs, during which dFB-induced effects are suppressed. Sleep in flies thus appears to involve at least two distinct stages: increased oscillatory activity, particularly during sleep induction, followed by desynchronized or decreased brain activity.
Adhesive Prebiotic Chemistry Inspired Coatings for Bone Contacting Applications
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 29-03-2017
Explaining general anesthesia: A two‐step hypothesis linking sleep circuits and the synaptic release machinery
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-01-2014
Abstract: Several general anesthetics produce their sedative effect by activating endogenous sleep pathways. We propose that general anesthesia is a two-step process targeting sleep circuits at low doses, and synaptic release mechanisms across the entire brain at the higher doses required for surgery. Our hypothesis synthesizes data from a variety of model systems, some which require sleep (e.g. rodents and adult flies) and others that probably do not sleep (e.g. adult nematodes and cultured cell lines). Non-sleeping systems can be made insensitive (or hypersensitive) to some anesthetics by modifying a single pre-synaptic protein, syntaxin1A. This suggests that the synaptic release machinery, centered on the highly conserved SNARE complex, is an important target of general anesthetics in all animals. A careful consideration of SNARE architecture uncovers a potential mechanism for general anesthesia, which may be the primary target in animals that do not sleep, but a secondary target in animals that sleep.
Tantalum- and Silver-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanosheets Film: Influence on Interfacial Bonding Structure and Hardness of the Surface System
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-12-2016
Characterising crack growth in commercially pure titanium
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Corrosion and mechanical performance of HVOF WC-based coatings with alloyed nickel binder for use in marine hydraulic applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
A conserved role for sleep in supporting Spatial Learning in Drosophila
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 21-09-2020
Abstract: Sleep loss and aging impair hippoc us-dependent Spatial Learning in mammalian systems. Here we use the fly Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the relationship between sleep and Spatial Learning in healthy and impaired flies. The Spatial Learning assay is modeled after the Morris Water Maze. The assay uses a “thermal maze” consisting of a 5 × 5 grid of Peltier plates maintained at 36–37°C and a visual panorama. The first trial begins when a single tile that is associated with a specific visual cue is cooled to 25°C. For subsequent trials, the cold tile is heated, the visual panorama is rotated and the flies must find the new cold tile by remembering its association with the visual cue. Significant learning was observed with two different wild-type strains—Cs and 2U, validating our design. Sleep deprivation prior to training impaired Spatial Learning. Learning was also impaired in the classic learning mutant rutabaga (rut) enhancing sleep restored learning to rut mutants. Further, we found that flies exhibited a dramatic age-dependent cognitive decline in Spatial Learning starting at 20–24 days of age. These impairments could be reversed by enhancing sleep. Finally, we find that Spatial Learning requires dopaminergic signaling and that enhancing dopaminergic signaling in aged flies restored learning. Our results are consistent with the impairments seen in rodents and humans. These results thus demonstrate a critical conserved role for sleep in supporting Spatial Learning, and suggest potential avenues for therapeutic intervention during aging.
Mechanical performance and residual stress of WC-Co coatings manufactured by Kinetic Metallization™
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Empirical and Computational-Based Phase Predictions of Thermal Sprayed High-Entropy Alloys
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-04-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S11666-023-01586-2
Abstract: Due to the wide range of compositional possibilities in the high-entropy alloy (HEA) field, empirical models and the CALPHAD method have been implemented to efficiently design HEAs. Although most design strategies have been tested on as-cast alloys, their validation for thermal sprayed HEA coatings is lacking. In this work, empirical models and the CALPHAD method under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions are assessed for phase prediction in five HEAs in the as-cast, laser clad and thermal sprayed conditions. High-velocity oxygen fuel coatings were prepared for these five HEAs, and their phases were identified by the x-ray diffraction analysis. These processes, even though their cooling rates vary significantly, show similar phase formation as indicated by a literature review and the current experimental study. The CALPHAD equilibrium calculation predicted most of the phases at specified temperatures. Furthermore, the CALPHAD-based non-equilibrium simulations correctly predicted the major phases present in the HEA coatings. The empirical models also show good prediction capability, but the intermetallic sigma phase is problematic for the parameter-based models. Therefore, the CALPHAD method can be used to efficiently design and develop HEAs prepared under conditions that encompass rapid cooling, such as occurring during thermal spray processes.
Strontium-doped hardystonite plasma sprayed coatings with robust antimicrobial activity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Micro- to nano-scale chemical and mechanical mapping of antimicrobial-resistant fungal biofilms
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0NR05617K
Abstract: The heterogeneity of fungal biofilms are spatially characterized using a combination of AFM, nanoindentation, and ATR-FTIR.
Evidence for selective attention in the insect brain
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.COIS.2016.02.007
Abstract: The capacity for selective attention appears to be required by any animal responding to an environment containing multiple objects, although this has been difficult to study in smaller animals such as insects. Clear operational characteristics of attention however make study of this crucial brain function accessible to any animal model. Whereas earlier approaches have relied on freely behaving paradigms placed in an ecologically relevant context, recent tethered preparations have focused on brain imaging and electrophysiology in virtual reality environments. Insight into brain activity during attention-like behavior has revealed key elements of attention in the insect brain. Surprisingly, a variety of brain structures appear to be involved, suggesting that even in the smallest brains attention might involve widespread coordination of neural activity.
Crack growth in conventionally manufactured pure nickel, titanium and aluminum and the cold spray additively manufactured equivalents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Tailoring mechanical and electrical properties of graphene oxide film for structural dielectric capacitors
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Development of Processing Windows for HVOF Carbide-Based Coatings
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-10-2016
Exploring the internal textures and physical properties of digitate sinter in hot springs: Implications for remote sampling on Mars
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Sleep regulates visual selective attention in Drosophila
Publisher: The Company of Biologists
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1242/JEB.191429
Abstract: Although sleep deprivation is known to impair attention in humans and other mammals, the underlying reasons are not well understood, and whether similar effects are present in non-mammalian species is not known. We therefore sought to investigate whether sleep is important for optimizing attention in an invertebrate species, the genetic model Drosophila melanogaster. We developed a high-throughput paradigm to measure visual attention in freely-walking Drosophila, using competing foreground/background visual stimuli. We found that whereas sleep-deprived flies could respond normally to either stimulus alone, they were more distracted by background cues in a visual competition task. Other stressful manipulations such as starvation, heat exposure, and mechanical stress had no effects on visual attention in this paradigm. In contrast to sleep deprivation, providing additional sleep using the GABA-A agonist 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo-[5,4-c]pyridine-3-ol (THIP) did not affect attention in wild-type flies, but specifically improved attention in the learning mutant dunce. Our results reveal a key function of sleep in optimizing attention processes in Drosophila, and establish a behavioral paradigm that can be used to explore the molecular mechanisms involved.
Applications and Developments of Thermal Spray Coatings for the Iron and Steel Industry
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-01-2023
DOI: 10.3390/MA16020516
Abstract: The steel making processes involves extreme and harsh operating conditions hence, the production hardware is exposed to degradation mechanisms under high temperature oxidation, erosion, wear, impact, and corrosive environments. These adverse factors affect the product quality and efficiency of the steel making industry, which contributes to production downtime and maintenance costs. Thermal spray technologies that circumvent surface degradation mechanisms are also attractive for their environmental safety, effectiveness and ease of use. The need of thermal spray coatings and advancement in terms of materials and spray processes are reviewed in this article. Application and development of thermal spray coatings for steel making hardware from the molten metal processing stages such as electric arc and basic oxygen furnaces, through to continuous casting, annealing, and the galvanizing line to the final shaping process such as cold and hot rolling of the steel strips are highlighted. Specifically, thermal spray feedstock materials and processes that have potential to replace hazardous hard chrome plating are discussed. It is projected that novel coating solutions will be incorporated as awareness and acceptance of thermal spray technology grows in the steel making sectors, which will improve the productivity of the industry.
Thermal spray maps: Material genomics of processing technologies
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-08-2013
Baghdadite coating formed by hybrid water-stabilized plasma spray for bioceramic applications: Mechanical and biological evaluations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Deposition effects of WC particle size on cold sprayed WC-Co coatings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
Carbide dissolution in WC-17Co thermal spray coatings: Part 1-project concept and as-sprayed coatings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Sleep in Drosophila
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2019
Intensity of Mutualism Breakdown Is Determined by Temperature Not Amplification of Wolbachia Genes
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 23-09-2016
Sleep restores place learning to the adenylyl cyclase mutant rutabaga
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2020
Steam and air oxidation behaviour of thermal spray chromium carbide-based composite coatings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Scalable Production and Thermoelectrical Modeling of Infusible Functional Graphene/Epoxy Nanomaterials for Engineering Applications
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-03-2022
A Numerical Study into the Effect of Machining on the Interaction between Surface Roughness and Surface Breaking Defects on the Durability of WAAM Ti-6Al-4V Parts
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-06-2022
DOI: 10.3390/MET12071121
Abstract: The airworthiness certification of military aircraft requires a durability analysis be performed using linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). Furthermore, such analyses need to use a valid small crack growth equation. This paper focuses on the effect of rough surfaces and the effect of machining the surface on the durability of AM parts using LEFM and a valid small crack growth equation for the material. To this end, this paper analyses the effect of surface roughness on wire and arc additively manufactured (WAAM) Ti-6Al-4V titanium parts and the effect of machining on the durability of a part. The analysis reveals that the life of the component is a relatively strong function of the degree of surface roughness, and that the durability of a specimen is a strong function of the local radius of the curvature of the trough. It also appears that surfaces with tall narrow roughness will not overly benefit from partial machining of the surface.
Antibacterial property of cold sprayed chitosan-cu/al coating
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-09-2009
Tracking Single Molecule Dynamics in the AdultDrosophilaBrain
Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
Date: 19-04-2021
DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0057-21.2021
Abstract: Super-resolution microscopy provides valuable insight for understanding the nanoscale organization within living tissue, although this method is typically restricted to cultured or dissociated cells. Here, we develop a method to track the mobility of in idual proteins in ex vivo adult Drosophila melanogaster brains, focusing on a key component of the presynaptic release machinery, syntaxin1A (Sx1a). We show that in idual Sx1a dynamics can be reliably tracked within neurons in the whole fly brain, and that the mobility of Sx1a molecules increases following conditional neural stimulation. We then apply this preparation to the problem of general anesthesia, to address how different anesthetics might affect single molecule dynamics in intact brain synapses. We find that propofol, etomidate, and isoflurane significantly impair Sx1a mobility, while ketamine and sevoflurane have little effect. Resolving single molecule dynamics in intact fly brains provides a novel approach to link localized molecular effects with systems-level phenomena such as general anesthesia.
Characterising crack growth in Scalmalloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
A conserved role for sleep in supporting spatial learning in Drosophila
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 28-06-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.27.174656
Abstract: Sleep loss and aging impair hippoc us-dependent spatial learning in mammalian systems. Here we use the fly Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the relationship between sleep and spatial learning in healthy and impaired flies. The spatial learning assay is modeled after the Morris Water Maze. The assay uses a ‘thermal maze’ consisting of a 5×5 grid of Peltier plates maintained at 36-37°C and a visual panorama. The first trial begins when a single tile that is associated with a specific visual cue is cooled to 25°C. For subsequent trials, the cold tile is heated, the visual panorama is rotated and the flies must find the new cold-tile by remembering its association with the visual cue. Significant learning was observed with two different wild-type strains – Cs and 2U, validating our design. Sleep deprivation prior to training impaired spatial learning. Learning was also impaired in the classic learning mutant rutabaga ( rut ) enhancing sleep restored learning to rut mutants. Further we found that flies exhibited dramatic age-dependent cognitive decline in spatial learning starting at 20-24 days of age. These impairments could be reversed by enhancing sleep. Finally, we find that spatial learning requires dopaminergic signaling and that enhancing dopaminergic signaling in aged flies restored learning. Our results are consistent with the impairments seen in rodents and humans. These results thus demonstrate a critical conserved role for sleep in supporting spatial learning, and suggest potential avenues for therapeutic intervention during aging. We have studied the relationship between sleep and plasticity using a Drosophila learning assay modified after the Morris Water Maze. Using this assay, we find that sleep loss impairs spatial learning. As in mammals, flies exhibited age-dependent spatial learning impairments. Importantly, the age-dependent impairments were reversed by enhancing sleep. Interestingly, our results mirror studies on hippoc us dependent memories in rodents and humans. Thus, our data describe an evolutionarily conserved role for sleep in regulating spatial learning. They also support augmenting sleep as a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate learning impairments.
Microparticles of High Entropy Alloys Made by Laser-Induced Forward Transfer
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-11-2022
DOI: 10.3390/MA15228063
Abstract: The controlled deposition of CoCrFeNiMo0.2 high-entropy alloy (HEA) microparticles was achieved by using laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT). Ultra-short laser pulses of 230 fs of 515 nm wavelength were tightly focused into ∼2.4 μm focal spots on the ∼50-nm thick plasma-sputtered films of CoCrFeNiMo0.2. The morphology of HEA microparticles can be controlled at different fluences. The HEA films were transferred onto glass substrates by magnetron sputtering in a vacuum (10−8 atm) from the thermal spray-coated substrates. The absorption coefficient of CoCrFeNiMo0.2α≈6×105 cm−1 was determined at 600-nm wavelength. The real and imaginary parts of the refractive index (n+iκ) of HEA were determined from reflectance and transmittance by using nanofilms.
Isoflurane Impairs Low-Frequency Feedback but Leaves High-Frequency Feedforward Connectivity Intact in the Fly Brain
Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0329-17.2018
Abstract: Hierarchically organized brains communicate through feedforward (FF) and feedback (FB) pathways. In mammals, FF and FB are mediated by higher and lower frequencies during wakefulness. FB is preferentially impaired by general anesthetics in multiple mammalian species. This suggests FB serves critical functions in waking brains. The brain of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) is also hierarchically organized, but the presence of FB in these brains is not established. Here, we studied FB in the fly brain, by simultaneously recording local field potentials (LFPs) from low-order peripheral structures and higher-order central structures. We analyzed the data using Granger causality (GC), the first application of this analysis technique to recordings from the insect brain. Our analysis revealed that low frequencies (0.1–5 Hz) mediated FB from the center to the periphery, while higher frequencies (10–45 Hz) mediated FF in the opposite direction. Further, isoflurane anesthesia preferentially reduced FB. Our results imply that the spectral characteristics of FF and FB may be a signature of hierarchically organized brains that is conserved from insects to mammals. We speculate that general anesthetics may induce unresponsiveness across species by targeting the mechanisms that support FB.
Understanding the microstructural evolution of high entropy alloy coatings manufactured by atmospheric plasma spray processing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Erratum: In vivo single-molecule imaging of syntaxin1A reveals polyphosphoinositide- and activity-dependent trapping in presynaptic nanoclusters
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-02-2017
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS14492
Abstract: Nature Communications 7: Article number: 13660 (2016) Published: 16 December 2016 Updated: 9 February 2017 This Article was originally published with an incorrect publication date. The paper was due to be published on 3 Jan 2017, but due to an error was published earlier on the 16 Dec 2016. The publication date in both the PDF and HTML versions of the paper has been updated to reflect this.
Thermally induced metallurgical transformations in WC-17Co thermal spray coatings as a function of carbide dissolution: Part 2 - Heat-treated coatings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
A review of testing methods for thermal spray coatings
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-02-2014
Using an abstract geometry in virtual reality to explore choice behaviour: visual flicker preferences in honeybees
Publisher: The Company of Biologists
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1242/JEB.125138
Abstract: Closed-loop paradigms provide an effective approach to studying visual choice behaviour and attention in small animals. Different flying and walking paradigms have been developed to investigate behavioural and neuronal responses to competing stimuli in insects such as bees and flies. However, the variety of stimulus choices that can be presented over one experiment is often limited. Current choice paradigms are mostly constrained as single binary choice scenarios that are influenced by the linear structure of classical conditioning paradigms. Here, we present a novel behavioural choice paradigm that allows animals to explore a closed geometry of interconnected binary choices by repeatedly selecting among competing objects, thereby revealing stimulus preferences in an historical context. We employed our novel paradigm to investigate visual flicker preferences in honeybees (Apis mellifera), and found significant preferences for 20-25Hz flicker and avoidance of higher (50-100Hz) and lower (2-4Hz) flicker frequencies. Similar results were found when bees were presented with three simultaneous choices instead of two, and when they were given the chance to select previously rejected choices. Our results show that honeybees can discriminate among different flicker frequencies, and that their visual preferences are persistent even under different experimental conditions. Interestingly, avoided stimuli were more attractive if they were novel, suggesting that novelty salience can override innate preferences. Our recursive virtual reality environment provides a new approach to studying visual discrimination and choice behaviour in behaving animals.
Neurexin-1 regulates sleep and synaptic plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-08-2015
DOI: 10.1111/EJN.13023
Abstract: Neurexins are cell adhesion molecules that are important for synaptic plasticity and homeostasis, although links to sleep have not yet been investigated. We examined the effects of neurexin-1 perturbation on sleep in Drosophila, showing that neurexin-1 nulls displayed fragmented sleep and altered circadian rhythm. Conversely, the over-expression of neurexin-1 could increase and consolidate night-time sleep. This was not solely due to developmental effects as it could be induced acutely in adulthood, and was coupled with evidence of synaptic growth. The timing of over-expression could differentially impact sleep patterns, with specific night-time effects. These results show that neurexin-1 was dynamically involved in synaptic plasticity and sleep in Drosophila. Neurexin-1 and a number of its binding partners have been repeatedly associated with mental health disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia and Tourette syndrome, all of which are also linked to altered sleep patterns. How and when plasticity-related proteins such as neurexin-1 function during sleep can provide vital information on the interaction between synaptic homeostasis and sleep, paving the way for more informed treatments of human disorders.
Graphene oxide thin film structural dielectric capacitors for aviation static electricity harvesting and storage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Innate visual preferences and behavioral flexibility in Drosophila
Publisher: The Company of Biologists
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1242/JEB.185918
Abstract: Visual decision-making in animals is influenced by innate preferences as well as experience. Interaction between hard-wired responses and changing motivational states determines whether a visual stimulus is attractive, aversive, or neutral. It is however difficult to separate the relative contribution of nature versus nurture in experimental paradigms, especially for more complex visual parameters such as the shape of objects. We used a closed-loop virtual reality paradigm for walking Drosophila flies to uncover innate visual preferences for the shape and size of objects, in a recursive choice scenario allowing the flies to reveal their visual preferences over time. We found that Drosophila flies display a robust attraction / repulsion profile for a range of objects sizes in this paradigm, and that this visual preference profile remains evident under a variety of conditions and persists into old age. We also demonstrate a level of flexibility in this behavior: innate repulsion to certain objects could be transiently overridden if these were novel, although this effect was only evident in younger flies. Finally, we show that a neuromodulatory circuit in the fly brain, Drosophila neuropeptide F (dNPF), can be recruited to guide visual decision-making. Optogenetic activation of dNPF-expressing neurons converted a visually repulsive object into a more attractive object. This suggests that dNPF activity in the Drosophila brain guides ongoing visual choices, to override innate preferences and thereby provide a necessary level of behavioral flexibility in visual decision-making.
Structure-property correlation of a CoCrFeNi medium-entropy alloy manufactured using extreme high-speed laser material deposition (EHLA)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Flux of signalling endosomes undergoing axonal retrograde transport is encoded by presynaptic activity and TrkB
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-09-2016
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS12976
Abstract: Axonal retrograde transport of signalling endosomes from the nerve terminal to the soma underpins survival. As each signalling endosome carries a quantal amount of activated receptors, we hypothesized that it is the frequency of endosomes reaching the soma that determines the scale of the trophic signal. Here we show that upregulating synaptic activity markedly increased the flux of plasma membrane-derived retrograde endosomes (labelled using cholera toxin subunit-B: CTB) in hippoc al neurons cultured in microfluidic devices, and live Drosophila larval motor neurons. Electron and super-resolution microscopy analyses revealed that the fast-moving sub-diffraction-limited CTB carriers contained the TrkB neurotrophin receptor, transiently activated by synaptic activity in a BDNF-independent manner. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of TrkB activation selectively prevented the coupling between synaptic activity and the retrograde flux of signalling endosomes. TrkB activity therefore controls the encoding of synaptic activity experienced by nerve terminals, digitalized as the flux of retrogradely transported signalling endosomes.
Cavitation erosion mechanisms of HVOF-sprayed Ni-based cermet coatings in 3.5% NaCl environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Describing crack growth in additively manufactured Scalmalloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Rhodamine-Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots for Detection of Fe3+ in Cancer Stem Cells
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-10-2015
Trapping of Syntaxin1a in Presynaptic Nanoclusters by a Clinically Relevant General Anesthetic
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CELREP.2017.12.054
Abstract: Propofol is the most commonly used general anesthetic in humans. Our understanding of its mechanism of action has focused on its capacity to potentiate inhibitory systems in the brain. However, it is unknown whether other neural mechanisms are involved in general anesthesia. Here, we demonstrate that the synaptic release machinery is also a target. Using single-particle tracking photoactivation localization microscopy, we show that clinically relevant concentrations of propofol and etomidate restrict syntaxin1A mobility on the plasma membrane, whereas non-anesthetic analogs produce the opposite effect and increase syntaxin1A mobility. Removing the interaction with the t-SNARE partner SNAP-25 abolishes propofol-induced syntaxin1A confinement, indicating that syntaxin1A and SNAP-25 together form an emergent drug target. Impaired syntaxin1A mobility and exocytosis under propofol are both rescued by co-expressing a truncated syntaxin1A construct that interacts with SNAP-25. Our results suggest that propofol interferes with a step in SNARE complex formation, resulting in non-functional syntaxin1A nanoclusters.
Strengthening mechanisms in CrMoNbTiW refractory high entropy alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Syntaxin1A-mediated Resistance and Hypersensitivity to Isoflurane in Drosophila melanogaster
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2015
Accepted Practice for Metallographic Preparation of Thermal Spray Coating Samples
Publisher: ASM International
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.31399/ASM.TB.TSTAP.T56040030
Abstract: This article presents best practices for the metallographic preparation of specimens produced via thermal spray coating methods. It outlines typical metallographic preparation process flow, highlighting important considerations for obtaining a clear and representative specimen suitable for characterization via examination techniques, such as optical or electron microscopy. The process flow includes preliminary resin infiltration, sectioning, mounting, grinding, and polishing. To aid in the identification and resolution of common issues during subsequent specimen analysis, the article presents common issues, along with causes and mitigation strategies. It describes the processes involved in the interpretation of the thermal spray coating microstructure.
Enhanced sleep reverses memory deficits and underlying pathology in drosophila models of Alzheimer's disease
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Computing the Durability of WAAM 18Ni-250 Maraging Steel Specimens with Surface Breaking Porosity
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-03-2023
Abstract: The durability assessment of additively manufactured parts needs to account for both surface-breaking material discontinuities and surface-breaking porosity and how these material discontinuities interact with parts that have been left in the as-built state. Furthermore, to be consistent with the airworthiness standards associated with the certification of metallic parts on military aircraft the durability analysis must be able to predict crack growth, as distinct from using a crack growth analysis in which parameters are adjusted so as to match measured data. To partially address this, the authors recently showed how the durability of wire arc additively manufactured (WAAM) 18Ni-250 maraging steel specimens, where failure was due to the interaction of small surface-breaking cracks with surface roughness, could be predicted using the Hartman–Schijve variant of the NASGRO crack growth equation. This paper illustrates how the same equation, with the same material parameters, can be used to predict the durability of a specimen where failure is due to surface-breaking porosity.
Acute control of the sleep switch in drosophila reveals a role for gap junctions in regulating behavioral responsiveness
Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
Date: 15-08-2018
DOI: 10.7554/ELIFE.37105
Abstract: Sleep is a dynamic process in most animals, involving distinct stages that probably perform multiple functions for the brain. Before sleep functions can be initiated, it is likely that behavioral responsiveness to the outside world needs to be reduced, even while the animal is still awake. Recent work in Drosophila has uncovered a sleep switch in the dorsal fan-shaped body (dFB) of the fly’s central brain, but it is not known whether these sleep-promoting neurons also govern the acute need to ignore salient stimuli in the environment during sleep transitions. We found that optogenetic activation of the sleep switch suppressed behavioral responsiveness to mechanical stimuli, even in awake flies, indicating a broader role for these neurons in regulating arousal. The dFB-mediated suppression mechanism and its associated neural correlates requires innexin6 expression, suggesting that the acute need to reduce sensory perception when flies fall asleep is mediated in part by electrical synapses.
The application of state-of-the-art technologies to support artwork conservation: Literature review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Boride-based ultra-high temperature ceramic coatings deposited via controlled atmosphere plasma spray
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Deposition of Amorphous Aluminium Powder Using Cold Spray
Publisher: ASM International
Date: 21-05-2012
DOI: 10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2012P0249
Abstract: Deposition of amorphous aluminium powder using cold spray technology as a corrosion prevention measure was studied. Amorphous aluminium (Al-Ni-Ce) powder was successfully deposited on 7000-series aluminium substrates using cold spray parameters of 1.7 MPa under compressed air and temperature of 450°C. The coatings were subjected to tensile bond strength measurement and comparative studies with cold sprayed pure Al6061 coatings were conducted. The results obtained showed that the amorphous aluminium coatings exhibited better adhesive strength. In addition, salt-water immersion test was conducted. The Al-Ni-Ce coating not only demonstrated better corrosion resistance but also exhibited evidence of passivation of surface imperfections such as scratches in the coatings.
Local Versus Global Effects of Isoflurane Anesthesia on Visual Processing in the Fly Brain
Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
Date: 07-2016
DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0116-16.2016
Abstract: What characteristics of neural activity distinguish the awake and anesthetized brain? Drugs such as isoflurane abolish behavioral responsiveness in all animals, implying evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. However, it is unclear whether this conservation is reflected at the level of neural activity. Studies in humans have shown that anesthesia is characterized by spatially distinct spectral and coherence signatures that have also been implicated in the global impairment of cortical communication. We questioned whether anesthesia has similar effects on global and local neural processing in one of the smallest brains, that of the fruit fly ( Drosophila melanogaster ). Using a recently developed multielectrode technique, we recorded local field potentials from different areas of the fly brain simultaneously, while manipulating the concentration of isoflurane. Flickering visual stimuli (‘frequency tags’) allowed us to track evoked responses in the frequency domain and measure the effects of isoflurane throughout the brain. We found that isoflurane reduced power and coherence at the tagging frequency (13 or 17 Hz) in central brain regions. Unexpectedly, isoflurane increased power and coherence at twice the tag frequency (26 or 34 Hz) in the optic lobes of the fly, but only for specific stimulus configurations. By modeling the periodic responses, we show that the increase in power in peripheral areas can be attributed to local neuroanatomy. We further show that the effects on coherence can be explained by impacted signal-to-noise ratios. Together, our results show that general anesthesia has distinct local and global effects on neuronal processing in the fruit fly brain.
Canvas Painting Analysis Using Spectroscopic Analysis and Microcharacterisation Techniques
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-02-2022
DOI: 10.3390/S22041442
Abstract: Raman spectroscopy is a well-recognised tool for the analysis of materials in canvas paintings. However, it can be difficult to interpret the peaks of the spectra without the additional context of the artwork such as the age, provenance, or colour. Reflectance spectrophotometry can be used to capture the colour of pigments, dyes, and lacquers, but is seldom used to complement Raman data. Additionally, reflectance spectrophotometry results can be influenced by the surface profile of the painting. To overcome these limitations, this work brings together three different analysis modalities to provide a singular, analytical map of the artwork. Raman spectroscopy was used to conduct the chemical identification of pigments, binding media, and varnish present in a synthetic painting s le. Reflectance spectrophotometry was applied to obtain colour information of the surface paint of the s le. Three-dimensional optical profilometry data was used to characterise the micro topology of the paint surface. These three data sets were spatially matched allowing the recorded spectroscopic data to be displayed with the corresponding colour and surface topography across the paint surface.
Integrated information structure collapses with anesthetic loss of conscious arousal in Drosophila melanogaster
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 19-05-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.17.090001
Abstract: The physical basis of consciousness remains one of the most elusive concepts in current science. One influential conjecture is that consciousness is to do with some form of causality, measurable through information. The integrated information theory of consciousness (IIT) proposes that conscious experience, filled with rich and specific content, corresponds directly to a hierarchically organised, irreducible pattern of causal interactions i.e. an integrated informational structure among elements of a system. Here, we tested this conjecture in a simple biological system (fruit flies), estimating the information structure of the system during wakefulness and general anesthesia. Consistent with this conjecture, we found that integrated interactions among populations of neurons during wakefulness collapsed to isolated clusters of interactions during anesthesia. We used classification analysis to quantify the accuracy of discrimination between wakeful and anesthetised states, and found that informational structures inferred conscious states with greater accuracy than a scalar summary of the structure, a measure which is generally ch ioned as the main measure of IIT. In stark contrast to a view which assumes feedforward architecture for insect brains, especially fly visual systems, we found rich information structures, which cannot arise from purely feedforward systems, occurred across the fly brain. Further, these information structures collapsed uniformly across the brain during anesthesia. Our results speak to the potential utility of the novel concept of an “informational structure” as a measure for level of consciousness, above and beyond simple scalar values. The physical basis of consciousness remains elusive. Efforts to measure consciousness have generally been restricted to simple, scalar quantities which summarise the complexity of a system, inspired by integrated information theory, which links a multi-dimensional, informational structure to the contents of experience in a system. Due to the complexity of the definition of the structure, assessment of its utility as a measure of conscious arousal in a system has largely been ignored. In this manuscript we evaluate the utility of such an information structure in measuring the level of arousal in the fruit fly. Our results indicate that this structure can be more informative about the level of arousal in a system than even the single-value summary proposed by the theory itself. These results may push consciousness research towards the notion of multi-dimensional informational structures, instead of traditional scalar summaries.
Visual experience drives sleep need in Drosophila
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-04-2019
DOI: 10.1093/SLEEP/ZSZ102
Abstract: Sleep optimizes waking behavior, however, waking experience may also influence sleep. We used the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the relationship between visual experience and sleep in wild-type and mutant flies. We found that the classical visual mutant, optomotor-blind (omb), which has undeveloped horizontal system/vertical system (HS/VS) motion-processing cells and are defective in motion and visual salience perception, showed dramatically reduced and less consolidated sleep compared to wild-type flies. In contrast, optogenetic activation of the HS/VS motion-processing neurons in wild-type flies led to an increase in sleep following the activation, suggesting an increase in sleep pressure. Surprisingly, exposing wild-type flies to repetitive motion stimuli for extended periods did not increase sleep pressure. However, we observed that exposing flies to more complex image sequences from a movie led to more consolidated sleep, particularly when images were randomly shuffled through time. Our results suggest that specific forms of visual experience that involve motion circuits and complex, nonrepetitive imagery, drive sleep need in Drosophila.
Mechanical and chemical properties of Baghdadite coatings manufactured by atmospheric plasma spraying
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
In vivo single-molecule imaging of syntaxin1A reveals polyphosphoinositide- and activity-dependent trapping in presynaptic nanoclusters
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-12-2016
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS13660
Abstract: Syntaxin1A is organized in nanoclusters that are critical for the docking and priming of secretory vesicles from neurosecretory cells. Whether and how these nanoclusters are affected by neurotransmitter release in nerve terminals from a living organism is unknown. Here we imaged photoconvertible syntaxin1A-mEos2 in the motor nerve terminal of Drosophila larvae by single-particle tracking photoactivation localization microscopy. Opto- and thermo-genetic neuronal stimulation increased syntaxin1A-mEos2 mobility, and reduced the size and molecular density of nanoclusters, suggesting an activity-dependent release of syntaxin1A from the confinement of nanoclusters. Syntaxin1A mobility was increased by mutating its polyphosphoinositide-binding site or preventing SNARE complex assembly via co-expression of tetanus toxin light chain. In contrast, syntaxin1A mobility was reduced by preventing SNARE complex disassembly. Our data demonstrate that polyphosphoinositide favours syntaxin1A trapping, and show that SNARE complex disassembly leads to syntaxin1A dissociation from nanoclusters. Lateral diffusion and trapping of syntaxin1A in nanoclusters therefore dynamically regulate neurotransmitter release.
Characterising a Custom-Built Radio Frequency PECVD Reactor to Vary the Mechanical Properties of TMDSO Films
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-09-2021
DOI: 10.3390/MOLECULES26185621
Abstract: Plasma-polymerised tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) films are frequently applied as coatings for their abrasion resistance and barrier properties. By manipulating the deposition parameters, the chemical structure and thus mechanical properties of the films can also be controlled. These mechanical properties make them attractive as energy adsorbing layers for a range of applications, including carbon fibre composites. In this study, a new radio frequency (RF) plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) plasma reactor was designed with the capability to coat fibres with an energy adsorbing film. A key characterisation step for the system was establishing how the properties of the TMDSO films could be modified and compared with those deposited using a well-characterized microwave (MW) PECVD reactor. Film thickness and chemistry were determined with ellipsometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The mechanical properties were investigated by nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy with peak-force quantitative nanomechanical mapping. The RF PECVD films had a greater range of Young’s modulus and hardness values than the MW PECVD films, with values as high as 56.4 GPa and 7.5 GPa, respectively. These results demonstrated the varied properties of TMDSO films that could in turn be deposited onto carbon fibres using a custom-built RF PECVD reactor.
Micro-Particles of High Entropy Alloys Made by Laser Induced Forward Transfer
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-09-2022
DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS202209.0392.V1
Abstract: Controlled deposition of CoCrFeNiMo0.2 high entropy alloy (HEA) micro-particles was achieved using laser induced forward transfer (LIFT). Ultra-short laser pulses, 230 fs of 515 nm wavelength, were tightly focused into & sim 2.4 & mu m focal spots on the & sim nm thick plasma-sputtered films of CoCrFeNiMo0.2. The HTA films were transferred onto glass substrates by magnetron sputtering in vacuum (10& minus atm) from the thermal spray coated substrates. The absorption coefficient of CoCrFeNiMo0.2 & alpha & asymp 6 & times 105 cm& minus was determined at 600 nm wavelength. The real and imaginary parts of refractive index (n + i& kappa ) of HEA were determined from reflectance and transmittance using nano-films.
Tribological and corrosion performance of an atmospheric plasma sprayed AlCoCr0.5Ni high-entropy alloy coating
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Identification of neurons responsible for feeding behavior in the Drosophila brain
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-03-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S11427-014-4641-2
Abstract: Drosophila melanogaster feeds mainly on rotten fruits, which contain many kinds of sugar. Thus, the sense of sweet taste has evolved to serve as a dominant regulator and driver of feeding behavior. Although several sugar receptors have been described, it remains poorly understood how the sensory input is transformed into an appetitive behavior. Here, we used a neural silencing approach to screen brain circuits, and identified neurons labeled by three Gal4 lines that modulate Drosophila feeding behavior. These three Gal4 lines labeled neurons mainly in the suboesophageal ganglia (SOG), which is considered to be the fly's primary taste center. When we blocked the activity of these neurons, flies decreased their sugar consumption significantly. In contrast, activation of these neurons resulted in enhanced feeding behavior and increased food consumption not only towards sugar, but to an array of food sources. Moreover, upon neuronal activation, the flies demonstrated feeding behavior even in the absence of food, which suggests that neuronal activation can replace food as a stimulus for feeding behavior. These findings indicate that these Gal4-labeled neurons, which function downstream of sensory neurons and regulate feeding behavior towards different food sources is necessary in Drosophila feeding control.
Comparing Relative Bond Characteristics Between Spherical and Elongated Morphologies for Cold Spray Process Using SPH Simulation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-08-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S11666-022-01448-3
Abstract: Under cold spray conditions, the modified Johnson–Cook model was adopted to perform single and multiple particle simulation for spherical and elongated aluminum alloy- Al-6061 feedstock particles. The splat formations were realistically presented the temperature evolution throughout the deposition process stayed below the melting point of Al-6061, and the feedstock particles exhibited restitution for impact velocities lower than 200 m/s. Feedstock particles with elongated morphology experienced a lower elastic strain energy level than spherical morphology after impact, which implied the relative bond strength was higher for elongated particles than spherical particles. The displacement curves in single particle simulations for both morphologies suggested a spherical particle experienced a greater shock than the elongated particle upon impact. The relative bond strength achieved by multiple particle impact was lower than the single particle impact, even though the displacement curves showed the feedstock particles were in idually embedded in the substrate.
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