ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5410-8362
Current Organisations
Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
,
Queensland University of Technology
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Structural Engineering | Civil Engineering | Geospatial Information Systems | Transport Engineering | Geomechanics and Resources Geotechnical Engineering | Resources Engineering and Extractive Metallurgy | Electrical Engineering | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Expanding Knowledge in Engineering | Expanding Knowledge in Built Environment and Design | Civil Construction Design | Ground Transport not elsewhere classified | Transport | Mining and Extraction of Energy Resources not elsewhere classified | Civil Construction Processes | Civil Construction Planning | Road Infrastructure and Networks | Ground transport not elsewhere classified
Related Links
Publications
Modelling techniques for structural evaluation for bridge assessment
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-02-2018
Theoretical study of moving force identification on continuous bridges
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2006
Fatigue damage model for bridge under traffic loading: application made to Tsing Ma Bridge
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2001
The three-stage artificial neural network method for damage assessment of building structures
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2013
Structural Deterioration Detection Using Enhanced Autoregressive Residuals
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
Date: 09-03-2018
DOI: 10.1142/S0219455418501602
Abstract: This paper presents a study on detecting structural deterioration in existing buildings using ambient vibration measurements. Deterioration is a slow and progressive process which reduces the structural performance, including load-bearing capacity. Each building has unique vibration characteristics which change in time due to deterioration and damage. However, the changes due to deterioration are generally subtler than the changes due to damage. Ex les of deterioration include subtle loss of steel-concrete bond strength, slight corrosion of reinforcement and onset of internal cracks in structural members. Whereas damage can be defined as major sudden structural changes, such as major external cracks of concrete covers. Herein, a deterioration detection method which uses structural health monitoring (SHM) data is proposed to address the deterioration assessment problem. The proposed novel vibration-based deterioration identification method is a parametric-based approach, incorporated with a nonparametric statistical test, to capture changes in the dynamic characteristics of structures. First, autoregressive (AR) time-series models are fitted to the vibration response time histories at different sensor locations. A sensitive deterioration feature is proposed for detecting deterioration by applying statistical hypotheses of two-s le [Formula: see text]-test on the model residuals, based on which a function of the resulting [Formula: see text]-values is calculated. A novel AR model order estimation procedure is proposed to enhance the sensitivity of the method. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated through comprehensive simulations of deterioration at single and multiple locations in finite element models (FEM) of 3- and 20-storey reinforced concrete (RC) frames. The method shows a promising sensitivity to detect small levels of structural deterioration prior to damage, even in the presence of noise.
Correlation-Based Damage Identification and Quantification Using Modal Kinetic Energy Change
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1142/S0219455420420079
Abstract: Many existing damage identification or quantification methods can be employed only if the internal and external mass changes are negligible when tested at two different states of a structure. This paper presents a new Modal Kinetic Energy (MKE)-based method to detect and quantify damage using modal properties of structures, which can be employed even in situations when mass change is not more than a certain extent. A new damage sensitivity parameter has been developed using measured modal characteristics of baseline structure. The MKE change (MKEC) concept is then employed to locate damage and to estimate relative perturbation at each element. The relative damage extent vector is estimated by searching the best correlation between the analytical and experimental MKEC vectors with the help of genetic algorithm optimization tool. The extent of damage is calculated after computing damage scaling coefficient using measured eigenvalue change vector. A numerical study is carried out on a simply supported single span beam to confirm its performance under various test conditions. The robustness of the proposed MKE method and the significance of mass variation in the damage detection approach are evaluated by comparing the damage quantification results with a traditional approach. Finally, the proposed damage detection method is applied on a two-span simply supported beam for single and multiple damage scenarios by extracting the modal properties experimentally. The results revealed that the proposed approach is capable of detecting and estimating single and multiple damages with reasonable accuracy even in moderate noise contaminated and mass change environments.
Structural damage identification based on change in geometric modal strain energy–eigenvalue ratio
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-06-2016
Identification of acoustic emission wave modes for accurate source location in plate-like structures
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 20-07-2012
DOI: 10.1002/STC.413
Analysis of buckling failure in continuously welded railway tracks
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Modelling of load interaction and overload effect on fatigue damage of steel bridges
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2001
Rethinking Sustainable Development
Publisher: IGI Global
Date: 2010
Synthetic rating system for railway bridge management
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-01-2013
Vibration based damage detection in hyperbolic cooling towers using coupled method
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Preface
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2013
A numerical method to quantify differential axial shortening in concrete buildings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2010
Mitigation of track buckling in transition zones of steel bridges by geotextile reinforcement of the ballast layer
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Seismic mitigation of steel modular building structures through innovative inter-modular connections
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Efficient numerical model for the damage detection of large scale structure
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2001
Thermal challenges of replacing jointed rails with CWR on steel railway bridges
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Comparison of regularization methods for moving force identification with ill-posed problems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
MOVING FORCE IDENTIFICATION: A TIME DOMAIN METHOD
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1997
GS_312 — Reliability methods (1)
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 15-07-2011
DOI: 10.1201/B11332-53
Regularization in moving force identification
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 02-2001
<title>Health monitoring and fatigue damage assessment of the bridge deck sections</title>
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 09-06-2000
DOI: 10.1117/12.387826
Concurrent multi-scale modeling of civil infrastructures for analyses on structural deterioration—Part I: Modeling methodology and strategy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
<title>Fatigue analysis for steel bridge deck sections under blocked cycles of traffic loading</title>
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 09-06-2000
DOI: 10.1117/12.387827
Damage quantification in steel and reinforced concrete beams
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 31-08-2016
A study on the use of acoustic emission technique as a structural health monitoring tool
Publisher: Springer London
Date: 2011
Fatigue analysis and life prediction of bridges with structural health monitoring data — Part II: application
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2001
Durability of CFRP strengthened steel circular hollow section member exposed to sea water
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
Evaluation of dynamic loads on a skew box girder continuous bridge Part II: Parametric study and dynamic load factor
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2007
Evaluation of dynamic loads on a skew box girder continuous bridge Part I: Field test and modal analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2007
Infrastructure sustainability: damage assessment in multiple-girder composite bridges using vibration characteristics
Publisher: IGI Global
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61692-022-7.CH013
Abstract: Assessing the structural health state of urban infrastructure is crucial in terms of infrastructure sustainability. This chapter uses dynamic computer simulation techniques to apply a procedure using vibration-based methods for damage assessment in multiple-girder composite bridges. In addition to changes in natural frequencies, this multi-criteria procedure incorporates two methods, namely, the modal flexibility and the modal strain energy method. Using the numerically simulated modal data obtained through finite element analysis software, algorithms based on modal flexibility and modal strain energy change, before and after damage, are obtained and used as the indices for the assessment of structural health state. The feasibility and capability of the approach is demonstrated through numerical studies of a proposed structure with six damage scenarios. It is concluded that the modal strain energy method is capable of application to multiple-girder composite bridges, as evidenced through the ex le treated in this chapter.
<title>Dynamic monitoring of structural health in cable-supported bridges</title>
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 18-05-1999
DOI: 10.1117/12.348666
Vehicle Model for Highway Bridge Impact
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 07-1990
Geometrically modified auxetic polyurethane foams and their potential application in impact mitigation of masonry structures
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Damage detection and quantification in deck type arch bridges using vibration based methods and artificial neural networks
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Structural health monitoring of bridges: source localisation in acoustic emission technique
Publisher: IGI Global
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61692-022-7.CH017
Abstract: Managing the sustainability of urban infrastructure requires regular health monitoring of key infrastructure such as bridges. The process of structural health monitoring involves monitoring a structure over a period of time using appropriate sensors, extracting damage sensitive features from the measurements made by the sensors, and analysing these features to determine the current state of the structure. Various techniques are available for structural health monitoring of structures, and acoustic emission is one technique that is finding an increasing use in the monitoring of civil infrastructures such as bridges. Acoustic emission technique is based on the recording of stress waves generated by rapid release of energy inside a material, followed by analysis of recorded signals to locate and identify the source of emission and assess its severity. This chapter first provides a brief background of the acoustic emission technique and the process of source localization. Results from laboratory experiments conducted to explore several aspects of the source localization process are also presented. The findings from the study can be expected to enhance knowledge of the acoustic emission process, and to aid the development of effective bridge structure diagnostics systems.
Methodology for measuring the vertical displacements of bridges using fibre Bragg grating sensors
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2013
Transfer learning based bridge damage detection: Leveraging time-frequency features
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Effect of shape of concrete sleepers for mitigating of track buckling
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Comparative studies on the criteria for regularization parameter selection based on moving force identification
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-06-2020
Fatigue stress analysis of suspension bridges using fem
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2002
Reliability-based optimal control design for seismic-excited structures: A hybrid IS-MTLBO pseudo-double loop method
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Controlled Monte Carlo data generation for statistical damage identification employing Mahalanobis squared distance
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-02-2014
Abstract: The use of Mahalanobis squared distance–based novelty detection in statistical damage identification has become increasingly popular in recent years. The merit of the Mahalanobis squared distance–based method is that it is simple and requires low computational effort to enable the use of a higher dimensional damage-sensitive feature, which is generally more sensitive to structural changes. Mahalanobis squared distance–based damage identification is also believed to be one of the most suitable methods for modern sensing systems such as wireless sensors. Although possessing such advantages, this method is rather strict with the input requirement as it assumes the training data to be multivariate normal, which is not always available particularly at an early monitoring stage. As a consequence, it may result in an ill-conditioned training model with erroneous novelty detection and damage identification outcomes. To date, there appears to be no study on how to systematically cope with such practical issues especially in the context of a statistical damage identification problem. To address this need, this article proposes a controlled data generation scheme, which is based upon the Monte Carlo simulation methodology with the addition of several controlling and evaluation tools to assess the condition of output data. By evaluating the convergence of the data condition indices, the proposed scheme is able to determine the optimal setups for the data generation process and subsequently avoid unnecessarily excessive data. The efficacy of this scheme is demonstrated via applications to a benchmark structure data in the field.
Frequency response function based damage identification using principal component analysis and pattern recognition technique
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
Effects of Wheel Defects on Dynamic Track Buckling in Transition Zones of Open-Deck Steel Bridges
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 10-2021
Fatigue Damage Analysis on Crack Growth and Fatigue Life of Welded Bridge Members with Initial Crack
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 11-2006
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/KEM.324-325.251
Abstract: The behavior of crack growth with a view to fatigue damage accumulation on the tip of cracks is discussed. Fatigue life of welded components with initial crack in bridges under traffic loading is investigated. The study is presented in two parts. Firstly, a new model of fatigue crack growth for welded bridge member under traffic loading is presented. And the calculate method of the stress intensity factor necessary for evaluation of the fatigue life of welded bridge members with cracks is discussed. Based on the concept of continuum damage accumulated on the tip of fatigue cracks, the fatigue damage law suitable for steel bridge member under traffic loading is modified to consider the crack growth. The proposed fatigue crack growth can describe the relationship between the cracking count rate and the effective stress intensity factor. The proposed fatigue crack growth model is then applied to calculate the crack growth and the fatigue life of two types of welded components with fatigue experimental results. The stress intensity factors are modified by the factor of geometric shape for the welded components in order to reflect the influence of the welding type and geometry on the stress intensity factor. The calculated and measured fatigue lives are generally in good agreement, at some of the initial conditions of cracking, for a welded component widely used in steel bridges.
Statistical analysis of online strain response and its application in fatigue assessment of a long-span steel bridge
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2003
<title>Feasibility of damage detection of Tsing Ma Bridge using vibration measurements</title>
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 09-06-2000
DOI: 10.1117/12.387829
Modelling of masonry walls rendered with auxetic foam layers against vehicular impacts
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 03-11-2016
DOI: 10.1201/B21889-133
Recent research on identification of moving loads on bridges
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2007
An improved method to detect damage using modal strain energy based damage index
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.1260/1369-4332.15.5.727
Abstract: This paper presents two novel concepts to enhance the accuracy of damage detection using the Modal Strain Energy based Damage Index (MSEDI) with the presence of noise in the mode shape data. Firstly, the paper presents a sequential curve fitting technique that reduces the effect of noise on the calculation process of the MSEDI, more effectively than the two commonly used curve fitting techniques namely, polynomial and Fourier's series. Secondly, a probability based Generalized Damage Localization Index (GDLI) is proposed as a viable improvement to the damage detection process. The study uses a validated ABAQUS finite-element model of a reinforced concrete beam to obtain mode shape data in the undamaged and damaged states. Noise is simulated by adding three levels of random noise (1%, 3%, and 5%) to the mode shape data. Results show that damage detection is enhanced with increased number of modes and s les used with the GDLI.
Vibration based structural damage detection in flexural members using multi-criteria approach
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2009
Development of a vibration based method to update axial shortening of vertical load bearing elements in reinforced concrete buildings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Durability of CFRP strengthened circular hollow steel members under cold weather: Experimental and numerical investigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
A new method for locating and quantifying damage in beams from static deflection changes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
<title>Remote visualized health monitoring of cable-supported bridges</title>
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 03-08-2001
DOI: 10.1117/12.435612
Fully Coupled Fatigue Damage Analysis of Welded Steel Bridge Member under Traffic Loading
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 09-2007
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/KEM.348-349.761
Abstract: The finite element analysis fully coupled fatigue damage evolution is implemented on the user subroutine UMAT of the finite element software ABAQUS. The fully coupled method developed with damage mechanics and the finite element analysis is performed on calculation of fatigue damage accumulation of the critical welded member in the Tsing Ma Bridge. The calculated result shows that the fatigue damage in the critical welded member is accumulated in the region of toe of welding. The value of faitgue life calculated by the fully coupled method is smaller than that by the uncoupled method, which suggests that there exists interaction between the fatigue damage evolution and the structural response. The linear Miner’s Law is widely used however conservative for the evaluation of fatigue life of bridge on service. The above results provide feasible method for accurate evaluation of fatigue damage in bridge components based on the hot spot stress analysis and the damage mechanics theory.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON MOVING FORCE IDENTIFICATION FROM BRIDGE STRAINS IN LABORATORY
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2000
Model updating incorporating measured response uncertainties and confidence levels of tuning parameters
Publisher: Inderscience Publishers
Date: 2016
Fatigue criteria for integrity assessment of long-span steel bridge with health monitoring
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2006
Transition Zones of Steel Bridges as Hotspots for Track Buckling
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 06-2021
Concurrent multi-scale modeling of civil infrastructures for analyses on structural deteriorating—Part II: Model updating and verification
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
Differential axial shortening and its effects in high rise buildings with composite concrete filled tube columns
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
Identification of Multi-Axle Vehicle Loads on Bridges
Publisher: ASME International
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1115/1.1641391
Abstract: Both the time domain method (TDM) and frequency-time domain method (FTDM) are introduced and modified for the indirect identification of multi-axle vehicle loads from the bending moment responses of bridges. Two solutions to the over-determined set of equation involved in the identification methods are adopted. One is direct calculation of the pseudo inverse and another calculation of the pseudo inverse via the singular value decomposition technique for the ill-conditioned problems encountered. A few multi-axle vehicles were designed and constructed in the laboratory for validation purposes based on the ASSHTO standard specifications of highway bridges. Two kinds of frames between the tractor and trailer of trucks and, three types of vehicle suspension systems were simulated. Different multi-axle vehicle loads were identified from the measured bending moment responses of bridges under different operation condition in the laboratory. The effects of various vehicle and bridges parameters were evaluated. Comparative studies show that both TDM and FTDM methods involved in the moving force identification system (MFIS) are good identification methods and could efficiently identify the multi-axle vehicle loads on bridges.
Wheel Loads from Highway Bridge Strains: Field Studies
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 07-1990
Structural monitoring of Tsing Ma Bridge using fiber Bragg grating sensors
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2003
Moving force identification using an existing prestressed concrete bridge
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2000
A new method for quantifying the contribution of different critical agents to railway bridge deterioration
Publisher: Civil-Comp Press
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.4203/CCP.102.131
Vibration characteristics and damage detection in a suspension bridge
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
Comparative analysis of blast response of cable truss and cable net façades
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Lateral stability of CWR tracks in transition zones of open-deck steel bridges
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Structural damage detection method using frequency response functions
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 19-02-2014
Abstract: Structural damage detection using measured dynamic data for pattern recognition is a promising approach. These pattern recognition techniques utilize artificial neural networks and genetic algorithm to match pattern features. In this study, an artificial neural network–based damage detection method using frequency response functions is presented, which can effectively detect nonlinear damages for a given level of excitation. The main objective of this article is to present a feasible method for structural vibration–based health monitoring, which reduces the dimension of the initial frequency response function data and transforms it into new damage indices and employs artificial neural network method for detecting different levels of nonlinearity using recognized damage patterns from the proposed algorithm. Experimental data of the three-story bookshelf structure at Los Alamos National Laboratory are used to validate the proposed method. Results showed that the levels of nonlinear damages can be identified precisely by the developed artificial neural networks. Moreover, it is identified that artificial neural networks trained with summation frequency response functions give higher precise damage detection results compared to the accuracy of artificial neural networks trained with in idual frequency response functions. The proposed method is therefore a promising tool for structural assessment in a real structure because it shows reliable results with experimental data for nonlinear damage detection which renders the frequency response function–based method convenient for structural health monitoring.
Damage detection in rebar-reinforced concrete beams based on time reversal of guided waves
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2014
An Introduction to Simplified Methods of Bridge Analysis for Hong Kong
Publisher: The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers
Date: 1995
Soil-pile-superstructure interaction effects in seismically isolated bridges under combined vertical and horizontal strong ground motions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Preface: Recent Research Advances on Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Engineering Structures
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 09-2020
Coupled Horizontal and Vertical Component Analysis of Strong Ground Motions for Soil–Pile–Superstructure Systems: Application to a Bridge Pier with Soil–Structure Interaction
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-06-2019
Field validation of controlled Monte Carlo data generation for statistical damage identification employing Mahalanobis squared distance
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2014
Abstract: This article presents the field applications and validations for the controlled Monte Carlo data generation scheme. This scheme was previously derived to assist the Mahalanobis squared distance–based damage identification method to cope with data-shortage problems which often cause inadequate data multinormality and unreliable identification outcome. To do so, real-vibration datasets from two actual civil engineering structures with such data (and identification) problems are selected as the test objects which are then shown to be in need of enhancement to consolidate their conditions. By utilizing the robust probability measures of the data condition indices in controlled Monte Carlo data generation and statistical sensitivity analysis of the Mahalanobis squared distance computational system, well-conditioned synthetic data generated by an optimal controlled Monte Carlo data generation configurations can be unbiasedly evaluated against those generated by other set-ups and against the original data. The analysis results reconfirm that controlled Monte Carlo data generation is able to overcome the shortage of observations, improve the data multinormality and enhance the reliability of the Mahalanobis squared distance–based damage identification method particularly with respect to false-positive errors. The results also highlight the dynamic structure of controlled Monte Carlo data generation that makes this scheme well adaptive to any type of input data with any (original) distributional condition.
Damage detection in slab-on-girder bridges using vibration characteristics
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 20-11-2013
DOI: 10.1002/STC.1535
Toward effective structural identification of medium-rise building structures
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-11-2018
Fiber Bragg grating sensors for structural health monitoring of Tsing Ma bridge: Background and experimental observation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2006
Effective discrimination of acoustic emission source signals for structural health monitoring
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.1260/1369-4332.15.5.707
Abstract: Acoustic emission (AE) is the phenomenon where stress waves are generated due to rapid release of energy within a material caused by sources such as crack initiation or growth. AE technique involves recording the stress waves by means of sensors and subsequent analysis of the recorded signals to gather information about the nature of the source. Though AE technique is one of the popular non destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques for structural health monitoring of mechanical, aerospace and civil structures several challenges still exist in successful application of this technique. Presence of spurious noise signals can mask genuine damage-related AE signals hence a major challenge identified is finding ways to discriminate signals from different sources. Analysis of parameters of recorded AE signals, comparison of litudes of AE wave modes and investigation of uniqueness of recorded AE signals have been mentioned as possible criteria for source differentiation. This paper reviews common approaches currently in use for source discrimination, particularly focusing on structural health monitoring of civil engineering structural components such as beams and further investigates the applications of some of these methods by analyzing AE data from laboratory tests.
A novel preconditioned range restricted GMRES algorithm for moving force identification and its experimental validation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Effects of wireless sensor network uncertainties on output-only modal analysis employing merged data of multiple tests
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1260/1369-4332.17.3.319
Abstract: The use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for vibration-based Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has become a promising approach due to many advantages such as low cost, fast and flexible deployment. However, inherent technical issues such as data asynchronicity and data loss have prevented these distinct systems from being extensively used. Recently, several SHM-oriented WSNs have been proposed and believed to be able to overcome a large number of technical uncertainties. Nevertheless, there is limited research verifying the applicability of those WSNs with respect to demanding SHM applications like modal analysis and damage identification. Based on a brief review, this paper first reveals that Data Synchronization Error (DSE) is the most inherent factor amongst uncertainties of SHM-oriented WSNs. Effects of this factor are then investigated on outcomes and performance of the most robust Output-only Modal Analysis (OMA) techniques when merging data from multiple sensor setups. The two OMA families selected for this investigation are Frequency Domain Decomposition (FDD) and data-driven Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI-data) due to the fact that they both have been widely applied in the past decade. Accelerations collected by a wired sensory system on a large-scale laboratory bridge model are initially used as benchmark data after being added with a certain level of noise to account for the higher presence of this factor in SHM-oriented WSNs. From this source, a large number of simulations have been made to generate multiple DSE-corrupted datasets to facilitate statistical analyses. The results of this study show the robustness of FDD and the precautions needed for SSI-data family when dealing with DSE at a relaxed level. Finally, the combination of preferred OMA techniques and the use of the channel projection for the time-domain OMA technique to cope with DSE are recommended.
Capacity Estimation of Beam-Like Structures Using Substructural Method
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 09-11-2018
DOI: 10.1142/S0219455418501626
Abstract: Evaluating the performance of beam-like structures in terms of their current boundary conditions, stiffness and modal properties can be challenging as the structures behave differently from their designed conditions due to aging. The purpose of the current study is to determine the flexural rigidity of beam-like structures when their support conditions are not fully understood. A novel optimization scheme is proposed for estimation of the flexural stiffness and the capacity of the beam-like structures under moving loads. The proposed method is applied to various profiles of the beams made of different materials with unknown boundary conditions, and the effects of damage, excitation and optimization algorithm are rigorously investigated. The results of the numerical and experimental studies showed that the proposed substructural bending rigidity identification (SBI) method can correctly assess the in-service flexural stiffness, fixity of the boundary condition and the load-carrying capacity. This technique can be considered as a cost-effective method for periodic monitoring, load rating and model updating of the beam-like structures.
Formulation of an uncertainty model relating modal parameters and environmental factors by using long-term monitoring data
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 19-08-2003
DOI: 10.1117/12.482380
Health monitoring of buildings during construction and service stages using vibration characteristics
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.1260/1369-4332.15.5.717
Abstract: Columns and walls in buildings are subjected to a number of load increments during the construction and service stages. The combination of these load increments and poor quality construction can cause defects in these structural components. In addition, defects can also occur due to accidental or deliberate actions by users of the building during construction and service stages. Such defects should be detected early so that remedial measures can be taken to improve life time serviceability and performance of the building. This paper uses micro and macro model upgrading methods during construction and service stages of a building based on the mass and stiffness changes to develop a comprehensive procedure for locating and detecting defects in columns and walls of buildings. Capabilities of the procedure are illustrated through ex les.
Mixed-Dimensional Consistent Coupling by Multi-Point Constraint Equations for Efficient Multi-Scale Modeling
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.1260/1369-4332.15.5.837
Abstract: Finding an appropriate linking method to connect different dimensional element types in a single finite element model is a key issue in the multi-scale modeling. This paper presents a mixed dimensional coupling method using multi-point constraint equations derived by equating the work done on either side of interface connecting beam elements and shell elements for constructing a finite element multi-scale model. A typical steel truss frame structure is selected as case ex le and the reduced scale specimen of this truss section is then studied in the laboratory to measure its dynamic and static behavior in global truss and local welded details while the different analytical models are developed for numerical simulation. Comparison of dynamic and static response of the calculated results among different numerical models as well as the good agreement with those from experimental results indicates that the proposed multi-scale model is efficient and accurate.
Effective sensitivity-based model updating of cable-stayed bridges considering monitoring data variability
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.52305/QHVI3457
Locating and quantifying damage in beam-like structures using modal flexibility-based deflection changes
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1142/S0219455420420080
Abstract: This paper presents an enhanced method to locate and quantify damage in beam-like structures using changes in deflections estimated from modal flexibility (MF) matrices. The method is developed from explicit relationship between a series of MF-based deflection change vectors and the damage characteristics. Based on this, three damage locating criteria are defined and used to detect and locate damage. Once the damage is located, its severity is estimated conveniently from a closed-form function. The capability of the proposed method is examined through numerical and experimental verifications on a steel beam model. The result shows that the method accurately locates and quantifies damage under various scenarios using a few modes of vibration, with satisfactory or even better results compared to those obtained from traditional static deflection-based method. The performance of the proposed method is also compared with three well-known vibration-based damage detection methods using changes in MF and modal strain energy. It is found that the proposed method outperformed the other three methods, especially for multiple damage cases. As beams can represent various structural components, the proposed method provides a promising damage identification tool targeting the application to real-life structures.
Planning to Live Longer: A Model for the Maintenance-Focused Heritage Building Conservation
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
Date: 2023
Structural complexity in structural health monitoring: design of laboratory model and test plan
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 29-08-2015
Reliability-based load-carrying capacity assessment of bridges using structural health monitoring and nonlinear analysis
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-11-2019
Abstract: For assessment of existing bridges, load rating is usually performed to assess the capacity against vehicular loading. Codified load rating can be conservative if the rating is not coupled with the field data or if simplifications are incorporated into assessment. Recent changes made to the Australian Bridge assessment code (AS 5100.7) distinguish the difference between design and assessment requirements, and include addition of structural health monitoring for bridge assessment. However, very limited guidelines are provided regarding higher order assessment levels, where more refined approaches are required to optimize the accuracy of the assessment procedure. This article proposes a multi-tier assessment procedure for capacity estimation of existing bridges using a combination of structural health monitoring techniques, advanced nonlinear analysis, and probabilistic approaches to effectively address the safety issues on aging bridges. Assessment of a Box Girder bridge was carried out according to the proposed multi-tier assessment, using data obtained from modal and destructive testing. Results of analysis at different assessment tiers showed that both load-carrying capacity and safety index of the bridge vary significantly if current bridge information is used instead of as-designed bridge information. Findings emerged from this study demonstrated that accuracy of bridge assessment is significantly improved when structural health monitoring techniques along with reliability approaches and nonlinear finite element analysis are incorporated, which will have important implications that are relevant to both practitioners and asset managers.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the behaviour of CFRP strengthened CHS beams subjected to bending
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
A novel hybrid surrogate intelligent model for creep index prediction based on particle swarm optimization and random forest
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Vibration-based Bayesian model updating of civil engineering structures applying Gaussian process metamodel
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2019
Abstract: Structural health monitoring plays a significant role in providing information regarding the performance of structures throughout their life spans. However, information that is directly extracted from monitored data is usually susceptible to uncertainties and not reliable enough to be used for structural investigations. Finite element model updating is an accredited framework that reliably identifies structural behavior. Recently, the modular Bayesian approach has emerged as a probabilistic technique in calibrating the finite element model of structures and comprehensively addressing uncertainties. However, few studies have investigated its performance on real structures. In this article, modular Bayesian approach is applied to calibrate the finite element model of a lab-scaled concrete box girder bridge. This study is the first to use the modular Bayesian approach to update the initial finite element model of a real structure for two states—undamaged and damaged conditions—in which the damaged state represents changes in structural parameters as a result of aging or overloading. The application of the modular Bayesian approach in the two states provides an opportunity to examine the performance of the approach with observed evidence. A discrepancy function is used to identify the deviation between the outputs of the experimental and numerical models. To alleviate computational burden, the numerical model and the model discrepancy function are replaced by Gaussian processes. Results indicate a significant reduction in the stiffness of concrete in the damaged state, which is identical to cracks observed on the body of the structure. The discrepancy function reaches satisfying ranges in both states, which implies that the properties of the structure are predicted accurately. Consequently, the proposed methodology contributes to a more reliable judgment about structural safety.
Structural complexity in structural health monitoring: preliminary experimental modal testing and analysis
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 29-08-2015
Fully coupled modelling technique for blast analysis of cable truss facades
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
A Novel Hybrid Whale-Chimp Optimization Algorithm for Structural Damage Detection
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-09-2022
DOI: 10.3390/APP12189036
Abstract: Damage detection of structures based on swarm intelligence optimization algorithms is an effective method for structural damage detection and key parts of the field of structural health monitoring. Based on the chimp optimization algorithm (ChOA) and the whale optimization algorithm, this paper proposes a novel hybrid whale-chimp optimization algorithm (W-ChOA) for structural damage detection. To improve the identification accuracy of the ChOA, the Sobol sequence is adopted in the population initialization stage to make the population evenly fill the entire solution space. In addition, to improve the local search ability of the traditional ChOA, the bubble-net hunting mechanism and the random search mechanism of the whale optimization algorithm are introduced into the position update process of the ChOA. In this paper, the validity and applicability of the proposed method are illustrated by a two-story rigid frame model and a simply supported beam model. Simulations show that the presented method has much better performance than the ChOA, especially in dealing with multiple damage detection cases. The W-ChOA has good performance in both overcoming misjudgment and improving computational efficiency, which should be a preferred choice in adoption for structural damage detection.
Static vertical displacement measurement of bridges using fiber bragg grating (FBG) sensors
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1260/1369-4332.16.1.165
Abstract: Vertical displacements are one of the most relevant parameters for structural health monitoring of bridges in both the short and long terms. Bridge managers around the globe are always looking for a simple way to measure vertical displacements of bridges. However, it is difficult to carry out such measurements. On the other hand, in recent years, with the advancement of fiber-optic technologies, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are more commonly used in structural health monitoring due to their outstanding advantages including multiplexing capability, immunity of electromagnetic interference as well as high resolution and accuracy. For these reasons, using FBG sensors is proposed to develop a simple, inexpensive and practical method to measure vertical displacements of bridges. A curvature approach for vertical displacement measurements using curvature measurements is proposed. In addition, with the successful development of FBG tilt sensors, an inclination approach is also proposed using inclination measurements. A series of simulation tests of a full-scale bridge was conducted. It shows that both of the approaches can be implemented to determine vertical displacements for bridges with various support conditions, varying stiffness ( EI) along the spans and without any prior known loading. These approaches can thus measure vertical displacements for most of slab-on-girder and box-girder bridges. Besides, the approaches are feasible to implement for bridges under various loading. Moreover, with the advantages of FBG sensors, they can be implemented to monitor bridge behavior remotely and in real time. A beam loading test was conducted to determine vertical displacements using FBG strain sensors and tilt sensors. The discrepancies as compared with dial gauges reading using the curvature and inclination approaches are 0.14mm (1.1%) and 0.41mm (3.2%), respectively. Further recommendations of these approaches for developments will also be discussed at the end of the paper.
Outrigger-Belt and Frame Interaction in Composite Tall Buildings under Differential Axial Shortening
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 09-2017
Locating and quantifying damage in deck type arch bridges using frequency response functions and artificial neural networks
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1142/S0219455420420109
Abstract: Vibration-based methods can be used to detect damage in a structure as its vibration characteristics change with physical changes in the structure. Arch bridge is a popular type of bridge with rather complex vibration characteristics which pose a challenge for using existing vibration-based methods to detect damage in the bridge. Further, its particular geometry with a curved arch rib and vertical members (either in compression or tension) to support the horizontal deck makes the process of damage quantification using vibration-based methods harder and challenging. This paper develops and presents a vibration-based method that utilizes damage pattern changes in frequency response functions (FRFs) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) to locate and quantify damage in the rib of deck-type arch bridge, which is the most important load bearing component in the bridge. Principal component analysis, which is performed to reduce the dimension of original FRF data series and to obtain limited principal component analysis (PCA)-compressed FRF data is used in the development of the proposed method. FRF change, which is the difference in the FRF data between the intact and the damaged structure, is compressed to a few principal components and fed to ANNs to predict the location and severity of structural damage. The process and the hierarchy of developed ANN systems are presented, including the “fusion network” concept, which in idually analyses FRF-based damage indicators separated by sensor locations. Finally, results obtained for many tested damage cases (inverse problems) are presented, which demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method for locating and quantifying damage in the rib of deck type arch bridge.
Static displacement expansion for cable-strut tensile structures by concurrently using mode compensation and optimization strategies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
A study on the use of acoustic emission technique as a structural health monitoring tool
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2011
A MOM-Based Algorithm for Identification of Moving Vehicle Loads on Bridges
Publisher: ASMEDC
Date: 2006
Abstract: An improved time domain method (ITDM) is proposed for moving force identification using bridge responses, which aims at an acceptable solution to the ill-conditioning problem that often exists in the inverse problem of moving force identification. Based on the method of moments (MOM) and the theory of moving force identification, the moving forces were described as a combination of whole basis functions, such as orthogonal Legendre polynomials or Fourier series, and were then estimated by solving the new system equations developed based on the basis functions. Under a number of response combination cases, the moving vehicle loads are identified using the ITDM and compared with the existing time domain method (TDM). Further a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effect of various parameters on the ITDM. Those parameters include basis function number, mode number, number of measured stations, and CPU executive time of the ITDM. Simulation and experiment results show that the ITDM has higher identification accuracy and robust noise immunity as well as being able to generate an acceptable solution to the ill-conditioning problem to some extent when it is used to identify the moving forces from bridge responses. Meanwhile, the ITDM can lessen the executive CPU time as well as being more flexible when compared with the TDM. This is beneficial to real time analysis of moving force identification in field.
Effects of differential axial shortening on outrigger systems in high rise buildings with concrete filled steel tube columns
Publisher: School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland
Date: 2015
Multi-scale numerical analysis on dynamic response and local damage in long-span bridges
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2007
Comparative durability study of CFRP strengthened tubular steel members under cold weather
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-04-2015
A statistical strategy to select optimal structural health monitoring data in operational modal analysis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2013
SUPER-ELEMENT WITH SEMI-RIGID JOINTS IN MODEL UPDATING
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2001
A truncated generalized singular value decomposition algorithm for moving force identification with ill-posed problems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Developing a maintenance-focussed conservation model: an Australian overview
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 07-06-2021
DOI: 10.1108/JCHMSD-02-2021-0030
Abstract: This paper presents a conceptual design process for developing a maintenance-focused heritage conservation model. Currently, there are several intervention approaches that can be applied in conservation from reconstruction, restoration and repairs to a “do-nothing” approach. This paper examines whether a maintenance solution is more than just an option or a necessity. The aim of the paper is to study the challenges and opportunities when putting more emphasis on the maintenance approach in conservation. This research was conducted in an Australian context, where many major buildings were constructed from the 19th and 20th centuries and are now categorised as “modern heritage”. three case studies were undertaken to inform this paper and others. In addition, 17 global heritage conservation experts were interviewed, and their responses were analysed. Also, comparative field observations and archival records were examined and used to develop the initial framework model. Finally, using focus group discussions amongst 7 experts, the framework was reviewed and formally validated in order to ensure the development of a useful model for use in devising an effective maintenance management plan and monitoring conditions in heritage buildings. This paper supports others in a series that have already been accepted by this journal, focussing the research on heritage building conservation being conducted in Australia, the homeland of the Burra Charter. The other papers are entitled (1) model for the maintenance-focused heritage building conservation and (2) engineering in heritage conservation. The paper examines contemporary issues in heritage building maintenance and conservation in Australia and focusses specifically on the lack of focus on maintenance as a conservation intervention for heritage buildings.
Moving Force Identification—A Frequency and Time Domains Analysis
Publisher: ASME International
Date: 09-1999
DOI: 10.1115/1.2802487
Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of identifying a system of forces from vehicle crossing a guideway using only the vibration responses caused by the forces as the input without knowledge of the vehicle characteristics. The vehicle is modeled as a single axle and two-axle loads with fixed axle spacing moving on a simply supported beam with viscous d ing. The equations of motion of the beam are obtained through modal coordinate transformation, and the resulting set of equations relating the Fourier transforms of the responses and the moving forces are converted into time domain by a new method proposed by the authors. Correctness of the identified forces are checked by the correlation between the measured responses and the responses reconstructed with the identified forces moving on the beam. Experimental result shows that the method is effective to give good correlation when both measured bending moment and acceleration are used, and it is faster and it gives more accurate estimate of the total mass of the vehicle than an existing method.
Model updating of real structures with ambient vibration data
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-06-2016
Bridge live load models from WIM data
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2002
Automatic modal identification of cable-supported bridges instrumented with a long-term monitoring system
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 19-08-2003
DOI: 10.1117/12.482379
Innovative impact testing machine for enhancing impact related research in Australia
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-03-2022
DOI: 10.1177/20414196211073502
Abstract: This paper summarises the development of a state-of-art impact testing machine for simulating impacts such as vehicular crashes or debris impacts onto structures. The machine has a 200 kg pneumatically powered projectile which can travel horizontally within the barrel of the machine with a maximum velocity of 50 m/s to impact the target structure. The maximum kinetic energy that can be generated by the projectile is 125 kJ by using different combinations of mass and velocity. The diameter of the projectile is 214 mm, and its impacting face can be changed to different shapes, such as flat circle, flat square or an elliptical nose to suit different impact scenarios. An innovative braking mechanism incorporating a crush tube is attached within the barrel to ensure safety when the projectile fails to be restrained by the impact. The crush tube can absorb the maximum imparted by the moving projectile. An advanced data acquisition system is installed to collect quantitative and qualitative test data during a period of 50 ms to 1 s. Two high-speed digital image correlation (DIC) cameras are attached and synchronised with the operation of the impact testing machine to record the images at the rate of 50,000 frames per second. Outputs in terms of strains, deformations, accelerations of the target structure with a record of damage history can be analysed using this 3D DIC technique. The paper also briefly presents the first application of this machine for impact testing masonry wall structures.
Special Issue: Real World Application of SHM in Australia
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2019
Finite element modelling for fatigue stress analysis of large suspension bridges
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2003
Fiber Bragg grating sensors for structural and railway applications
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 14-02-2005
DOI: 10.1117/12.580803
MOVING FORCE IDENTIFICATION STUDIES, II: COMPARATIVE STUDIES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2001
Fatigue Damage Accumulation of Welded Bridge Member during Crack Growth Propagation with Initial Crack
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 09-2007
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/KEM.353-358.24
Abstract: The crack growth behavior and the fatigue life of welded members with initial crack in bridges under traffic loading were investigated. Based on existed fatigue experiment results of welded members with initial crack and the fatigue experiment result of welded bridge member under constant stress cycle, the crack keeps semi-elliptical shape with variable ratio of a/c during crack propagation. The calculated method of the stress intensity factor necessary for welded bridge member crack propagation was discussed. The crack remained semi-elliptical shape with variable ratio of a/c during crack propagation. The fatigue crack propagation law suitable for welded steel bridge member fatigue crack propagation analysis was deduced based on the continuum damage mechanics and fracture mechanics. The proposed fatigue crack growth model was then applied to calculate the crack growth and the fatigue life of existed welded member with fatigue experimental result. The calculated and measured fatigue life was generally in good agreement, at suitable initial conditions of cracking, for welded member widely used in steel bridges.
Quantifying in-plane deformation of plate elements using vibration characteristics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
Dynamic interaction of long suspension bridges with running trains
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2000
Development of a cost-effective and flexible vibration DAQ system for long-term continuous structural health monitoring
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
Dual in-filled trenches for vibration mitigation and their predictions using artificial neural network
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
Recent advances in auxetics: Applications in cementitious composites
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 18-03-2022
DOI: 10.1177/20414196211062620
Abstract: Auxetic materials, possessing negative Poisson’s ratios (NPRs), have the ability to shrink (or expand) in the lateral direction under an axial compressive (or tensile) force respectively. Due to this unique feature, an auxetic material is found to sustain high energy absorption capacity, fracture toughness and shear resistance and thus regarded as one of the future materials in the field of impact protection. However, civil engineering applications of auxetic structures or materials are minimal due to miscellaneous restrictions on NPR effects. Accumulative developments in auxetics have facilitated their applications in cementitious materials in recent years. This paper presents an overview of recent advances in the development of auxetic cementitious composites and analyses and summarises their mechanical properties under different loading conditions. Prior to extensive finite element simulations, more attention has been given to the limited experimental results. Particular attention is paid to the expansionary feasibility of the parent material to introduce auxetic behaviour, with precise identification of the limitations, innovative composition methods and facilitation of auxetic features. Finally, the paper outlines the limitations of the current research and envisages few future research opportunities in auxetic cementitious composites.
Classification of inventory data suit for managing Australian railway bridges
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 27-05-2014
DOI: 10.1201/B17063-426
Damage detection in asymmetric buildings using vibration‐based techniques
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 08-02-2018
DOI: 10.1002/STC.2148
An improved modal strain energy method for damage assessment
Publisher: Civil-Comp Press
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.4203/CCP.93.53
Damage detection in hyperbolic cooling towers using vibration based damage detection techniques
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 21-08-2019
Modeling a Maintenance-Focused Conservation System
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
Date: 04-09-2023
Enhanced energy absorption of auxetic cementitious composites with polyurethane foam layers for building protection application
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Case studies on vibration based damage identification: Multi-criteria approach
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2009
MOVING FORCE IDENTIFICATION STUDIES, I: THEORY
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2001
Determination of effective stress range and its application on fatigue stress assessment of existing bridges
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2002
Damage Identification of Civil Structures Using Modal Kinetic Energy Change Approach
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 04-09-2020
Damage diagnosis for complex steel truss bridges using multi-layer genetic algorithm
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-03-2013
Use of artificial neural network to evaluate the vibration mitigation performance of geofoam-filled trenches
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Utjecaji orijentacije slojeva CFRP traka na ojačanje šupljih čeličnih elemenata
Publisher: Croatian Association of Civil Engineers
Date: 2015
Moving force identification based on the frequency–time domain method
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2003
Algorithm for rapidly predicting the worst surface accuracy of deployable mesh reflectors
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Separation and extraction of bridge dynamic strain data
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-09-2009
Toward efficacy of piecewise polynomial truncated singular value decomposition algorithm in moving force identification
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 22-05-2019
Abstract: This article introduces and evaluates the piecewise polynomial truncated singular value decomposition algorithm toward an effective use for moving force identification. Suffering from numerical non-uniqueness and noise disturbance, the moving force identification is known to be associated with ill-posedness. An important method for solving this problem is the truncated singular value decomposition algorithm, but the truncated small singular values removed by truncated singular value decomposition may contain some useful information. The piecewise polynomial truncated singular value decomposition algorithm extracts the useful responses from truncated small singular values and superposes it into the solution of truncated singular value decomposition, which can be useful in moving force identification. In this article, a comprehensive numerical simulation is set up to evaluate piecewise polynomial truncated singular value decomposition, and compare this technique against truncated singular value decomposition and singular value decomposition. Numerically simulated data are processed to validate the novel method, which show that regularization matrix [Formula: see text] and truncating point [Formula: see text] are the two most important governing factors affecting identification accuracy and ill-posedness immunity of piecewise polynomial truncated singular value decomposition.
Dynamic Wheel Loads From Bridge Strains
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 09-1988
Accumulative damage near crack tip for welded bridge members: fatigue life determination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2005
Damage assessment in hyperbolic cooling towers using mode shape curvature and artificial neural networks
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Damage identification in a complex truss structure using modal characteristics correlation method and sensitivity-weighted search space
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-11-2019
Abstract: Damage identification for complex structures is a challenging task due to the large amount of structural elements, limited number of measured modes and uncertainties in referenced numerical models. This article presents a study on enhancing the effectiveness of modal characteristics correlation methods for damage identification of complex structures. First, a correlation method using change in the ratio of modal strain energy to eigenvalue is introduced. Damage information is determined via a forward approach by optimizing the correlation level between the patterns of the analytical and measured changes in the ratio of modal strain energy to eigenvalue. Different from traditional optimization-based forward methods that require accurate numerical models, damage sensitivity coefficients of the ratio of modal strain energy to eigenvalue are directly estimated from the experimental modal information. To enhance the damage identification capability, both the elemental modal strain energy–eigenvalue ratio and the total modal strain energy–eigenvalue ratio components are examined in the correlation function. Second, a sensitivity-weighted search space scheme incorporated with genetic algorithm is developed to overcome the ill-posed problem that causes false detection errors. Finally, the correlation method and the enhanced technique are experimentally tested on a complex truss model with nearly 100 elements. To deal with the huge number of degrees of freedom in this structure, a multi-layout roving test with the adoption of redundant channels is designed, and a three-criterion strategy is used for the selection of modes. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed damage assessment framework to locate and estimate damage in complex truss structures.
Engineering in heritage conservation
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 30-04-2021
DOI: 10.1108/JCHMSD-09-2020-0129
Abstract: This paper aims to set out the role of engineers in heritage conservation and investigates and evaluates the proposed available tools, technology and innovations that are currently available in the civil engineering sector that can be applied in heritage conservation. As society has become more aware of the grandeur of heritage spaces and structures, there is increasing pressure to preserve historic buildings. But, it is the economic cost of maintaining this important heritage legacy that has become the prime consideration of every state in Australia. Dedicated intelligent monitoring systems supplementing the traditional building inspections will enable the involved and interested stakeholders to carry out not only timely reactive response, but also to plan the maintenance of such buildings in a more vigilant and systematic manner. This will, in future, help to prevent further degradation of heritage buildings, which is very costly, often difficult and sometimes impossible to address if neglected. Savings in time and resources can be achieved, but only if a building's pathological monitoring and inspection results are on hand for use to guide major decisions to be made on how to best prevent further decay, or to save an important historical structure or building fabric. The emergence of technological tools will enable the realization of a maintenance-focused conservation model. However, aside from the cost, these tools are still experimental in nature. These technologies are yet to be applied within the conservation industry with hopes of creating an easier and economically effective systematic method of heritage conservation. The paper discusses the emerging tools and technologies in easing the monitoring aspect of a maintenance-focused conservation model.
Model for the maintenance-focussed heritage building conservation
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 29-03-2022
DOI: 10.1108/JCHMSD-09-2020-0127
Abstract: This paper presents and illustrates the model of a maintenance-focussed conservation plan developed in the thesis. It proposes a framework which puts more emphasis on maintenance in conservation than reconstruction, restorations, repairs or even a “do-nothing” approach. The research was conducted in an Australian context, where many major buildings are categorised as being “modern heritage”. However, the main problem with modern heritage is that although it has become more celebrated within the architectural historical sector, maintenance is still only in the background of most facility management (FM) operations, and its critical importance has yet to become accepted as a potential solution to greatly facilitate the proper preservation of the nation's architectural legacy. Challenges and barriers to this approach were evaluated, whilst opportunities were identified to improve a failing current situation that has resulted in the loss of many existing heritage structures. The paper makes a strong case in order to highlight the necessity of embedding a maintenance approach in preserving the historical fabric of buildings in the heritage conservation sector. This research examines the key strategies for a maintenance-focussed conservation system. The paper tackles experiences and issues in Australia about a lack of focus on maintenance as a conservation intervention.
<title>Fatigue evaluation for Tsing Ma Bridge using structural health monitoring data</title>
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 03-08-2001
DOI: 10.1117/12.435609
Enhancing the lateral performance of modular buildings through innovative inter-modular connections
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
<title>Field study on moving force identification</title>
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 03-08-2001
DOI: 10.1117/12.435606
An extended probabilistic demand model with optimal intensity measures for seismic performance characterization of isolated bridges under coupled horizontal and vertical motions
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-02-2021
Detecting damage in steel beams using modal strain energy based damage index and Artificial Neural Network
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Damage detection in steel-concrete composite bridge using vibration characteristics and artificial neural network
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-11-2019
Hybrid meta-heuristic and machine learning algorithms for tunneling-induced settlement prediction: A comparative study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Structural identification and evaluation for SHM applications
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-09-2018
Framework for a maintenance-focused conservation system
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2019
Synthetic rating procedures for railway bridges
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 12-2014
A theoretical study of force identification using prestressed concrete bridges
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2000
Deterioration assessment of buildings using an improved hybrid model updating approach and long-term health monitoring data
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 19-09-2018
Abstract: In recent years, it has become increasingly important to develop methodologies for reliable deterioration assessment of civil structures over their life cycle to facilitate maintenance and/or rehabilitation planning processes. Several approaches have been established to address this issue mainly using Bayesian probabilistic model updating techniques with some capability to incorporate uncertainties in the updating process. However, Bayesian model updating techniques are often found to be complex and computationally inefficient as opposed to their deterministic counterparts such as conventional or hybrid techniques of sensitivity-based model updating. Nevertheless, the deterministic model updating techniques have not been well developed for sophisticated assessment applications such as deterioration evaluation. To address these issues, this article presents a novel methodology for deterioration assessment of building structures under serviceability loading conditions, based upon an improved hybrid model updating approach incorporating the use of long-term monitoring data. This is first realized by a simple but effective scheme to simulate the deterioration mechanism in serviceability loading conditions before enhanced with innovative solutions to classify structural elements as well as to handle measurement and updating uncertainties in a meaningful way. The effectiveness of the established methodology is illustrated through a benchmark 10-story reinforced concrete building which is equipped with a long-term structural health monitoring system.
Numerical studies on CFRP strengthened steel circular members under marine environment
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-01-2016
Correlation-based damage detection for complicated truss bridges using multi-layer genetic algorithm
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.1260/1369-4332.15.5.693
Abstract: The study presents a multi-layer genetic algorithm (GA) approach using correlation-based methods to facilitate damage determination for through-truss bridge structures. To begin, the structure's damage-suspicious elements are ided into several groups. In the first GA layer, the damage is initially optimised for all groups using correlation objective function. In the second layer, the groups are combined to larger groups and the optimisation starts over at the normalised point of the first layer result. Then the identification process repeats until reaching the final layer where one group includes all structural elements and only minor optimisations are required to fine tune the final result. Several damage scenarios on a complicated through-truss bridge ex le are nominated to address the proposed approach's effectiveness. Structural modal strain energy has been employed as the variable vector in the correlation function for damage determination. Simulations and comparison with the traditional single-layer optimisation shows that the proposed approach is efficient and feasible for complicated truss bridge structures when the measurement noise is taken into account.
Computation-Effective Structural Performance Assessment Using Gaussian Process-Based Finite Element Model Updating and Reliability Analysis
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1142/S0219455420420031
Abstract: Structural health monitoring data has been widely acknowledged as a significant source for evaluating the performance and health conditions of structures. However, a holistic framework that efficiently incorporates monitored data into structural identification and, in turn, provides a realistic life-cycle performance assessment of structures is yet to be established. There are different sources of uncertainty, such as structural parameters, computer model bias and measurement errors. Neglecting to account for these factors results in unreliable structural identifications, consequent financial losses, and a threat to the safety of structures and human lives. This paper proposes a new framework for structural performance assessment that integrates a comprehensive probabilistic finite element model updating approach, which deals with various structural identification uncertainties and structural reliability analysis. In this framework, Gaussian process surrogate models are replaced with a finite element model and its associate discrepancy function to provide a computationally efficient and all-round uncertainty quantification. Herein, the structural parameters that are most sensitive to measured structural dynamic characteristics are investigated and used to update the numerical model. Sequentially, the updated model is applied to compute the structural capacity with respect to loading demand to evaluate its as-is performance. The proposed framework’s feasibility is investigated and validated on a large lab-scale box girder bridge in two different health states, undamaged and damaged, with the latter state representing changes in structural parameters resulted from overloading actions. The results from the box girder bridge indicate a reduced structural performance evidenced by a significant drop in the structural reliability index and an increased probability of failure in the damaged state. The results also demonstrate that the proposed methodology contributes to more reliable judgment about structural safety, which in turn enables more informed maintenance decisions to be made.
Durability performance of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer strengthened circular hollow steel members under cold weather
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2014
Influence of modal mass participation in damage detection of cable structures
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2016
Assessing vibration induced damage in unreinforced masonry walls subject to vehicular impact – A numerical study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Intelligent modelling of clay compressibility using hybrid meta-heuristic and machine learning algorithms
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Indirectly measuring the displacements of tension structures under dominant design loads by exerting simple testing loads
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Identifying the Prestress Force in Prestressed Concrete Bridges Using Ultrasonic Technology
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1142/S0219455420420146
Abstract: In this research, ultrasonic tests were performed on a prestressed concrete box-girder model to identify the prestressed force according to the acoustoelastic theory. During the tests, the ultrasonic wave was generated using piezoelectric transducers and emitted to the prestressed concrete bridge model. The concrete bridge model was subjected to three different levels of prestress force (PF), which were limited to about 30%, 50% and 80% of the ultimate tensile strength. The experimental results showed the increase in prestress force level leads to an increase in the relative change in the wave velocity and the litude energy of the ultrasonic wave which proved the acoustoelastic effect theory. This study contributes to the knowledge of the acoustoelastic behavior of the prestressed concrete and presents the capability of the ultrasonic system in evaluating the stress state in the prestressed concrete bridge.
Fatigue analysis and life prediction of bridges with structural health monitoring data — Part I: methodology and strategy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2001
Damage detection in a suspension bridge using modal flexibility method
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Identification of vehicle axle loads from bridge responses using preconditioned least square QR-factorization algorithm
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Moving force identification based on modified preconditioned conjugate gradient method
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
Vertical Displacement Measurements for Bridges Using Optical Fiber Sensors and CCD Cameras — A Preliminary Study
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2009
Abstract: Bridge managers all over the world are always looking for simple ways to measure bridge vertical displacements for structural health monitoring. However, traditional methods to obtain such data are either tedious or expensive. There is a need to develop a simple, inexpensive, and yet practical method to measure bridge vertical displacements. This paper proposes two methods using either optical fiber (FBG) sensors or a charge-coupled-device (CCD) camera, respectively, for vertical displacement measurements of bridges. The FBG sensor method is based on the measured horizontal strains together with the identified curvature functions obtained by a self-developed FBG Tilt sensor. CCD cameras use a large number of pixels to form an image. The CCD camera method utilizes image processing techniques for pixel identification and subsequent edge detection. A preliminary study to validate the proposed methods in laboratory was presented. The tests include applying the methods to determine the vertical displacements separately for a concrete beam and a steel beam under various loadings. The comparisons include their installations, costs, degrees of accuracy, external factors affecting the measurement, etc. It was concluded that both methods could be used for vertical displacement measurement, and they could be complementary with one another. It was suggested to further improve the two methods developed and a successful outcome will not only help to solve an important problem for bridge management, but also prepare the way for better structural health monitoring techniques.
Structural Health Monitoring - Use of Mathematics and Computers
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2014
DOI: 10.1109/MCSI.2014.35
Sensitivity and Reliability Analyses in to Actively Controlled Structures Under Earthquake
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
Date: 09-04-2022
DOI: 10.1142/S0219455422501243
Abstract: This study aims for a probabilistic assessment of active seismic control of structures in the presence of uncertainties of the structural model and the stochastic model of the ground acceleration. First, sensitivity analyses based on the Borgonovo sensitivity index are conducted to measure the effect of uncertainty sources on the maximum and root mean square (RMS) of the main structural responses in different seismic hazard regions. Then, the reliability analyses are conducted using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and importance s ling (IS) methods to the estimation of failure probabilities and reliability indices of the structures in different seismic hazard regions, force capacity of actuators, and seismic performance levels. Numerical studies carried out on a 10-story structure show that the uncertainties in peak ground acceleration (PGA) and story stiffness have the most effects on the seismic responses of the structure. The effect of the considered uncertainties is negligible on the maximum demand control force. The results also show that equipping the structure with an active control system results in a significant reduction in the failure probabilities of the structure. The target reliability index for the uncontrolled structure in life safety seismic performance level may not be satisfied in high and very high seismic hazard regions, it can however be easily dealt with, using the proposed technique, in the corresponding controlled structures. By increasing the control force capacity, an increment is observed in the reliability index. A high and suitable reliability index is given for both controlled and uncontrolled in the collapse prevention seismic performance level.
Moving Axle Load From Multi-Span Continuous Bridge: Laboratory Study
Publisher: ASME International
Date: 12-02-2006
DOI: 10.1115/1.2202154
Abstract: Laboratory study on the identification of moving vehicle axle loads on a multi-span continuous bridge from the measured bending moment responses is presented. A bridge-vehicle system model was fabricated in the laboratory. The bridge was modeled as a three span continuous beam and the car was modeled as a vehicle model with two-axle loads. A number of strain gauges were adhered to the bottom surface of the beam to measure the bending moment responses. Using measured bending moment responses as an input, the corresponding inverse problem was solved to identify moving loads. The moving forces were identified when considering bending moment responses from all spans of the beam. In order to avoid the lower identification accuracy around the inner supports of continuous bridge and to improve the computation efficiency, the moving force identification from the target (one selected) span of the continuous bridge was studied. The rebuilt responses were reconstructed from the identified loads as a forward problem. To study the accuracy of the method the relative percentage errors were calculated with respect to the measured and the rebuilt bending moment responses. The rebuilt bending moment responses obtained from the identified forces are in good agreement with the measured bending moment responses. This indirectly shows that the method is capable of identifying moving loads on continuous supported bridges.
AN INTERPRETIVE METHOD FOR MOVING FORCE IDENTIFICATION
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1999
Wheel Loads From Bridge Strains: Laboratory Studies
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 09-1988
Benchmark Studies for Bridge Health Monitoring Using an Improved Modal Strain Energy Method
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Preface
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-06-2016
Structural Deterioration Localization Using Enhanced Autoregressive Time-Series Analysis
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1142/S0219455420420134
Abstract: Irrespective to how well structures were built, they all deteriorate. Herein, deterioration is defined as a slow and continuous reduction of structural performance, which if prolonged can lead to damage. Deterioration occurs due to different factors such as ageing, environmental and operational (E& O) variations including those due to service loads. Structural performance can be defined as load-carrying capacity, deformation capacity, service life and so on. This paper aims to develop an effective method to detect and locate deterioration in the presence of E& O variations and high measurement noise content. For this reason, a novel vibration-based deterioration assessment method is developed. Since deterioration alters the unique vibration characteristics of a structure, it can be identified by tracking the changes in the vibration characteristics. This study uses enhanced autoregressive (AR) time-series models to fit the vibration response data of a structure. Then, the statistical hypotheses of chi-square variance test and two-s le [Formula: see text]-test are applied to the model residuals. To precisely evaluate changes in the vibration characteristics, an integrated deterioration identification (DI) is defined using the calculated statistical hypotheses and a H el filter is used to detect and remove false positive and negative results. Model residual is the difference between the predicted signal from the time series model and the actual measured response data at each time interval. The response data of two numerically simulated case studies of 3-storey and 20-storey reinforced concrete (RC) shear frames contaminated with different noise contents demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. Multiple deterioration and damage locations, as well as preventive maintenance actions, are also considered in these case studies. Furthermore, the method was successfully verified utilizing measured data from an experiment carried out on a box-girder bridge (BGB) structure.
Structural complexity in structural health monitoring: Design of laboratory model and test plan
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2015
Structural complexity in structural health monitoring: Preliminary experimental modal testing and analysis
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2015
Corrigendum to 'A numerical method to quantify differential axial shortening in concrete'
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
Effects of wireless sensor network uncertainties on output-only modal-based damage identification
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2014
Method development of damage detection in asymmetric buildings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Vibration-based dual-criteria approach for damage detection in arch bridges
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 18-01-2019
Abstract: Vibration characteristics of a structure can be used as an indication of its state of structural health as they vary if the structural health is affected by damage. This is the broad principle used in structural health monitoring for vibration-based damage detection of structures. Although most structures are built to have a long life span, they can incur damage due to many reasons. Early damage detection and appropriate retrofitting will enable the continued safe and efficient functioning of structures. This study develops and applies a dual-criteria method based on vibration characteristics to detect and locate damage in arch bridges. Steel arch bridges are one of the most aesthetically pleasing bridge types, which are reasonably popular in Australia and elsewhere. They exhibit three-dimensional and somewhat complex vibration characteristics that may not be suitable for traditional vibration-based damage detection methods. There have been relatively fewer studies on damage detection in these bridge types, and in particular the arch rib and struts, which are important structural components, have received little attention for damage detection. This study will address this research gap and treat the damage detection in the arch bridge structural components using the dual-criteria method to give unambiguous results. The proposed method is first validated by experimental data obtained from testing of a laboratory arch bridge model. The experimental results are also used to validate the modelling techniques and this is followed by damage detection studies on this bridge model as well as on a full-scale long-span arch bridge. Results demonstrate that the proposed dual-criteria method based on the two damage indices can detect and locate damage in the arch rib and vertical columns of deck-type arch bridges with considerable accuracy under a range of damage scenarios using only a few of the early modes of vibration.
Hot Spot Stress Analysis of Fatigue for Tsing Ma Bridge Critical Members under Traffic Using Finite Element Method
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 09-2007
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/KEM.353-358.925
Abstract: The suspension bridge has more flexibility and repetitive vehicles produce stress cycles in members. Then fatigue of the member is accumulated with the daily traffic loadings. In order to evaluate the working condition of the Tsing Ma Bridge, the online monitoring health system has been installed in long suspension bridge. The location of the strain sensor is not exactly at the critical member locations. The hot spot stress analysis for critical members is necessary for accurate fatigue evaluation of the bridge. The global finite element analysis of the Tsing Ma Bridge under traffic loading is performed to determine the critical fatigue member locations. A detailed local finite element analysis for the welded connections is performed to determine the hot spot stress of critical fatigue location. As a case for study, the calculated stress concentration factor is combined with the nominal representative stress block cycle to obtain the representative hot spot stress range cycle block under traffic loading from online health monitoring system. The comparison result shows that the nominal stress approach cannot consider the most critical stress of the fatigue damage location and the hot spot stress approach is more appropriate for fatigue evaluation.
Vibration based baseline updating method to localize crack formation and propagation in reinforced concrete members
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
Evaluation of typhoon induced fatigue damage for Tsing Ma Bridge
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2002
A Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm with Sigmoid Increasing Inertia Weight for Structural Damage Identification
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-03-2022
DOI: 10.3390/APP12073429
Abstract: In this study, a particle swarm optimization with a sigmoid increasing inertia weight (SIPSO) algorithm is proposed for structural damage identification based on the optimization of structural vibration response constraints. In view of the existing problems for particle swarm optimization algorithms used for structural damage identification, such as low accuracy of damage identification and easy misjudgment of damage location, the sigmoid increasing inertia weight is introduced to improve the global and local search ability of the algorithm. Simulation results show that the parameters of the sigmoid increasing inertia weight have a significant effect on the performance of the SIPSO algorithm for structural damage identification. Compared with similar improved particle swarm optimization algorithms, the SIPSO algorithm has some advantages of fast convergence speed, high identification accuracy, and strong robustness ability in structural damage identification.
Ill-Posedness Determination of Moving Force Identification and Parameters Selection for Regularization Methods
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 21-04-2021
DOI: 10.1142/S0219455421501145
Abstract: Moving force identification (MFI) from dynamic responses of bridges is a typical inverse problem with ill-posedness. Under the efforts of researchers, some regularization methods have been presented to solve the ill-posed problem, but there still lacks an effective index to reveal the ill-posedness of the vehicle–bridge dynamic system such that it can be utilized as a guidance for the regularization parameter selection. In this paper, an ill-posedness indicator (IPI) defined as the ratio of the Fourier coefficient to the singular value is adopted to reveal the ill-posedness in the MFI problem. Simulation results show that the larger the IPI value is, the more obvious the ill-posedness of the vehicle–bridge system equation, namely, the intrinsic factor of ill-posedness in MFI is attributed to very large IPI value. The maximum IPI value increases with the increasing noise level, which leads directly to the ill-posedness of the vehicle–bridge system equation. In addition, a relative percentage error (RPE) is used to select the optimal regularization parameters, while evaluating the ill-posedness existing in the MFI. Using the proposed IPI value, the influence of ill-posedness on identified results is evaluated in this study, which can assist qualitatively and quantitatively in selecting optimal regularization parameters and proper regularization methods.
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