ORCID Profile
0000-0002-8557-0242
Current Organisation
Columbia University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Public Health and Health Services | Information Systems Development Methodologies | Epidemiology | Mortality | Health Information Systems (Incl. Surveillance) | Other Studies in Human Society | Demography not elsewhere classified | Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified | Studies In Human Society Not Elsewhere Classified
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Environmental health | Studies in human society | Health not elsewhere classified | Rural health | Behaviour and health |
Related Links
Publications
Onset and progression of chronic disease and disability in a large cohort of older Australian women
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.MATURITAS.2021.11.007
Abstract: To estimate the probability of onset and progression of disease and disability, length of life with or without disease and/or disability, and incidence of mortality, and to identify factors associated with transitioning to disease and/or disability over time. A prospective cohort study. Data were provided by 12,432 participants (born 1921-26) of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health linked with National Death Index data from 1996 (age: 70-75) to 2016 (age: 90-95). A five-state Markov model was fitted to estimate the transition probability, length of life with or without disease and/or disability, and the association between baseline characteristics and disease/disability/mortality risk. Over two-thirds of women had died by age 90-95, and only 3.8% of these had died with no chronic disease and disability. Those reporting chronic disease were more likely to have experienced disability (Transition Rate Ratio: 2•72, 95%CI= 2•52-2•93) than those who died without disability. At age 70-75, the expected life without chronic disease and disability was 7•68 (95%CI: 7•52-7•80) years, life with chronic disease but no disability was 4•39 (95%CI=4•23-4•49) years, and life with disability was 3.76 (95%CI=3•66-3•92) years. The factors difficulties managing on available income (HR=1•18, 95%CI=1•02-1•38), did not complete secondary school (HR=1•19, 95%CI=1•03-1•37), and overweight/obese (HR=1•36, 95%CI=1•20-1•55) were associated with an increased risk of disability. Our findings provide important insights on the onset and progression of disease and disability in older women, underscoring the importance of addressing mid-/early old-life risk factors, managing chronic conditions, and delaying disability onset and progression through targeted intervention programs.
The structure and predictive value of intrinsic capacity in a longitudinal study of ageing
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2018-026119
Abstract: To assess the validity of the WHO concept of intrinsic capacity in a longitudinal study of ageing to identify whether this overall measure disaggregated into biologically plausible and clinically useful subdomains and to assess whether total capacity predicted subsequent care dependence. Structural equation modelling of biomarkers and self-reported measures in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing including exploratory factor analysis, exploratory bi-factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Longitudinal mediation and moderation analysis of incident care dependence. Community, United Kingdom. 2560 eligible participants aged over 60 years. Activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). One general factor (intrinsic capacity) and five subfactors emerged: locomotor, cognitive psychological sensory and ‘vitality’. This structure is consistent with biological theory and the model had a good fit for the data (χ 2 =71.2 (df=39)). The summary score of intrinsic capacity and specific subfactors showed good construct validity. In a causal path model examining incident loss of ADL and IADL, intrinsic capacity had a direct relationship with the outcome—root mean square error of approximation ( RMSEA ) =0.02 ( 90% CI 0.001 to 0.05 ) and RMSEA=0.008 ( 90% CI0.001 to 0.03 ) respectively— and was a strong mediator for the effect of age, sex, wealth and education. Multimorbidity had an independent direct relationship with incident loss of ADLs but not IADLs, and also operated through intrinsic capacity. More of the indirect effect of personal characteristics on incident loss of ADLs and IADLs was mediated by intrinsic capacity than multimorbidity. The WHO construct of intrinsic capacity appears to provide valuable predictive information on an in idual’s subsequent functioning, even after accounting for the number of multimorbidities. The proposed general factor and subdomain structure may contribute to a transformative paradigm for future research and clinical practice.
Epidemiologic heterogeneity of common mood and anxiety disorders over the lifecourse in the general population: a systematic review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2009
Abstract: Clinical evidence has long suggested there may be heterogeneity in the patterns and predictors of common mood and anxiety disorders however, epidemiologic studies have generally treated these outcomes as homogenous entities. The objective of this study was to systematically review the epidemiologic evidence for potential patterns of heterogeneity of common mood and anxiety disorders over the lifecourse in the general population. We reviewed epidemiologic studies examining heterogeneity in either the nature of symptoms experienced ("symptom syndromes") or in patterns of symptoms over time ("symptom trajectories"). To be included, studies of syndromes were required to identify distinct symptom subtypes, and studies of trajectories were required to identify distinct longitudinal patterns of symptoms in at least three waves of follow-up. Studies based on clinical or patient populations were excluded. While research in this field is in its infancy, we found growing evidence that, not only can mood and anxiety disorders be differentiated by symptom syndromes and trajectories, but that the factors associated with these disorders may vary between these subtypes. Whether this reflects a causal pathway, where genetic or environmental factors influence the nature of the symptom or trajectory subtype experienced by an in idual, or whether in iduals with different subtypes differed in their susceptibility to different environmental factors, could not be determined. Few studies addressed issues of comorbidity or transitions in symptoms between common disorders. Understanding the ersity of these conditions may help us identify preventable factors that are only associated with some subtypes of these common disorders.
Social protection and preventing illness in developing countries: Establishing the health effects of pensions and health insurance
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2012
Predictors of mental disorders and their outcome in a community based cohort
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-06-2007
DOI: 10.1007/S00127-007-0182-3
Abstract: Only a limited number of population-based studies have been able to prospectively follow the mental health of their participants. We aimed to describe diagnostic changes in a population based cohort over a two year period, and to explore associations between a range of in idual factors and recovery from, or onset of, disorders. Two year, face-to-face follow-up of a community-based cohort drawn from random telephone screening using the CIDI as diagnostic instrument. Unlike most similar research we did not exclude in iduals with prior history from analysis. 1407 participants were administered face-to-face interviews and 968 were re-interviewed. In multivariate analysis, recent adverse life events, poor physical health, and high neuroticism score were significant predictors of developing a mental disorder in participants who were disorder free at baseline. Higher baseline levels of physical activity were protective of new disorders in univariate analysis. Most participants with a baseline disorder and not lost to follow-up were disorder-free two years later. For participants with a disorder at both interviews, there was marked lability in diagnoses, with only a small minority having an unchanged diagnosis at both baseline and follow-up. Factors predicting a poor outcome in participants with a disorder included the number of baseline diagnoses, high neuroticism score and adverse life events. These findings suggest that the diagnosis of common mental disorders is complex and that diagnoses are relatively unstable. The factors that influence the emergence of mental disorders in in iduals who may, or may not, have had a disorder in the past, are similar to those associated with the development of new disorders in subjects without a lifetime history.
Frailty and the prediction of dependence and mortality in low- and middle-income countries: a 10/66 population-based cohort study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-06-2015
Women’s health beyond reproduction: meeting the challenges
Publisher: WHO Press
Date: 07-2012
Neighborhood Characteristics and Disability in Older Adults
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 29-01-2009
Childhood asthma and return to school in Sydney, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.PUHE.2006.05.015
Abstract: To describe the seasonal pattern of hospital admissions for childhood asthma in Sydney, Australia and investigate the relationship between these admissions and time of return to school. Time-series analysis of daily hospital admissions for childhood asthma in Sydney from 1994 to 2000. We defined the time series of all asthma-related hospital admissions in Sydney between 1994 and 2000 for age groups 1-4 and 5-14 years. We analysed the time series for each age group using a generalized additive model with a log-link function, an offset term and quasi-likelihood estimation. Daily admissions were modelled using penalised regression splines adjusting for long term trends, school terms and holidays, weekday and influenza epidemics. After adjusting for potential confounding, the risk of asthma admission increased to a peak between 2 and 4 weeks after the first day of school in each term and varied between 1.5 and 3 times the risk prior to return to school for both age groups. The largest increase in asthma risk occurring in term one after the long summer holiday. The increase in admission risk began soon after the first day of school of each term for school age children 5-14 years, but not in pre-school age children 1-4 years. Returning to school after term holidays is strongly associated with increased risk of hospital admissions for asthma in children, especially following the long summer holiday. Preventive measures focused on return to school have the potential to substantially decrease admissions for asthma in children.
Informing evidence-based policies for ageing and health in Ghana
Publisher: WHO Press
Date: 27-10-2014
Social networks and mental health among a farming population
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-05-2008
DOI: 10.1007/S00127-008-0374-5
Abstract: The study investigated the associations between mental health and measures of community support, social support networks, sense of place, adversity, and perceived problems in a rural Australian population. There was a specific focus on farming communities due to previous qualitative research by the authors indicating distress by farmers in response to drought (Sartore et al. Aust Fam Phys 36(12), 990-993, 2007). A survey was mailed to adults randomly selected from the Australian Electoral Roll and residing within four local government areas (LGAs) of varying remoteness in rural New South Wales (NSW). Survey measures included: support networks and community attachment recent stressors (including drought-related stress) and measures of health and related functioning. The Kessler-10 provided an index of current psychological distress. The s le (n = 449 response rate 24%) was predominantly female (58.4%) and 18.9% were farmers or farm workers. Moderate to very high psychological distress was reported for 20.7% of the s le. Half (56.1%) of all respondents, and specifically 71.8% of farmers or farm workers, reported high levels of perceived stress due to drought. Psychological distress was associated with recent adverse life events, increased alcohol use and functional impairment. Hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated an independent effect of the number of stressful life events including drought related stress, perceived social support (community and in idual), alcohol use and physical functioning ability on levels of psychological distress. This model accounted for 43% of the variance in current levels of distress. Lower community support had a more marked impact on distress levels for non-farming than farming participants. This study has highlighted the association between unique rural community characteristics and rural stressors (such as drought) and measures of mental health, suggesting the important mediating role of social factors and community characteristics. The results illustrate the importance of addressing subgroup differences in the role of social capital in mental health.
Ragweed in Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2000
Effects of Bushfire Smoke on Daily Mortality and Hospital Admissions in Sydney, Australia
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2010
The World Report on Ageing and Health
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 18-03-2016
Influences on the degree of preterm birth in New South Wales
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Abstract: To identify risk factors for preterm birth and determine if these vary by degree of prematurity. We used data from the state-wide mandatory surveillance system for all births in New South Wales, limiting analysis to the 836,292 live born, singleton infants without known birth anomaly born from 1994 to 2004 inclusive. Our main outcome measure was gestational age stratified into the clinically relevant groups of: 'term' (37-42 completed weeks gestation) 'mildly preterm' (33-36 weeks) 'very preterm' (29-32 weeks) and 'extremely preterm' (23-28 weeks). Analysis was by multivariate modelling using a generalised estimating equations model and confidence intervals adjusted to account for the multiple comparisons. Increasing socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with increasing risk of having a preterm baby. This association strengthened with increasing degree of preterm birth, (adjusted Odds Ratio for mothers from the most disadvantaged areas having an 'extremely preterm' baby = 1.45 [99.67% CI 1.21-1.75] compared to least disadvantaged areas). Mothers who were older, who smoked, were Aboriginal, or had pre-existing diabetes, hypertension, or pre-ecl sia were independently more likely to have a preterm baby. First-time mothers were more likely to have their baby at term. While risk factors for preterm birth such as pre-existing medical conditions are treatable, reducing the substantial effects of socioeconomic factors on preterm birth presents the greatest potential for change. Our data shows that tackling wider social issues will be necessary to assist in reducing the rising preterm birth rate.
Valuing older people: time for a global campaign to combat ageism
Publisher: WHO Press
Date: 10-2201
Factor structure and interpretation of the K10.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 03-2006
DOI: 10.1037/1040-3590.18.1.62
Abstract: The Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale (K10) is a brief 10-item questionnaire designed to measure the level of distress and severity associated with psychological symptoms in population surveys. It is being used widely, including in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey, and as a clinical outcome measure, although little information is available about the structure of the measure. The factorial composition of the K10 was examined in a prospective community survey and cross-validated in a separate large community survey. The K10 was found to consist of 4 factors and a 2-factor second-order factor structure. This was stable across the 2 waves of the prospective study and the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. The 4 factors, labeled Nervous, Negative Affect, Fatigue, and Agitation, were consistent with the original scales from which the items were taken. The 2 second-order factors represent Depression and Anxiety.
Socioeconomic and maternal determinants of small-for-gestational age births: Patterns of increasing disparity
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2009
DOI: 10.1080/00016340902818170
Abstract: To better characterize the relation between socioeconomic disadvantage and small-for-gestational age births (SGA). Analysis of data from a mandatory population-based surveillance system. Public or private hospitals and at home. All 877,951 singleton births occurring in New South Wales, Australia, between 1994 and 2004. Multilevel models were developed to determine the factors associated with babies weighing less than the 3rd percentile for gestation and gender. Odds of SGA. The risk of SGA increased with increasing socioeconomic disadvantage. Smoking accounted for approximately 40% of the increased risk associated with socioeconomic disadvantage, and delayed antenatal care approximately 5%. While the absolute rate of SGA remained stable over the study period, the odds of SGA in mothers living in the most disadvantaged areas compared to those in the least disadvantaged areas increased from approximately 1.7 to 2.2. This trend persisted after accounting for maternal smoking. The risk of SGA over this period also increased in mothers commencing antenatal care after the first trimester. After accounting for smoking, socioeconomic disadvantage and clinical conditions, mothers under 21 years of age were at reduced risk of SGA, but mothers over 35 were at increased risk. Socioeconomic disadvantage remains one of the dominant determinants of SGA, even in a developed country with universal insurance. This relation appears to be strengthening. Smoking patterns, inadequate antenatal care and clinical conditions partially account for this association and trend, however, most is mediated by other factors.
Implementation of the WHO integrated care for older people (ICOPE) programme in clinical practice: a prospective study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Hypertension among older adults in low- and middle-income countries: prevalence, awareness and control
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-2014
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYT215
Health in an ageing world—what do we know?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
Sexual health in older women
Publisher: WHO Press
Date: 09-2013
Spatio-temporal variation in trihalomethanes in New South Wales
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2011.08.045
Abstract: This paper describes the spatio-temporal variation of trihalomethanes in drinking water in New South Wales, Australia from 1997 to 2007 We obtained data on trihalomethanes (THMs) from two metropolitan and 13 rural water utilities and conducted a descriptive analysis of the spatial and temporal trends in THMs and the influence of season and drought. Concetrations of monthly THMs in the two metropolitan water utilities of Sydney/Illawarra (mean 66.8 μg/L) and Hunter (mean 62.7 μg/L) were similar compared to the considerable variation between rural water utilities (range in mean THMs: 14.5-330.7 μg/L). Chloroform was the predominate THM in two-thirds of the rural water utilities. Higher concentrations of THMs were found in chlorinated water distribution systems compared to chloraminated systems, and in distribution systems sourced from surface water compared to ground water or mixed surface and ground water. Ground water sourced supplies had a greater proportion of brominated THMs than surface water sourced supplies. There was substantial variation in concentration of THMs between seasons and between periods of drought or no drought. There was a moderate correlation between heavy rainfall and elevated concentrations of THMs. There is considerable spatial and temporal variation in THMs amongst New South Wales water utilities and these variations are likely related to water source, treatment processes, catchments, drought and seasonal factors.
A global perspective on population ageing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2010
Health system strengthening and hypertension awareness, treatment and control: data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Publisher: WHO Press
Date: 10-09-2013
Identifying common impairments in frail and dependent older people: validation of the COPE assessment for non-specialised health workers in low resource primary health care settings
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-10-2015
1, 1, 1-Trichloro-2, 2-bis (p-Chlorophenyl)-Ethane (DDT) and Reduced Bone Mineral Density
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2000
DOI: 10.1080/00039890009603403
Abstract: The organochlorine pesticide 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT), is a well-known and widely dispersed "environmental estrogen" (World Health Organization Criteria no. 9 Geneva, Switzerland [1979]). Kelce et al. (Nature, 1995 375:581-85) recently identified the DDT metabolite, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), has also recently been identified as a potent androgen receptor antagonist. The authors examined the relationship between serum levels of DDE and bone mineral density in 68 sedentary women who reported adequate dietary intake of calcium. Reduced bone mineral density was correlated significantly with age (r = -.36, p = .004), as well as with increases in the log of DDE levels in serum (r = -.27, p = .03). The authors also used multiple-regression analysis to examine the influence of other predictor variables on the relationship between log DDE and bone mineral density. The strongest model (p = .002) included log DDE (p = .018), age (p = .002), and years on hormone replacement therapy (p = .10) as predictor variables, and this model afforded prediction of 21% of bone mineral density variation. These results suggest that past community exposures to DDT may be associated with reduced bone mineral density in women.
IAGG Workshop
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2011
Correlates of comorbid mental disorders in a regional community-based sample
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-09-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1440-1584.2009.01088.X
Abstract: The common coexistence of psychiatric disorders has been identified as a significant factor contributing to the disability associated with mental illness. Identifying indicators to the development of coexisting disorders has potential clinical implications. This study aimed to investigate the correlates and impact of coexisting disorders in a rural setting. Cross-sectional analyses of data from a cohort interviewed in two phases. A regional community s le in Northern New South Wales, Australia. A total of 1407 participants were interviewed and 968 were re-interviewed at follow up. Multinomial logistic regression modelling compared subjects with multiple psychiatric disorders with those with a single disorder for sociodemographic characteristics, measures of personal and social vulnerability, psychological distress, functional disabilities and help-seeking behaviours. Participants with coexisting disorders were more likely to be male, report a history of severe childhood assault and had higher levels of neuroticism, psychological distress and help-seeking behaviour. The findings suggest the role of early developmental factors on the complexity and severity of adult mental illness in a rural setting and the significant clinical consequences of comorbidity.
Perceived sports competence mediates the relationship between childhood motor skill proficiency and adolescent physical activity and fitness: a longitudinal assessment
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2008
Effectiveness of a 'Green Card' Intervention for Patients Engaging in Deliberate Self-harm
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2003
Diseases of the Rich? The Social Patterning of Hypertension in Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-10-2016
Generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and social phobia: Sources of dissonance between ICD-10 and DSM-IV
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1998
DOI: 10.1002/MPR.39
DDT and human health
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 15-02-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2005.02.022
Abstract: 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2'bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) was the first widely used synthetic pesticide and is extremely persistent in both the environment and the human body. The introduction of DDT revolutionised agricultural production and has been credited with the elimination of malaria from the United States and Europe. However, DDT is also known to have had major environmental consequences and has been associated with dramatic declines in many animal populations. Although DDT use has generally been restricted since the early 1970s, exposure to the pesticide remains widespread. In developed countries, slow elimination from the body means a large proportion of the population still have detectable levels of DDT, or its metabolite DDE, in their serum or adipose tissue. In developing countries, the pesticide continues to be used for vector control and a significant proportion of breast-fed babies has daily intakes above recommended levels. This review considers the epidemiological evidence for possible adverse effects of human exposure to DDT. Much of this research is weakened by methodological flaws. However, recent methods in breast cancer research using nested studies in cohorts with stored biological s les have allowed a more rigorous assessment of a putative role for DDT in disease aetiology. While DDT does not appear to play a causative role in breast cancer development, there is suggestive evidence for a role in the aetiology of other conditions such as pancreatic cancer, neuropsychological dysfunction, and reproductive outcomes. Research into these and other conditions would benefit from the same rigorous approaches used in breast cancer research. Until further high quality evidence is available, it is still too early, even 60 years after the introduction of this once ubiquitous chemical, to pass judgement on the role of DDT in a number of common diseases.
The World report on ageing and health: a policy framework for healthy ageing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
A gerophysiology perspective on healthy ageing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ARR.2021.101537
Abstract: Improvements in public health and health care have resulted in significant increases in lifespan globally, but also in a significant increase in chronic disease prevalence. This has led to a focus on healthy ageing bringing a shift from a pathology-centered to an intrinsic capacity and function-centered view. In parallel, the emerging field of geroscience has promoted the exploration of the biomolecular drivers of ageing towards a transverse vision by proposing an integrated set of molecular hallmarks. In this review, we propose to take a step further in this direction, highlighting a gerophysiological perspective that considers the notion of homeostasis/allostasis relating to robustness/fragility respectively. While robustness is associated with homeostasis achieved by an optimal structure/function relationship in all organs, successive repair processes occurring after daily injuries and infections result in accumulation of scar healing leading to progressive tissue degeneration, allostasis and frailty. Considering biological ageing as the accumulation of scarring at the level of the whole organism emphasizes three transverse and shared elements in the body - mesenchymal stroma cells/immunity/metabolism (SIM). This SIM tryptich drives tissue and organ fate to regulate the age-related evolution of body functions. It provides the basis of a gerophysiology perspective, possibly representing a better way to decipher healthy ageing, not only by defining a composite biomarker(s) but also by developing new preventive/curative strategies.
Longitudinal population-based studies of affective disorders: Where to from here?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-09-2008
Abstract: Longitudinal, population-based, research is important if we are to better characterize the lifetime patterns and determinants of affective disorders. While studies of this type are becoming increasingly prevalent, there has been little discussion about the limitations of the methods commonly used. Discussion paper including a brief review of key prospective population-based studies as the basis for a critical appraisal of current approaches. We identified a number of common methodological weaknesses that restrict the potential of longitudinal research to characterize the ersity, prognosis, and determinants of affective disorders over time. Most studies using comprehensive diagnostic instruments have either been of relatively brief duration, or have suffered from long periods between waves. Most etiologic research has focused on first onset diagnoses, although these may be relatively uncommon after early adulthood and the burden of mental disorders falls more heavily on in iduals with recurring disorders. Analysis has tended to be based on changes in diagnostic status rather than anges in symptom levels, limiting study power. Diagnoses have generally been treated as homogeneous entities and few studies have explored whether diagnostic subtypes such as atypical depression vary in their etiology or prognosis. Little research has considered whether there are distinct trajectories of symptoms over time and most has focused on in idual disorders such as depression, rather than considering the relationship over time between symptoms of different affective disorders. There has also been limited longitudinal research on factors in the physical or social environment that may influence the onset, recurrence or chronicity of symptoms. Many important, and in some respects quite basic, questions remain about the trajectory of depression and anxiety disorders over the life course and the factors that influence their incidence, recurrence and prognosis. Innovative approaches that consider symptoms of all affective disorders, and how these change over time, has the potential to greatly increase our understanding of the heterogeneity of these important conditions and of the in idual and environmental characteristics that influence their life course. Using longitudinal research to define sub classes of affective disorders may also be of great benefit for studies seeking to define the genetic determinants of susceptibility to these conditions.
Neighborhood Characteristics and Change in Depressive Symptoms Among Older Residents of New York City
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Date: 07-2009
Abstract: Objectives. We investigated the relationship between the depressive symptoms of older adults over time and the characteristics of the neighborhoods in which they live. Methods. We surveyed a random s le of 1325 New York City residents aged 50 years or older in 2005 and conducted 808 follow-up interviews in 2007. We assessed the compositional characteristics of the respondents' neighborhoods at a census-tract level and determined the relationships between these characteristics and changes in respondents' depressive symptoms. Results. In multivariable models that adjusted for in idual-level covariates including income, a range of neighborhood characteristics predicted worsening depressive symptoms. Factor analysis suggested that these characteristics operated in 3 clusters: neighborhood socioeconomic influences, residential stability, and racial/ethnic composition, with positive neighborhood socioeconomic influences being significantly protective against worsening symptoms. Life stressors, personality trait neuroticism, African American race, and daily baseline contact with social networks were also associated with worsening symptoms. Conclusions. An older adult's neighborhood of residence is an important determinant of his or her mental health. Those making efforts to improve mental health among the elderly need to consider the role of residential context in improving or impairing mental health.
Sampling and Recruitment in Multilevel Studies among Marginalized Urban Populations: The IMPACT Studies
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-01-2008
Pathways from neighborhood poverty to depression among older adults
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Use of Fresnel Prism Glasses to Treat Stroke Patients With Hemispatial Neglect
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.APMR.2006.08.322
Abstract: To explore the functional effects of prism adaptation training on patients with hemispatial neglect after stroke. Observational study. Inpatient rehabilitation unit in rural Australia. Four subjects with hemispatial neglect, recruited from consecutive admissions of patients less than 60 days poststroke. Prism adaptation treatment, consisting of five 10-minute training sessions over 12 to 17 days. The FIM instrument, Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS), subjective straight ahead pointing, Albert's line cancellation, letter cancellation, and line bisection. Ambulatory patients also performed the Timed Up & Go test. Immediate effects of prism adaptation training included improvements in both subjective straight ahead pointing and in the Albert's line cancellation task. Letter cancellation, line bisection, FIM, and CBS scores improved in all subjects. Improvements in a functional task were also observed immediately following prism adaptation treatment. Obstacle avoidance while walking improved after prism adaptation training in 2 ambulatory subjects. Prism adaptation training shows promise as a new treatment to supplement current strategies for the clinical management of hemispatial neglect after stroke. This study is limited by small s le size and absence of a control group. Further research will be needed to demonstrate efficacy for this inexpensive and relatively safe device.
Subjective wellbeing, health, and ageing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
Global approaches to geriatrics in medical education
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-0001
Redesigning care for older people to preserve physical and mental capacity: WHO guidelines on community-level interventions in integrated care
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 18-10-2019
International Perspectives on Age-Friendly Cities
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 19-09-2017
At the crossroads: transforming health systems to address women’s health across the life course
Publisher: WHO Press
Date: 09-2013
Older people's health in sub-Saharan Africa
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
Association of intrinsic capacity with respiratory disease mortality
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Patterns and Predictors of Trajectories of Depression after an Urban Disaster
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
The Impact of Education and Lifestyle Factors on Disability-Free Life Expectancy From Mid-Life to Older Age: A Multi-Cohort Study
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 12-08-2022
DOI: 10.3389/IJPH.2022.1605045
Abstract: Objectives: Low education and unhealthy lifestyle factors such as obesity, smoking, and no exercise are modifiable risk factors for disability and premature mortality. We aimed to estimate the in idual and joint impact of these factors on disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) and total life expectancy (TLE). Methods: Data ( n = 22,304) were from two birth cohorts (1921–26 and 1946–51) of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health and linked National Death Index between 1996 and 2016. Discrete-time multi-state Markov models were used to assess the impact on DFLE and TLE. Results: Compared to the most favourable combination of education and lifestyle factors, the least favourable combination (low education, obesity, current ast smoker, and no exercise) was associated with a loss of 5.0 years TLE, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 3.2–6.8 and 6.4 years DFLE (95%CI: 4.8–7.8) at age 70 in the 1921–26 cohort. Corresponding losses in the 1946–51 cohort almost doubled (TLE: 11.0 years and DFLE: 13.0 years). Conclusion: In idual or co-ocurrance of lifestyle risk factors were associated with a significant loss of DFLE, with a greater loss in low-educated women and those in the 1946–51 cohort.
The wisdom_of_crowds: An Efficient, Philosophically-Validated, Social Epistemological Network Profiling Toolkit
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2023
Substance use disorders in an Australian community survey
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2002
DOI: 10.1080/0959523021000002741
Abstract: A community survey of the common mental disorders in a geographically defined treatment service area was used to explore the socio-demographic correlates and service utilization of people with alcohol and drug use disorders living in the area. These data represent the most comprehensive data on substance use disorders in a defined geographic region in Australia. Alcohol and drug use disorders were most likely to be found in the young, with those aged 18-34 years being three times more likely to have an alcohol use disorder than those aged 55 years and over. A third (33%) of those people with an alcohol use disorder and 42% of those with a drug use disorder had consulted a health professional in the past 12 months for their substance use disorder.
Economic analysis of a community-based falls prevention program
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.PUHE.2006.04.011
Abstract: To undertake a cost-benefit analysis of 'Stay on Your Feet', a community-based falls prevention program targeting older people at all levels of risk in New South Wales, Australia. Hospital separations were monitored in the intervention region, a control region and for the state of New South Wales as a whole. Changing admission patterns over the intervention period were used to assess the impact of the program. Cost-benefit analysis compared the costs of the program with two estimates of savings from avoided hospital admissions. The first compared the cost of hospital admissions in the intervention region to a control region of similar demographics, while the second compared hospital utilization in the intervention region with the state of New South Wales as a whole using falls-related hospital diagnosis related group (DRG) codes. The total direct costs of the program were estimated at A dollars 781,829. Both methods identified clear overall net benefits ranging from A dollars 5.4 million for avoided hospitalizations alone to A dollars 16.9 million for all avoided direct and indirect costs. The confidence intervals around these estimates were small. The average overall benefit to cost ratio for the intervention as a whole was 20.6:1. These findings suggest that well-designed community-based interventions targeting falls prevention among older people are highly cost effective and a wise investment for all levels of government. The models used are conservative and are likely to underestimate the real benefit of the intervention, which may have lasted for some time beyond the life of the program.
Universal health coverage must include older people
Publisher: WHO Press
Date: 2018
Can we skill and activate children through primary school physical education lessons? “move it groove it”—a collaborative health promotion intervention
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2003
DOI: 10.1016/S0091-7435(02)00044-0
Abstract: Physical education (PE) lessons are an ideal setting to improve child fundamental movement skills (FMSs) and increase physical activity (PA) for optimal health. Despite this, few studies have assessed the potential to do both simultaneously. The "Move It Groove It" primary school intervention in New South Wales, Australia, had this opportunity. A whole school approach to implementation included establishment of school project teams, a teacher "buddy" system, project Web site, teacher training workshops, and small grants for equipment. The quasi-experimental evaluation involved 1,045 year 3 and 4 children (aged 7 to 10 years) in nine intervention and nine control rural primary schools (53% boys/47% girls). It utilised pre- and postobservational surveys of (1) mastery or near mastery levels for each of eight FMSs, (2) proportion of PE lesson time spent in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and vigorous PA (VPA), and (3) teacher- and lesson-related contextual covariates. Data were analysed by hierarchical logistic multiple regression. For FMSs, overall mastery or near mastery level at baseline was 47% ranging from 22.7% for the overarm throw among girls to 75.4% for the static balance among boys. The intervention delivered substantial improvements in every FMS for both genders ranging from 7.2% to 25.7% (13 of 16 comparisons were significant). For PA level, mean MVPA at baseline was 34.7%. Baseline MVPA for boys was 38.7% and for girls was 33.2%. The intervention was associated with a nonsignificant 4.5% increase in MVPA and a significant 3.0% increase in VPA. This translates to a gain of <1 minute of MVPA per average 21-minute lesson. This is the first study to show that by modifying existing PE lessons, significant improvements in FMS mastery can be gained without adversely affecting children's MVPA and VPA. To increase PA levels, we recommend increasing the number of PE lessons per week.
Report on WHO meeting on immunization in older adults: Geneva, Switzerland, 22–23 March 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Neighborhood Disorder and Physical Activity among Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-01-2017
Trajectory and Socioeconomic Predictors of Depression in a Prospective Study of Residents of New York City
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.ANNEPIDEM.2007.10.004
Abstract: Past research has demonstrated the high prevalence of depression in the general population. However, few longitudinal studies have characterized the patterns of depression in a large, representative s le of the general population. We monitored symptoms of depression and assessed the factors associated with changing symptoms of depression in a population-based cohort over a 30 month period. Using telephone surveys, we recruited 2752 adult residents of New York City in 2002. Persons were re-contacted after baseline for telephone interviews at 6 months, 18 months, and 30 months. Among study participants, symptoms of depression were common, often resolved within 6 months, but tended to recur. Participants with a past history of depressive symptoms were more at risk of later developing depression, even if they were asymptomatic at baseline. Factors significantly associated with subsequent symptoms included less social support at baseline, income below a threshold of $50,000, life stressors, poor health, and being separated. Lower levels of social support and lifetime stressors were only significantly associated with symptoms in participants with multiple episodes of depression. The influence of recent stressful events was also higher among participants with multiple episodes of depression. In the general population depression has a good immediate prognosis but a recurring nature. Poor physical health and low levels of social support appear to increase the risk of later episodes of depression. The influence of social risk factors may be greater for persons with higher susceptibility to depression.
Frailty: An Emerging Public Health Priority
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAMDA.2015.12.016
Abstract: The absolute and relative increases in the number of older persons are evident worldwide, from the most developed countries to the lowest-income regions. Multimorbidity and need for social support increase with age. Age-related conditions and, in particular, disabilities are a significant burden for the person, his or her family, and public health care systems. To guarantee the sustainability of public health systems and improve the quality of care provided, it is becoming urgent to act to prevent and delay the disabling cascade. Current evidence shows that too large a proportion of community-dwelling older people present risk factors for major health-related events and unmet clinical needs. In this scenario, the "frailty syndrome" is a condition of special interest. Frailty is a status of extreme vulnerability to endogenous and exogenous stressors exposing the in idual to a higher risk of negative health-related outcomes. Frailty may represent a transition phase between successful aging and disability, and a condition to target for restoring robustness in the in idual at risk. Given its syndromic nature, targeting frailty requires a comprehensive approach. The identification of frailty as a target for implementing preventive interventions against age-related conditions is pivotal. Every effort should be made by health care authorities to maximize efforts in this field, balancing priorities, needs, and resources. Raising awareness about frailty and age-related conditions in the population is important for effective prevention, and should lead to the promotion of lifelong healthy behaviors and lifestyle.
Six year follow-up of students who participated in a school-based physical activity intervention: a longitudinal cohort study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2009
New Approaches to Multilevel Analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-01-2009
Does Childhood Motor Skill Proficiency Predict Adolescent Fitness?
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 12-2008
A life-course approach to health: synergy with sustainable development goals
Publisher: WHO Press
Date: 23-11-2017
Patterns of Physical Activity Among Older Adults in New York City
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors on rural health
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-01-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1440-1584.2008.01030.X
Abstract: To provide a framework for investigating the influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors on rural health. Discussion paper. Socioeconomic and cultural factors have long been thought to influence an in idual's health. We suggest a framework for characterising these factors that comprises in idual-level (e.g. in idual socioeconomic status, sex, race) and neighbourhood-level dimensions (population composition, social environment, physical environment) operating both independently and through interaction. Recent spatial research suggests that in rural communities, socioeconomic disadvantage and indigenous status are two of the greatest underlying influences on health status. However, rural communities also face additional challenges associated with access to, and utilisation of, health care. The ex le is given of procedural angiography for in iduals with an acute coronary event. Socioeconomic and cultural factors specific to rural Australia are key influences on the health of residents. These range from in idual-level factors, such as rural stoicism, poverty and substance use norms, to neighbourhood-level social characteristics, such as lack of services, migration out of rural areas of younger community members weakening traditionally high levels of social cohesion, and to environmental factors, such as climate change and access to services.
International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics: A Global Agenda for Clinical Research and Quality of Care in Nursing Homes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAMDA.2010.12.013
Abstract: A workshop charged with identifying the main clinical concerns and quality of care issues within nursing homes was convened by the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, with input from the World Health Organization. The workshop met in Toulouse, France, during June 2010. Drawing on the latest evidence and mindful of the international development agenda and specific regional challenges, consensus was sought on priority actions and future research. The impetus for this work was the known variation in the quality of nursing home care experiences of older people around the world. The resulting Task Force recommendations include instigation of sustainable strategies designed to enhance confidence among older people and their relatives that the care provided within nursing homes is safe, mindful of their preferences, clinically appropriate, and delivered with respect and compassion by appropriately prepared expert doctors, registered nurses, administrators, and other staff. The proposals extend across 4 domains (Reputational Enhancement and Leadership, Clinical Essentials and Care Quality Indicators, Practitioner Education, and Research) that, in concert, will enhance the reputation and status of nursing home careers among practitioners, promote effective evidence-informed quality improvements, and develop practice leadership and research capabilities.
Landscape of Research on Older Adults’ Health in the Arab Region: Is It Demography-Driven or Development-Dependent?
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-08-2016
Abstract: To describe the quantity, methods, themes, and collaboration profiles of research on older adults' health in the Arab world, and map research productivity against demographic, economic, and development indicators. A scoping review of research on older adults' health drawing from 7 databases and covering the period 1994-2013. Aging research output has increased 6-fold over the study period, with middle-income countries showing the sharpest rise. The majority of the reviewed publications are descriptive in nature, oriented toward examining the extent of disease or factors associated with various morbidity and mortality outcomes (88.5%). Despite the increasing regional instability, there is a dearth of studies on "seniors in emergencies." Collaboration with international coauthors (16.0%) has been more frequent than with regional coauthors (4.2%). Correlation analysis suggests that research production has been more strongly influenced by literacy rates than by population aging indicators, Gross Domestic Product, or government investment in research and development. This study lays the basis for a "roadmap" for research on older adults' health in the Arab region. It calls for cooperation among various stakeholders to produce a targeted and well-informed research agenda that is more responsive to emerging and context-specific needs of older adults in the region.
Developmental aspects of a life course approach to healthy ageing
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-02-2016
DOI: 10.1113/JP270579
Innovation for healthy ageing: a call for papers
Publisher: WHO Press
Date: 06-2016
Age and the Environment: The Global Movement Towards Age-Friendly Cities and Communities
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2015
WHO working definition of vitality capacity for healthy longevity monitoring
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Evidence for the Domains Supporting the Construct of Intrinsic Capacity
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-02-2018
Abstract: Healthy ageing can be defined as "the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables wellbeing in older age". Functional ability (i.e., the health-related attributes that enable people to be and to do what they have reason to value) is determined by intrinsic capacity (i.e., the composite of all the physical and mental capacities of an in idual), the environment (i.e., all the factors in the extrinsic world that form the context of an in idual's life), and the interactions between the two. This innovative model recently proposed by the World Health Organization has the potential to substantially modify the way in which clinical practice is currently conducted, shifting from disease-centered toward function-centered paradigms. By overcoming the multiple limitations affecting the construct of disease, this novel framework may allow the worldwide dissemination of a more proactive and function-based approach toward achieving optimal health status. In order to facilitate the translation of the current theoretical model into practice, it is important to identify the inner nature of its constituting constructs. In this article, we consider intrinsic capacity. Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework as background and taking into account available evidence, five domains (i.e., locomotion, vitality, cognition, psychological, sensory) are identified as pivotal for capturing the in idual's intrinsic capacity (and therefore also reserves) and, through this, pave the way for its objective measurement.
IAGG Workshop: Health promotion program on prevention of late onset dementia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S12603-011-0142-1
Abstract: IAGG, WHO, and SFGG organized a international workshop on Health promotion programs on prevention of late on-set dementia. Thirty world specialists coming from Europe, North America, Asia, South America, Africa and Australia, shared their experience on methods and results of large epidemiological interventions to reduce incidents of dementia or delay its on-set. Chaired by Laura FRATIGLIONI, an expert in Epidemiological studies on dementia issues, the workshop gave opportunity for discussions and controversies about the state-of-the-art. Based on different national and international trials (ADAPT, MAPT, FINGER, GUDIAGE, GEM etc) the questions remained opened for different aspects of methodology, the choice of domain or multi domain intervention, the choice and the definition of the target populations, the best age of candidates, the issues related to the discrepancy between late effects, and interventions' duration. We are please to publish in the Journal, the presentations presented to this workshop. These publications will complete previously task force published in the journal in the last two years on methodological issues for Alzheimer's trials including end point, biomarkers, and the experience of past therapeutic trials.
Sustaining evidence-based practice for young people who self-harm: a 4-year follow-up
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/AH042720094
Abstract: Stewart Einfeld is at the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales the late Margaret Tobin was the Director of Mental Health, South Australia John Beard is Head of the Northern Rivers University Department of Rural Health, University of Sydney Elizabeth Evans is a Research Assistant at the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Richard Buss is the Area Manager, Northern Rivers Area Mental Health Service Michael Dudley is a child psychiatrist at Prince of Wales Hospital and the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales.This report is dedicated to our late co-author Margaret Tobin, to honour her contribution to advancing the quality of mental health services.Objective: In 1998 and 1999, two NSW Area Health Services conducted the Youth At Risk of Deliberate Self Harm (YARDS) project. The YARDS project was designed to implement evidence-based service enhancements for the clinical management of young people with Deliberate Self Harm. This paper examines the extent to which service enhancements implemented during YARDS were maintained 4 years after the conclusion of the project and compares service quality with another NSW Area Health Service that did not participate in the YARDS project.Method: Staff from mental health services and emergency departments completed the Service Activity Scale, a measure developed for the YARDS project to assess the quality of health service response to in iduals who present following a suicide attempt.Results: Results indicated that the service improvements made during the YARDS project were maintained 4years after the project ended. Furthermore, a significant difference was found between scores for services that participated in YARDS and services that did not participate in YARDS.Conclusions: These results suggest that projects such as YARDS which support evidence based service nhancements may be useful in improving the management of young people with deliberate self-harm, and that these improvements may be long-lasting.
Healthy ageing: moving forward
Publisher: WHO Press
Date: 11-2017
Urban Neighborhood Poverty and the Incidence of Depression in a Population-Based Cohort Study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2007
Factors Associated with Treatment Compliance in Young People Following an Emergency Department Presentation for Deliberate Self-Harm
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2004
DOI: 10.1080/13811110490270994
Abstract: This study investigated factors associated with patient non-compliance with follow-up treatment after a presentation to an Emergency Department (ED) for deliberate self-harm (DSH). 56 patients under 24 years and 20 parents participated in this study. Subjects were interviewed by telephone after they had attended or missed a follow-up appointment following a presentation to an ED for DSH. Convenience of the appointment time and the patients' beliefs about whether counseling would help them were found to differentiate attending and non-attending patients. The attitudes of parents also had a major influence on decisions to attend or not attend an appointment. These results support the use of a therapeutic intervention in the ED, targeting both patients and their parents' attitudes toward counseling.
Neighborhood-Level Correlates of Consistent Condom Use among Men Who have Sex with Men: A Multi-Level Analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-08-2008
Contextual Correlates of Physical Activity among Older Adults: A Neighborhood Environment-Wide Association Study (NE-WAS)
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0827
Abstract: Background: Few older adults achieve recommended physical activity levels. We conducted a “neighborhood environment-wide association study (NE-WAS)” of neighborhood influences on physical activity among older adults, analogous, in a genetic context, to a genome-wide association study. Methods: Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and sociodemographic data were collected via telephone survey of 3,497 residents of New York City aged 65 to 75 years. Using Geographic Information Systems, we created 337 variables describing each participant's residential neighborhood's built, social, and economic context. We used survey-weighted regression models adjusting for in idual-level covariates to test for associations between each neighborhood variable and (i) total PASE score, (ii) gardening activity, (iii) walking, and (iv) housework (as a negative control). We also applied two “Big Data” analytic techniques, LASSO regression, and Random Forests, to algorithmically select neighborhood variables predictive of these four physical activity measures. Results: Of all 337 measures, proportion of residents living in extreme poverty was most strongly associated with total physical activity [−0.85 (95% confidence interval, −1.14 to −0.56) PASE units per 1% increase in proportion of residents living with household incomes less than half the federal poverty line]. Only neighborhood socioeconomic status and disorder measures were associated with total activity and gardening, whereas a broader range of measures was associated with walking. As expected, no neighborhood meaZsures were associated with housework after accounting for multiple comparisons. Conclusions: This systematic approach revealed patterns in the domains of neighborhood measures associated with physical activity. Impact: The NE-WAS approach appears to be a promising exploratory technique. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 26(4) 495–504. ©2017 AACR. See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Geospatial Approaches to Cancer Control and Population Sciences.”
Evaluating the effect of neighbourhood weight matrices on smoothing properties of Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) models
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2007
Longitudinal Patterns of Physical Activity Among Older Adults: A Latent Transition Analysis
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-05-2018
DOI: 10.1093/AJE/KWY027
Exposure to Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water and Small-for-gestational-age Births
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2012
Towards a comprehensive public health response to population ageing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
New Approaches to Multilevel Analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-03-2023
Small area estimation of sparse disease counts using shared component models-application to birth defect registry data in New South Wales, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2010.02.006
Abstract: In the field of disease mapping, little has been done to address the issue of analysing sparse health datasets. We hypothesised that by modelling two outcomes simultaneously, one would be able to better estimate the outcome with a sparse count. We tested this hypothesis utilising Bayesian models, studying both birth defects and caesarean sections using data from two large, linked birth registries in New South Wales from 1990 to 2004. We compared four spatial models across seven birth defects: spina bifida, ventricular septal defect, OS atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, cleft lip and or palate, trisomy 21 and hypospadias. For three of the birth defects, the shared component model with a zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) extension performed better than other simpler models, having a lower deviance information criteria (DIC). With spina bifida, the ratio of relative risk associated with the shared component was 2.82 (95% CI: 1.46-5.67). We found that shared component models are potentially beneficial, but only if there is a reasonably strong spatial correlation in effect for the study and referent outcomes.
Childhood Motor Skill Proficiency as a Predictor of Adolescent Physical Activity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
Organizing integrated health-care services to meet older people’s needs
Publisher: WHO Press
Date: 26-05-2017
Longitudinal associations between lifestyle, socio-economic position and physical functioning in women at different life stages
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-08-2018
The Sustainable Development Agenda Needs to Include Long-term Care
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAMDA.2018.04.009
Abstract: The rapid ageing of populations around the world and the associated shift in the burden of disease from infectious to chronic conditions are creating complex challenges for national governments. Addressing the needs of these older populations in a sustainable and equitable way, will be a fundamental pillar of socioeconomic development in the 21
Intrinsic Capacity: Validation of a New WHO Concept for Healthy Aging in a Longitudinal Chinese Study.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-08-2022
Abstract: The World Health Organization has proposed a model of healthy aging built around the concept of functional ability, comprising an in idual's intrinsic capacity, the physical and social environment they occupy, and interactions between the two. However, these constructs have been poorly defined. We examined the structure of intrinsic capacity in a representative s le of the Chinese population aged 60 years and older and assessed its value in predicting declining performance in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and activities of daily living (ADLs) using similar methods to a construct validation previously undertaken in an English cohort. Deidentified data were accessed on 7 643 participants of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011 and 2013 waves. Incrementally related structural equation modeling was applied, including exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and path analysis. Multiple linear regression tested construct validity, and simple and serial mediation models assessed predictive validity. Factor loadings for the models showed a clear structure for intrinsic capacity: 1 general factor with 5 subfactors-locomotor, cognitive, psychological and sensory capacities, and vitality (reflecting underlying physiologic changes). Intrinsic capacity predicted declining performance in both IADLs (standardized coefficient (SE) -0.324 (0.02), p < .001) and ADLs (-0.227 (0.03), p < .001), after accounting for age, sex, education, wealth, and number of chronic diseases. Each characteristic was associated with intrinsic capacity, providing strong construct validity. Assessment of intrinsic capacity provides valuable information on an in idual's subsequent functioning beyond that afforded by age, other personal factors, and multimorbidity.
Beyond METs: types of physical activity and depression among older adults
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2016
A Knowledge Translation framework on ageing and health
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPOL.2016.12.009
Abstract: The world's population aged 60 and over will more than triple from 600 million to 2 billion between the years 2000 to 2050. This demographic change has significant impact on health, social, and economic sectors. The need to ensure that research into older peoples' health is effectively translated to policy is immediate. The purpose of this paper is to present a proposed framework to support evidence informed policymaking in ageing and health. We undertook a two stage process to develop the framework. We (a) conducted a review of the literature, and (b) convened an expert panel to provide feedback. Numerous frameworks have been proposed yet the majority do not address all the barriers. The Lavis et al., framework addresses a majority of the obstacles associated with evidence-informed policymaking and this framework was modified to include sub-elements important to ageing and health and to reflect the order of importance of the elements. The main elements are: a climate and/or context for research use, linkage and exchange efforts, creation of new knowledge, push efforts, facilitating pull efforts, pull efforts, and evaluation. A four-step implementation process is proposed. This paper offers an approach to Knowledge Translation within the field of ageing and health. The framework and proposed implementation could be used to conceptualize and implement evidence-informed policymaking.
Ageing and healthy sexuality among women living with HIV
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2016
Association of intrinsic capacity with incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease: Prospective study in UK Biobank
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-07-2023
DOI: 10.1002/JCSM.13283
Abstract: The World Health Organization proposed the concept of intrinsic capacity (IC the composite of all the physical and mental capacities of the in idual) as central for healthy ageing. However, little research has investigated the interaction and joint associations of IC with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and CVD mortality in middle‐ and older‐aged adults. Using data from 443 130 UK Biobank participants, we analysed seven biomarkers capturing the level of functioning of five domains of IC to calculate a total IC score (ranging from 0 [better IC] to +4 points [poor IC]). Associations between IC score and incidence of six long‐term CVD conditions (hypertension, stroke/transient ischaemic attack stroke, peripheral vascular disease, atrial fibrillation/flutter, coronary artery disease and heart failure), and grouped mortality from these conditions were estimated using Cox proportional models, with a 1‐year landmark analysis to triangulate the findings. Over 10.6 years of follow‐up, CVD morbidity grouped ( n = 384 380 participants for the final analytic s le) was associated with IC scores (0 to +4): mean hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval, CI] 1.11 [1.08–1.14], 1.20 [1.16–1.24], 1.29 [1.23–1.36] and 1.56 [1.45–1.59] in men (C‐index = 0.68), and 1.17 [1.13–1.20], 1.30 [1.26–1.36], 1.52 [1.45–1.59] and 1.78 [1.67–1.89] in women (C‐index = 0.70). In regard to mortality, our results indicated that the higher IC score (+4 points) was associated with a significant increase in subsequent CVD mortality (mean HR [95% CI]: 2.10 [1.81–2.43] in men [C‐index = 0.75] and 2.29 [1.85–2.84] in women [C‐index = 0.78]). Results of all sensitivity analyses by full s le, sex and age categories were largely consistent independent of major confounding factors ( P 0.001). IC deficit score is a powerful predictor of functional trajectories and vulnerabilities of the in idual in relation to CVD incidence and premature death. Monitoring an in idual's IC score may provide an early‐warning system to initiate preventive efforts.
Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Acute Coronary Events
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2008
Public Health 4.0: Creating Health for Longer Lives
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-2023
DOI: 10.1093/PPAR/PRAD016
Social Determinants of Self-Reported Health in Women and Men: Understanding the Role of Gender in Population Health
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 13-04-2012
Global mortality trends and patterns in older women
Publisher: WHO Press
Date: 09-2013
Program sustainability of a community-based intervention to prevent falls among older Australians
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-2004
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