ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9906-5300
Current Organisation
Northumbria University
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In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Counselling, Welfare and Community Services | Social Program Evaluation | Social Policy | Social Work
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Development and Welfare | Families and Family Services | Children's/Youth Services and Childcare |
Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Date: 2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-12-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-06-2015
DOI: 10.1071/HE14052
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-10-2015
Abstract: Online technologies are widely used in tertiary institutions for both learning and assessment. There is a paucity of research into the use of e-Portfolios for assessment in the field of occupational therapy and other allied health disciplines. This study aimed to determine if a new assessment platform, using a flexible online learning platform, PebblePad(™) , is appropriate and feasible for use with allied health university staff and students in their first and second year of study. A mixed methods approach was employed in two phases, before the development of a new assessment (Phase 1) and after completion of the new assessment (Phase 2), aimed to generate a comprehensive analysis of the appropriateness and feasibility of the new assessment platform. Inductive thematic analysis was used to investigate participants' focus group responses in both phases. To assess learning outcomes survey responses were analysed using t-tests, and descriptive ratings of the assessment and current use of online platforms were extracted. Triangulated results indicate that the assessment did not meet all five domains of appropriateness. Negative experiences and a lack of social and ecological validity were attributed to the PebblePad(™) . The PebblePad(™) was not feasible, requiring extensive support in implementation. While PebblePad(™) did not meet all domains of appropriateness and was not feasible, students reported learning gains after completing the assessment, suggesting that content may be more important than the assessment platform. More rigorous research is needed to determine the best online platform for assessment in the allied health disciplines.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-09-2014
DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2014.948639
Abstract: This pilot study examined the effectiveness of a parent-delivered intervention for improving: the social play skills of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their typically developing playmates and the empathy of children with ADHD. Participants were children with ADHD and their typically developing playmates (n = 9/group). The intervention was primarily parent-implemented and involved: parent-training, weekly home-modules, three clinic play-sessions, therapist-parent phone consultations and a one-month follow-up. The Test of Playfulness (ToP) was the primary outcome measure. Cohen's-d and paired s le t-test calculations were used to measure effect. Social play outcomes of children with ADHD improved significantly from: pre- to post-test (t = 3.2 p = 0.02 d = 1.0) and post-test to follow-up intervention (t = 2.7 p = 0.02 d = 1.1). Playmate's improved significantly from pre- to post-intervention (t = 3.9 p = 0.03 d = 1.2). Children with ADHD improved significantly on 4/7 ToP empathy items (t = 2.31-3.16 p = 0.02). The intervention successfully improved the social play skills of children with ADHD and their playmates.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-01-2022
DOI: 10.3390/JCM11030724
Abstract: The visuoperceptual measure for videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VMV) is a new measure for analysing the recordings from videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS). This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the pilot version of the VMV using classical test theory (CTT) analysis, informed by the consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN) guidelines. Forty participants, diagnosed with oropharyngeal dysphagia by fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, were recruited. The VFSS and administration of bolus textures and volumes were conducted according to a standardised protocol. Recordings of the VFSS were rated by three blinded raters: a speech-language pathologist, a radiologist and a phoniatrician. Inter- and intra-rater reliability was assessed with a weighted kappa and resulted in 0.889 and 0.944 overall, respectively. Structural validity was determined using exploratory factor analyses, which found four and five factor solutions. Internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, which found all but one factor scoring within an acceptable range ( .70 and .95). Hypothesis testing for construct validity found the expected correlations between the severity of dysphagia and the VMV’s performance, and found no impact of gender on measure performance. These results suggest that the VMV has potential as a reliable and valid measure for VFSS. Further validation with a larger s le is required, and validation using an item response theory paradigm approach is recommended.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-09-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00455-017-9844-9
Abstract: The negative impact of increased bolus modification on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in persons with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) has been described in previous literature however, findings may have been influenced by the severity of OD and underlying etiology. The current systematic review therefore aims to investigate the relationships between HRQoL and OD and to report on changes in HRQoL and OD following intervention. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. A systematic search of the literature was performed using PubMed and Embase. All available English publications up to February 2016 that reported on OD and HRQoL were included. Articles that studied OD arising from esophageal dysfunction or included less than 15 participants with OD, were excluded. Thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. Inverse bidirectional relationships were found between decreased HRQoL and increased OD severity. Following intervention, changes were evident through improved HRQoL with decreased OD severity. The findings of this paper highlight the importance of targeting HRQoL in patients with OD. However, because of the heterogeneity in methodology, terminology, and assessment procedures used in the retrieved articles, the generalization of study results is limited. More research investigating the relationships between HRQoL and OD is needed. Future studies should implement study designs that lead to stronger levels of evidence, quantify the severity of OD and underlying diseases, use validated measures and less ambiguous terminology.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-01-2022
DOI: 10.3390/JCM11030685
Abstract: Objective: To determine the effects of behavioural interventions in people with oropharyngeal dysphagia. Methods: Systematic literature searches were conducted to retrieve randomized controlled trials in four different databases (CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed). The methodological quality of eligible articles was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2), after which meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Results: A total of 37 studies were included. Overall, a significant, large pre-post interventions effect size was found. To compare different types of interventions, all behavioural interventions and conventional dysphagia treatment comparison groups were categorised into compensatory, rehabilitative, and combined compensatory and rehabilitative interventions. Overall, significant treatment effects were identified favouring behavioural interventions. In particular, large effect sizes were found when comparing rehabilitative interventions with no dysphagia treatment, and combined interventions with compensatory conventional dysphagia treatment. When comparing selected interventions versus conventional dysphagia treatment, significant, large effect sizes were found in favour of Shaker exercise, chin tuck against resistance exercise, and expiratory muscle strength training. Conclusions: Behavioural interventions show promising effects in people with oropharyngeal dysphagia. However, due to high heterogeneity between studies, generalisations of meta-analyses need to be interpreted with care.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-07-2022
Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
Date: 08-01-2020
DOI: 10.1044/2019_LSHSS-18-0090
Abstract: Working with students with emotional behavioral disorders is a challenging area of speech-language pathology practice. In this study, we compare and profile the narrative discourse, structural language, and social communication characteristics of adolescents attending behavioral support and mainstream schools. We also examine relationships between narratives, structural language, social communication, and behavior. Fifty-four students aged between 12 and 16 years participated. Twenty-seven students were from 3 Australian government Schools for Specific Purposes for students with behavioral difficulties, and 27 typically developing students were from a mainstream, government school. Students were matched for age and closely matched for sex and socioeconomic status. All students completed 3 communication assessments: oral narrative, structural language, and social communication skills. Teachers were asked to complete 2 behavioral questionnaires. Students in behavioral schools had significant difficulties generating narratives. Their structural language and overall social communication skills were also significantly poorer than their mainstream peers. One third of the behavioral group experienced significant difficulties across all 3 of these communication areas. Externalizing behavior was significantly related to narrative, structural language, and social communication only when the data were pooled across both groups. Language and social communication difficulties were evident in adolescents who attend alternative school settings—behavioral schools. These findings confirm the need for speech-language pathologists to be engaged in specialist behavioral schools and provide impetus to service providers, speech-language pathologists, and educators to address relationships between behavior and communication ability.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-02-2010
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2017
Abstract: We investigated child outcomes and mothers' perspectives following technology-based intervention sessions aimed at improving children's social play skills. Participants in this multiple case study included five children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, their mothers and five typically developing playmates, who had completed a parent-delivered play-based intervention 18 months previously. The initial intervention included the use of a technology-based interactive DVD at home and clinic-based sessions involving video-modelling. In this study, children received two additional technology-based clinic sessions involving video-modelling. Children's social play skills were measured pre- to post-intervention using the Test of Playfulness. Trends in scores were descriptively analysed by case. Mothers' perspectives were explored through semi-structured interviews data were descriptively analysed by group and case. Two children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder showed an increase in their social play skills, and three a decrease in skills. Of the playmates, three showed consistent social play skills, one an increase and one a decrease. Qualitative findings suggest parents felt better able to support their child. Parents also suggested next steps for the intervention were necessary as their child continued to develop. Additional intervention support using technology after initial intervention may need to be adapted to different developmental stages and for use across different contexts.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-07-2021
Abstract: To identify, appraise, and synthesise the evidence for video‐modelling interventions for in iduals with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We searched four electronic databases. Two independent researchers screened abstracts and methodologically assessed data using the Kmet appraisal checklist. A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria (11 original studies and four follow‐up studies). Of the 11 original studies, one was a randomised controlled trial, one was a controlled between‐group comparative design, two were one group pre‐test post‐test studies, one was an experimental 2 × 2 factorial design, and six were single‐case experimental design studies. Studies included 1–35 participants with ADHD aged 5–16 years. Three studies targeted behaviour, three targeted social play skills, two targeted social behaviour, one targeted social skills, one targeted goal orientation and friendship quality, targeted and one attention/comprehension of social behaviour. In four studies video‐modelling was the whole intervention, with no other intervention components reported. Nine studies reported positive outcomes immediately after intervention, two studies reported mixed findings. All studies were found to have good or strong methodological quality. There is preliminary evidence to suggest video‐modelling may be a promising intervention approach for targeting the social skills and behaviours of in iduals with ADHD when used in conjunction with other intervention components. Future studies need to lower the risk of bias and use larger s le sizes before the efficacy of video‐modelling interventions can be fully investigated.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Publisher: Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney
Date: 2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-07-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-017-3240-Z
Abstract: This study aimed to examine the influence of differences in household status on the parental stress, coping, time use and quality of life (QoL) among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Forty-three single and 164 coupled mothers completed the survey. Data were analysed using multivariate logistic regression. We found that single mothers were 1.05 times more likely to report lower levels of environmental QoL. Whilst they were 1.73 times more likely to use acceptance coping style, this association did not persist after adjusting for total number of children, household income and employment status. There was no difference in time use and stress between these mothers. Possible environmental issues for single mothers and implications for future research are discussed.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-03-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JAR.12338
Abstract: This study reports on the feasibility of an intergenerational mentoring programme for youth with intellectual disability (ID) aimed at developing skills and building networks. Youth with ID were paired with older male mentors who were trained to support the mentees participate in activities and social interactions during weekly sessions. We interviewed the mentees and mentors, and assessed them on a range of outcomes using standardized measures. Interviews highlighted that the programme presented a great "opportunity" for the mentees and mentors. The participants described facilitators and challenges to the acquisition of practical skills by mentees and the development of relationships between mentors and mentees, including communication, transportation and mentor training. The youth with ID had difficulty completing the self-report measures. Mentoring programmes are viable to support youth with ID during the transition to adulthood however, refinement is required in the rollout out of a pilot intervention.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.RIDD.2014.03.050
Abstract: There is a need for a reliable and valid assessment of childhood pragmatic language skills during peer-peer interactions. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of a newly developed pragmatic assessment, the Pragmatic Observational Measure (POM). The psychometric properties of the POM were investigated from observational data of two studies - study 1 involved 342 children aged 5-11 years (108 children with ADHD 108 typically developing playmates 126 children in the control group), and study 2 involved 9 children with ADHD who attended a 7-week play-based intervention. The psychometric properties of the POM were determined based on the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) taxonomy of psychometric properties and definitions for health-related outcomes the Pragmatic Protocol was used as the reference tool against which the POM was evaluated. The POM demonstrated sound psychometric properties in all the reliability, validity and interpretability criteria against which it was assessed. The findings showed that the POM is a reliable and valid measure of pragmatic language skills of children with ADHD between the age of 5 and 11 years and has clinical utility in identifying children with pragmatic language difficulty.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-03-2018
Abstract: Designing psychosocial interventions that parents perceive as appropriate is essential to enhancing their engagement with the intervention and their long-term use of the intervention strategies. The aim of this study was to explore the long-term appropriateness of a play-based psychosocial intervention for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) from the perspectives of parents. Semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with 14 parents of children with ADHD who participated in a randomised controlled trial of the play-based intervention 1 year earlier. Thematic analysis led to the development of three core-themes: (i) Everybody needs a parenting handbook, (ii) No one thing you are dealing with, and (iii) A different approach: Reframing. The core-themes related back to a definition of intervention appropriateness that acknowledges the intervention as important/relevant, beneficial, socially and ecologically valid and promotes sustainable change, indicating parents perceived the intervention as appropriate. The core-themes also resembled aspects of the process of family adaptation. Findings highlight the importance of designing interventions that are appropriate from parents' perspectives to enhance their long-term engagement and use of the intervention strategies as well as outcomes for their child in the long term.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 20-04-2017
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 28-02-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-09-2020
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 07-07-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-11-2020
Abstract: Conceptualisation of occupation requires understanding of subjective wellbeing and experiences of occupation. Opportunities for participation in productivity activities, such as employment, may be limited for people with intellectual disability (ID). An occupational wellbeing framework was recently re-imagined to focus on the subjective meaning of a person's occupational life rather than occupational performance. This study analysed experiences and possible benefits to occupational wellbeing of young adult men with ID in an intergenerational mentoring program based on Australian Men's Sheds using this revised occupational wellbeing framework. A qualitative approach was used to gather in idual semi-structured interviews at the end of an intergenerational mentoring program to explore occupational wellbeing experiences. Eight in idual mentees and five parents of mentees (n = 13) from the different Men's Sheds sites agreed to participate in an in idual interview about their experiences of the program. All mentees were male aged between 17 and 24 years. Family members included four female mothers and one male father. Data were highlighted, selected and deductively coded using content analysis according to the five occupational wellbeing domains of the framework. Mentees reflected upon their experience with their mentor, the program, activities and environment of the Men's Shed. Findings were organised in relation to each of the five domains of occupational wellbeing, including contentment, competence, belonging, identity and autonomy. Experiences of mentees and their family members reflected the positive impact of participation on each domain and occupational wellbeing, including opportunities for socialisation outside of the program, mastery of skills and knowledge and validation of belief in self. Mentees involved in an intergenerational mentoring program in Australian Men's Sheds report benefits of participation in activities that foster and increase occupational wellbeing experiences. The experience of such domains should be considered when attempting to understand the quality of life and function for people with disabilities.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-11-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00455-016-9754-2
Abstract: Early and reliable screening for oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) symptoms in at-risk populations is important and a crucial first stage in effective OD management. The Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) is a commonly utilized screening and outcome measure. To date, studies using classic test theory methodologies report good psychometric properties, but the EAT-10 has not been evaluated using item response theory (e.g., Rasch analysis). The aim of this multisite study was to evaluate the internal consistency and structural validity and conduct a preliminary investigation of the cross-cultural validity of the EAT-10 floor and ceiling effects were also checked. Participants involved 636 patients deemed at risk of OD, from outpatient clinics in Spain, Turkey, Sweden, and Italy. The EAT-10 and videofluoroscopic and/or fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing were used to confirm OD diagnosis. Patients with esophageal dysphagia were excluded to ensure a homogenous s le. Rasch analysis was used to investigate person and item fit statistics, response scale, dimensionality of the scale, differential item functioning (DIF), and floor and ceiling effect. The results indicate that the EAT-10 has significant weaknesses in structural validity and internal consistency. There are both item redundancy and lack of easy and difficult items. The thresholds of the rating scale categories were disordered and gender, confirmed OD, and language, and comorbid diagnosis showed DIF on a number of items. DIF analysis of language showed preliminary evidence of problems with cross-cultural validation, and the measure showed a clear floor effect. The authors recommend redevelopment of the EAT-10 using Rasch analysis.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 13-05-2021
DOI: 10.1177/13623613211004329
Abstract: Caregivers of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder commonly experience stigma. However, how stigma influences social interactions of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder is unclear. We aimed to explore the impact of caregiver stigma on real-life social experiences of Taiwanese adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. In the context of everyday activities, 76 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder who were not intellectually disabled (69 males, aged 10–16 years) carried a mobile device that prompted them 7 times, randomly, each day for 7 days to record with whom they were interacting, what they perceived, and how they felt about the interactions. Caregivers completed the Affiliate Stigma Scale to measure caregiver stigma. Multilevel analyses revealed that participants whose caregivers perceived high levels of stigma were more likely than those whose caregivers experienced less stigma to interact with family members and less likely to be interested in interacting with people at school. However, those participants also experienced more anxiety while interacting with family members. The findings shed light on ways that caregiver stigma impacted the social experiences of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and suggest that, in promoting social participation for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, researchers and service providers must support caregivers to manage stigma. Caregivers of people with autism spectrum disorder commonly experience stigma. As a result, they may avoid contact with others, in turn, influencing their child’s social participation. This study aimed to explore the impact of stigma perceived by the caregivers on the everyday social experience of Taiwanese adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. We asked 76 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder who did not have intellectual disability (69 males, aged 10–16 years) to carry a mobile device for 7 days. The device prompted them 7 times each day to record who they were interacting with, what they perceived, and how they felt about their social interactions. In addition, we asked their caregivers to complete the Affiliate Stigma Scale to measure their experience of stigma. We found that participants whose caregivers perceived high levels of stigma were more likely to spend time with family members and less likely to be interested in interacting with people at school. Those participants also were more likely to experience anxiety while interacting with family. Our study suggests that it is important for clinicians to implement support services for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and help caregivers in managing stigma to promote their child’s social participation.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-01-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-07-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-020-09138-X
Abstract: Developing robust evidence is a challenge for researchers working with disadvantaged or vulnerable populations. For ex le, research shows that young people who have transitioned from out-of-home care (OOHC) to independent adulthood often experience poor long-term outcomes. However, evidence for the aetiology of those outcomes is weak due to methodological limitations such as small s le sizes and a lack of longitudinal data. This paper details the protocol for Navigating Through Life, a study that utilises novel research methods to better understand the pathways and outcomes of young people as they leave OOHC in Western Australia (WA) . Navigating Through Life is a longitudinal, mixed methods, population-based study. A prospective longitudinal study of young people aged 15–25 years will follow participants’ experiences and outcomes over a two-year period. Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected from participants five times over 2 years, using standardised outcome measures and in idual interviews. Outcome measures focus on key dimensions of young people’s lives (e.g., social inclusion, well-being, resilience, self-determination). Interviews examine important influences and the variable contexts into which young people have transitioned from care. In addition, retrospective population-level data for young people transitioning from OOHC will be obtained from linked Western Australian government administrative records. Using a multitude of data sources, analysis will map pathways and outcomes of young people with care experience, and comparisons will be made with other population groups within WA. Navigating Through Life exemplifies a novel utilisation of multiple data sources to research outcomes for vulnerable and difficult to reach populations, and offers insights for other complex mixed-methods longitudinal studies. Results will provide new and more comprehensive data about specific pathways that may be influential to a range of post-care outcomes. Findings will extend evidence to inform better service-delivery models that improve outcomes and reduce disparities for vulnerable young people.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
Date: 14-09-2021
DOI: 10.1044/2021_JSLHR-20-00656
Abstract: Language intervention for children with language disorder may be effective however, lack of detailed and consistent terminology for describing language interventions poses barriers for advancement within the field. This study aimed to develop consensus from speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in Australia on a taxonomy with terminology for describing language interventions for school-aged children and investigate SLPs' application of taxonomy terminology when describing child language interventions. A taxonomy with terms for describing interventions was developed with reference to contemporary literature and presented to clinicians and researchers with expertise in child language disorders in a three-round Delphi study. We asked Delphi participants to indicate agreement with the taxonomy or propose changes. Application of the taxonomy was investigated by asking participants to use taxonomy terminology to describe interventions presented in two case studies. The taxonomy consists of five aspects across which interventions may be described: modality/domain, purpose, delivery, form, and teaching techniques. Consensus on the taxonomy was established in both Round 1 (55 participants) and Round 2 (43 participants), with 100% of SLPs strongly agreeing or agreeing with the overall structure of the taxonomy and at least 87.3% of SLPs strongly agreeing or agreeing with each aspect. In Round 3 (32 participants), consensus was reached on 45/54 taxonomy categories (4/12 of the components) for Case Study 1 and 45/54 taxonomy categories (7/12 of the components) for Case Study 2. Consensus on a taxonomy with terminology for describing language interventions represents a significant advancement in the field of child language intervention. Future actions may be needed to facilitate consistent application of taxonomy terms. 0.23641/asha.16435290
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-12-2020
Abstract: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties with play, social interaction with peers and generalisation of intervention outcomes. The Ultimate Guide to Play, Language and Friendship (PLF) has demonstrated effectiveness in improving play performance of children with ASD and their typically developing (TD) peers. The aim of this investigation was to examine the changes in play performance when an additional TD child is added to an existing dyad of a child with ASD and a TD playmate to inform future delivery and adaptations of the intervention. Participants in this multiple case study design were five children with ASD and their TD peer who completed a dyad intervention as part of a randomised control trial investigation of the PLF and an additional TD peer who joined the play dyad. A trained occupational therapist delivered an adapted version of the PLF to the triad over four clinic sessions. An independent rater scored each child (N = 15) on The Test of Playfulness at pre- and post-triad intervention. Line graphs were used to examine case data and compare to dyad play performance and patterns of interaction. Four of the five children with ASD generalised their play performance from the dyad to the triad social environment. However, the triad intervention did not demonstrate improvements in play performance. The play performance scores for the children with ASD and their TD peers were variable and demonstrated changes in their play pattern from the dyad to the triad. This investigation delivered preliminary evidence of play performance generalisation from a dyad to a triad with TD peers for children with ASD. Careful consideration of characteristics of all playmates is recommended for delivering the intervention to support play performance of children with ASD.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-06-2022
DOI: 10.3390/JCM11123403
Abstract: Our systematic review and meta-analysis of pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is the first paper (Part I) [...]
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 30-04-2013
Abstract: Communication and play skills are important aspects of development yet are largely uncharted in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This exploratory study examined whether changes in pragmatic skills and problem-solving skills were observed in children with ADHD pre- and post-participation in a play-based intervention conducted by occupational therapists and speech-language pathologists. The study also investigated whether the presence of language difficulties affected the children’s play outcomes. Fourteen children with ADHD (5 –10 years) participated in a 7-week, pilot intervention to address play and social skill deficits. Pre- and post-intervention testing included: (a) the assessment of play and problem-solving skills via standardized testing, and (b) pragmatic skills via parent report. The children’s language skills were also screened and compared with their play scores. Play skills significantly improved post-intervention. No significant differences were observed for pragmatic skills while prediction skills, an aspect of problem-solving, significantly improved pre- and post-play-based intervention. Fifty percent of children failed the language screener, yet separate paired t-tests identified significant play improvements irrespective of the presence or absence of language difficulty. Two independent t-tests revealed significant differences in play scores between these groups at pre- but not post-intervention. While play and predicting skills significantly improved post-play-based intervention, other aspects of problem-solving and pragmatics did not. Reasons for the lack of change in these areas are discussed. The presence of language difficulties did not appear to affect the play outcomes of children with ADHD following a play-based intervention. A larger scale experimental trial investigating the play and language skills of children with ADHD is warranted, as is future collaborative research between occupational therapists and speech-language pathologists in the assessment and management of children with ADHD.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 22-06-2021
DOI: 10.1177/10883576211023312
Abstract: Gaining a driver’s license can be difficult for student drivers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet little is known about their experiences of learning to drive. In this qualitative study, focus groups and in idual interviews were employed to ascertain the perceptions of three participant groups, including people with ASD, parents of people with ASD, and driving instructors with experience teaching people with ASD to drive. Participants in each group were asked to discuss their feelings, concerns, and barriers encountered while learning to drive, along with the driving behaviors, challenges, and strategies used when supporting people with ASD to learn to drive. Grounded theory analysis was used to shed light on the experience of learning to drive for people with ASD. Five themes emerged supporting the core construct that targeted support ameliorates intrinsic driving complexities, generating success: (a) challenges that increase the complexity of learning to drive, (b) external challenges to overcome, (c) concerns about the reality of driving, (d) the need for a specialized model of training, and (e) success is possible. These findings highlight the importance of developing an autism-specific driving training intervention designed for people with ASD, their families, and driving instructors.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1155/2018/7693479
Abstract: Objective . To assess the effectiveness of peer inclusion in interventions to improve the social functioning of children with ADHD. Methods . We searched four electronic databases for randomized controlled trials and controlled quasi-experimental studies that investigated peer inclusion interventions alone or combined with pharmacological treatment. Data were collected from the included studies and methodologically assessed. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. Results . Seventeen studies met eligibility criteria. Studies investigated interventions consisting of peer involvement and peer proximity no study included peer mediation. Most included studies had an unclear or high risk of bias regarding inadequate reporting of randomization, blinding, and control for confounders. Meta-analyses indicated improvements in pre-post measures of social functioning for participants in peer-inclusive treatment groups. Peer inclusion was advantageous compared to treatment as usual. The benefits of peer inclusion over other therapies or medication only could not be determined. Using parents as raters for outcome measurement significantly mediated the intervention effect. Conclusions . The evidence to support or contest the efficacy of peer inclusion interventions for children with ADHD is lacking. Future studies need to reduce risks of bias, use appropriate s le sizes, and provide detailed results to investigate the efficacy of peer inclusion interventions for children with ADHD.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.250
Abstract: Intergenerational mentoring is emerging as a way to provide meaningful engagement and improve wellbeing for older adults in retirement. However, there is little, if any, Australian research concerning the benefits for older mentors involved in such mentoring. This study aims to investigate the experiences of older male mentors involved in an intergenerational mentoring program with young men with intellectual disability and identify any benefits to physical and mental health and generativity. This study used a mixed methods concurrent triangulation design. Quantitative outcomes data were collected pre and postintervention using the SF-36 and Loyola Generativity Scale. Qualitative data were collected using a single-interview approach. Mentors and mentees took part in a 6-month mentoring program based in Australian Men's Sheds. No significant changes were seen in physical health and generativity. Investigation of mental health scores revealed a significant improvement in scores on the mental health subscale. Qualitative analysis revealed the main theme as "Learning together through a relational and practical routine" and four sub-themes. Men's Shed intergenerational mentoring programs present an environment for older, retired men to express generativity, improve their mental health and bond with younger generations.So what? The potential wellbeing implications for older men through intergenerational mentoring should form the basis of future research and intervention.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-07-2020
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 25-10-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0276444
Abstract: To examine the effectiveness of a play-based intervention for improving social play skills of typically-developing playmates of children with ADHD. Children (5–11 years) were randomised to an intervention ( n = 15) or waitlisted control group ( n = 14). The Test of Playfulness was scored by a blinded rater. Between-group statistics compared the change of the intervention (10-week intervention) and waitlisted control (10-week wait) groups. Change in the intervention group following intervention was significantly greater than the change in the waitlisted control group. When combining data from the groups, playmates’ ( n = 29) mean ToP scores improved significantly following intervention, with a large effect pre- to post-intervention and pre-intervention to follow-up. Typically-developing playmates of children with ADHD benefited from participation in a peer-mediated intervention.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-10-2016
DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2016.1236844
Abstract: To explore whether family routines, service usage, and stress levels in families of children with autism spectrum disorder differ as a function of regionality. Secondary analysis of data was undertaken from 535 surveys. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate differences between families living in densely populated (DP) areas and less densely populated (LDP) areas. Families living in LDP areas were found to: (1) have reduced employment hours (a two-parent household: Exp (B) = 3.48, p < .001, a single-parent household: Exp (B) = 3.32, p = .011) (2) travel greater distance to access medical facilities (Exp (B) = 1.27, p = .006) and (3) report less severe stress levels (Exp (B) = 0.22, p = .014). There were no differences in family routines however, flexible employment opportunities and travel distance to medical services need to be considered in families living in LDP areas.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-06-2015
Abstract: Men's Sheds are community spaces where, usually, older men can socialise as they participate in a range of woodwork and other activities. There is currently little research evidence supporting the anecdotally reported mental health and wellbeing benefits of Men's Sheds. This research project investigated how older men with self-reported symptoms of depression experience their participation in Men's Sheds. This study included in-depth interviews and administration of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with 12 men from 3 Men's Sheds, triangulated with observation of the different shed environments. Interviews explored how participation in the Men's Shed, living in a regional area, and retirement intersected with experiences of depression. Participants had either self-reported symptoms of depression or a diagnosis of depression. The findings from this study support the notion that participation at Men's Sheds decreases self-reported symptoms of depression. Beck Depression Inventory-II scores showed that most participants were currently experiencing minimal depression. The Men's Sheds environment promoted a sense of purpose through relationships and in the sharing of skills, new routines, motivation, and enjoyment for its members. The shed encouraged increased physical activity and use of cognitive skills. Finally, participants reported feelings of pride and achievement which had an impact on their sense of self-worth. Men's Sheds provide an opportunity to promote health and wellbeing among retired men. The shed's activity and social focus offers a way to help men rediscover purpose and self. Further research is required to measure symptoms of depression before and after participation in Men's Sheds.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2015
Abstract: Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience significant ongoing social difficulties which occur in multiple contexts. Interventions designed to improve these social difficulties have demonstrated minimal effectiveness. Thus, there is a clear need to establish interventions that are effective in addressing the social difficulties of children with ADHD across contexts and in the long term. To examine the long-term effectiveness and appropriateness of a pilot parent-delivered intervention designed to improve the social play skills of children with ADHD and their playmates. Participants included five children with ADHD who had completed the intervention 18-months prior, their typically developing playmates and mothers of children with ADHD. Blinded ratings from the Test of Playfulness were used to measure children's social play: post-intervention and 18-months following the intervention in the home and clinic. Wilcoxon signed-ranks and Cohen's-d calculations were used to measure effectiveness. Parents' perspectives of the appropriateness of the intervention were explored through semi-structured interviews and data were analysed thematically. The social play skills of children with ADHD and their playmates were maintained following the intervention in the home and clinic. Thematic analysis revealed four core-themes against an intervention appropriateness framework: new parenting tools, a social shift, adapting strategies over time and the next developmental challenge. The parent-delivered intervention demonstrated long-term effectiveness and appropriateness for improving children's social play skills. These preliminary results are promising as maintaining treatment effects and achieving generalisation across contexts has remained an unachieved goal for most psycho-social interventions.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-04-2016
Abstract: Occupational therapists play a key role in addressing the social difficulties of children with ASD. However, interventions are often time intensive, without outcomes generalising beyond the clinic setting. To examine the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of an intervention to address the social play skills of children with ASD. Participants in this multiple case study design were five children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), five typically developing playmates and five parents of children with ASD. Two therapists and parents delivered the intervention involving clinic play sessions and home modules. Parents' treatment adherence was recorded. The Test of Playfulness was scored by a blinded rater to examine child outcomes following the intervention. Line graphs were used to examine case data. Percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) was used to calculate the single-case effect size for each child. Parents completed 92.2% of the intervention. Children's case data showed an upwards trend from pre- to post-intervention in four of the five pairs (child with ASD and playmate). However, there was a decrease in scores from post-intervention to the two-month home follow-up for all but one pair. PND indicated the intervention was effective for two children with ASD and three of their playmates, had a questionable effect on three children with ASD and no observable effect on two playmates. The intervention demonstrated preliminary feasibility and effectiveness for improving the social play skills of some children with ASD. Careful consideration is needed to identify which children with ASD and which playmates would be best suited for this intervention approach.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-11-2019
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.217
Abstract: The activities and well-being outcomes from participating at Men's Sheds are the focus of a growing body of research. Although many Men's Sheds have a clear health or social philosophy, this does not always translate into health and social activities. This cross-sectional survey explored the health promotion and social inclusion activities of Men's Sheds and features of Sheds that predict greater levels of these activities. All Australian Men's Sheds were invited to participate. Based on survey responses, Sheds were classified as "active" or "not active" in health promotion and social inclusion, which formed the main survey outcomes. Profiles of the responding Sheds were summarised and compared against the main survey outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analyses explored the profile variables associated with "active" Sheds. Responses from 300 Sheds indicated 37% and 70% of Sheds were "active" in health promotion and social inclusivity respectively. Number of members, members with mental illness or of Indigenous descent, providing meals and targeting war veterans were associated with health promotion. Having five or more members with a disability, members with English as a second language, targeting of war veterans were associated with social inclusiveness. Men's Sheds may serve as a unique community resource to reduce barriers of access to preventative health care, education and social connectedness, especially for marginalised members and those living in rural communities. SO WHAT?: A proportion of Men's Sheds reflects the health and well-being exemplars mentioned in the National Male Health Policy that can help to counter the social determinants of poor health, particularly for marginalised males.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-05-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JAR.12753
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-02-2022
DOI: 10.3390/JCM11040993
Abstract: Objective. To assess the effects of brain neurostimulation (i.e., repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation [rTMS] and transcranial direct current stimulation [tDCS]) in people with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD). Methods. Systematic literature searches were conducted in four electronic databases (CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed) to retrieve randomised controlled trials (RCTs) only. Using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2), the methodological quality of included studies was evaluated, after which meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. Results. In total, 24 studies reporting on brain neurostimulation were included: 11 studies on rTMS, 9 studies on tDCS, and 4 studies on combined neurostimulation interventions. Overall, within-group meta-analysis and between-group analysis for rTMS identified significant large and small effects in favour of stimulation, respectively. For tDCS, overall within-group analysis and between-group analysis identified significant large and moderate effects in favour of stimulation, respectively. Conclusion. Both rTMS and tDCS show promising effects in people with oropharyngeal dysphagia. However, comparisons between studies were challenging due to high heterogeneity in stimulation protocols and experimental parameters, potential moderators, and inconsistent methodological reporting. Generalisations of meta-analyses need to be interpreted with care. Future research should include large RCTs using standard protocols and reporting guidelines as achieved by international consensus.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 15-06-2023
DOI: 10.1177/10778012231181044
Abstract: Ongoing health issues influence the postseparation lives of survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). This study identified associations between health following IPV and demographic, housing, employment, and social participation factors. Survivors of IPV in Australia were surveyed. Logistic regression assessed factors of interest with physical and mental health conditions. Six hundred and fifty-eight women participated. Physical health issues were associated with reduced skills and confidence in employment. A mental health diagnosis was associated with women not working as desired and lower incomes. Screening for health impacts and longer-term responses to women could reduce the long shadow of IPV impacts.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2021
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 24-03-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0249088
Abstract: Over the past decade there has been a marked growth in the use of linked population administrative data for child protection research. This is the first systematic review of studies to report on research design and statistical methods used where population-based administrative data is integrated with longitudinal data in child protection settings. The systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The electronic databases Medline (Ovid), PsycINFO, Embase, ERIC, and CINAHL were systematically searched in November 2019 to identify all the relevant studies. The protocol for this review was registered and published with Open Science Framework (Registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/96PX8 ) The review identified 30 studies reporting on child maltreatment, mental health, drug and alcohol abuse and education. The quality of almost all studies was strong, however the studies rated poorly on the reporting of data linkage methods. The statistical analysis methods described failed to take into account mediating factors which may have an indirect effect on the outcomes of interest and there was lack of utilisation of multi-level analysis. We recommend reporting of data linkage processes through following recommended and standardised data linkage processes, which can be achieved through greater co-ordination among data providers and researchers.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.RIDD.2019.103550
Abstract: An international focus on the inclusion of students with disabilities in mainstream schools and the increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has contributed to increasing numbers of students with ASD enrolling in mainstream schools. The school participation restrictions of adolescent students with ASD is widely researched, but less is known about the challenges faced by primary school students with ASD and how early in their schooling these challenges arise. Focus groups were used to explore the perspectives of parents and educators on the school participation of primary school students with ASD. Focus group data were analysed thematically. Four themes were derived from the data: (1) more than just being there (2) meeting in the middle (3) consistency of supports and (4) embrace difference. Findings from this study highlight that students aged between 6 and 11 years experience school participation restrictions due to a range of intrinsic (e.g., sense of self and school belonging) and extrinsic factors (e.g., school culture, educator knowledge and skills). It is imperative school based interventions are developed and implemented in the early primary years, that not only target students' skills, but the range of environmental enablers and barriers impacting student school participation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2015.04.003
Abstract: Maintaining the musculoskeletal health of children using mobile information and communication technologies (ICT) at home presents a challenge. The physical environment influences postures during ICT use and can contribute to musculoskeletal complaints. Few studies have assessed postures of children using ICT in home environments. The present study investigated the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) scores determined by 16 novice and 16 experienced raters. Each rater viewed 11 videotaped scenarios of a child using two types of mobile ICT at home. The Grand Scores and Action Levels determined by study participants were compared to those of an ergonomist experienced in postural assessment. All postures assessed were rated with an Action Level of 2 or above representing a postural risk that required further investigation and/or intervention. The sensitivity of RULA to assess some of the unconventional postures adopted by children in the home is questioned.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.DHJO.2014.04.004
Abstract: Understanding experiences from the perspective of adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), in the myriad of circumstances in which they find themselves every day, is crucial for developing client-centered interventions. However, capturing these experiences can be difficult. To investigate the feasibility and usability of experience s ling method (ESM), an ecological momentary assessment, for studying in iduals with ASD. Four participants (2 males) with Asperger's syndrome or high functioning autism aged 16-32 years carried an iPod touch or iPhone with a pre-installed ESM survey exploring the situation and their perceived internal experiences. Participants were asked to respond to the survey 7 times daily, at random times generated by the device, for 7 days. A high signal response rate (mean = 71%) and a short average time required for survey completion (mean = 1 min 42 s) supported feasibility of the ESM for use in research with in iduals with ASD. Participants reported that the questions were straightforward and that survey completion interfered very little with everyday activities, supporting acceptability of the method. Results of a split-week analysis revealed consistency of experiences correlations among experiences that are linked logically provided evidence of the internal logic of data gathered using the ESM. Through graphic analysis, we illustrated the usability of ESM for capturing the influence of everyday contexts on internal experiences erceptions. The ESM holds promise for examining the impact of social context on the everyday experiences of in iduals with ASD.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 19-12-2018
DOI: 10.1155/2018/3652529
Abstract: Background/aim . In South Africa, contextual factors have been identified as barriers to outdoor, unstructured play. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and resulting progressive HIV encephalopathy (PHE) is a pandemic in this area, associated with development delays that are not addressed by highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). This study aimed to describe the playfulness in children with HIV and PHE on HAART living in challenging socioeconomic areas in South Africa aged 6 months to 8 years and to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a play-informed, caregiver-implemented, home-based intervention (PICIHBI) for improving play. Methods . A feasibility randomized control trial allowed for comparison of PICIHBI and conventional one-on-one occupational therapy interventions. Children were filmed playing pre-, mid-, and postintervention, using the Test of Playfulness (ToP) to assess playfulness. The PICIHBI comprised of 10 monthly sessions facilitated by an occupational therapist, involving group discussions with caregivers and periods of experiential play. Results . Twenty-four children with HIV and/or PHE were randomized into one of the two intervention groups. Overall, the group ( n = 24 ) had a median score of 0 (lowest item score) on nine of 24 ToP items and only had a median score of 3 (highest score) on two items. Pre- to postintervention overall ToP scores improved marginally for the PICIHBI group ( n = 12 ) and the conventional group ( n = 12 ). Between-group differences were not significant. The PICIHBI group demonstrated a significant increase in one ToP item score at midassessment. No significant ToP item changes were found in the conventional group. Conclusion . Children with HIV were found to have the most difficulty on ToP items relating to the play elements of internal control and freedom from constraints of reality. The PICIHBI did not significantly improve children’s play and was not more effective than the conventional intervention. Considerations for feasibility and effectiveness, including barriers to attendance, are discussed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-09-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-017-3275-1
Abstract: Dyadic coping strategies may play a pivotal role in relationship satisfaction and explain why some couples adapt positively to the challenges associated with raising a child with ASD and others do not. Survey data from 127 caregivers of a child with ASD were used in generalized estimating equation analyses to investigate the factors associated with relationship satisfaction, including socio-demographics, parenting stress and dyadic coping. Results showed that over two-thirds of the s le reported satisfaction, which was associated with low parenting stress, increased use of positive and decreased use of negative dyadic coping strategies. Positive dyadic coping was found to have a greater influence than negative dyadic coping, supporting a strengths-based approach to interventions promoting family resilience.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-10-2016
Abstract: Understanding children's perception of their experiences is imperative for developing client-centred interventions for paediatric populations. However, perceptions of young children in the myriad circumstances that they live in have not yet been properly investigated. Subsequently, this study tested the feasibility and appropriateness of experience s ling method (ESM), an ecological momentary assessment, on typically developing children aged between five and seven years. Ten children (five boys and five girls) carried an Android An acceptable signal response rate (47.6 ± 18.9%) and short average time required for survey completion (83 ± 49 seconds) supported the feasibility of the ESM for use in research with children aged between five and seven years. Children reported the questions were straightforward and survey completion interfered very little with everyday activities, supporting appropriateness of the method. Through graphic analysis we illustrated the usability of ESM for capturing the influence of everyday contexts on perceived internal experiences. The ESM holds promise for examining the impact of environmental context on everyday experiences of young typically developing children.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-12-2013
DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2013.855274
Abstract: This study investigated the feasibility of using experience s ling method (ESM) to study everyday experiences in children with autism spectrum disorders. Six boys, aged 8-12 years, with high-functioning autism or Asperger syndrome carried an iPod touch with a pre-installed ESM survey about what they were doing, where, with whom and the quality of their experiences and associated emotions. They were randomly signalled seven times daily for seven consecutive days to respond to the survey. The average signal response rates (56.8%) was acceptable and the mean time of survey completion (1 minute 53 seconds) was within acceptable range. Split-week analysis supported the consistency of experiences reporting while correlations among theoretically linked quality of experiences and emotions showed the internal logic of participants' responses thus supporting internal reliability and validity, respectively. The study demonstrated the feasibility and usefulness of using ESM in exploring participants' everyday life experiences.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-05-2014
Abstract: Males experience greater mortality and morbidity than females in most Western countries. The Australian and Irish National Male Health Policies aim to develop a framework to address this gendered health disparity. Men's Sheds have a distinct community development philosophy and are thus identified in both policies as an ideal location to address social isolation and positively impact the health and wellbeing of males who attend. The aim of this international cross-sectional survey was to gather information about Men's Sheds, the people who attend Men's Sheds, the activities at Men's Sheds, and the social and health dimensions of Men's Sheds. Results demonstrate that Men's Sheds are contributing a dual health and social role for a range of male subgroups. In particular, Men's Sheds have an outward social focus, supporting the social and mental health needs of men health promotion and health literacy are key features of Men's Sheds. Men's Sheds have an important role to play in addressing the gendered health disparity that males face. They serve as an exemplar to health promotion professionals of a community development context where the aims of male health policy can be actualized as one part of a wider suite of global initiatives to reduce the gendered health disparity.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-05-2016
Abstract: Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often present with pragmatic language deficits and difficulties with peer-peer friendships. Parents and typically developing peers (TDPs) may be able to assist via parent and peer-mediated intervention approaches when adequately supported by trained adult facilitators. This study investigated whether a parent-delivered play-based intervention supported by occupational therapists and speech language pathologists was feasible and improved the pragmatic language skills of children with ADHD and their TDPs. Nine children with ADHD paired with nine TDPs (mean age = 8.2 years) participated. The seven-week intervention was delivered by parents of children with ADHD at their home and consisted of weekly assigned home-based modules, supported play-dates between the pairs of children and supplemented by three clinic visits. Parent adherence to intervention activity was monitored on a weekly basis. Blinded ratings of observed peer-peer play interactions were used to detect changes in pragmatic language from pre-post intervention and one month follow-up using the Pragmatic Observation Measure (POM). All parents reported completing the seven weekly home-based modules and attended all clinic visits. Significant improvements in observed pragmatic language skills were found from pre-follow-up for both the ADHD and TDP children and pre-post for the ADHD children. The preliminary findings suggest that using parents to facilitate their child's pragmatic language skills was a feasible intervention approach with parents acting as agents of change to improve the pragmatic language of their children. This exploratory study identifies the need for further large-scale research to address the pragmatic language skills of children with ADHD using parent-delivery in a play-based, peer-peer context.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-03-2018
Abstract: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently demonstrate impaired play skills and poor quality social interactions compared to typically developing peers. Complex interventions to improve play skills should be investigated with randomised control trials (RCT) where possible to support evidence-based practice for occupational therapists. Prior to a RCT, multiple feasibility studies are recommended to identify barriers to the trial. The aim of this study is to adapt a complex intervention to improve play skills in children with ASD and investigate the feasibility of conducting a RCT. Participants were 10 children with ASD paired with typically developing playmates chosen by their families. Pairs attended 10 intervention sessions involving video modelling, therapist- and peer-mediation and free play. Participant numbers needed for future investigation of effectiveness were calculated and time and cost considerations were reviewed. The Test of Playfulness (ToP) was the primary outcome measure both parent- and child-report outcome measures were evaluated for appropriateness. To determine effectiveness of the intervention 34 pairs in both control and intervention groups will be needed to conduct a RCT over an 18-month timeframe. ToP scores showed a positive, but not statistically significant trend from pre- to post-intervention. These improvements were maintained at follow-up in both clinic and home environments. The Piers-Harris 2 and the Parent Relationship Questionnaire were identified as appropriate secondary outcome measures additional parent- and teacher-report outcome measures are recommended for the RCT. A RCT to investigate effectiveness of this intervention for improving play skills of children with ASD and their playmates are feasible.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-02-2020
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 27-08-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-01-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-12-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-021-05362-5
Abstract: Limited interventions exist that support student’s school participation. This paper describes a theoretical model of school participation and the iterative process that led to the development of an intervention that aims to improve the school participation of students on the autism spectrum and their typically developing peers. Literature on autism, school participation and intervention research were integrated to develop a theoretical model. Focus groups, a Delphi study, online surveys, and reference group consultation helped to develop and refine the intervention . A novel school-based intervention was developed. The impetus to develop interventions with a strong theoretical rationale is discussed.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-06-2022
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1772890
Abstract: This study compared the An experience s ling method was employed to collect data, and a total of 40 mothers used an iOS device to record activity types and The analyses found the following results: 1) mothers spent most time in childcare and least time in self-care activities 2) coupled mothers were more likely to feel supported 3) coupled mothers were less likely to feel supported in domestic tasks 4) mothers from major city were more likely to feel challenged in self-care activities and 5) mothers from major city were more likely to feel supported in productivity tasks. Limited but significant differences between single and coupled mothers, as well as mothers from regional and major city areas, were found. Future research direction and service provisions were suggested.Implications for rehabilitationThis study shows that all mothers spent the most time on childcare and the least amount of time on self-care activities.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-10-2022
DOI: 10.3390/JCM11195920
Abstract: Introduction. Patient self-evaluation is an important aspect in the assessment of dysphagia and comprises both Functional Health Status (FHS) and Health-Related Quality of Life (HR-QoL). As many measures combine both FHS and HR-QoL, disease-related functioning cannot be distinguished from disease-related quality of life as experienced by the patient. Moreover, current patient self-reported measures are limited by poor and incomplete data on psychometric properties. Objective. This study aimed to establish content validity for the development of two new self-reported measures on FHS and HR-QoL in adults with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD), in line with the psychometric taxonomy and guidelines from the COSMIN group (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments). Methods. Using the Delphi technique, international expert consensus was achieved participants and patients with dysphagia evaluated relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility of definitions of relevant constructs (i.e., dysphagia, FHS and HR-QoL) and potential items. Results. A total of 66 Delphi participants from 45 countries achieved consensus across two rounds. The Delphi study resulted in two prototype measures, the Functional health status measure of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia (FOD) and the health-related Quality of life measure of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia (QOD), consisting of 37 and 25 items, respectively. Minimal revisions were required based on feedback by patients. Conclusions. This study provides evidence of good content validity for both newly developed prototype measures FOD and QOD. Future studies will continue the process of refining the measures, and evaluate the remaining psychometric properties using both Classic Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) models.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 25-01-2016
Publisher: Medical Journals Sweden AB
Date: 2018
Abstract: To describe telehealth interventions delivered by allied health professionals and nurses in rural and remote areas, and to compare the effects of telehealth interventions with standard face-to-face interventions. CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO and PubMed databases were searched. The content of relevant journals and published articles were also searched. Studies examining the effectiveness of allied health and nursing telehealth interventions for rural and remote populations were included in descriptive analyses. Studies comparing telehealth intervention with standard face-to-face interventions grouped by type of intervention approach were used to examine between-groups effect sizes. Methodological quality of studies was rated using the QualSyst critical appraisal tool and the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Evidence Hierarchy levels. After quality ratings, 43 studies were included. A majority of studies had strong methodological quality. The disciplines of psychology and nursing were represented most frequently, as were studies using a cognitive intervention approach. Meta-analysis results slightly favoured telehealth interventions compared with face-to-face interventions, but did not show significant differences. Interventions using a combined physical and cognitive approach appeared to be more effective. Telehealth services may be as effective as face-to-face interventions, which is encouraging given the potential benefits of telehealth in rural and remote areas with regards to healthcare access and time and cost savings.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-07-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-019-04137-3
Abstract: This study explored characteristics of children with autism with large intervention effects following a peer-mediated pragmatic language intervention, to devise algorithms for predicting children most likely to benefit. Children attended a 10-week intervention with a typically-developing peer. Data from a pilot study and RCT formed the dataset for this study. The POM-2 measured intervention outcomes. Children completed the EVT-2, TACL-4, and Social Emotional Evaluation at baseline, and parents completed the CCC-2 and CCBRS. High CCC-2 Use of Context and CCBRS Separation Anxiety scores and comparatively lower EVT-2, CCC-2 Nonverbal Communication and Cohesion scores predicted children with large intervention effects. Results can be used by clinicians to predict which children within their clinics might benefit most from participating in this intervention.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.DHJO.2015.08.013
Abstract: The intersections between chronicity, disability and social inequality are well understood. Novel ways to counter the social determinants of health and disability are needed. Men's Sheds are a community space where men can participate in a range of shared activities and potentially experience a health and social benefits. This cross-sectional survey was conducted to inform future research by determining who attended Men's Sheds and the range of health, social, community, and educational activities undertaken there. This paper explores the membership of people with disabilities (PWD) at Men's Sheds and the factors that predict their membership. An online survey link was sent to all known Men's Sheds internationally in 2012. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential (univariate and multivariate) statistics. 32.2% of international sheds and 29% of Australian sheds specifically targeted the inclusion of PWD. 80% of these sheds have significantly more members with disabilities than sheds who do no target PWD. Factors associated with greater membership of PWD included the provision of transport, social outings and promoting occupational skills. PWD are being encouraged to join and are joining Men's Sheds. This is significant as the value of participation and inclusion toward better health and wellbeing is well known. Men's Sheds offer a community space where the social determinants of chronicity and disability can potentially be countered.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2015
DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S87844
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-2021
DOI: 10.1177/17446295211032767
Abstract: Self-management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) can be challenging for people with intellectual disability. Often, parents provide health support due to lack of appropriate services outside the home. The study aim was to identify barriers and facilitators to T1DM self-management for young adults with intellectual disability and the implications for health promotion. Five male participants with intellectual disability, aged 17–26 years, and seven parents were interviewed between October 2017 and February 2019. Interview data were descriptively analysed. Two categories for barriers and facilitators were identified: 1) Diabetes self-management is complex (carbohydrate counting, blood glucose level monitoring, insulin therapy) 2) support for diabetes care (reliance on parents and carers, the National Disability Insurance Scheme, mainstream diabetes service support). Parents are critical for the support of people with intellectual disability and T1DM in the absence of disability staff with appropriate health skills.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 16-08-2016
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 07-09-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-08-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00455-017-9835-X
Abstract: As early diagnosis of swallowing and feeding difficulties in infants and children is of utmost importance, there is a need to evaluate the quality of the psychometric properties of pediatric assessments of swallowing and feeding. A systematic review was performed summarizing the psychometric properties of non-instrumental assessments for swallowing and feeding difficulties in pediatrics no data were identified for the remaining twelve assessments. The COSMIN taxonomy and checklist were used to evaluate the methodological quality of 23 publications on psychometric properties. For each assessment, an overall quality score for each measurement property was determined. As psychometric data proved incomplete, conflicting or indeterminate for all assessments, only preliminary conclusions could be drawn the most robust assessment based on current data is the dysphagia disorder survey (DDS). However, further research is needed to provide additional information on all psychometric properties for all assessments.
Publisher: AOTA Press
Date: 07-2017
Abstract: OBJECTIVE. The pragmatic language outcomes of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were explored across two feasibility studies. METHOD. Five children with ADHD (ages 6–11 yr), their parents, and 5 typically developing peers completed an assessment 18 mo after a therapist-delivered intervention (Study 1). Participants then completed a parent-delivered intervention (Study 2). Blinded ratings of peer-to-peer play interactions documented changes in children’s pragmatic language 18 mo after the Study 1 intervention and before, immediately after, and 1 mo after the Study 2 intervention. Nonparametric statistics and Cohen’s d were used to measure change. RESULTS. Children’s pragmatic language outcomes were maintained 18 mo after the therapist-delivered intervention and significantly improved from before to 1 mo after the parent-delivered intervention. CONCLUSION. Interventions involving occupational therapist and speech–language pathologist collaboration, play, and parent and peer involvement may facilitate children’s pragmatic language skills.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-06-2018
DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2017.1326185
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify key factors associated with severe stress in families raising a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Questionnaires were mailed to families with one or more children with a diagnosis of ASD. Data from 543 surveys were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Forty-four percent (n = 241) of the caregivers reported severe family stress related to raising a child with ASD. Severe family stress was associated with (1) reduced ability to socialize (2) not having accessed in idual therapy (3) negative co-parent relationships and (4) high out of pockets costs due to the child's ASD. The specific ASD diagnosis, comorbid conditions, socio-demographic variables, and social support were not associated with severe family stress. The findings of the current study highlight the importance of a systemic approach to family stress, whereby in idual, family, and ecological factors are investigated.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-09-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-04-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-019-04022-Z
Abstract: School readiness is important to a positive start and success in school but children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are at risk of not being school-ready. This study aimed to explore parent and therapist perspectives on school readiness skills of children with ASD and factors impacting on a positive mainstream school experience. A mixed methods design was used. Key findings were that school readiness depends on child and school factors, with social skills the most important child factor. The child's experience was largely reliant on teacher and education assistant attitudes and highlighted a need for further training and support. This study identified areas of focus for early intervention as well as school-aged intervention and the need for collaborative practice.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-07-2016
Abstract: In iduals with an autism spectrum disorder commonly have limited social participation. This study aimed to examine the similarities and differences of everyday participation among males and females with autism spectrum disorder in Australia and Taiwan, using an experience s ling methodology. A total of 14 Australians (4 males, aged 16–43 years) and 16 Taiwanese (12 males, aged 19–45 years) with autism spectrum disorder who are cognitively able were asked to carry a device which prompted them seven times per day for 7 days, to record everyday participation: where they were, what they were doing, and who they were with. Multilevel analyses were used to identify the relationships between everyday participation and associated factors including gender, country of residence, clinical severity of autism spectrum disorder, and social anxiety. The results showed that Taiwanese participants were more likely to stay at home than Australian participants. However, female participants were more likely to engage in social situations than males. Furthermore, participants with fewer autism spectrum disorder symptoms and those with higher levels of social anxiety were less likely to engage in social interactions. This study sheds light on ways that culture and gender affect social participation and highlights the relationship of social anxiety to social participation. The findings have implications for interventions for social participation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-12-2018
Abstract: Increased age and cognitive decline have been linked to difficulties with activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Cognitive decline can often be signalled by complaints about one's cognition, such as memory. With older Australians living longer, there is an increasing proportion of the population at risk of declined performance in daily tasks. The aim of this study was to identify if subjective memory complaints in later life among older women predict changes in independence in performing ADL and IADL. Data were from 3721 women born 1921-1926, who completed Surveys 4-6 of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Memory complaints and difficulties on ADL were measured at each survey, using the Memory Complaint Questionnaire and 16 questions regarding specific ADL. Latent growth modelling examined correlations between initial scores on each measure, changes in measures, and the association between memory complaints and changes in ADL and IADL. There was a significant association between baseline scores for subjective memory difficulty and baseline ADL and IADL scores. Initial memory difficulty was also associated with increase in ADL and IADL difficulty. Subjective memory complaints may be a risk factor for decline in performance on ADL. Attention to these concerns may be important in identifying functional decline in older age.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 02-09-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0274196
Abstract: The study examined the relationship between mental health, homelessness and housing instability among young people aged 15–18 years old who transitioned from out-of-home in 2013 to 2014 in the state of Victoria, Australia with follow-up to 2018. We determined the various mental health disorders and other predictors that were associated with different levels of homelessness risk, including identifying the impact of dual diagnosis of mental health and substance use disorder on homelessness. Using retrospective de-identified linked administrative data from various government departments we identified various dimensions of homelessness which were mapped from the European Topology of Homelessness (ETHOS) framework and associated mental health variables which were determined from the WHO ICD-10 codes. We used ordered logistic regression and Poisson regression analysis to estimate the impact of homelessness and housing instability respectively. A total homelessness prevalence of 60% was determined in the care-leaving population. After adjustment, high risk of homelessness was associated with dual diagnosis of mental health and substance use disorder, intentional self-harm, anxiety, psychotic disorders, assault and maltreatment, history of involvement with the justice system, substance use prior to leaving care, residential and home-based OHC placement and a history of staying in public housing. There is clearly a need for policy makers and service providers to work together to find effective housing pathways and integrated health services for this heterogeneous group of vulnerable young people with complex health and social needs. Future research should determine longitudinally the bidirectional relationship between mental health disorders and homelessness.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 28-08-2018
DOI: 10.1155/2018/6842306
Abstract: Gaining a driver’s licence represents increased independence and can lead to improved quality of life for in iduals and their families. Learning to drive a motor vehicle and maintaining safe on-road skills are often more difficult for people on the autism spectrum. Many countries currently have no autism-specific licencing requirements for learner drivers, and there is a general lack of ASD-specific support and training packages for in iduals, their families, and driving instructors. This review synthesises the peer-reviewed literature about the driving characteristics of drivers on the spectrum and driver training available for the cohort. The evidence in this review showed that in iduals on the autism spectrum drive differently from their neurotypical counterparts. There are shortcomings in tactical skills of drivers on the autism spectrum, but the extent to which this affects their own safety or the safety of other road users is unclear. Tactical skills can be improved through training programs. There are few autism spectrum-specific learner training programs available. Development of an effective training program will benefit in iduals on the spectrum to learn to drive, be independent, and be safe on the road.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1440-1630.2009.00796.X
Abstract: The importance of play in the social development of children is undisputed. Even though children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience serious social problems, there is limited research on their play. By integrating literature on ADHD with literature on play, we can postulate how play is influenced by the characteristics of ADHD. These postulations enabled us to propose a theoretical model (proposed model) to depict the interactive process between the characteristics of ADHD and factors that promote play. This paper presents the revised model and principles for intervention based on the results of a study investigating the play of children with ADHD (reported elsewhere). We tested the proposed model in a study comparing two groups of children (n = 350) between the ages of 5 and 11 years. One group consisted of children diagnosed with ADHD (n = 112) paired with playmates (n = 112) who were typically developing the control group consisted of typically developing children paired with typically developing playmates (n = 126). The Test of Playfulness was administered, and the model was revised in line with the findings. The findings suggest difficulties in the social play and lack of interpersonal empathy in the play of children with ADHD. We draw on the revised model to propose preliminary principles for play-based interventions for children with ADHD. The principles emphasise the importance of capturing the motivation of children with ADHD, counteracting the effects of lack of interpersonal empathy, and considerations for including playmates in the intervention process.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-08-2015
DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2015.1069414
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify key factors associated with negative co-parenting experiences in parents raising a child with autism spectrum disorder. Questionnaires were sent to families with one or more children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Parents of 142 children with autism spectrum disorder indicated that the diagnosis had a very negative impact on their co-parent relationship. A multivariate logistic regression model was run to analyze the association of these experiences with various demographic, family and community factors. Three factors were associated with negative co-parenting relationships: (1) family stress due to the child's diagnosis, (2) effects of the diagnosis on parents' relationship with their other children and (3) distance travelled to the nearest medical facility. Findings highlight the need to further explore family dynamics, particularly the relationships between the co-parenting alliance, other family members and the extra-familial environment.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 18-08-2015
DOI: 10.1111/HSC.12267
Abstract: Intergenerational mentoring enables a purposeful exchange of skills and knowledge to enhance in idual and social outcomes for sub-groups at risk of health and social disparities. Male intergenerational mentoring may be an approach to help address these disparities in young men. Over 1000 Men's Sheds operate in Australia with 39% providing some form of mentoring mainly to youth. Yet, little is known about the variables intrinsic to creating and running quality programmes. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of formal intergenerational mentoring programmes, review their quality against the Australian Youth Mentoring Network (AYMN) quality benchmarks, and identify the factors that predict quality in these programmes. All known Australian Men's Sheds were invited to participate in an online cross-sectional survey. Forty sheds with formal mentor programmes completed the survey for a total of 387 mentees (mean = 9.7 mentees rogramme), the majority being male. The majority of mentor programme facilitators were unpaid male volunteers aged 61 years and older, and programmes were unfunded. Promoting social and emotional well-being of the mentees was the primary focus in more than half of the programmes, and working on a shared construction project was the most common activity. Respondents rated the three most important factors that influenced programme effectiveness as being: (i) meaningful activities (ii) mentors' approach and (iii) a safe environment. Univariate analyses revealed that mentoring programmes that had a system in place for screening mentors, trained mentors and evaluated the programme were most likely to rate highly against the AYMN quality benchmarks.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-06-2016
DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2016.1188861
Abstract: This study examined the communication skills, pragmatic language, parent-child relationships, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms of children with ADHD and their playmates 18-months after a pilot parent-delivered intervention for improving social play skills and pragmatic language. Participants were five children with ADHD, their parents, and five typically-developing playmates. Outcomes were measured immediately post and 18-months following the intervention. Parent-rated norm-based assessments and an observational measure were used. Differences within and between the ADHD and playmate groups were examined. Children maintained all skills gained 18-months following the intervention. Compared to a normative s le, children with ADHD remained below the average range on aspects of communication skills, parent-child relationships, and ADHD symptom levels 18-months following intervention. After intervention, children with ADHD still experienced pragmatic language skills below those of their peers on norm-based assessments that measure their skills across contexts. School-based interventions are needed to facilitate ongoing skill development and generalization.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 28-10-2019
Abstract: Preventing and reducing domestic violence is a national and international social priority. Civil law protection orders (POs) have been the primary legal response to domestic violence internationally for a number of decades. However, evidence of their effectiveness is mixed due to variations in application within and across countries and variable quality of the research with most studies at high risk of bias. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of POs in reducing violation rates of domestic violence, compare violation rates reported by victims and police reports, and identify factors that influence violation and reoffense. Two electronic databases were searched two independent researchers screened abstracts. Data were collected and assessed methodologically, using the Kmet Checklist Appraisal Tool and National Health and Medical Research Council Hierarchy of Evidence. Twenty-five studies that evaluated the effectiveness of POs in reducing reci ism in domestic violence met the eligibility criteria. Meta-analyses of weighted means of violation in the studies were conducted. Violation rates were found to be higher for victim reports compared with police reports. Violation rates were reduced when POs used in combination with arrests. PO violation rates were lower among perpetrators without histories of arrest for committing violence, perpetrators not engaging in stalking, and where couples have had medium to high incomes. There is no consensus among the studies about what the most appropriate methodology is to measure PO effectiveness. Future research should establish a more unified approach to evaluating the effectiveness and violations of POs.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-09-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-018-3734-3
Abstract: This exploratory randomised controlled trial tested the effectiveness of a tablet-based information communication technology early intervention application to augment existing therapy with the aim of improving visual motor, imitation, language and social skills in young children with ASD who reside in regional areas. Fifty-nine participants were recruited and randomised to either a therapy-as-usual group or intervention group. With the exception of the expressive language subscale on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, no significant between-group differences were recorded for visual motor, imitation, receptive language and social skills of participants between baseline and post-intervention. When all participants were pooled and measured over time, improvements were shown in receptive and pragmatic language and social skills these gains were maintained, thus suggesting skill acquisition.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 27-11-2015
DOI: 10.1111/HSC.12140
Abstract: The health of Australian men has recently received greater attention. Men's Sheds are named in national policy as an exemplar community-based organisation for the betterment of men's psychosocial health yet, the evidence base to support this is limited. This study investigates the comparative experience of men with long-term disabilities and men without long-term disabilities who go to a Men's Shed and to what extent this provides these men with an enabling, as opposed to disabling, environment. Data were collected from 12 in idual interviews with men with long-term disabilities (5) and men without long-term disabilities (6), including 1 interview with the male Men's Shed Coordinator (MSC) participant observation within the shed and a document received from the female MSC regarding the funding the Shed receives. Interviews explored the men's experiences at the Shed and their sense of belonging and social inclusion. Participants had any type of long-term disability and had been attending the shed for a minimum of 1 month. Data were collected between May and September 2013 and were analysed using the constant comparative method of grounded theory. The core theme that emerged was an enabling community space. The four sub-themes were: a community and social hub an equalising space a safe and supportive male environment and meaningful male activities. The current literature exemplifies Men's Sheds to be important community-based organisations beneficial to men's health and well-being. For men living with long-term disabilities, this study illuminates that Men's Sheds offer an environment of equality, facilitating a collegial and egalitarian culture. Men can partake in enabling activities and enjoy the company of other men enhancing their sense of belonging and social inclusion as well as interact with other community groups that occupy the same space as the Men's Shed.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 29-03-2019
Abstract: Gender is constructed from social and cultural meanings that dynamically shift and vary. Previous work has assumed that the constructions of masculinity in Australia are like those in other Western societies, and typically focus on qualities such as physical strength, courage and sometimes military engagement. This study explores whether these assumptions hold, by conducting telephone interviews among 617 Queensland men, aged 18 years and above, across all geographical parts of Queensland. This survey was administered in 2013, as part of the Queensland Social Survey series. The study explores the erse meanings associated with being a ‘real man’ given by the survey participants. Three main dimensions emerged from the thematic analysis: physicality personality and character social roles and relationships. The study confirmed that masculinities are dynamic and complex. Responses revealed a surprising emphasis on character and morality 44.5% (n = 684) as defining manhood, as against physical qualities 13.7% (n = 153).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 11-09-2018
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 09-06-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JNS.12198
Abstract: Hand weakness and impaired manual dexterity have been reported in children with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A). This early onset of upper limb involvement might explain frequent clinical referrals for assessment and treatment of impaired handwriting performance. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of CMT1A on handwriting speed and legibility, and identify demographic, anthropometric, and physical measures that might relate to handwriting performance. Handwriting speed (Handwriting Speed Test), handwriting legibility (Evaluation Tool of Children's Handwriting-Cursive), and hand strength (hand-held dynamometry of tip pinch, lateral pinch and grip) were assessed in 30 children with CMT1A (aged 8-17 years) and 30 age- and sex-matched controls. Children with CMT1A exhibited 34% slower handwriting speed (p < 0.0001) with 4% reduced legibility (p = 0.001) and 37-48% lower hand strength (p < 0.0001). All measures of strength, age, height, and weight were positively associated with handwriting speed (r = 0.39-0.79, p 0.05). Regression modelling identified a diagnosis of CMT1A, lateral pinch weakness and younger age as significant independent predictors of slower handwriting speed, explaining 78% of the variance. Children with CMT1A have considerable handwriting difficulties, primarily with speed, and substantial associated hand and finger weakness. Understanding the cause-effect relationship between strength and function might provide modifiable targets for upper limb intervention.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 02-04-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 23-01-2013
DOI: 10.1111/HSC.12019
Abstract: Men's Sheds are community-based organisations that typically provide a space for older men to participate in meaningful occupation such as woodwork. Men's Sheds are considered an exemplar for the promotion of men's health and well-being by health and social policy-makers. The objective of this literature review was to determine the state of the science about the potential for Men's Sheds to promote male health and well-being. Between October 2011 and February 2012, we conducted searches of databases, the grey literature and manual searches of websites and reference lists. In total, we found 5 reports and 19 articles about Men's Sheds. The majority of the literature has emanated from Australian academics and is about older men's learning in community contexts. There is a limited body of research literature about Men's Sheds the literature consists of either descriptive surveys or small qualitative studies. The range of variables that might contribute towards best practice in Men's Sheds has not yet been adequately conceptualised, measured, tested or understood. Future research should be focussed on the health and well-being benefits of Men's Sheds it needs to incorporate social determinants of health and well-being within the study designs to enable comparison against other health promotion research. Without this research focus, there is a danger that the potential health and well-being benefits of Men's Sheds as supportive and socially inclusive environments for health will not be incorporated into future male health policy and practice.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-07-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-019-04115-9
Abstract: This study aimed to explore the appropriateness of an ICT intervention, the Therapeutic Outcomes by You application (TOBY app), from the perspectives of the parents. Parental experiences of twenty-four parents of a child with ASD who had participated in a three-month trial using the TOBY app were collected using semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was conducted and themes were mapped against an appropriateness framework. Collectively, parents felt the TOBY app was relevant and important to them and their children's needs, while expressing partial support of the TOBY app as: a positive experience for them and their children, beneficial for them and their children, a socially and ecological valid intervention, and an intervention that supported change and continuation in the skills learnt.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 23-06-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-06-2015
DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1059495
Abstract: To test the feasibility of a handwriting retraining program with adults after stroke specifically the feasibility of: (i) recruiting people with stroke to the study, (ii) delivering the handwriting retraining program and (iii) outcome measures of handwriting performance. A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design was used. A four-week, home-based handwriting retraining program was delivered by an occupational therapist using task-specific practice. Legibility, speed, pen control and self-perception of handwriting were measured at baseline and completion of the program. Legibility was scored by a blinded rater. Seven adults with stroke were recruited (eligibility fraction 43% of those screened, and enrolment fraction 78% of those eligible). There were no dropouts. Although, recruitment was slow the intervention was feasible and acceptable to adults with stroke. No statistically or clinically significant changes in legibility were reported in this small s le, but a ceiling effect was evident for some outcome measures. The study was not powered to determine efficacy. Delivery of a four-week handwriting intervention with eight supervised sessions in the community was feasible however, recruitment of an adequate s le size would require greater investment than the single site used in this pilot. Handwriting difficulty is common following hemiparesis after stroke, however research addressing handwriting retraining for adults with stroke is lacking. A four-week home-based handwriting program using task-specific practice and feedback was feasible to deliver and appropriate for adults with stroke. Improving handwriting legibility and neatness across a range of tasks were important goals for adults with handwriting impairment.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-04-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-07-2022
DOI: 10.1111/DMCN.15367
Abstract: To determine the quality and utility of proxy-reported sensory measures for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (such as autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, movement disorders, and intellectual disability). We systematically searched 11 databases. We applied the updated Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) Risk of Bias checklist and criteria for good measurement properties to evaluate instrument development and psychometric properties. Findings were summarized using a COSMIN adaptation of Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations. From 11 databases, 6748 articles were screened. Ninety-one full-length articles were reviewed after removing excluded studies and manual searches conducted by two reviewers. Data were extracted for 12 measures from 20 articles. Of the 12 measures, only three provided sufficient data to evaluate content validity and psychometric measurement properties. The Participation and Sensory Environment Questionnaire-Home (PSEQ-H) was the only measure that satisfied moderate content validity and moderate-to-high quality for measurement properties. These properties included: structural validity, hypothesis testing for construct validity, internal consistency, reliability, and measurement error. One measure, the PSEQ-H, met eight criteria for good measurement properties. To facilitate evidence-informed clinical decision-making, all psychometric properties of all 12 sensory-based, proxy-reported measures were presented. The importance of consumer engagement in measure development and the need for ongoing evaluation of measures against contemporaneous standards is recommended.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-04-2014
Abstract: There is a well-documented need for interventions to successfully address the social difficulties of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This study aimed to further the development of a previously conducted pilot of a play-based intervention. To achieve this, children's social play outcomes pre-post and 18-month following the intervention were examined by raters unaware of the study's purpose. Additionally, parents' experiences of the intervention were explored. Participants included five children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who had participated in a play-based intervention and their typically developing playmates parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder also participated. Children and their playmates attended an 18-month follow-up play session and parents participated in semi-structured interviews. The Test of Playfulness was used to measure children's play outcomes in the context of social play with a peer, pre-post and 18-months following the intervention. Wilcoxon signed-ranks (Z) and Cohen's-d were used to measure effect. Thematic analysis was used to analyse reoccurring themes from parents' interviews. Children's social play outcomes improved pre-post intervention (Z = 2.02 P = 0.04 d = 1.6) and were maintained 18-month post intervention (Z = 0.14 P = 0.89 d = -0.4). Core themes included: the intervention as an enjoyable experience, a common language for talking about play/social interactions, an observable change in children's skills, transference of skills and the need for support to refresh learnt lessons over time. The intervention demonstrated preliminary and long-term efficacy in developing the social play skills of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Further research is required to optimise intervention feasibility and parent involvement prior to conducting a large-scale research.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-05-2015
Abstract: Strong professional identity allows for appropriate representation and promotion of occupational therapy. Academic education assists in the development of occupational therapy identity. This study aims to explore the development of occupational therapy identity and graduate attributes in occupational therapy students after the first year of a revised curriculum. Occupational therapy students ( n = 58) were surveyed at the commencement of the second year. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (χ 2 for trend). A total of 54 students (93.1%) completed the survey. Students progressively developed occupational therapy identity over time. There were no significant associations between main factors influencing the original decision to study occupational therapy and when occupational therapy identity developed. However, there were significant associations between main factors influencing students' decision to continue studying and when identity developed. Most students agreed the curriculum equipped them to develop graduate attributes, although this was not significantly associated with factors that either influenced students to study, or continue studying, occupational therapy. There was significant association between development of graduate attributes and occupational therapy identity over time. This study showed an emergence of occupational therapy identity and graduate attributes in students, demonstrating the importance of first year curriculum in the development of these factors.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 06-11-2014
DOI: 10.1111/HSC.12076
Abstract: Men's Sheds are named within the Australian and Irish National Male Health Policies as an exemplar of male health and well-being and offer a range of formal and informal mentoring to counter the known consequences of social exclusion. The study aimed to report on whether Men's Sheds undertake mentoring programmes, and if so, who is being mentored are mentors being trained, and if so by whom and the perceived effectiveness of the mentoring programme. Furthermore, the study aimed to explore associations between sheds with a mentoring programme and factors that reflect an inclusive and a health-focused environment. All known Men's Sheds were invited to participate in the survey of those, 324 (42.8%) Men's Sheds in Australia and 59 (48.0%) International sheds participated in the study between April and August 2012. Overall, 39.2% (n = 127) of Australian sheds and 23.7% (n = 14) of International sheds undertook formal mentoring. Youth was the most common group being mentored in both Australia (60.6% n = 77) and Internationally (71.4% n = 10). Over half of Australian shed co-ordinators rated their mentoring programme as moderately effective (52.8% n = 67) and over a third as highly effective (36.2% n = 46), while half of International shed co-ordinators rated theirs as highly effective (50.0% n = 7). The findings from this paper support the notion that a large number of Men's Sheds offer formal mentoring programmes targeting a range of disadvantaged sub-populations, thus supporting social inclusion. Inter-generational mentoring is the most frequently occurring type of mentoring programme. While training mentors occurs at some sheds, the efficacy of this training and programme outcomes are unknown. A typology of shed types appears to be emerging based on a ergence of sheds with a more utilitarian focus and sheds that appear to embrace a health and well-being focus.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1155/2016/6086894
Abstract: Introduction . Patients with head and neck cancer suffer from various impairments due to the primary illness, as well as secondary consequences of the oncological treatment. This systematic review describes the effects of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy on the functions of the upper aerodigestive tract in patients with head and neck cancer. Methods . A systematic literature search was performed by two independent reviewers using the electronic databases PubMed and Embase. All dates up to May 2016 were included. Results . Of the 947 abstracts, sixty articles met the inclusion criteria and described one or more aspects of the sequelae of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Forty studies described swallowing-related problems, 24 described voice-related problems, seven described trismus, and 25 studies described general quality of life. Only 14 articles reported that speech pathologists conducted the interventions, of which only six articles described in detail what the interventions involved. Conclusion . In general, voice quality improved following intervention, whereas quality of life, dysphagia, and oral intake deteriorated during and after treatment. However, as a consequence of the ersity in treatment protocols and patient characteristics, the conclusions of most studies cannot be easily generalised. Further research on the effects of oncological interventions on the upper aerodigestive tract is needed.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-07-2019
DOI: 10.1111/DMCN.14316
Abstract: To determine the prevalence of drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems in persons with cerebral palsy (CP) across the lifespan. A systematic review was conducted using five different databases (AMED, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed). The selection process was completed by two independent researchers and the methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the STROBE and AXIS guidelines. Meta-analyses were conducted to determine pooled prevalence estimates of drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems with stratified group analyses by type of assessment and Gross Motor Function Classification System level. A total of 42 studies were included. Substantial variations in selected outcome measures and variables were observed, and data on adults were limited. Pooled prevalence estimates determined by meta-analyses were as high as 44.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 35.6-52.7) for drooling, 50.4% (95% CI 36.0-64.8) for swallowing problems, and 53.5% (95% CI 40.7-65.9) for feeding problems. Group analyses for type of assessments were non-significant however, more severely impaired functioning in CP was associated with concomitant problems of increased drooling, swallowing, and feeding. Drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems are very common in people with CP. Consequently, they experience increased risks of malnutrition and dehydration, aspiration pneumonia, and poor quality of life. Drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems are very common in persons with cerebral palsy (CP). The prevalence of drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems is 44.0%, 50.4%, and 53.5% respectively. There are limited data on the prevalence of drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems in adults. Higher Gross Motor Function Classification System levels are associated with higher prevalence of drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems. There is increased risk for malnutrition, dehydration, aspiration pneumonia, and poor quality of life in CP.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-09-2018
Abstract: Families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) use family routines to provide predictability and structure to support occupational engagement of their family members. Mothers assume the major role to orchestrate occupations in constructing family routines, which may impact their health and wellbeing. However, the experiences of mothers in managing family routines and their health and wellbeing have not been the main focus in previous research. Thus, this study explored the experiences of mothers of children with ASD in managing family routines and their perceptions of the impact of family routines on their health and wellbeing. An interpretive phenomenological approach was used. Twenty mothers of children with ASD, aged between 28 and 56 years, participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were transcribed verbatim and each transcript was analysed. Five themes that summarise mothers' perceptions towards health and wellbeing when managing family routines emerged: (i) Keeping on track keeping healthy (ii) My life is busy, because I do everything for everyone else (iii) Keeping on track all the time is tiring or frustrating (iv) Looking after my family by looking after myself and (v) I am not perfect and it is OK. This study highlighted the substantial efforts required in constructing family routines that may be at the cost of mothers' health and wellbeing. However, mothers may be able to cope with everyday demands in managing family routines by changing their perspectives. By integrating 'me-time' activities in family routines, mothers may be able to support their own health and wellbeing. Mothers' values and needs are reflected in family routines hence, thorough understanding of family routines may be a key to support mothers' occupational engagement.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-07-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S00455-018-9918-3
Abstract: Fibreoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) and Videofluoroscopic Swallow Studies (VFSS) are instrumental assessments of dysphagia which provide videos of the internal structures of swallowing. They are commonly regarded as 'gold-standard' assessments however, there is no consensus regarding a gold-standard measure to analyse the video recordings that they produce. Measures require sound psychometric properties to be suitable for clinical or research purposes. To date, no review of psychometric properties of FEES and VFSS measures has been undertaken or formally reported. This review assessed the quality of the psychometric properties of visuoperceptual measures of FEES and VFSS. Electronic databases were searched for studies reporting on psychometric qualities of visuoperceptual measures which are used to analyse recordings from FEES and VFSS. All dates until February 2017 were included. The Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist was used to evaluate the methodical quality of studies. The measures' overall quality was then assessed by combining COSMIN ratings with quality criteria. Forty-five studies, reporting on 39 measures, met the inclusion criteria for this review. Data about the measures' psychometric properties were very limited. Twenty-one measures had information available about reliability only, while 18 had information on up to five of the possible nine psychometric properties categorised within the COSMIN framework. The majority of the FEES and VFSS measures' psychometric properties were rated as 'indeterminate' overall, due to the small number of studies, issues with design, statistical analyses, and reporting practices of extant studies. There is insufficient evidence to recommend any in idual measure included in this review as valid and reliable to interpret VFSS and FEES recordings. Further research, which utilises robust methodological design and reporting, is needed to examine the psychometric properties of measures for FEES and VFSS.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-06-2023
DOI: 10.3390/JCM12123875
Abstract: Visuoperceptual evaluation of fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is a commonly used assessment in dysphagia or swallowing disorders. Currently, no international consensus exists regarding which visuoperceptual measures to use for the analysis of FEES recordings. Moreover, existing visuoperceptual FEES measures are limited by poor and incomplete psychometric data, identifying an urgent need for developing a visuoperceptual measure to interpret FEES recordings. Following the COSMIN group’s (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) psychometric taxonomy and guidelines, this study aimed to establish the content validity of a new visuoperceptual FEES (V-FEES) measure in adults with oropharyngeal dysphagia. Using the Delphi technique, international consensus was achieved among dysphagia experts across 21 countries, resulting in a new prototype measure for V-FEES, comprising 30 items, 8 function testing items (i.e., specific tasks performed by patients while observing and rating items), and 36 unique operationalisations (i.e., defining items into measurable factors that could be measured empirically using visuoperceptual observation). This study supports good content validity for V-FEES, including participants’ feedback on the relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility of the included items. Future studies will continue the instrument development process and determine the remaining psychometric properties using both the classic test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT) models.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-05-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1440-1630.2011.00928.X
Abstract: Many children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have serious social and peer difficulties that can lead to adverse outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. To date, psychosocial treatments have produced poor outcomes in reducing social impairments commonly associated with ADHD. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of a new intervention designed to improve the play and social skills of children with ADHD and their playmates within the natural context of play. Participants included children (aged 5-11 years) diagnosed with ADHD, age-matched typically developing playmates (n=14/group) and parents of children with ADHD. The intervention involved seven weekly video-recorded free-play sessions video feed-forward/feedback and therapist- and peer-modelling were used to promote social play. The Test of Playfulness was used as a pre- ost-test measure. Data were subjected to Rasch analysis to calculate measure scores on interval level dependant s le t-test and Cohen-d calculations were used to measure effect. A dependant s les t-test revealed that both children with ADHD (t=8.1 d.f.=13 P<0.01) and their playmates (t=6.9 d.f.=13 P<0.01) improved in their social play. Results demonstrated a large effect in improving the social play of children with ADHD (d=1.5) and their playmates (d=1.3). Results support the use of play, video feed-forward/feedback techniques, therapist- and peer-modelling and parent involvement as an effective means to develop the social play skills of children with ADHD. Further larger-scale research is required.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-12-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-015-2682-4
Abstract: This study explored the everyday life experiences of in iduals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Fourteen Australians and 16 Taiwanese (aged 16-45 years) with Asperger syndrome/high functioning autism recorded what they were doing, level of interest/involvement, emotional reactions and preference for being alone 7 times/day for 7 days. Multilevel analyses showed that 'solitary arallel leisure' and 'social activities' were positively associated with interest and involvement. Engaging in these two activities and interacting with friends were positively associated with enjoyment. However, engaging in 'social activities' and having less severe ASD symptoms were associated with in-the-moment anxiety. Severity of ASD and social anxiety moderated experience in social situations. The findings highlight the importance of considering the in-the-moment experience of people with ASD.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-09-2019
Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
Date: 07-07-2021
DOI: 10.1044/2021_LSHSS-20-00053
Abstract: This study reports on data from a survey of speech-language pathologists' (SLPs) language assessment practices for elementary school–age children. The objective was to investigate the regularity with which SLPs use different types of assessments (described across data types, task types, environmental contexts, and dynamic features). This study also investigated factors that influence assessment practice, the main sources from which SLPs obtain information on language assessment and the main challenges reported by SLPs in relation to language assessment. A web-based survey was used to collect information from 407 Australian SLPs regarding the types of assessments they use. Factors that influenced the regularity with which different types of assessments were used were investigated using regression analysis. Most SLPs regularly used assessments that are norm-referenced, decontextualized, and conducted in a clinical context and less regularly used other types of assessments. Service agency, Australian state, and SLPs' years of experience were found to influence the regularity with which some types of assessments were used. Informal discussions with colleagues were the most frequently identified source of information on assessment practice. Main challenges related to limited time, lack of assessment materials, and lack of confidence in assessing children from culturally and linguistically erse backgrounds. SLPs could improve current language assessment practice for elementary school–age children through more regular use of some types of assessments. Actions to facilitate evidence-based assessment practice should consider the contextual differences that exist between service agencies and states and address challenges that SLPs experience in relation to language assessment. 0.23641/asha.14378948
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-12-2015
DOI: 10.1111/AJR.12252
Abstract: Student retention at regional universities is important in addressing regional and remote workforce shortages. Students attending regional universities are more likely to work in regional areas. First year experience at university plays a key role in student retention. This study aimed to explore factors influencing the first year experience of occupational therapy students at a regional Australian university. Surveys were administered to 58 second year occupational therapy students in the first week of second year. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics (Pearson χ An Australian regional university. Second year undergraduate occupational therapy students. Factors influencing students' decisions to study and continue studying occupational therapy factors enhancing first year experience of university. Fifty-four students completed the survey (93.1%). A quarter (25.9%) of students considered leaving the course during the first year. The primary influence for continuing was the teaching and learning experience. Most valued supports were orientation week (36.7%) and the first year coordinator (36.7%). The importance of the first year experience in retaining occupational therapy students is highlighted. Engagement with other students and staff and academic support are important factors in facilitating student retention. It is important to understand the unique factors influencing students' decisions, particularly those from regional and remote areas, to enter and continue in tertiary education to assist in implementing supports and strategies to improve student retention.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 15-01-2016
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0269098
Abstract: In My Shoes is a peer supported, teacher-led, school-based intervention that aims to improve the school participation and connectedness of students on the autism spectrum. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility, fidelity, and preliminary effectiveness of In My Shoes in mainstream elementary schools. Ten Grade 3 and 4 students on the autism spectrum and 200 of their typically developing peers across eight classrooms and six schools participated. The following aspects of feasibility were explored: recruitment capability and s le characteristics, data collection procedures and outcome measures, appropriateness, implementation, and practicality of the intervention. Fidelity was explored by evaluating the delivery of intervention components against set criteria. Preliminary effectiveness was investigated by evaluating changes in intervention outcomes pre-post intervention using a range of outcome measures. Study findings are encouraging, suggesting In My Shoes is a feasible and appropriate intervention, and shows promise in improving the self-report school engagement of all student participants, as well the classroom participation and subjective school experiences of students on the autism spectrum. Useful insights into ways the intervention and the design of future research can be improved are discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-04-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S11136-015-0990-Y
Abstract: Difficulty swallowing, oropharyngeal dysphagia, is widespread among many patient populations (such as stroke and cancer groups) and aged community-dwelling in iduals. It is commonly managed with bolus modification: altering food (usually cutting, mashing or puréeing) or fluids (typically thickening) to make them easier or safer to swallow. Although this treatment is ubiquitous, anecdotal evidence suggests patients dislike this management, and this may affect compliance and well-being. This review aimed to examine the impact of bolus modification on health-related quality of life. A systematic review of the literature was conducted by speech pathologists with experience in oropharyngeal dysphagia. The literature search was completed with electronic databases, PubMed and Embase, and all available exclusion dates up to September 2012 were used. The search was limited to English-language publications which were full text and appeared in peer-reviewed journals. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Generally, bolus modification was typically associated with worse quality of life. Modifications to foods appeared to be more detrimental than modifications to fluids, but this may be due to the increased severity of dysfunction that is implied by the necessity for significant alterations to foods. The number of studies retrieved was quite small. The erse nature of methodologies, terminologies and assessment procedures found in the studies makes the results difficult to generalise. Overall, even though the severity of dysphagia may have been a confounding factor, the impact of bolus modification on health-related quality of life in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia appears to be negative, with increased modification of food and fluids often correlating to a decreased quality of life. Further, associated disease factors, such as decreased life expectancy, may also have affected health-related quality of life. More research is needed.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-06-2015
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate parents’ perspectives of the appropriateness of a parent-delivered play-based intervention, The Ultimate Guide to Making Friends. The intervention was designed to improve the social play skills of children with ADHD. One month post-intervention, seven parents of children with ADHD participated in in idual semi-structured interviews. Interviews ranged from 40–60 minutes. Parents were asked about their perceptions of the intervention: experience, benefits, logistics that supported or hindered participation and satisfaction with the intervention for themselves and their children. Data were analysed thematically using constant comparative methods, whereby two researchers worked independently to analyse emergent themes. Thematic analysis revealed a single core theme of reframing: a process whereby both parents and their children were assisted to develop new perspectives regarding their social skills and interactions. The core theme comprised three sub-themes: (1) connecting with the intervention (2) parent and child benefits resulting from a new perspective and (3) continued everyday use of the intervention materials and strategies. The intervention was appropriate from parents’ perspectives. The core theme of reframing and sub-themes collectively related back to the following aspects of appropriateness: (a) a positive experience (b) relevant and important to their/their child’s needs (c) beneficial (d) a socially and ecologically valid approach, fitting their everyday lives and (e) promoting change that continued over time.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 31-01-2022
DOI: 10.3390/JCM11030776
Abstract: Objective. To assess the effects of neurostimulation (i.e., neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES)) in people with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD). Methods. Systematic literature searches were conducted to retrieve randomised controlled trials in four electronic databases (CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed). The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2). Results. In total, 42 studies reporting on peripheral neurostimulation were included: 30 studies on NMES, eight studies on PES, and four studies on combined neurostimulation interventions. When conducting meta analyses, significant, large and significant, moderate pre-post treatment effects were found for NMES (11 studies) and PES (five studies), respectively. Between-group analyses showed small effect sizes in favour of NMES, but no significant effects for PES. Conclusions. NMES may have more promising effects compared to PES. However, NMES studies showed high heterogeneity in protocols and experimental variables, the presence of potential moderators, and inconsistent reporting of methodology. Therefore, only conservative generalisations and interpretation of meta-analyses could be made. To facilitate comparisons of studies and determine intervention effects, there is a need for more randomised controlled trials with larger population sizes, and greater standardisation of protocols and guidelines for reporting.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-01-2016
Abstract: Men's Sheds are community spaces where socialisation occurs alongside participation in meaningful activities. Shed activities and socialisation make them useful for supporting transition to adulthood of 'at-risk' young people through meaningful occupations. Many sheds have implemented intergenerational mentoring programmes. However, many programmes are established on an ad-hoc basis without specific attention to factors that may support effective and sustainable outcomes. We aimed to inform future programmes by exploring different programmes to provide insight into the purpose, design and programme characteristics that are perceived as beneficial for young males. Four Sydney-based sheds providing intergenerational mentoring programmes were selected. We interviewed shed coordinators, mentors and mentees to explore their perceptions of programme characteristics that supported mentees' transition to adulthood. Thematic analysis techniques were used to first analyse and understand the unique context of each programme and these were then merged and integrated to identify the most helpful aspects of these mentoring programmes. Mentor attitude towards the mentees, freedom to make independent choices and the nature and perceived usefulness of the project were considered the most significant characteristics of these programmes. This was the first known examination of the different characteristics of Men's Sheds intergenerational mentoring programmes. On the basis of our findings, we have made recommendations to help guide the planning and implementation of future programmes. While our findings largely support previous research on mentoring programmes, findings from this study suggest that 'expert skills' may not be as important as mentor attitude to working with the mentees.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-10-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S11136-018-2001-6
Abstract: The current review was conducted to identify all self-report questionnaires on functional health status (FHS) and/or health-related quality-of-life (HR-QoL) in adult populations with dysphonia (voice problems), and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the retrieved questionnaires. A systematic review was performed in the electronic literature databases PubMed and Embase. The psychometric properties of the questionnaires were determined using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) taxonomy and checklist. Responsiveness was outside the scope of this review and as no agreed 'gold standard' measures are available in the field of FHS and HR-QoL in dysphonia, criterion validity was not assessed. Only questionnaires developed and published in English were included. Forty-eight studies reported on the psychometric properties of 15 identified questionnaires. As many psychometric data were missing or resulted from biased study designs or statistical analyses, only preliminary conclusions can be drawn. Based on the current available psychometric evidence in the literature, the Voice Handicap Index seems to be the most promising questionnaire, followed by the Vocal Performance Questionnaire. More research is needed to complete missing data on psychometric properties of existing questionnaires in FHS and/or HR-QoL. Further, when developing new questionnaires, the use of item response theory is preferred above classical testing theory, as well as international consensus-based psychometric definitions and criteria to avoid bias in outcome data on measurement properties.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-05-2014
DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2014.915244
Abstract: This pilot study explored the nature and quality of social experiences of children with Asperger Syndrome/High Functioning Autism (AS/HFA) through experience s ling method (ESM) while participating in everyday activities. ESM was used to identify the contexts and content of daily life experiences. Six children with AS/HFA (aged 8-12) wore an iPod Touch on seven consecutive days, while being signalled to complete a short survey. Participants were in the company of others 88.3% of their waking time, spent 69.0% of their time with family and 3.8% with friends, but only conversed with others 26.8% of the time. Participants had more positive experiences and emotions when they were with friends compared with other company. Participating in leisure activities was associated with enjoyment, interest in the occasion, and having positive emotions. ESM was found to be helpful in identifying the nature and quality of social experiences of children with AS/HFA from their perspective.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 28-08-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-10-2018
Abstract: Children with ASD are known to have lower play skills than their typically developing peers. However, the play skills of children with ASD are rarely investigated using observational measures in the context of their everyday peer-to-peer play interactions. To explore the play skills of children with ASD and their aged matched classmates during a peer-to-peer play interaction. Using convenience s ling, four children with ASD (5-11 years) attending mainstream schools were recruited for this multiple case design study. Each child with ASD was paired with one of their aged matched typically developing classmates. Children's play skills were measured using the Test of Playfulness (ToP). Additional case data were collected through teacher-reported social skills and behaviours. Rasch analysis was utilised to convert raw ToP scores into an interval level overall score for each child. Children's in idual ToP item scores, social skills and behaviours are presented by case. The two children with ASD who had the highest ToP scores, also had the highest teacher-reported social skills. All children with ASD had greatest difficulty on ToP items reflecting suspension of reality and framing. Two children with ASD had higher ToP scores than their classmate. In these two cases, the classmates had similar play skills of children with ASD. The play skills of children with ASD varied by case. Across the cases, teacher-reported social skills, classmate age and existence of friendship between children were all factors observed to influence play. These findings require replication and investigation in larger scale studies.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 07-08-2023
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0289539
Abstract: Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience substantial difficulty maintaining meaningful friendships, which has implications for social functioning and mental health. No systematic review has investigated their friendship difficulties. To systematically review and methodologically appraise the quality of existing studies reporting on friendships of children with ADHD. To compare their friendships to typically-developing children, and examine associations between friendship and children’s social-emotional wellbeing and mental health. Six databases were searched. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the QualSyst appraisal tool and the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. Aspects of friendships measured were charted, along with comparisons between children with ADHD and typically-developing children and the associations between friendships and social-emotional wellbeing and mental health. Twenty-three cross-sectional studies and one longitudinal follow-up study were included. Studies included 1509 participants with ADHD, with 1197 typically-developing participants used as a companion in 19 of the 24 studies. Friendship quantity was the most investigated aspect of friendship. Children and youth with ADHD had significantly fewer friends, lower quality friendships and poorer friendship interactions. There were mixed findings from studies investigating the role or impact of friendship on social-emotional wellbeing and mental health. Twenty-two had strong methodological quality. Limited longitudinal studies, small s le sizes and variability in measurement restrict the interpretations of friendship over time and the causal impact of friendship on social and emotional outcomes. Further research should investigate the role and impact of friendships on the social-emotional wellbeing of children and youth with ADHD.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-10-2017
Abstract: There is an urgent need to investigate the long-term impact of social skill interventions for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Interventions targeting the social skills of children with ADHD have limited short-term effectiveness and rarely investigate the long-term impact. Furthermore, these interventions are most frequently conducted in the clinic setting, without including the child's natural settings and interactants, such as their regular playmates and parents. The present study investigated the social play, social skills and parent-child relationships of children with ADHD and their playmates (n = 13/group) aged 5-13 years. A two-group before and after design with a longitudinal component was applied. Participant data compared over two time points, immediately following a randomised, controlled trial (RCT) of a play-based intervention and 12 months post-RCT. From immediately following the RCT to the 12-month follow-up, children with ADHD maintained social play skill gains in the home environment. Playmates maintained social play skill gains across the home and clinic environments. Children scored within a developmentally appropriate range, falling within 1 standard deviation of the mean for social skills and most parent-child relationship scales using norm-based assessments. Results support the long-term effectiveness of the intervention.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-09-2012
DOI: 10.3109/17549507.2012.713395
Abstract: Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) commonly experience significant pragmatic language deficits which put them at risk of developing emotional and social difficulties. This study aimed to examine the pragmatic language exhibited in a peer-to-peer interaction between the children with ADHD and their playmates following a pilot play-based intervention. Participants were children (aged 5-11 years) diagnosed as having ADHD (n = 14) and their self-selected typically-developing playmate. Pragmatic language was measured using the Pragmatic Protocol (PP) and the Structured Multidimensional Assessment Profiles (S-MAPs). Children's structural language was also screened and compared against their pragmatic language skills pre-post play-based intervention. The pragmatic language of children with ADHD improved significantly from pre-post intervention as measured by both the PP and S-MAPs. Both children with and without structural language difficulties improved significantly from pre- to post-intervention using S-MAPs only children with structural language difficulties improved significantly using PP. The findings support the notion that pragmatic skills may improve following a play-based intervention that is characterized by didactic social interaction. As pragmatic language is a complex construct, it is proposed that clinicians and researchers reconsider the working definition of pragmatic language and the operationalization thereof in assessments.
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1159/000530718
Abstract: Introduction: This study examined speech language pathologists’ use of standardized language measures when assessing school-aged children. Method: A total of 335 Speech Language Pathologist (SLP)s provided information in a web-based survey regarding the standardized language measures they use for school-aged children. SLPs were asked to identify the domains targeted, purposes of use and reasons for which regularly used standardized measures were chosen for use. Results: Findings indicated that SLPs collectively use many standardized measures, although only a small number are used regularly. SLPs reported using standardized measures to assess domains that measures are not ideally designed for and for purposes that the measures were not ideally suited to assessing. SLPs reported selecting diagnostic measures based on psychometric properties, but not for screening measures. Reasons for choice varied depending on the particular measure. Conclusion: Overall, findings indicated that SLPs need to place greater focus on evidence-based practice recommendations when selecting standardized measures for use with school-aged children. Implications for clinical practice and future directions are discussed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S00455-017-9873-4
Abstract: The Swallowing Quality of Life questionnaire (SWAL-QOL) is widely used clinically and in research to evaluate quality of life related to swallowing difficulties. It has been described as a valid and reliable tool, but was developed and tested using classic test theory. This study describes the reliability and validity of the SWAL-QOL using item response theory (IRT Rasch analysis). SWAL-QOL data were gathered from 507 participants at risk of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) across four European countries. OD was confirmed in 75.7% of participants via videofluoroscopy and/or fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation, or a clinical diagnosis based on meeting selected criteria. Patients with esophageal dysphagia were excluded. Data were analysed using Rasch analysis. Item and person reliability was good for all the items combined. However, person reliability was poor for 8 subscales and item reliability was poor for one subscale. Eight subscales exhibited poor person separation and two exhibited poor item separation. Overall item and person fit statistics were acceptable. However, at an in idual item fit level results indicated unpredictable item responses for 28 items, and item redundancy for 10 items. The item-person dimensionality map confirmed these findings. Results from the overall Rasch model fit and Principal Component Analysis were suggestive of a second dimension. For all the items combined, none of the item categories were 'category', 'threshold' or 'step' disordered however, all subscales demonstrated category disordered functioning. Findings suggest an urgent need to further investigate the underlying structure of the SWAL-QOL and its psychometric characteristics using IRT.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 29-09-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-04-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S40489-021-00250-1
Abstract: To determine the effects of non-pharmacological randomised controlled trials in adults with autism, a systematic review was conducted across five electronic databases. A total of 3865 abstracts were retrieved, of which 41 articles met all inclusion criteria: randomised controlled trial non-pharmacological intervention adults with autism and English publication. Twenty included studies had strong methodological quality ratings. No meta-analysis could be performed due to heterogeneity between studies. Articles reported on interventions for (1) social functioning and language skills, (2) vocational rehabilitation outcomes, (3) cognitive skills training, and (4) independent living skills. Social functioning was the most studied intervention. PEERS for young adults and Project SEARCH plus ASD support interventions had the strongest evidence. Emerging evidence suggests non-pharmacological interventions could be effective.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 14-08-2017
DOI: 10.2196/JMIR.6651
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 26-04-2020
Abstract: This study investigated speech-language pathologists’ (SLPs) perceptions of factors that influence application of a new taxonomy with terminology for describing child language assessment and identified strategies that may facilitate use of taxonomy terminology to collect data on SLP assessment practice. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 SLPs and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified in relation to factors that may influence application including applying the taxonomy is arduous, contextual factors may influence application, and SLP experience and knowledge may influence application. Participants identified a number of strategies to facilitate use of taxonomy by SLPs. Findings from this study give insight into the factors that influence SLPs’ application of a taxonomy of assessment terms. These findings are important for all SLPs in the child language field to consider if the profession is to be effective in establishing greater consistency in use of professional terminology.
Publisher: AOTA Press
Date: 11-2014
Abstract: OBJECTIVE. This study evaluated a parent-delivered intervention aiming to address the social difficulties of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The intervention was evaluated from three perspectives: effectiveness, feasibility, and appropriateness. METHOD. This one-group pretest–posttest study included 5 children with ADHD and their parents, who had previously participated in a therapist-delivered play-based intervention. The 7-wk parent-delivered intervention involved home modules (including a DVD, manual, and play dates with a typically developing playmate) and three therapist-led clinic-based play sessions. The Test of Playfulness was used as a pre- and postintervention and follow-up measure. Parents were interviewed 1 mo following the intervention, and data were analyzed for recurring themes. RESULTS. Children’s social play outcomes improved significantly from pretest to 1-mo follow-up (Z = 2.02, p = .04, d = 1.0). Three themes emerged: the clinic play environment as a sanctuary, parental barriers to intervention delivery, and tools for repeating learned lessons. CONCLUSION. The parent-delivered intervention demonstrated preliminary evidence for feasibility and effectiveness. Further research is warranted regarding appropriateness.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-01-2023
DOI: 10.3390/JCM12020721
Abstract: This systematic review on non-instrumental clinical assessment in adult oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) provides an overview of published measures with reported reliability and validity. In alignment with PRISMA, four databases (CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed) were searched, resulting in a total of 16 measures and 32 psychometric studies included. The included measures assessed any aspect of swallowing, consisted of at least one specific subscale relating to swallowing, were developed by clinical observation, targeted adults, and were developed in English. The included psychometric studies focused on adults, reported on measures for OD-related conditions, described non-instrumental clinical assessments, reported on validity or reliability, and were published in English. Methodological quality was assessed using the standard quality assessment QualSyst. Most measures targeted only restricted subdomains within the conceptual framework of non-instrumental clinical assessments. Across the 16 measures, hypothesis testing and reliability were the most reported psychometrics, whilst structural validity and content validity were the least reported. Overall, data on the reliability and validity of the included measures proved incomplete and frequently did not meet current psychometric standards. Future research should focus on the development of comprehensive non-instrumental clinical assessments for adults with OD using contemporary psychometric research methods.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 12-05-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2013
Abstract: The National Male Health Policy identifies several groups of males at different transitional life stages that are at particular risk, including teenage boys at risk of social exclusion and recently retired older men. A novel intergenerational mentoring program was developed to bring these groups together through participation in meaningful occupation. This research aimed to investigate the mentors' experiences of the program, their views about the teenage boys and the structure of the program. Nine teenage boys (14-16 years) at risk of social exclusion participated in a weekly shared construction project with older male mentors (60-75 years) at a local Sydney school over one school term. A post-project focus group and in idual interviews were conducted with six of the mentors pre- and post-project. Data were analysed using the constant comparative method of grounded theory all authors developed themes in idually and then collectively. The core theme that emerged was a values-led male reconnection. Centred in themes of gendered valuing, respect, tradition and the handing down of life experience, occupational engagement was integral to bridging the generational gap and facilitating intergeneration discourse. Older males with a strong sense of generativity are a valuable resource in delivering such programs, and reported a sense of accomplishment and enhanced self-worth. Given the central role that occupational engagement played in fusing the project, this study highlights the untapped role of occupational therapy in developing programs aimed at promoting the health and wellbeing of Australian men.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Start Date: 11-2018
End Date: 11-2022
Amount: $710,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity